Publications

a field trial with a multicomponent inactivated respiratory viral vaccine.	an inactivated virus vaccine containing strains of parainfluenza type 3 (pi3), bovine adenovirus type 3, reovirus type 1, bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) viruses was tested in a group of 58 calves reared in a semi-intensive management system. following vaccination, 1/30, 14/30 and 17/30, showed significant rises in antibody titre to reovirus type 1, adenovirus type 3 and ibr respectively. none of the animals showed significant serological response to pi 3 ...	1979	232326
experimental infection of laboratory animals with parainfluenza-3 virus.		1979	232483
infection of cultured human type ii pneumonocytes with certain respiratory viruses.	human type ii alveolar pneumonocytes were grown either as monolayers derived from a clone or as organotypic cultures of fetal lung. the type ii cells in these cultures retained in their cytoplasm multilamellar bodies which were morphologically identical to similar organelles present in type ii cells of intact human fetal and adult lung. a number of respiratory viruses infected the cells and produced a cytopathic effect in the cultures. viral components were also detected in some of the infected ...	1979	232693
[research on substances with antiviral activity. x. 1-substituted-2-(methylamino) naphtho/2,1-b/furan hydrochlorides].	some 2-(methylamino)naphtho [2,1-b] furans hydrochlorides 1-substituted were synthetized and investigates for antiviral activity in vitro against herpes simplex virus type i (vhs-i) and parainfluenza virus type 3 ha-i/cr-8 stock.	1979	233363
parainfluenzavirus upper respiratory tract illnesses in partially immune adult human subjects: a study at an antarctic station.	outbreaks of respiratory tract illnesses (rti) in adult humans during october and november 1975 at mcmurdo station, antarctica, were investigated by viral isolation and serologic procedures. the recovery of viral agents was enhanced by use of cell cultures in the field. recoveries of parainfluenzaviruses types 1 and 3 and rhinoviruses were made from 10 of 39 nasal washings. parainfluenzaviruses types 1 and 3 accounted for 50 and 30 per cent, respectively, of the total viruses recovered during oc ...	1979	233480
[use of the precipitation reaction for studying viral antibodies in blood sera].		1979	89261
the use of igm antibody responses in the diagnosis of primary infections to measles, rubella, mumps, and m. parainfluenzae viruses.	one-hundred and twenty-seven sera were tested to determine whether a primary infection could be identified by a determination of the class of antibody (igm) detected in serum collected in the period after a viral infection. serum was collected from patients with a history of measles (18 cases), rubella (24 cases), mumps (12 cases), and m. parainfluenzae type 3 infections (9 cases). the results of the serological assays are compared with clinical observations and the limitations of the methods un ...	1978	45605
virus-antibody titres in chronic glomerulonephritis.		1978	78370
epidemiology of respiratory viral infection among paediatric inpatients over a six-year period in north-east england.	during a 6-year, hospital-based study at newcastle upon tyne five consecutive winter epidemics of respiratory syncytial (r.s.) virus infection occurred; the virus was identified in 1428 cases, showing that 1 in 50 live-births were admitted to hospital with r.s. virus infection. epidemics were inversely related to temperature and to number of hours of sunshine. parainfluenzaviruses, the second largest group of pathogens, were identified in 543 cases; most infections by this group were due to para ...	1978	82045
[detection of the parainfluenza virus in respiratory pathology in lambs].		1978	204101
immunologic "memory" for microbial antigens in lymphocytes obtained from human bronchial mucosa.	memory for previous immunologic contact with microbial antigens has been detected in lymphocytes from human bronchi as a secondary immune response, when tested in vitro. antigens stimulated a predominantly proliferative response in blood lymphocytes that was significantly greater than the response in mucosal lymphocytes with purified protein derivative and herpes simplex type 1 antigens. co-culture experiments with autologous blood lymphocytes showed that cell-dependent suppression was one mecha ...	1978	204236
[epidemiological evaluation of pneumotropic viral infections in children attending 2 selected creches in lublin. iii. epidemics of parainfluenza type 3 infection].		1978	204898
parainfluenza-3 virus exposure of beef heifers prior to natural breeding.	ninety-six hereford heifers (approximately 7 months of age) were randomly divided into 2 equal groups and housed 1.6 km apart (with 2 replications in time, 1 year apart). at 15 months of age, 1 group/replicate was inoculated with parainfluenza-3 virus, and the other group was given virus-free spent culture medium. twenty-four hours later, 2 virgin bulls (2 years old) were placed with each group (24 cows) for natural breeding. viral inoculation caused a twofold increase in parainfluenza-3 titer a ...	1978	205150
[isolation of the parainfluenza-3 virus from lambs].		1978	205991
infections with viruses and mycoplasma pneumoniae during exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.	the association of viral and mycoplasma pneumoniae infections with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis was studied by serologic or isolation techniques in 46 adult men during the five years from 1964 through 1968. serologic evidence of viral or m. pneumoniae infection was detected in 25% of 166 episodes of exacerbation and 14% of 138 remission periods (p = 0.02). influenza a virus, parainfluenza virus type 3, and coronavirus oc43 predominated; infections with other viruses were infrequent. ...	1978	206630
an inactivated parainfluenza virus type 3 vaccine: the influence of vaccination regime on the response of calves and their subsequent resistance to challenge.	calves maintained in insolated pens were vaccinated with an inactivated parainfluenza virus type (3) (pi3) vaccine usingparenteral and local route singly and in combination. the calves were subsequently monitored for serum antibody response and challenged intranasally with live virus to assess the protection derived from vaccination. calves receiving one subcutaneous dose of vaccine in oil adjuvant produced a marked antibody response and were partially protected against challenge. those receivin ...	1978	206935
experimental infection of specific pathogen-free lambs with parainfluenza virus type 3 and pasteurella haemolytica.		1978	207749
the effect of vaccination with a parainfluenza type 3 virus on pneumonia resulting from infection with parainfluenza type 3 virus and pasteurella haemolytica.		1978	207750
some characteristics of a natural infection by parainfluenza-3 virus in a group of calves.	parainfluenza-3 (pi3) virus infection in a group of 25 calves is described. the virus was isolated from the lungs of four calve at days 6, 7, 13 and 55 after they were housed together at birth. intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were seen by light microscopy in bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells of two of these calves. virus infected cells were detected by electron microscopy in three of the four calves. haemagglutination inhibition antibodies to pi3 virus were found in the sera of the ca ...	1978	209507
ovine pneumonia.		1978	210432
synthesis and antiviral acticity of some phosphates of the broad-spectrum antiviral nucleoside, 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (ribavirin).	1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide 5'-phosphate (2) was prepared and converted into the following derivatives: the 5'-phosphoramidate 3, the 5'-diphosphate 4, the 5'-triphosphate 5, and the cyclic 3',5'-phosphate 6. the cyclic 2',3'-phosphate 7 was prepared from the parent nucleoside, 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (1), and was opened to the 2'(3')-phosphate 8. these compounds were found to exhibit significant antiviral activity against several viruses in ce ...	1978	211234
neutralising antibodies to parainfluenza 3 virus in african wildlife, with special reference to the cape buffalo (syncerus caffer).	as part of a study to assess the prevalence of common viral agents in african wildlife, nearly 3,300 sera from 44 different wild species, from eight african countries, have been examined for neutralising antibodies to parainfluenza 3 (pi3) virus. antibody was demonstrated in 20 of the 44 species examined, including seven species not previously reported as sero-positive. sera were collected between 1963 and 1977 and results indicated that infection has been widespread for a considerable time. the ...	1978	211274
parainfluenza virus type 3: isolation from csf of a patient with guillain-barré syndrome.	we report the isolation of parainfluenza virus type 3 from the csf of a 19-year-old man with guillain-barré syndrome. although parainfluenza viruses are usually associated with respiratory tract illnesses, some strains show a neurotropism not previously appreciated. thus, parainfluenza viruses may be responsible for a portion of cases of guillain-barré syndrome.	1978	211275
the use of polyethylene glycol in concentration and purification of several bovine viruses.	the polyethylene glycol (peg) precipitation method was used for the concentration and purification of eight bovine viruses. good results were obtained from four viruses, parainfluenza--3 virus, bovine enterovirus, bovine adenovirus, and bovine parvovirus. no satisfactory results of concentration were obtained from bovine reovirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. the failure of concentration of the four viruses seems to be ascribed rather to the resuspend ...	1978	211444
detection of early "significant" antibody responses in paired sera by the use of an automated bovine parainfluenza-3 hemagglutination-inhibition system.	an automated bovine parainfluenza-3 hemagglutination-inhibition system was used to detect small increases (15--20%) in specific antibody titer between paired bovine sera collected three days apart. automated and manual parainfluenza-3 hemagglutination-inhibition test procedures were compared as methods for the serologic diagnosis of parainfluenza-3 infection. fifteen daily serum specimens from each of three animals were analyzed as various possible manual-test and automated-test serum pairs. wit ...	1978	212948
fatal rhabdomyolysis associated with parainfluenza type 3 infection.		1978	213404
imidazo[1,2-a]-s-triazine nucleosides. synthesis and antiviral activity of the n-bridgehead guanine, guanosine, and guanosine monophosphate analogues of imidazo[1,2-a]-s-triazine.	the first chemical synthesis of 2-aminoimidazo[1,2-a]-s-triazin-4-one (8), the corresponding nucleoside and nucleotide, and certain related derivatives of a new class of purine analogues containing a bridgehead nitrogen atom is described. condensation of 2-amino-4-chloro-6-hydroxy-s-triazine (2) with aminoacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal followed by the ring annulation gave the guanine analogue 8. a similar ring annulation of 4-(2,2-dimethoxyethylamino)-s-triazine-2,6-dione (5) gave imidazo[1,2-a]-s ...	1978	214563
experimental parainfluenzavirus infection. 1. hydrocephalus of mice due to infection with parainfluenza virus type 1 and type 3.		1978	214671
parainfluenza-3 virus: difference in capacity of neuraminidase-weak and strong strains to infect young calves and to elicit cellular immune response.	calves less than four weeks old could not be infected with a neuraminidase-weak strain of parainfluenza-3 virus (pi3) but were successfully infected with either of two neuraminidase-strong strains. the criteria for infection were virus excretion, cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune responses. in the lymphocyte stimulation test, calves infected with the neuraminidase-strong pi3 strain tüb-e6 responded more strongly to antigen prepared from this strain than to antigen from the heterologous ...	1978	214834
[experimental parainfluenza in lambs].		1978	214932
[infectious causes of perinatal mortalities in ruminants (author's transl)].	the advantages and disadvantages of the different diagnostic techniques e.g. pathological and microbiological studies, immunoglobulin and specific antibody determinations and fluorescent antibody studies in relation to these mortalities are discussed. the most important pathological lesions in the placentas and foetuses are described.	1978	215769
observations on outbreaks of respiratory disease in housed calves--(2) pathological and microbiological findings.	extensive pneumonic lesions were present in 42 out of 43 calves obtained for post mortem examination from 34 outbreaks of respiratory disease in northern ireland. bronchiolitis and alveolitis with necrosis of bronchiolar mucosa which progressed to bronchiolitis obliterans and peribronchiolar fibrosis were prominent histopathological features in the lungs of calves obtained live. the majority of calves which died within the first two months of these outbreaks had severe exudative bronchopneumonia ...	1978	217140
[substances having antiviral activity. ix. synthesis and antiviral activity of 1-acyl-2-halo-3-formylindole thiosemicarbazones].	some thiosemicarbazones of 1-acyl-2-chloro-3-formylindoles were synthesized and investigated for antiviral activity against vaccinia virus, hid stock and parainfluenza virus type 3 ha-i/cr-8 stock. evidence of antiviral activity was found only against vaccinia virus, and was particular significant with the m-substituted 1-benzoyl-2-chloro-3-formylindoles. the first results of 2-substitution of chlorine by bromine in the indole skeleton, are reported.	1978	217729
[immunofluorescence with virus pi-3--immunofluorescent findings on calf kidney cell cultures infected with different doses and strains of the virus].		1978	208218
[antibodies against selected viruses and bedsonia in the body fluids of bovine abortions].		1978	208219
[immunofluorescence with the pi-3 virus--study of various working conditions for the detection of viral infection using immunofluorescence on various types of cell cultures].	we used the fluorescence method for the investigation of the sensitivity of several kinds of cell cultures to the infection with the parainfluenza virus 3 (pi-3). cultures from calf kidneys were the most sensitive while we did not determine any differences between primary cultures and cultures of the first and second subpassages and/or freshly cultivated or incubated cultures over seven days at a temperature of 37 degrees c. equal values of infection titres like on the cultures of calf kidneys w ...	1978	208220
[a case of parainfluenza viral myocarditis showing various kinds of conduction disturbances (author's transl)].		1978	209109
observations on outbreaks of respiratory disease in housed calves--(1) epidemiological, clinical and microbiological findings.	in 47 of 50 outbreaks of respiratory disease in indoor calves which had never been to grass there was clinical evidence of pneumonia in all animals examined. calf housing was in most cases considered unsatisfactory. virus activity was detected in 70 per cent of outbreaks investigated within a few days post onset of respiratory signs. parainfluenza (pi) 3 and respiratory syncitial virus (rsv) were the viruses most frequently involved. in the majority of outbreaks mycoplasma species and pasteurell ...	1978	219582
[experimental model of associated influenza-para-influenza infection].	an experimental model of associated influenza-parainfluenza infection has been developed. simultaneous inoculation of mice with influenza a2/21/65 and parainfluenza type 3 or inoculation with these viruses at an interval of 24 hours was shown to produce a considerably more severe disease as manifested by the development of severe confluent pneumonias involving both lungs and death of the inoculated animals. the animals with the associated infection showed no significant difference in antibody ti ...	1978	219615
[use of novarsenol in parainfluenza-3 and polyetiological bronchopneumonias].		1977	191987
ovine pneumonia.		1977	209377
concurrent infection of lambs with parainfluenza virus type 3 and pasteurella haemolytica.		1977	208027
a study of endemic viruses in a group of calves.		1977	208032
effect of streptovirudin on parainfluenza 3 virus multiplication.	streptovirudin (sv) in a concentration of 100 microng/ml reduced the multiplication of parainfluenza 3 virus by about 3.5 log units. when uninfected wish cells were treated for 2 and 12 hours with 100 mug/ml of sv, 3h-thymidineincorporation was decreased, but no marked differences were observed in the incorporation of 3h-uridine. the level of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (c-amp) was found to decrease in sv-treated cells.	1977	15435
elevated parainfluenza virus type 1 antibody in patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.	parainfluenza virus hemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibodies were determined 3 times in the sera of 9 patients with subacute sclerosiing panencephalitis (sspe) and 20 healthy controls matched for age and place of residence. serum antibody against parainfluenza virus type 1 was significantly elevated in sspe patients as compared with controls, whereas antibodies against type 2 and 3 were found to be in normal ranges. higher titres of parainfluenza virus type 1 antibody might depend on: (1) dua ...	1977	188993
synthesis and antiviral activity of certain thiazole c-nucleosides.	a general reaction of glycosyl cyanides with liquid hydrogen sulfide in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine to provide the corresponding glycosylthiocarboxamides is described. these glycosylthiocarboxamides were utilized as the precursors for the synthesis of 2-d-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide and 2-beta-d-ribofuranosylthiazole-5-carboxamide (23). the structural modification of 2-beta-d-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide (12) into 2-(2,3,5-tri-o-acetyl-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)thiazole-4-c ...	1977	189032
6-aminopyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-4(5h)-one, a novel analogue of guanine.	treatment of dimethyl alpha-ethoxymethylidineacetonedicarboxylate with hydrazine gave methyl 3-(methoxy-carbonylmethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxylate which, upon ammonolysis and dehydration, afforded methyl 3-(cyanomethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxylate. this compound, when heated with liquid ammonia, gave 6-aminopyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-4(5h)-one, a new guanine analogue, which did not possess any of the potent antiviral activity shown by 6-aminoimidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4(5h)-one (3-deazaguanine).	1977	189033
probable role of viruses in calfhood diseases.	bovine enteroviruses, bovine viral diarrhea virus, rotavirus (formerly called reovirus-like agent), coronavirus-like agent, bovine adenovirus, and bovine parainfluenza-3 virus have been isolated from calves suffering from neonatal disease. the experimental disease produced by these viruses is not necessarily severe or fatal, but under farm and ranch conditions, each probably serves as an added to mortality from neonatal disease. after initial losses following the introduction of a virus into a h ...	1977	190279
viruses isolated from captive and free-ranging wild ruminants in alberta.	nasal secretions, leukocytes and preputial or vaginal swabs from a group of 15 captive wild ruminants, comprising six pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana), seven fallow deer (dama dama) and two mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), and from 50 free-ranging pronghorns in southern alberta, were examined for viral agents. captive animals were given injections of dexamethasone daily for 6 days in attempts to reactivate latent infections. specimens were collected at 2-3 day intervals from days 0 to ...	1977	190422
in vitro stimulation of bovine circulating lymphocytes by parainfluenza type 3 virus.	bovine circulating lymphocytes from animals sero-positive to parainfluenza-3 virus (piv-3) could be stimulated by piv-3 antigen in a microculture system. a semiautomatic multiple sample harvester was used to collect the lymphocytes from the microplates. ultraviolet-killed piv-3 induced better stimulation values than formalin or heat-treated virus. the highest stimulation values were obtained after a stimulation time of three to five days.	1977	190660
interactions between calf alveolar macrophages and parainfluenza-3 virus.	cells washed from the lungs of freshly killed calves (lung wash cells; lwc) were cytotoxic for calf kidney (ck) target cells infected with parainfluenzavirus type 3 (pi-3) when assayed by chromium release. lwc collected from 25 calves, including two gnotobiotic animals that had not previously been infected with pi-3, were all cytotoxic, giving a specific chromium release between 11 and 50%. cytotoxicity was detected at ratios of lwc to target cell as low as 5:1. the cytotoxic reaction required v ...	1977	191403
model systems for studying the pathogenesis of infections causing bronchiolitis in man.		1977	191787
how etiologic, pathologic, and clinical diagnoses can be made in a correlated fashion.		1977	191788
cell-mediated immunity to parainfluenza-3 (piv-3) in cattle. evaluation of in vivo and in vitro tests.		1977	193320
components of parainfluenza-3 virus, slp-strain, reacting in assays of cell-mediated immunity in cattle.	parainfluenza-3 virus was isolated by affinity chromatography, including a purification step with immobilized lectin vicia erwilia. the peplomers of disintegrated virus were similarily isolated using another carbohydrate-specific lectin vicia crotalaria. the whole virion and the peplomers were both active as antigens in the leucocyte migration inhibition, lymphocyte stimulation and skin hypersensitivity tests. the remaining virus material, freed of detergents used for virus disintegration and co ...	1977	194552
maintenance of viability and comparison of identification methods for influenza and other respiratory viruses of humans.	a comparison of hanks balanced salt solution, veal infusion broth (vib), and charcoal viral transport medium for maintaining viability of type a influenza virus indicated approximately equal survival of virus on all three media at -70 and 4 degrees c, whereas at 25 degrees c virus survived best in vib. vib supplemented with bovine serum albumin was used as transport medium in a community-wide surveillance of febrile respiratory disease for influenza viruses. unfrozen throat swab specimens were p ...	1977	195979
correlation of exposure to various respiratory pathogens with farmer's lung disease.	complement-fixing antibodies (cfa) to a panel of microorganisms commonly associated with respiratory disease were measured in a number of agricultural populations. the panel included mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza viruses a and b, parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus. the agricultural populations were grouped according to a clinical history of farmer's lung disease (fld) and the presence of antibodies to the thermophilic actinomycetes (ta). farmers ...	1977	197136
interspecific fusion of bovine and other cells with parainfluenza viruses (sendai and pi-3).		1977	198439
cell receptors for paramyxoviruses.	treatment of chick embryo fibroblasts, calf kidney and bhk cells for 30 minutes with the enzyme neuraminidase from vibrio cholerae causes an enhancement of the per cent of attached ndv virions. this enhancement does not depend on the multiplicity of infection. the quantity of spontaneously eluted and cellbound virus is two times greater than the quantity of the same virus derived from control cells. n-acetyl-neuramin lactose inhibits the effect of vibrio cholerae neuraminidase. after prolonged a ...	1977	199141
[clinical and immunopathological studies of viral nephritis].		1977	199763
[interfering and interferonogenic activity of attenuated and original para-influenza viral strains].	a higher interfering activity of attenuated (vaccine) strains of parainfluenza virus types 1, 2 and 3 which had undergone a long-term adaptation to cell cultures as compared to the original viruses was established. the interferon-inducing activity of vaccine parainfluenza virus types 2 and 3 was also higher than that of the original viruses. the high interfering and interferon-inducing activity of attenuated parainfluenza virus strains of type 2 and 3 correlated with reduced virulence of these v ...	1977	200011
[research on substances with antiviral activity. vii. activity and lipophilic of property n-alkyl-2-chloro-3-formylindole thiosemicarbazone].	thiosemicarbazones of n-alkyl-2-chloroindole-3-carboxaldehydes were synthesized and investigated for antiviral activity against rna virus (parainfluenza type 3, ha-i/cr-8 stock) and dna virus (vaccinia virus, hid stock). the effect of lipophilicity on the activity against vaccinia virus was considered. relative lipophilicities were measured by a reversed phase thin-layer chromatographic technique. the most active compound n-isopropyl-2-chloroindole-3-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone appeared com ...	1977	200469
mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract of sheep [proceedings].		1977	200505
evaluation of respiratory disease in calves: comparison of disease response to different viruses.		1977	200998
investigation of causative agents of bovine respiratory tract disease in a beef cow-calf herd with an early weaning program.	serum samples were collected from early weaned fall calves shortly after the onset of respiratory tract disease. antibody titers to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus, parainfluenza type 3 (pi-3) virus, bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus, bovine adenovirus type 3 (bav-3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) were determined on paired (acute and convalescent) serums. seroconversion rate (a fourfold or greater rise in antibody titer) for ibr virus was 4.3%, pi-3 virus--16.3%, bv ...	1977	201196
replication of parainfluenza type 3 virus in alveolar macrophages: evidence of in vivo infection and of in vitro temperature sensitivity in virus maturation.	approximately 2% of cultured alveolar macrophages (am), originally lavaged from the lungs of parainfluenza type 3 virus (pi-3v)-infected calves, were observed to contain viral antigen (by fluorescent antibody method) or viral nucleocapsids (by electron microscopy). plaque assays, however, indicated that virus titers were generally low when cultures were incubated at 37 degrees c for 10 days. am, obtained from "in vivo infected" and "noninfected" calves, were found to be equally susceptible to fu ...	1977	201567
[serological response of rabbits following immunization with m. parainfluenzae-3, adenovirus i and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus associated antigens].	the immunization of rabbits separately with virus suspensions of myxovirus parainfluenzae-3, adenovirus serotype i, and bovine rhinotracheitis virus or with combinations of each two of them and with a combination of all three viruses led to the production of sera having titers of virus-neutralizing antibodies acting against each of the antigens that participated in the combination. results showed that no inhibition existed of the antigens during immunization as established by the serologic respo ...	1977	202065
development of a guinea pig colony free of complement-fixing antibodies to parainfluenza virus.	complement-fixing antibodies to parainfluenza 3 virus were found in hartley strain [cds: (ha)] guinea pigs from the authors' production colony. the prevalence and distribution of these antibodies were determined by testing guinea pigs of five age categories: 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months to 1 year, and over 1 year of age. forty-seven percent (28 of 60) were positive to parainfluenza 3 antigen. positive reactors were found in all age groups except those 8 weeks old. the 12-week-old group h ...	1977	202800
[influenza, parainfluenza and rs virus antibodies in children with acute respiratory tract infections].		1977	202820
[immunofluorescence with pi-3 virus--preparation and evaluation of conjugates from immune sera of various animal species].	immune sera with a high content of antibodies to para-influenza-3 (pi-3) virus suitable for production of specific conjugated immunoglobulins were prepared on conventionally reared calves, rabbits, and guinea-pigs, applying antigen in different ways. when processing the sera of the above mentioned animal species to conjugates, the sera differed in pure igg yield, in completed conjugate, and molar f/p ratios, but their ability to demonstrate antigens of the pi-3 virus in the dilution was approxim ...	1977	203081
importance of associated viral and bacterial infections in the production of acute pneumonias.	bacteriologic and virologic investigations carried out in a group of 85 patients with acute pneumonia have allowed the determination of the etiologic agent in 52.9% of the cases. of these, 40% showed combined viral and bacterial infections. mixovirus infections were frequently associated with staphylococcic ones (7 out of 8 cases) and adenovirus infections with the pneumococcic ones (6 out of 7 cases). the most severe and longdrawn clinical pictures with frequent pleuropulmonary complications (i ...	1976	191900
parainfluenza type 3 virus in cattle with upper respiratory disease.		1976	190569
experimental parainfluenza type 1 virus-induced encephalopathy in adult mice. pathogenesis of chronic degenerative changes in the cns.	the pathogenicity of the 6/94 strain of parainfluenza type 1 virus, originally isolated from multiple sclerosis brain, was studied in adult mouse brains. intracerebral inoculation of the virus caused mononuclear cell infiltration in the form of perivascular cuffing and a diffuse exudation into the parenchymal tissue, preferentially in cerebral white matter, that resulted in marked degeneration over a 90-day observation period. immunofluorescent staining revealed viral antigen in the ependymal li ...	1976	174534
activation of latent infectious bovine rhinotracheitis after experimental infection with parainfluenza 3 virus in young calves.		1976	189532
the assessment in sheep of an inactivated vaccine of parainfluenza 3 virus incorporating double stranded rna (brl 5907) as adjuvant.	the serological responses of conventionally reared sheep were compared after vaccination with inactivated parainfluenza 3 (pi3) virus incorporated in three different adjuvants. inactivated pi3 virus with the double-stranded rna, brl 5907 in an oil emulsion was shown to stimulate higher serum antibody titres over the first 5 weeks after vaccination than virus with and without bcg emulsified in oil. the ability of this vaccine to protect specific pathogen-free lambs against challenge with pi3 viru ...	1976	185290
encephalolopathies in cattle in tasmania.	five central nervous diseases are described and their relationships to previously recorded conditions are discussed. the conditions are congenital inclusion-body encephalopathy probably caused by a paramyxovirus infection, idiopathic neuraxial oedema of a newborn calf, focal symmetrical encephalomalacia of a young calf, yacca (xanthorrhoea spp) poisoning of adult cattle leading to spinal demyelination, and focal demyelination and neuropathy in an adult cow.	1976	186002
lymphocyte response to virus antigens in systemic lupus erythematosus.	the cell-mediated immune response of lymphocytes to rubella, measles, parainfluenza types 1, 2, and 3, varicella-zoster and herpes virus type 1 virus antigens was evaluated in 15 sle patients and 15 matched controls by incorporating 3h-thymidine in whole blood cultures as a measure of blastic transformation. sle patients were less responsive than normal individuals to six of eight virus antigens tested. culture of washed sle cells in ab plasma did not reverse the hyporesponsiveness. the results ...	1976	187203
the pulmonary clearance of pasteurella hemolytica in calves infected with bovine parainfluenza-3 virus.	the purpose of this study was to determine if parainfluenza-3 virus in calves interfered with normal pulmonary bacterial clearance. three groups (a, b and c) of four calves each were exposed to an aerosol of parainfluenza-3 virus. three days later the four hour pulmonary clearance of pasteurella hemolytica was determined on the first group (a), seven days later on the second (b) and 11 days later on the third (c). group a had a mean pulmonary bacterial retention of 3.6 +/- 3.5%. group b was 83.1 ...	1976	187305
[interaction of beta-hemolytic streptococcus and para-influenza virus].		1976	187909
skin hypersensitivity to parainfluenza-3 virus in cattle. ii. induction by vaccination and specificity.		1976	65073
vaccination programs for bovine respiratory diseases.		1976	173981
an outbreak of acute pneumonia in young, single-suckled calves.	an outbreak of acute severe pneumonia which affected six to 14-week-old single-suckled calves, resulted in 45/77 requiring treatment. the examination of paired sera from all affected calves revealed that neither an adenovirus, non infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus nor parainfluenza 3 virus was involved. the acute exudative interstitial pneumonia found at post mortem was typical of pneumonic pasteurellosis.	1976	176764
effect of prostaglandins on cell function and multiplication of parainfluenza 3 viruses in wish cells.	cytotoxic effect of prostaglandins e2 and f2alpha on cells grown in vitro and the influence of these compounds on multiplication of myxovirus parainfluenza 3 were investigated. the prostaglandins were added to culture medium (0-01-10 mug/ml) 24 hr before virus infection, or for 2 and 48 hr after inoculation with viruses. wish cells and monkey kidney cell cultures were used. no direct cytotoxic effect of prostaglandins at concentrations 0-01-1 mug/ml was found (viability, supravital staining, pha ...	1976	178579
elevated nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction test response in acute viral respiratory disease.		1976	180486
maternal immunoglobulins and parainfluenza 3 virus inhibitors in the nasal and lachrymal secretions and serum of newborn lambs.	concentrations of igg, igm and iga were measured in the serum, nasal secretions and lachrymal secretions of suckled newborn lambs. the major immunoglobulin constituent of precolostral serum was igm. maternal immunoglobulins, of which igg was predominant, reached peak values on day 1 of life and then declined over the next 3 weeks. half lives were calculated as: igg, 13-7 days; igm, 4-1 days; and iga 1-8 days. no immunoglobulin was detectable in nasal or lachrymal secretions prior to sucking but ...	1976	181185
effect of passive antibody on parainfluenza virus type 3 pneumonia in hamsters.	both parainfluenza virus type 3 and respiratory syncytial virus may produce life-threatening pneumonia or bronchiolitis in infants less than 6 months old. almost all infants in this age group possess passively acquired maternal antibodies to both viruses. it has been suggested that maternal antibodies may actually participate in the pathogenesis of these diseases in early infancy. this investigation examined the effect of moderate levels of passive antibody on the development of pneumonia in ham ...	1976	181324
proceedings: effect of microwaves on virus multiplication in mammalian cells in vivo and in vitro.		1976	181581
isolation and properties of reovirus from cattle in an outbreak of acute respiratory disease.	a cytopathogenic virus was isolated in the primary culture of bovine kidney cells from a nasal swab of affected calves in an outbreak of acute respiratory disease in japan in 1971. it agglutinated human type o erythrocytes and produced cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. viral replication was inhibited by 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine, indicating that the viral nucleic acid was rna. the virus was resistant to ether, chloroform, sodium deoxycholate, and acid, and passed readily through sartorius' membrane fil ...	1976	181678
immunity studies in calves vaccinated with a multivalent live respiratory vaccine composed of i.b.r., parainfluenza 3 and bovine adenovirus type 3.	the persistence of systemic and local antibodies was studied after two intranasal administrations of the vaccine, six weeks apart. systemic antibodies to i.b.r. and adenovirus 3 evoked by the vaccine were still present 21 weeks following the second dose of the vaccine. inconslusive results were obtained regarding the persistence of systemic and local pi-3 antibodies because of an intercurrent natureal pi-3 infection occurring during the observation period. local antibodies to adenovirus type 3 w ...	1976	182597
intranasal vaccination of cattle against ibr and pi3: field and laboratory observations in dairy, beef, and neonatal calf populations.	the author first summarizes the development of intranasal vaccination by nasalgen p and particularly nasalgen ip, previously reported, and then reviews present knowledge regarding safety and efficacy of nasalgen ip in feeder calves, dairy animals and neonates. the minimal immunogenic dose is evaluated, as well as the secretory antibody response and the development of interferon. two studies are reported on the transmission from vaccinates to susceptible non-vaccinates and the evaluation of the p ...	1976	182599
[editorial: role of viral infection in the etiology of demyelinating diseases].		1976	183161
[effects of concanavalin a on the adsorption and penetration of paramyxoviruses into cells].	the lectin concavaline a, when added to cell cultures of chick embryos and calf kidney one hour prior to their injection with the virus of the newcastle disease and that of parainfluenza-3 in cattle produces no adverse effect on the cell receptors of these viruses. on cells treated with concavaline 60 per cent and more virions are adsorbed as compared with the untreated cells. this is explained by the fact that concavaline binds to the cellular and viral glucoproteins. virions bound to concavali ...	1976	183345
synthesis and antiviral and antimicrobial activity of certain 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-4,5-disubstituted imidazoles.	starting with aica ribonucleoside the following nucleosides were prepared. methyl 5-amino-1-(2,3,5-tri-o-acetyl-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate (5) was converted into methyl 5-chloro-1-(2,3,5-tri-o-acetyl-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate (6) via diazotization in the presence of cuprous chloride. similarly, 5-amino-1-(2,3,5-tri-o-acetyl-beta-d-ribofuanosyl)imidazole-4-carbonitrile (9) was converted into 5-chloro-, 5-bromo-, and 5-iodo-1-(2,3,5-tri-o-acetyl-beta-d-ribofura ...	1976	184281
immunoglobulins in the serum and nasal secretions of lambs following vaccination and aerosol challenge with parainfluenza 3 virus.	serial changes in the concentrations of igm, igg and iga were compared in specific pathogen free (spf) lambs which had been vaccinated with live or inactivated parainfluenza 3 virus (pi 3) by either intramuscular (im) or intranasal (in) routes followed by aerosol challenge with pi 3. in the serum, an increase in igm was associated with the primary antibody response to the aerosol challenge, whereas increased igg was associated with the secondary antibody response. no changes in immunoglobulin co ...	1976	193171
isolation of parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus from cattle diseased with acute respiratory symptoms.		1975	184703
immunoglobulins, antibodies and inhibitors of parainfluenza 3 virus in respiratory secretions of sheep.	virus neutralising and haemagglutination inhibiting (hi) activities were monitored in the serum, nasal secretions and tracheo-bronchial secretions of lambs infected with parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi3). hi activity was found in the secretions of both control and infected lambs, whereas neutralising antibody was found only in nasal secretions from infected lambs. fractionation revealed that most of the hi activity in the secretions was due to a large molecular weight protein which also inhibited ...	1975	174528
inhibition of multiplication of parainfluenza 3 virus in prostaglandin-treated wish cells.	influence of prostaglandins e2 (pge2) and f2alpha (pgf 2alpha) on multiplication of myxovirus parainfluenza 3 was investigated. at concentrations of 0.01--1 mug/ml prostaglandins had no direct cytotoxic effects. pge2 and pgf2alpha inhibited multiplication of parainfluenza 3 virus at concentrations 0.1--10 mug/ml. the inhibitory effect was most pronounced when the prostaglandins were added to medium for the whole period of virus multiplication (48 hours) while little or no effect was found when p ...	1975	174532
studies on parainfluenza-3 virus neuraminidase.	various parainfluenza-3 virus (piv-3) strains differ in neuraminidase (na) activity, some being neuraminidase strong (nas) and some neuraminidase weak (naw). no difference in the ability of these strains to elicit antibody activity to hemagglutinin (ha) or na of piv-3 was observed. samples of formalin-treated piv-3 released more n-acteylneuraminic acid (nana) than samples of piv-3 not treated with formalin when these samples were incubated with the substrate sialolactose for 16 h at 37 degrees c ...	1975	47826
[level of viral antibodies in normal and specific swine and bovine gamma globulin preparations].	studied were 15 series of normal bovine gamma-globulin, 5 series of normal swine gamma-globulin, 7 series of aujeszky gamma-globulin, 6 series of specific gamma-globulin against edema disease of pigs, 4 series of specific gamma-globulin against paratyphus, 5 series of mixoglobulin-70, and one series of swine poly-globulin. all series of gamma-globulin preparations were studied for the presence of antibodies against mixovirus parainfluenza-3 through the hemagglutinationinhibition reaction, antibo ...	1975	58467
investigation of factors of probable significance in the pathogenesis of pneumonic pasteurellosis in cattle.	six groups of ten beef calves six to eight months of age were shipped from western canada and observed untreated for one week after arrival. the following parameters were measured daily: body temperature, plasma fibrinogen, nasal bacterial mean colony counts of pasteurella hemolytica and pasteurella multocida, total and differential leukoyte counts, packed cell volumes and the following, twice during the week: serum and nasal antibody titres to p. hemolytica and parainfluenza-3 virus. the lungs ...	1975	164992