Publications

the effect of serologically defined major histocompatibility complex haplotypes on marek's disease resistance in commercially bred white leghorn chickens.	in commercial pure white leghorn lines, a, b, and c, the effects on resistance against a virulent strain of marek's disease virus were assessed for b19 and b21 haplotypes of the chicken major histocompatibility complex. b haplotypes were identified by direct hemagglutination using alloantisera raised against erythrocyte antigens. in homozygous b21 female chicks from lines a and b, mortality upon challenge with virus was 16% and 9%, respectively; in b19 chicks, mortality was 42% and 60%, respecti ...	1990	2282011
marek's disease virus gene clones encoding virus-specific phosphorylated polypeptides and serological characterization of fusion proteins.	marek's disease virus (mdv) gene clones, ra2 and ga8, constructed in e. coli bacteriophage lambda-gt11 (gt11) were identified by a monoclonal antibody (mab), h19.47, against a putative transformation-related viral antigen consisting of a complex of three phosphorylated polypeptides, pp41, pp38, and pp24. both recombinants have a mdv-dna insert of about 0.5 kb and are mapped to the region of bamhi-h or ecori-x fragments of the mdv genome by southern blot hybridization. immunoblot and immunoprecip ...	1990	1693456
latent transcripts of marek's disease virus are clustered in the short and long repeat regions.	marek's disease herpesvirus (mdv) induces tumors in chickens, and lymphoblastoid cells derived from such tumors contain the viral genome in a latent state and do not produce infectious virus. poly(a)+ rnas extracted from mdv-induced kidney lymphoma cells and from mkt-1 cells, a nonproducing lymphoblastoid cell line derived from a tumor induced by mdv, were electrophoretically separated under denaturing conditions, transferred to a solid substrate, and hybridized with labeled dna probes represent ...	1990	1700823
in situ production of interferon in tissues of chickens exposed as embryos to turkey herpesvirus and marek's disease virus.	chicken eggs at embryonation day (ed) 18 or newly hatched chicks were inoculated with turkey herpesvirus (hvt), marek's disease virus (mdv), or virus-free diluent and, at intervals after inoculation, tissue homogenates of virus-exposed and virus-free chickens or chicken embryos were examined for interferon (ifn) activity. homogenates of lung, thymus and spleen specimens from chickens given hvt at ed 18 had ifn activity. activity of ifn in the lungs was studied further. homogenates of lung specim ...	1989	2475045
induction of cell mediated immune response by nonspecific stimulator of immunity against antigenically unrelated oncogenic virus (marek's disease virus).	an enzyme treated preparation of mycobacterium phlei (nsi), induced strong cell mediated immune response (cmir) against specific as well as against nonspecific oncogenic marek's disease (mdv) in birds, as evinced by lymphocyte migration inhibition, (lmit) lymphocyte transformation test (lt) and lymphokine (lymphocyte migration inhibition factor) lyif assay. maximum cmir could be observed towards third week post inoculation. all the three tests exhibited a positive correlation. such phenomenon of ...	1989	2479599
augmentation of retrovirus-induced lymphoid leukosis by marek's disease herpesviruses in white leghorn chickens.	our objective was to determine whether the cell-associated herpesvirus vaccines used in chickens to control marek's disease tumors can augment development of lymphoid leukosis (ll) induced by exogenous avian leukosis virus (alv). various single or mixed marek's disease vaccines were inoculated at day 1, and alv was injected at 1 to 10 days, with chickens of several experimental or commercial strains. development of ll was monitored at 16 to 48 weeks in various experiments. in several strains of ...	1989	2536088
discovery of noninfectious viral genes complementary to marek's disease herpes virus in quail susceptible to cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis.	japanese quail genetically selected on the basis of atherosclerosis susceptibility were tested for infection by marek's disease herpesvirus (mdv). viral dna was detected in the atherosclerotic aortas of susceptible (sus) quail by the technique of dna hybridization. southern blot analysis demonstrated that restriction mapping of aortic dna was specific and different from that of mdv. screening of quail embryos by dot-blot hybridization detected that mdv dna existed in 100% of sus quail tested. re ...	1989	2537395
survey of vaccines and spf flocks for contamination with chick anaemia agent.		1989	2538021
influence of thymic hormone on cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in marek's disease.	a reduction in the secretion of thymic hormones, and in particular thymulin, can be demonstrated in chickens following the thymic atrophy induced by marek's disease virus (mdv) infection. in very sensitive histocompatible (b13/b13) chickens inoculated with the hprs-16 strain of mdv at 10 days of age, treatment with synthetic thymulin by daily subcutaneous injection failed to modify the time course of marek's disease (md) and did not prevent the development of macroscopic tumors. no effect was no ...	1989	2538023
immunohistological identification of both infectious bursal and marek virus antigens in the bursa of fabricius.	indirect immunoperoxidase (iip) and avidin biotin-peroxidase complex (abc) techniques were used for the detection of infectious bursal virus (ibv) and marek disease virus (mdv) antigens in alcohol and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymphoid tissues from broilers. both techniques appeared potentially useful for the diagnosis of both viral antigens in alcohol-fixed tissues, and allowed the observation of dual infection in the bursa of fabricius of the studied animals in a natural infection.	1989	2540946
structure of the marek's disease virus bamhi-h gene family: genes of putative importance for tumor induction.	the bamhi h fragment of marek's disease virus (mdv), which has been hypothesized to contain a tumor-inducing gene, was partially sequenced and analyzed for transcriptional activity. transcription of several rnas was found to initiate within bamhi-h, with the major transcripts initiating on either side of a putative mdv origin of lytic replication. a 1.8-kilobase gene family found to be produced only by pathogenic mdv was detected, and its transcription map was produced. it is hypothesized that t ...	1989	2542569
partial relaxation of enzyme-product binding by refolding of the growing chain in autocatalytic rna replication.		1989	2542802
nucleotide sequence of the marek's disease virus (mdv) rb-1b a antigen gene and the identification of the mdv a antigen as the herpes simplex virus-1 glycoprotein c homologue.	the a antigen gene from a very virulent strain of marek's disease virus, rb-1b, has been cloned and the nucleotide sequence determined. the predicted amino acid sequence showed 99% identity to that determined for the mdv ga a antigen (coussens and velicer, j. virol. 62, 2373-2379, 1988) over all but the carboxy-terminal region where the sequence diverged extensively. the divergence results from three nucleotide frameshifts in the reported sequence of the mdv ga gene which are not present in a cl ...	1989	2543160
nucleotide sequence and characterization of the marek's disease virus homologue of glycoprotein b of herpes simplex virus.	the marek's disease virus (mdv) homologue of the herpes simplex virus (hsv) gene encoding glycoprotein b (gb) has been identified within bamhi fragments i3 and k3 of the 'highly oncogenic' strain rb1b of mdv. the entire nucleotide sequence of the gene has been determined and its predicted amino acid sequence shown to share gross overall structural features with the gb genes of hsv, varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and other mammalian herpesviruses. in particular, all 10 cysteine residues were conser ...	1989	2544666
partial transcription map of marek's disease herpesvirus in lytically infected cells and lymphoblastoid cell lines.	marek's disease herpesvirus (mdv) can cause either a productive-restrictive or lytic infection, a latent infection or can transform thymus-derived lymphocytes. rna was extracted from infected chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) or from lymphoblastoid tumour cell lines. some of the infected cef were treated with 200 micrograms/ml cycloheximide to identify immediate early (ie) transcripts, and others with 1 microm 1-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy-b-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-methyluracil (fmau), an inhibitor of herpes ...	1989	2545632
pathogenesis of marek's disease virus-induced local lesions. 1. lesion characterization and cell line establishment.	subcutaneous (wing-web) or intramuscular inoculation of chickens with allogeneic normal or marek's disease virus (mdv)-infected chicken kidney cells induced local lesions visible by 3-4 days postinoculation (pi). lesions were slightly larger (p less than 0.05) in infected than uninfected chickens 5 and 8 days pi. they persisted and grew past 9 days pi only when infected. infiltrating lymphocytes in infected and uninfected early lesions were similar; they included b-cells and also t-cells with an ...	1989	2546529
the role of the reticuloendothelial system in the immunopathology of marek's disease.	the role of macrophages in immunity against marek's disease (md) was studied. chickens of one group were subjected to depletion of macrophages using repeated doses of francil amorphous silica and those of another group were subjected to activation of macrophages using repeated doses of brewer's thioglycollate broth. chickens of a third group were vaccinated with herpesvirus of turkeys fc 126 vaccine followed by depletion of macrophages. chickens of these three groups, as well as groups of health ...	1989	2549684
transplantable marek's disease lymphomas. iii. induction of mhc-restricted tumor immunity by lymphoblastoid cells in f1 hosts.	f1 chickens, which were a cross between birds of the related inbred lines g-b1 and g-b2, were immunized with in vitro cultured virus-non-producer lymphoblastoid cells that were either syngeneic or allogeneic with the challenge tumor cells. the lymphoblastoid cells were derived from marek's disease herpesvirus (mdv)-induced transplantable tumors. previous findings showed that such immunization of g-b1 and g-b2 chickens prevented early mortality caused by the tumors. lymphoblastoid cells syngeneic ...	1989	2550373
loss of marek's disease virus tumorigenicity is associated with truncation of rnas transcribed within bamhi-h.	the attenuation of marek's disease virus (mdv) is associated with loss of pathogenicity and tumorigenicity. previous studies have demonstrated a strong correlation between attenuation and amplification of a specific sequence located within the mdv terminal and internal repeats. we recently reported that the regions containing the amplified sequences, the bamhi d and h fragments, were transcriptionally active. however, differential transcription activity was observed to exist between attenuated a ...	1989	2550661
identification of virus-specific polypeptides by monoclonal antibodies against serotype 2 marek's disease virus.	a total of 41 antibody-secreting hybridoma cells against the hprs24 strain of marek's disease virus (mdv) type 2 (mdv2) have been isolated. of these monoclonal antibodies (mabs), 24 were found by immunofluorescence tests to react specifically with mdv2-infected cells, but not mdv type 1 (mdv1)- or herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt)-infected cells, while eight reacted with mdv1- or mdv2-infected cells and nine with mdv1-, mdv2- or hvt-infected cells. by using these mabs, seven classes of mdv type-speci ...	1989	2552003
studies on the pathology of marek's disease following challenge in chicks vaccinated with three different vaccines.	the pathology of marek's disease (md) was studied in chickens vaccinated separately with three different vaccines, namely herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt), inactivated marek's disease virus (imdv) and a bivalent vaccine. the md-specific mortality following challenge was significantly lower (2.0 per cent) in bivalent vaccinated birds than in those vaccinated with either hvt (5.9 per cent) or imdv (13.7 per cent) alone. the occurrence, extent and severity of gross lymphomas and lymphoproliferative les ...	1989	2555401
a comparative analysis of the sequence of the thymidine kinase gene of a gammaherpesvirus, herpesvirus saimiri.	we present the nucleotide sequence of a region from the genome of the a + t-rich gammaherpesvirus, herpesvirus saimiri (hvs), which includes the coding sequences for the viral thymidine kinase (tk) gene. the organization of genes in this region resembles the homologous region of the epstein-barr virus (ebv) genome and is very compact, using overlapping coding sequences and with nucleotides shared by initiation and termination codons of neighbouring reading frames. the hvs tk is predicted to cont ...	1989	2555434
nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of the marek's disease virus and turkey herpesvirus thymidine kinase genes; comparison with thymidine kinase genes of other herpesviruses.	in this paper we present the nucleotide sequences of the thymidine kinase (tk) genes of two avian herpesviruses: a highly oncogenic strain of marek's disease virus (mdv strain rb1b) and its serologically related vaccine virus, the herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt strain fc-126). the predicted coding regions of the two genes are 1029 and 1050 nucleotides respectively, corresponding to polypeptides of 343 and 350 amino acids in length. putative nucleotide- and nucleoside-binding sites have been identif ...	1989	2555435
enhanced pathogenicity of chicken anemia agent by infectious bursal disease virus relative to the occurrence of marek's disease vaccination breaks.		1989	2555622
homologies between herpesvirus of turkey and marek's disease virus type-1 dnas within two co-linearly arranged open reading frames, one encoding glycoprotein a.	the genomes of two avian herpesviruses, marek's disease virus type 1 (mdv1) and herpesvirus of turkey (hvt), share close homology only within certain dna regions. one such homologous region of hvt dna was cloned and sequenced. two open reading frames (orfs) were found in the long unique region, orf1 encoding the glycoprotein a (ga), and orf2 encoding a still unidentified protein. these two hvt-orfs are located at almost the same positions as the homologous mdv1-orfs. the nucleotide sequence homo ...	1989	2558972
comparison of the sequence of the secretory glycoprotein a (ga) gene in md5 and bc-1 strains of marek's disease virus type 1.	dna fragments containing the secretory glycoprotein a (ga) gene of marek's disease virus type 1 (mdv1) were cloned from the dna libraries of very virulent md5 and virulent bc-1 strains and sequenced. two open reading frames (orf1 and orf2) were identified for both strains. the orf1 has the potential to code for a protein of 501 amino acids with a molecular weight of 56 kd that contains strong hydrophobic regions in both the amino and carboxyl termini, and nine potential n-linked glycosylation si ...	1989	2559540
practical application of nucleic acid techniques to avian disease problems.	a workshop in which 17 practicing scientists participated was intended to address primarily people who use or could use biotechnology in their work and was confined to five techniques. endonuclease fingerprinting and mapping involved cleaving nucleic acid with a specific restriction enzyme and separating the nucleic acid fragments by electrophoresis. field and vaccine isolates of pasteurella multocida could be distinguished; salmonella enteritidis could be divided into three groups; chlamydia co ...	1989	2559697
a primary epidemic of inclusion body hepatitis in broilers.	inclusion body hepatitis (ibh) was diagnosed in 15 broiler flocks supplied by one breeder in the south island of new zealand. the affected flocks suffered mortality up to 30%. malaise and slightly increased mortality were noticed by growers from about day 12 post-hatch; mortality peaked in the fourth week, and, in most flocks, declined to normally accepted levels from day 33 on. gross signs seen at necropsy usually included bone-marrow aplasia, atrophy of the bursa of fabricius and the thymus, a ...	1989	2559699
in situ detection by monoclonal antibody d-35.1 of cells infected with marek's disease virus that interact with splenic ellipsoid-associated reticulum cells.	immuno- and enzyme-histochemical staining procedures were used to investigate in vivo the interaction of marek's disease virus (mdv) with splenic non-lymphoid cells. the newly developed monoclonal antibody d-35.1, which recognizes all three mdv serotypes, was used to study the localization of mdv at various times after intramuscular inoculation of 1-day-old chicks with mdv strain k. the d-35.1-positive cells were detected in the bursa of fabricius, spleen, thymus, proventriculus, and cecal tonsi ...	1989	2559702
transient depletion of cortical thymocytes induced by chicken anaemia agent.	chicken anaemia agent (caa) causes severe anaemia, loss of body weight, and hypoplasia of thymus at day 14 after inoculation of one-day-old chickens. several reports have described an enhancement of concurrent infections with f.e. marek's disease virus, infectious bursal disease virus, and reovirus. immunohistochemical methods were used to describe the immunopathological lesions of the thymus that probably form the basis of the immunodeficiency caused by caa. monoclonal antibodies and antisera a ...	1989	2560270
marek's disease virus-induced transient paralysis in chickens: demonstration of vasogenic brain oedema by an immunohistochemical method.	the presence of vasogenic brain oedema and its distribution in marek's disease virus (mdv)-induced transient paralysis (tp) were determined in genetically resistant and susceptible inbred white leghorn chickens. mdv-inoculated tp-susceptible chickens with nervous signs (9 days post-inoculation) had severe vacuolation of cerebellar white matter and associated diffuse leakage of albumin and igg. the serum protein leakage was associated morphologically with a vasculitis and intramural pseudocyst fo ...	1989	2607017
[karyometric differences in the tissue of lymphoid organs in marek's disease and lymphoid leukosis in poultry].	histological preparations from the bursa of fabricius and the thymus of chickens of egg layer hx-sl were examined caryometrically by the picture analyser microvideomat 1. the chickens were allocated in tens to 3 groups (healthy, infected with marek's disease virus and infected with avian leucosis virus). the surface areas and perimeters of the nuclei were measured and the form factor calculated. the basic statistical parameters for each sample were calculated and consequently the three previousl ...	1989	2609479
[use of nitrovin in feed and its effect on the development of marek's disease in chickens].	the effect of the czechoslovak product nitrovin, administered at a rate of 15 mg per kg of feed mixture, was studied as exerted on the growth activity, meat quality, and the development and intensity of occurrence of patho-morphological changes ascribable to marek's disease. an increase of weight gains and dressing percentage was recorded in the group of birds given nitrovin, as well as in those which had nitrovin in their feed and were infected with a highly virulent virus of marek's disease. n ...	1989	2631377
distribution and function of non-lymphoid cells positive for monoclonal antibody cvi-chnl-68.2 in healthy chickens and those infected with marek's disease virus.	immuno-enzyme histochemistry was used to study the staining pattern and tissue distribution of monoclonal antibody cvi-chnl-68.2 that specifically reacts with a subset of non-lymphoid cells in healthy chickens and those infected with marek's disease virus (mdv). functional characteristics of cvi-chnl-68.2-positive cells, e.g. antigen uptake, are determined. in the liver cvi-chnl-68.2 recognizes reticulum cells, whereas in the bursa of fabricius it detects single cells in the interfollicular conn ...	1989	2683357
immune response versus susceptibility to marek's disease.	it was hypothesized that the generation of activated t cells through an efficient and rapid immune response during the early pathogenesis of marek's disease virus (mdv) infection provides a large pool of target cells for transformation. therefore, the correlation between genetic susceptibility to marek's disease (md) and in vitro mitogenic responses of lymphocytes as a measure of cell-mediated immune competence and efficiency was tested. in one series of trials, spleen cells from strains of chic ...	1989	2784854
eimeria tenella and e. acervulina: lymphokines secreted by an avian t cell lymphoma or by sporozoite-stimulated immune t lymphocytes protect chickens against avian coccidiosis.	the role of avian lymphokines as nonspecific immunomodulators of host immunity against the intracellular parasite eimeria was investigated. prophylactic treatment of normal chickens with crude cell-free supernatants obtained from jmv-1 culture, concanavalin a (con a)-stimulated normal spleen cells, or sporozoite-stimulated immune t cells prior to inoculation with e. tenella or e. acervulina conferred significant protection. these crude cell-free culture supernatants also inhibited intracellular ...	1989	2786476
characterization of a highly transcribed dna region of herpesvirus of turkeys.	a highly transcribed dna region of turkey herpesvirus (hvt) codes for multiple species of rna. although the rna is transcribed from both strands of dna, no overlapping complementary transcripts have been detected. the complete nucleotide sequence corresponding to the cdna of one of the hvt transcripts was determined. this sequence is highly homologous to the nucleotide sequence of marek's disease virus antigen gp57-65-coding gene and appears to represent the corresponding hvt-coding gene.	1989	2792768
efficacy of simultaneous administration of marek's disease and viral tenosynovitis vaccines to day-old broiler chickens.	experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of simultaneous administration at 1 day of age of the herpes virus of turkeys vaccine (hvt) and viral tenosynovitis (vt) vaccine. day-old broilers from commercial breeders, which were immunized against both md and vt, were used. the vaccines were injected at full dosage or diluted 1 to 4. challenge with either marek's disease virus (mdv; intraperitoneal) or vt virus (footpad) was at 7 days of age. at 7 wk of age, birds were weighed, killed, an ...	1989	2813247
effect of reticuloendotheliosis virus and infectious bursal disease virus on marek's disease herpesvirus latency.	birds infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) were exposed to marek's disease virus (mdv) to determine if the establishment of mdv latency was affected by rev-induced immunosuppression, while other chickens, already latently infected with mdv, were challenged with rev or infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) to determine if the consequent immunosuppression caused a return to cytolytic infection. immunosuppression was assessed by in vitro mitogen stimulation assays with spleen cells. lat ...	1989	18679859
marek's disease virus-induced transient paralysis in chickens. 1. time course association between clinical signs and histological brain lesions.	association between marek's disease virus (mdv)-induced clinical signs of transient paralysis (tp) and brain. histological lesions (vasogenic oedema and perivascular mononuclear cell cuffs) were evaluated in tp-susceptible line g-b2 chickens in a time sequence study. the most consistent histological lesions were seen in the cerebellum. leakage of albumin and vacuolation were parallel in development with clinical signs, but preceded the clinical signs by 6 to 12 h. during resolution of signs, a p ...	1989	18679871
marek's disease virus-induced transient paralysis in chickens. 2. ultrastructure of central nervous system.	ultrastructural changes of the central nervous system (cns) were compared in inbred white leghorn chickens that are genetically resistant or susceptible to marek's disease virus (mdv)-induced transient paralysis (tp). widened extracellular spaces, containing granular material resembling protein were found in brains of tp-affected chickens. demyelination was absent in all chickens and intramyelinic oedema was rare, present only in tp-affected chickens. both mdv-inoculated tp-resistant and tp-susc ...	1989	18679872
marek's disease virus-induced transient paralysis in chickens. 3. differentiation of field cases from classical marek's disease by central nervous system lesions.	vasculitis with intramural pseudocyst formation primarily in the cerebellar white matter, but also in nuclei of the medulla, resulted in leakage of igg and albumin and vacuolation of the neuropil (vasogenic oedema) in brains from chickens with clinical signs of marek's disease virus (mdv)-induced transient paralysis (tp). demyelination was absent. chickens that had recovered from tp had a restored blood-brain-barrier, indicated by the rarity of vasculitis and vascular intramural pseudocysts in t ...	1989	18679873
kinetics of the appearance of marek's disease virus dna and antigens in the feathers of chickens.	a comparison was made of the temporal appearance of six isolates of serotype 1 marek's disease virus (mdv) in the feathers of specific pathogen-free (spf) infected birds using three assays: agar gel precipitation (agp), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and dot-blot dna hybridisation. isolate ga-5 served to standardise the in vivo pathogenicity assay, while the remaining five were recent isolates from israel. each isolate was inoculated into susceptible 4-day-old birds housed with an equ ...	1989	18679904
isolation of a reticuloendotheliosis-like virus from naturally occurring lymphoreticular tumours of domestic goose.	naturally occurring lymphoreticular tumours were found in an adult goose flock. diffuse and/or nodular lymphoma-like tumours occurred in the spleen, liver, pancreas, intestines and rarely in other internal organs. osteopetrosis-like lesions and signs of other diseases such as amidostomosis, enteritis, arthritis and air sacculitis were also observed. the tumourous lesions consisted of proliferations of undifferentiated lymphoblasts and slightly differentiated plasmablasts of the bursal system of ...	1988	18766685
[statistical analysis of the evolution of histopathological lesions during the course of experimental infection of chicken by the marek's disease virus].	the evolution of histopathological lesions of sciatic and brachial nerves, bursa, thymus and spleen was studied during a long observation period following the challenge of chicken by the marek's disease virus (mdv). factorial analysis of correspondences allowed a synthetic study completed by classical statistical tests. in the nerves the sequence of type a, b and c lesions as demonstrated.at the same time a lymphoid depletion of bursa, thymus and spleen was observed this became less severe after ...	1988	18766725
effect of immunocompetence on the establishment and maintenance of latency with marek's disease herpesvirus.	marek's disease virus (mdv) infections normally have an early cytolytic phase in lymphoid organs at 3 to 6 days post-infection followed by a period of latent infection. little is known about the mechanisms that govern latency with herpesvirus infections, including marek's disease (md). to investigate the importance of immunocompetence for either the establishment or the maintenance of latency in md, immunosuppressive treatments were applied prior to infection with mdv or after latency was establ ...	1988	2836551
structure and complete nucleotide sequence of the marek's disease herpesvirus gp57-65 gene.	the gene encoding the precursor polypeptide of the marek's disease herpesvirus (mdhv) secretory glycoprotein gp57-65 (formerly identified as a antigen) has been sequenced. previous results had localized the gene to a 4.6-kilobase (kb) segment of the bamhi b fragment in the unique long region of the mdhv genome. s1 nuclease protection experiments were used to more precisely locate the 5' initiation and approximate 3' termination points of the approximately 1.8-kb mdhv gp57-65 mrna within this seg ...	1988	2836620
turkey herpesvirus. vii. the evolution of marek's disease in chickens vaccinated at one day of age and challenged at different periods of time after vaccination.	the single comb white leghorn, the cornell s strain chickens vaccinated at one day of age with cell free herpesvirus of turkey (hvt) 100 and 1000 focus forming-units (ffu) per bird were raised in isolatores. at different periods of time the vaccinated and control chickens were reared together with chickens with clinical symptoms of marek's disease previously inoculated with jm-strain of marek's disease virus (mdv) in a separate isolation room throughout the experiment. the specific protective ef ...	1988	2837003
indications of immunodepression in chickens infected with various strains of marek's disease virus.	the effect of infection by various strains of marek's disease virus (mdv) on the immune function of 3-week-old chickens was examined. mdv strains of low (cu-2, rb-7) and high (rb-3, md-5, and md-11) pathogenicity were compared with prototype jm-10 strain of moderate pathogenicity. mortality, whole body weight, relative weights of lymphoid organs, histopathology, humoral antibody responses to thymus-dependent and -independent antigens, and in vitro lymphocyte responses to mitogen stimulation were ...	1988	2838012
the structure of marek's disease virus dna: amplification of repeat sequence in irs and trs.	the structure of marek's disease virus (mdv) dna was investigated by using southern blot hybridization analysis. a heterogeneous region was observed in the inverted repeats region, irs and trs, as well as in the trl and irl. the results of dna sequencing of the heterogeneous region showed that the heterogeneity of irs and trs was due to amplification of a 178-bp repeat sequence. amplification of irs and trs was found in viral dna from both pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains. the structure of d ...	1988	2839751
gene sequence and mapping data from marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkeys: implications for herpesvirus classification.	purified dnas from marek's disease virus (mdv) and the herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) were randomly sheared and cloned into the m13 bacteriophage. two-hundred and ten mdv and 130 hvt clones were sequenced to give representative samples of the genome sequences. the predicted amino acid sequences from these gammaherpes-viruses were compared to known sequences from other herpesviruses using computer analysis. thirty-five mdv and 24 hvt genes were identified by comparison with varicella-zoster virus ( ...	1988	2841415
identification of marek's disease virus nuclear antigen in latently infected lymphoblastoid cells.	a new marek's disease virus (mdv) nuclear antigen (mdna) was identified in two mdv-transformed t-lymphoblastoid cell lines, mkt-1 and msb-1, derived from chickens bearing tumors induced by mdv. this mdna was not detected in msb-1 cells maintained in iododeoxyuridine, which activates the latent mdv genome. moreover, it was not found in chicken embryo fibroblasts undergoing productive and cytolytic infection with mdv. expression of mdna is not related to strain pathogenicity in chickens, because c ...	1988	2843674
synthesis and processing of the marek's disease herpesvirus b antigen glycoprotein complex.	the marek's disease herpesvirus b antigen (mdhv-b) complex was previously immunologically identified and molecularly characterized as a set of three glycoproteins designated gp100, gp60, and gp49 on the basis of apparent molecular weight and immunoprecipitation with both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. immunoprecipitation analysis, previously with polyclonal and more recently with monoclonal antibodies, of infected cell lysates labeled with [35s]methionine in the presence of tunicamycin, a ...	1988	2845139
presence of natural suppressor cells in the chicken embryo spleen and the effect of virus infection of the embryo on suppressor cell activity.	spleen cells but not the thymus or the bursa cells of chicken embryos suppressed the in vitro mitogenesis of spleen cells of adult syngeneic or allogeneic chickens. the natural suppressor cell activity of embryo spleen was present at embryonation day 16, reached peak levels at embryonation day 18 and disappeared at hatch. the embryo spleen cells did not by themselves respond to phytohemagglutinin stimulation in vitro. the suppressive effect of embryonic spleen cells on adult spleen cells was pre ...	1988	2845637
a repeat sequence, gggtta, is shared by dna of human herpesvirus 6 and marek's disease virus.	some regions of the genomes of human b-lymphotrophic virus (hblv), also designated as human herpesvirus 6, and marek's disease virus were found to hybridize to each other under moderate to stringent conditions, scoring from 10 to 30% base-pair mismatch. nucleotide sequence analysis showed that a 6-base-pair repetitive sequence, gggtta (dr2), present in the irs-irl junction region of the marek's disease virus genome, was also reiterated in the hblv genome. the function(s) of such a sequence is un ...	1988	2846894
[effect of a mixed viral infection on the development of neoplasms induced by oncogenic viruses].	data are presented concerning the stimulating effect of vaccinia and herpes simplex type 2 viruses on the development of leukemia in balb/c, c57bl/6, and akr mice. mixed infection with pab-49 and marek disease virus of brown leghorn chickens was shown to increase the frequency of lymphomas development.	1988	2848364
immune response of chicks inoculated with chicken anemia agent alone or in combination with marek's disease virus or turkey herpesvirus.		1988	2848964
some aspects of lymphomagenesis of marek's disease of chickens.		1988	2848997
[isolation of the pathogenic virus of marek's disease from a flock of chickens vaccinated with the turkey herpes vaccine].		1988	2851887
rna transcripts of marek's disease virus (mdv) serotype-1 in infected and transformed cells.	rna was isolated from two strains of marek's disease virus (mdv-z and mdv-b). the virus was grown in duck embryo fibroblasts (def) for 96 hr, 72 hr in the presence of phosphonoacetic acid (paa) and 24 hr in the presence of cycloheximide added at the time of infection. with the use of dna probes representing about 80% of the mdv genome, an extensive northern blot analysis of the rna was carried out. a similar analysis was done with rna extracted from the mdv-transformed cell line msb-1. this stud ...	1988	2852415
marek's disease virus serotype-1 antigens a and b and their unglycosylated precursors detected by western blot analysis of infected cells.	the antigenic profile of cell cultures infected with marek's disease virus (mdv) was determined by the immunoblotting method using convalescent immune serum obtained from chickens that survived infection with mdv strain ga5. the mdv antigen profile in infected cell lysates could be accurately determined since this method has advantages over the immunoprecipitation method used in other studies. we studied six very virulent mdv isolates and the prototype of serotype 1 mdv, the ga5 strain. immunobl ...	1988	2852416
a gene for dihydrofolate reductase in a herpesvirus.	the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) is found ubiquitously in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. it is essential for de novo synthesis of purines and of deoxythymidine monophosphate for dna synthesis. among viruses, however, only the t-even and t5 bacteriophage have been found to encode their own dhfr. in this study a gene for dhfr was found in a specific subgroup of the gamma or lymphotropic class of herpesviruses. dna sequences for dhfr were found in herpesvirus saimiri and herpesvirus atel ...	1988	2830673
avian adeno-associated parvovirus and marek's disease virus: studies of viral interactions in chicken embryo fibroblasts. brief report.	using growth kinetics we demonstrate two effects based on interactions between the chicken herpesvirus, marek's disease virus (mdv), and the dependovirus, avian adeno-associated virus (aaav), in coinfected chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef): (i) mdv provides helper activity for an efficient multiplication of aaav; (ii) a high multiplicity of coinfecting aaav inhibits completely the growth of mdv as well as aaav.	1988	2831859
marek's disease virus-induced transient paralysis in chickens: alterations in brain density.	the presence of brain edema and its distribution in marek's disease virus (mdv)-induced transient paralysis (tp) was determined in genetically resistant and susceptible inbred white leghorn chickens. density measurements on samples from the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, optic chiasm, and optic lobe were determined on continuous density percoll gradients. at 9 days post inoculation of mdv, the cerebellums from the susceptible line of chickens were significantly less dense than cerebellums from the ...	1988	3213432
antigen a gene of marek's disease virus (mdv) detects two mrna species (3.7 and 2.1 kb) in mdv- and hvt-infected cells.	the gene of glycoprotein a of marek's disease virus (mdv) detected to mrna species (3.7 and 2.1 kb) by northern blot hybridization. these two mrna species were also detected in rna extracted from herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt)-infected chick embryo fibroblasts (cef) and from the msb-1 cell line.	1988	3245131
marek's disease virus-induced transient paralysis in chickens: electron microscopic lesions.	a study was made to determine the causative lesion of marek's disease virus (mdv)-induced transient paralysis (tp) in chickens by comparing the ultrastructure of brain tissue from mdv-infected genetically susceptible and resistant birds. there were numerous intramyelinic vacuoles in the brains of tp-affected birds. many of these vacuoles contained particulate material compatible with precipitated protein from edema. astrocyte processes often were distended with similar particulate material. most ...	1988	3376763
maintenance of marek's disease herpesvirus latency in vitro by a factor found in conditioned medium.	chicken spleen cells latently infected with marek's disease virus were cultured with and without conditioned medium (cm) obtained from concanavalin a-stimulated chicken spleen cell cultures. the expression of viral internal antigen(s) (via), which is usually associated with cultivation, was prevented or markedly reduced by the cm. this effect required the continued presence of cm, since its removal after 48 h resulted in the subsequent appearance of via. although cm contains both gamma interfero ...	1988	2460584
expression of a putative tumor-associated surface antigen on normal versus marek's disease virus-transformed lymphocytes.	various avian tumor cell lines and normal spleen cells from 3 genetic strains of specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens were examined for expression of marek's disease (md) tumor-associated surface antigen (matsa). two anti-matsa monoclonal antibodies (rph 6 and eb 29) and a rabbit anti-matsa antiserum were used in indirect fluorescent antibody tests, and cells were examined by fluorescence microscopy and with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (facs). less than 5% matsa-positive cells were obs ...	1987	3479647
acid alpha naphthyl acetate esterase reacting lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of chickens challenged with marek's disease after vaccination with three different vaccines.	the average percentage of acid alpha naphthyl acetate esterase reacting lymphocytes (aparl) was enumerated in the peripheral blood of chickens challenged with marek's disease after vaccination with either turkey herpesvirus (hvt), inactivated marek's disease virus (imdv) or a mixture of the two (bivalent vaccine). a gradual increase in aparl value was noticed in the vaccinated chickens from day 7 to 70 after challenge with a virulent marek's disease virus. the increase was consistent and signifi ...	1987	3628992
influence of the major histocompatibility complex on tumor regression and immunity in chickens.	a number of studies show that major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genes control host immune responses to viral-induced chicken tumors. the mhc gene-controlled responses to malignant neoplasms caused by rous sarcoma virus, lymphoid leukosis virus and marek's disease virus are reviewed. genes that determine regression of rous sarcomas and resistance to development of lethal marek's disease lymphomas appear to map within the b-f region of the mhc. in some cases, genetic complementation of both m ...	1987	3306646
new serotype 2 and attenuated serotype 1 marek's disease vaccine viruses: comparative efficacy.	attempts were made, through selection of optimum viral strains, to develop improved vaccines against marek's disease (md). seven attenuated serotype 1 strains and 22 avirulent serotype 2 strains, both alone and in combination with the fc126 strain of serotype 3, were screened for protective efficacy against challenge with virulent and very virulent md viral strains. the three viruses selected as most promising were evaluated alone and in various combinations and compared with commercially availa ...	1987	2831867
new serotype 2 and attenuated serotype 1 marek's disease vaccine viruses: selected biological and molecular characteristics.	two new marek's disease vaccine viruses, md11/75c/r2 (serotype 1) and 301b/1 (serotype 2), were evaluated in chickens with maternal antibodies (ab+) or without maternal antibodies (ab-). strain md11/75c/r2 was mildly pathogenic in ab--chickens, but this pathogenicity was markedly reduced in ab+ chickens. md11/75c/r2 spread less by contact and replicated better, both in vivo and in vitro, than cvi988/c, another serotype 1 vaccine virus. strain 301b/1 was similar to sb-1, another serotype 2 vaccin ...	1987	2831870
methylation of marek's disease virus dna in chicken t-lymphoblastoid cell lines.	methylation of marek's disease virus serotype 1 (mdv1) dna in both productively and latently infected cells was examined by restriction endonuclease analyses with the isoschizomeric pair hpaii and mspi. the latent mdv1 dna in t-lymphoblastoid cell lines established from chicken t-lymphomas was considerably methylated, whereas methylation of the virus dna sequences was not detected in productively infected cells.	1987	2437246
marek's disease. xvii. studies on virus induced-atherosclerosis.	marek's disease herpesvirus (mdv) specific internal antigens were found in arterial segments of single comb white leghorn, the cornell strain, and of broiler chickens infected with virulent type 1 mh-87 strain of mdv. atherosclerosis was reproducibly induced in specific pathogen free (spf) and in broiler chickens by infection with mh-87 strain of mdv. under these conditions a direct association was established between mdv infection and mdv-induced-atherosclerosis.	1987	2830714
reduced shedding of marek's disease virus from feather follicles of bivalent vaccinated chickens.		1987	2831141
[tumor disease and mortality without lymphomas following infection by marek's disease virus in highly and slightly susceptible chickens].		1987	2831831
[procedure for assessing the biologic suitability of dimethyl sulfoxide as a cryoprotective agent in preserving virus-infected primary poultry cells].		1987	2831833
restriction enzyme map of herpesvirus of turkey dna and its collinear relationship with marek's disease virus dna.	the genome of herpesvirus of turkey (hvt) was shown to consist of long and short unique regions flanked by inverted repeats (j. cebrian, kaschka-dietrich, c., berthelot, n., and sheldrick, p., 1982, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 79, 555-558). in this paper we report the construction of the linkage map of hvt dna for bamhi, hindiii, and psti restriction endonucleases. the maps were constructed by hybridization of 19 cloned bamhi fragments of hvt dna to electrophoretically separated digests of genomi ...	1987	3029976
establishment and characterization of a t-lymphoblastoid cell line mdcc-mtb1 derived from chick lymphocytes infected in vitro with marek's disease virus serotype 1.	continuously proliferating t-lymphoblastoid cells, named mdcc-mtb1, were obtained by infection of chick embryo lymphocytes with marek's disease virus serotype i (mdv1) in culture and subsequent cultivation in the presence of human interleukin 2 (il-2). the mtb1 cells have now been growing well for at least 4 months with a doubling time of about 10 hr, irrespective of the presence of il-2. the mtb1 cells show lymphoblastoid morphology, and carry t-lymphocyte marker surface antigens and a karyotyp ...	1987	3030943
analysis of marek's disease virus serotype 1-specific phosphorylated polypeptides in virus-infected cells and marek's disease lymphoblastoid cells.	by use of monoclonal antibodies, a virus-specific cytoplasmic antigen related to phosphorylated polypeptides specific to serotype 1 of marek's disease virus (mdv)-related viruses (mdv1) has been identified in all md tumour cell lines examined, as well as in infected cells and in tumour lesions of chickens with md. at least two phosphorylated polypeptides with mol. wt. 39,000 (39k) to 36k and 24k (pp39/36 and pp24, respectively) were identified in the md tumour cell line h10 cultured at 33 degree ...	1987	3033141
cultivation of avian rotaviruses in chicken lymphocytes and lymphoblastoid cell lines.	avian rotavirus isolates were used to infect normal chicken spleen cells, lymphoblastoid t cell lines transformed by marek's disease virus, an avian leukosis virus-transformed b cell line, and a reticuloendotheliosis virus-transformed line, which is a pre-b, pre-t cell line. all five isolates tested were able to infect spleen cells and the three types of lymphoblastoid cell lines, suggesting that avian rotaviruses can infect both b and t cells. splenic lymphocytes were considerably less suscepti ...	1987	3034208
efficacy of a bivalent vaccine against marek's disease.	a bivalent vaccine was prepared by combining inactivated marek's disease virus and turkey herpesvirus. the efficacy of this vaccine, compared to turkey herpesvirus and inactivated marek's disease virus separately, was studied in unsexed white leghorn chicks which were vaccinated at one day old and then challenged at 21 days old with fowl blood infected with virulent marek's disease virus. the bivalent vaccine appreciably delayed mortality resulting from marek's disease and elicited the highest p ...	1987	3035660
identification of the gene encoding marek's disease herpesvirus a antigen.	the gene encoding the glycoprotein marek's disease herpesvirus a antigen (mdhv-a) precursor polypeptide pr47 was delineated by using northern blot (rna blot) analysis and hybrid selection of its mrna with cloned mdhv dna, cell-free translation of the mrna, and immunoprecipitation of the polypeptide. the resulting piece of dna with strongly positive hybrid selection results was a 2.2-kilobase-pair (kbp) pvuii-ecori restriction fragment localized to the center of the 18.3-kbp mdhv bamhi b fragment ...	1987	3037120
immunization of chickens against marek's disease with cell-free supernatant from the jmv-1 lymphoblastoid cell line.		1987	3037562
effect of acyclovir on the replication of turkey herpesvirus and marek's disease virus.	the toxicity of acyclovir for chick embryo fibroblasts and its effect on the replication of turkey herpesvirus (strain fc 126) and marek's disease virus (strain hprs 16) multiplied on fibroblast culture was studied. the influence of using acyclovir on the development of the tumour process in birds infected with a virulent marek's disease virus was also determined. acyclovir used in doses below 12.5 micrograms ml-1 proved to be nontoxic for chick embryo fibroblast culture. it inhibited in vitro r ...	1987	3039621
experimental studies on marek's disease in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	day-old quails experimentally infected with marek's disease (md) virus of quail origin developed lymphoid tumors. the severity of the disease increased considerably with serial passage. tumor transplants could be made with cells derived from gross tumors in skeletal muscles, spleen cells, and blood from md-affected quails. after five to six serial transplants, the tumor could not be transplanted further. marek's disease tumor-associated surface antigen (matsa) was demonstrated in lymphoid cells ...	1987	3039961
delayed replication of marek's disease virus following in ovo inoculation during late stages of embryonal development.	several oncogenic and non-oncogenic isolates of marek's disease virus (mdv) were inoculated into embryonated eggs on embryonation day (ed) 16 to 18, and embryos or chicks hatching from inoculated eggs were examined for infectious virus and viral internal antigen (via) in lymphoid organs. there was no evidence of extensive replication of mdv in any of the embryonic tissues examined. levels of via peaked 4-5 days after chicks hatched. this indicated that mdv remained inactive during embryonation a ...	1987	2823773
marek's disease: a model for protection against herpesvirus-induced tumours.	marek's disease (md) is a lymphoproliferative disease of chickens caused by a herpesvirus (mdv). several effective vaccines have been developed and md is therefore often considered as a model for studying antitumour vaccines. key factors for the understanding of vaccine-induced immunity are discussed. three serotypes have been characterized: serotype 1 or oncogenic mdv, serotype 2 or non-oncogenic mdv and serotype 3 or herpesvirus of turkeys. the three serotypes have clearly different genomes an ...	1987	2825984
biological characteristics of marek's disease vaccine cvi-988 clone c1.	biological characteristics of marek's disease virus (mdv) cvi-988 clone c, of importance for vaccine application, are described. cvi-988 clone c was shown to be nonpathogenic for highly md-susceptible chickens and slightly more effective than prototype cvi-988 vaccine. during plaque purification and serial cell-culture passages, reductions were observed in the release of 'a' antigen from infected cell cultures, in spreading properties and in virus replication in vivo. pre-licensing batches of cv ...	1987	2829408
[the riems marek disease vaccine--a substantial contribution to the protection of industrialized poultry production].		1987	2829765
isolation of chicken anaemia agent and marek's disease virus from chickens vaccinated with turkey herpesvirus and lesions induced in chicks by inoculating both agents.	a disease that was characterised by high mortality, necrotic lesions, severe thymic and bursal atrophy, as well as marek's disease (md) lesions, occurred in two young layer chicken flocks vaccinated with turkey herpesvirus (hvt) at hatching. an agent similar to the chicken anaemia agent, designated caa82-2, and a virulent md virus strain, designated md82-2, were isolated from the kidneys of affected chickens. dual inoculation of young chicks with both agents resulted in early mortality associate ...	1987	18766615
similarities and dissimilarities in the structure and expression of viral genomes of various virus strains immunologically related to marek's disease virus.	various strains immunologically related to marek's disease virus (mdv) have been subdivided into three serotypes: serotype 1, pathogenic strains of mdv and attenuated or apathogenic variants derived from them; serotype 2, naturally occurring apathogenic strains of mdv; serotype 3, herpesvirus of turkey (hvt). the viral genome structures of these three serotypes were compared by a simple, practical method using total dna extracted from virus-infected cells instead of viral dna purified from virio ...	1986	2424404
monoclonal antibody to chicken fetal antigen on marek's disease lymphoblastoid cell line mdcc-msb1.	a monoclonal antibody (2h3) to chicken fetal antigen (cfa) expressed on the cell surface of the marek's disease lymphoblastoid cell line mdcc-msb1 was generated. 2h3 reacted specifically with various cells from chicken embryos, especially with fetal red blood cells, fetal bursa-derived lymphocytes, fetal liver cells, and embryo fibroblasts but not with fetal peripheral blood lymphocytes. 2h3 reacted also with all lymphoblastoid cell line cells tested: marek's disease, avian leukosis, and reticul ...	1986	2428485
copy number of tandem direct repeats within the inverted repeats of marek's disease virus dna.	we previously reported that dna of the oncogenic strain bc-1 of marek's disease virus serotype 1 (mdv1) contains three units of tandem direct repeats with 132 base pair (bp) repeats within the inverted repeats of the long regions of the mdv1 genome, whereas the attenuated, nononcogenic viral dna contains multiple units of tandem direct repeats (maotani et al., 1986). in the present study, the difference in the copy numbers of 132 bp repeats of oncogenic and nononcogenic mdv1 dnas in other strain ...	1986	2441693
[effects of blood group markers (b allele), immunoglobulins and leukosis infections on the development of marek's disease].		1986	3009129
[prevention of marek's disease by various vaccination viruses following test infection at various ages, study of pd50].		1986	3009131
tests of association of immunoglobulin allotype genes and viral oncogenesis in chickens.	chickens from regional poultry research laboratory (rprl) inbred line 6(3) are resistant to virally-induced marek's disease (md) and lymphoid leukosis (ll) and are relatively strong regressors of virally-induced rous sarcomas. in contrast, rprl line 100 chickens are highly susceptible to md and ll and are weaker regressors of rous sarcomas than line 6(3). rprl lines 100 and 6(3) differ for alleles at the igg-1 (g-1) allotype locus, but have identical igm-1 (m-1) allotype alleles. to test the pos ...	1986	3009316
amplification of a tandem direct repeat within inverted repeats of marek's disease virus dna during serial in vitro passage.	dna of the oncogenic strain bc-1 of marek's disease virus contains three units of tandem direct repeats with 132 base pairs in the terminal repeat and internal repeat, respectively, of the long region of the marek's disease virus genome, whereas the attenuated, nononcogenic viral dna contains multiple units of the tandem direct repeats.	1986	3009876
herpesvirus infection prevents activation of cytoplasmic cholesteryl esterase in arterial smooth muscle cells.	herpesvirus infection has been shown to alter the cholesteryl ester cycle in avian arterial smooth muscle cells, resulting in cytoplasmic cholesteryl ester accumulation (hajjar, d. p., falcone, d. j., fabricant, c. g., and fabricant, j. (1985) j. biol. chem. 260, 6124-6128). in this study, we attempted to define some of the regulatory mechanisms associated with the control of cytoplasmic cholesteryl esterase in marek's disease herpesvirus (mdv)-infected cells. we found that cholesteryl esterase ...	1986	3011790
identification with monoclonal antibodies of virus-specific dna-binding proteins in the nuclei of cells infected with three serotypes of marek's disease virus-related viruses.	two groups of virus-specific polypeptides were identified in the nuclei of infected cells by cross-reacting monoclonal antibodies with three serotypes of marek's disease virus. of these, a 135,000-molecular-weight polypeptide common to all three serotypes was found to bind to both double-stranded and single-stranded dnas.	1986	3012112