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expression profile of epstein-barr virus and human adenovirus small rnas in tonsillar b and t lymphocytes.we have used high-throughput small rna sequencing to characterize viral small rna expression in purified tonsillar b and t lymphocytes isolated from patients tested positive for epstein-barr virus (ebv) or human adenovirus (hadv) infections, respectively. in the small set of patients analyzed, the expression profile of ebv and hadv mirnas could not distinguish between patients diagnosed with tonsillar hypertrophy or chronic/recurrent tonsillitis. the ebv mir-bart expression profile among the pat ...201728542273
the complexity in herpesvirus entry.enveloped viruses have evolved diverse transmembrane proteins and protein complexes to enable host cell entry by regulating and activating membrane fusion in a target cell-specific manner. in general terms, the entry process requires a receptor binding step, an activation step and a membrane fusion step, which can be encoded within a single viral protein or distributed among multiple viral proteins. hiv and influenza virus, for example, encode all of these functions in a single trimeric glycopro ...201728538165
transcriptome-wide analysis of alternative rna splicing events in epstein-barr virus-associated gastric carcinomas.multiple human diseases including cancer have been associated with a dysregulation in rna splicing patterns. in the current study, modifications to the global rna splicing landscape of cellular genes were investigated in the context of epstein-barr virus-associated gastric cancer. global alterations to the rna splicing landscape of cellular genes was examined in a large-scale screen from 295 primary gastric adenocarcinomas using high-throughput rna sequencing data. rt-pcr analysis, mass spectrom ...201728493890
epstein-barr virus rta-mediated accumulation of dna methylation interferes with ctcf binding in both host and viral genomes.rta, an epstein-barr virus (ebv) immediate-early protein, reactivates viral lytic replication that is closely associated with tumorigenesis. in previous studies, we demonstrated that in epithelial cells rta efficiently induced cellular senescence, which is an irreversible g1 arrest likely to provide a favorable environment for productive replications of ebv and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv). to restrict progression of the cell cycle, rta simultaneously upregulates cdk inhibitors ...201728490592
chronic active epstein-barr virus infection associated with hemophagocytic syndrome and extra-nodal natural killer/t-cell lymphoma in an 18-year-old girl: a case report.chronic active epstein-barr virus infection (caebv) associated with hemophagocytic syndrome (hps) and extra-nodal natural killer (nk)/t-cell lymphoma (enkl) is a rare life-threatening disorder. this disease is easily misdiagnosed because of its varied presentations.201728489771
clinical and virologic outcomes in high-risk adult epstein-barr virus mismatched organ transplant recipients.epstein-barr virus (ebv) d+/r- organ transplant recipients are a high-risk group for developing post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (ptld). little data are available for prevention in the adult ebv mismatched population. we conducted a retrospective study of ebv d+/r- organ transplants performed during 2002-2014. of the 153 patients identified, 82.4% patients received antiviral prophylaxis with valganciclovir for a median of 4.5 months (range: 0.8-22 months) and 36.6% underwent viral loa ...201728489256
dorsolumbar spine epstein barr virus associated leiomyosarcoma in a human immunodeficiency virus patient. 201728488650
[two families of x-linked lymphoproliferative disease type 1 characterized by agammaglobulinemia].objective: to investigate the clinical and immunological laboratory features, mutations in sh2d1a gene and sap protein expression in four children of two families with x-linked lymphoproliferative disease type 1(xlp-1). method: four patients (family a including patient 1 and patient 2, family b including patient 3 and patient 4) and their maternal relatives were enrolled in this study. the clinical manifestation, ebv infection status and chest ct scan were analyzed. the absolute and relative num ...201728482391
emerging insights on the pathogenesis and treatment of extranodal nk/t cell lymphomas (enktl).extranodal nk/t-cell lymphoma (enktl) is a rare aggressive extranodal non-hodgkin lymphoma (nhl) universally associated with epstein-barr virus (ebv). enktl most commonly occurs in non-elderly immune competent males in asia and south america. a number of antecedent lymphoproliferative disorders (lpds) have been described in asian and south american patients, but the majority of caucasian enktl patients have no known preceding lpd or underlying immunodeficiency. other than ebv, no environmental o ...201728472613
characterizing the cellular immune response to parainfluenza virus 3.parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals, with no approved therapies. our group has demonstrated the safety and efficacy of adoptively transferred virus-specific t cells for the prevention and treatment of a broad range of viral infections including bk virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, human herpesvirus 6, and epstein-barr virus. however, this approach is restricted to well-characterized viruses with known immuno ...201728472480
immunodeficiency-associated lymphoid hyperplasia as a cause of intussusception in a case of activated pi3k-δ syndrome.activated pi3k-δ syndrome refers to a recently described primary immunodeficiency syndrome consisting of recurrent sinopulmonary infections, lymphadenopathy, mucosal lymphoid aggregates, increased susceptibility to epstein-barr virus and cytomegalovirus, and increased incidence of b-cell lymphomas. variants in pik3cd, which encodes the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform, enhance membrane association and kinase activity, resulting in increased signal tr ...201728469999
the novel negative checkpoint regulator vista is expressed in gastric carcinoma and associated with pd-l1/pd-1: a future perspective for a combined gastric cancer therapy?a combined blockade of v-domain ig suppressor of t-cell activation (vista) and pd-1 is a promising new cancer treatment option, which was efficient in murine tumor models and is currently tested in first phase i studies. here, we analyzed the vista expression in a large and well-characterized gastric cancer (gc) cohort on 464 therapy-naive gc samples and 14 corresponding liver metastases using immunohistochemistry. staining results were correlated with clinico-pathological characteristics, genet ...201728507801
human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and epstein-barr virus (ebv) related lymphomas, pathology view point.the contribution of epstein barr virus (ebv) and kaposi sarcoma herpes virus (kshv) to the development of specific types of malignant lymphomas occurring in the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) setting has been extensively studied since the beginning of the hiv epidemic 35 years ago. the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapies (haart) in 1996 has changed dramatically the incidence of hiv-related malignancies. nevertheless, malignant lymphomas continue to be the major group of ma ...201728506687
new daily persistent headache: historical review and an interview with dr. walter vanast.new daily persistent headache (ndph) is an idiopathic headache syndrome characterized by the abrupt onset of an unremitting, daily, continuous headache without an antecedent escalating headache pattern, and not attributable to other primary or secondary headache disorders. we review the history of ndph in terms of its characterization and classification, and then interview dr. walter vanast, the neurologist who initially described ndph three decades ago, to gain his perspective now that there is ...201728488355
ebv-negative monomorphic b-cell posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder with marked morphologic pleomorphism and pathogenic mutations in asxl1, bcor, cdkn2a, nf1, and tp53.posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (ptlds) are a diverse group of lymphoid or plasmacytic proliferations frequently driven by epstein-barr virus (ebv). ebv-negative ptlds appear to represent a distinct entity. this report describes an unusual case of a 33-year-old woman that developed a monomorphic ebv-negative ptld consistent with diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (dlbcl) 13 years after heart-lung transplant. histological examination revealed marked pleomorphism of the malignant cells inc ...201728487787
multiple viral infections in primary effusion lymphoma: a model of viral cooperation in lymphomagenesis.primary effusion lymphoma (pel) is a rare b-cell lymphoid neoplasm mainly associated with hiv infection, presenting as pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial effusions. a defining property of pel is its consistent association with kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus (kshv) infection, and, in most cases, epstein barr virus (ebv) co-infection. on these grounds, a review of the literature related to viral cooperation and lymphomagenesis can help to understand the complex interplay between kshv and ...201728468596
two alternate strategies for innate immunity to epstein-barr virus: one using nk cells and the other nk cells and γδ t cells.most humans become infected with epstein-barr virus (ebv), which then persists for life. infrequently, ebv infection causes infectious mononucleosis (im) or burkitt lymphoma (bl). type i ebv infection, particularly type i bl, stimulates strong responses of innate immune cells. humans respond to ebv in two alternative ways. of 24 individuals studied, 13 made strong nk and γδ t cell responses, whereas 11 made feeble γδ t cell responses but stronger nk cell responses. the difference does not correl ...201728468758
fluorescence in situ hybridization is superior for monitoring epstein barr viral load in infectious mononucleosis patients.epstein barr virus (ebv) plays a causal role in some diseases, including infectious mononucleosis, lymphoproliferative diseases and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. detection of ebv infection has been shown to be a useful tool for diagnosing ebv-related diseases. in the present study, we compared the performance of molecular tests, including fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) and ebv real-time pcr, to those of serological assays for the detection of ebv infection.201728468603
epstein-barr virus-associated gastric cancer reveals intratumoral heterogeneity of pik3ca mutations.recent whole-genome sequencing identified four molecular subtypes of gastric cancer (gc), of which the subgroup of epstein-barr virus-associated gc (ebvagc) showed a significant enrichment of pik3ca mutations. we here aimed to validate independently the enrichment of pik3ca mutations in ebvagc of a central european gc cohort, to correlate ebv status with clinico-pathological patient characteristics and to test for a major issue of gc, intratumoral heterogeneity.201728453696
treatment of primary central nervous system posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder in an adult kidney transplant recipient: a case report.posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder is a serious complication of solid-organ transplant. extranodal involvement is common; however, isolated involvement of the central nervous system is extremely rare and represents a particularly difficult therapeutic challenge with no current consensus on optimal treatment. here, we describe a 70-year-old woman who developed epstein-barr virus-related primary central nervous system lymphoma 19 months after kidney transplant. immunosuppression was reduc ...201728447926
comprehensive transcriptome and mutational profiling of endemic burkitt lymphoma reveals ebv type-specific differences.endemic burkitt lymphoma (ebl) is the most common pediatric cancer in malaria-endemic equatorial africa and nearly always contains epstein-barr virus (ebv), unlike sporadic burkitt lymphoma (sbl) that occurs with a lower incidence in developed countries. given these differences and the variable clinical presentation and outcomes, we sought to further understand pathogenesis by investigating transcriptomes using rna sequencing (rnaseq) from multiple primary ebl tumors compared with sbl tumors. wi ...201728465297
plasma viral mirnas indicate a high prevalence of occult viral infections.prevalence of kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv/hhv-8) varies greatly in different populations. we hypothesized that the actual prevalence of kshv/hhv8 infection in humans is underestimated by the currently available serological tests. we analyzed four independent patient cohorts with post-surgical or post-chemotherapy sepsis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and post-surgical patients with abdominal surgical interventions. levels of specific kshv-encoded mirnas were measured by reverse tr ...201728465156
epstein-barr virus-induced vegf and gm-csf drive nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis via recruitment and activation of macrophages.chronic inflammation induced by persistent microbial infection plays an essential role in tumor progression. although it is well documented that epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection is closely associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc), how ebv-induced inflammation promotes npc progression remains largely unknown. here, we report that tumor infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (tam) and expression of ccl18, the cytokine preferentially secreted by tam, closely correlate with serum ebv i ...201728484077
epstein-barr virus infection and breast invasive ductal carcinoma in egyptian women: a single center experience.a controversy of the role of epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection in breast carcinomas has been reported in the literature.201728462850
gastric cancer in the era of precision medicine.gastric cancer (gc) remains the third most common cause of cancer death worldwide, with limited therapeutic strategies available. with the advent of next-generation sequencing and new preclinical model technologies, our understanding of its pathogenesis and molecular alterations continues to be revolutionized. recently, the genomic landscape of gc has been delineated. molecular characterization and novel therapeutic targets of each molecular subtype have been identified. at the same time, patien ...201728462377
checkpoint inhibitors in hematological malignancies.inhibitory molecules such as pd-1, ctla-4, lag-3, or tim-3 play a role to keep a balance in immune function. however, many cancers exploit such molecules to escape immune surveillance. accumulating data support that their functions are dysregulated in lymphoid neoplasms, including plasma cell myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome, and acute myeloid leukemia. in lymphoid neoplasms, aberrations in 9p24.1 (pd-l1, pd-l2, and jak2 locus), latent epstein-barr virus infection, pd-l1 3'-untranslated region ...201728482851
cholecystitis and nephrotic syndrome complicating epstein-barr virus primary infection.epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection results in a spectrum of clinical manifestations. the host immune response to ebv plays a key role in the extent and degree of clinical features, which in children under 4 years of age are usually mild, non-specific and self-limiting. a 2-year-old boy in whom no known immune disorder could be found presented with acute acalculous cholecystitis, renal dysfunction with massive proteinuria, ascites, pleural effusion, minimal peripheral oedema and a severe systemic ...201727077634
neurosurgery and human immunodeficiency virus in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy: a review.human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is a global health problem. it renders the central nervous system susceptible to infectious and noninfectious diseases. hiv-positive individuals may present to neurosurgical services with brain lesions of unknown etiology. the differential diagnosis in these cases is broad, including opportunistic infections and malignancies, and investigation should be tailored accordingly. opportunistic infections of the central nervous system can be complicated by hydrocepha ...201727081898
epstein-barr virus and its association with rheumatoid arthritis and oral lichen planus.pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases (ad) is one of a multifactorial milieu. a genetic predisposition, an immune system failure, hormonal imbalance and environmental factors play important roles. among the many environmental factors, the role of infection is gaining importance in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune disorders; among them, epstein-barr virus (ebv) plays a pivotal role. literature states an association of various ad with ebv namely multiple sclerosis, autoimmune thyroiditis, syst ...201726980953
epstein-barr virus encephalitis with substantia nigra involvement.infectious mononucleosis due to epstein-barr virus (ebv) is a usually benign systemic viral illness common in children. many studies described nervous system manifestations of infectious mononucleosis with a wide spectrum of neurologic deficits. neurologic complications of ebv are seen in both acute and reactivate infection. herein, we describe a patient diagnosed by acute ebv encephalitis with substantia nigra involvement and excellent clinical recovery.201726962357
iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders in transplant and nontransplant settings.iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders comprise a group of lymphoid neoplasms that are associated with an immunosuppressed state, either in the posttransplant period, or during the treatment of various autoimmune and rheumatologic disorders by immunomodulatory medications. their morphologies vary widely but are generally classified according to the lymphomas that they most closely resemble. this group is strongly associated with infections by the epstein-barr virus ...201726960627
bart mirnas: an unimaginable force in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) is a head and neck cancer that represents a major health burden in southern china and southeast asia. although the close association of npc with epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection has been demonstrated, its exact role in the pathogenesis of this malignancy is still unclear. the expression of ebv-encoded micrornas, especially bart mirnas, which are encoded from the bamhi-a region of the viral genome, is detected at a high level in npc. mirnas are small noncoding mrn ...201726909566
rampant infections of bone marrow stem cell niches as triggers for spondyloarthropathies and rheumatoid arthritis.tropheryma whipplei can induce rheumatism mimicking spa or ra, but even more rampant bacterial/viral infections in epiphyseal bones could also contribute to the onset of ra and spa. indeed, as bone marrow stem cell niches are enriched in tregs and myeloid derived suppressor cells, these areas are favourable for the persistence of quiescent viruses and/or dormant bacteria. this review focuses on the possibility that such silent infections of bone marrow stem cell niches might contribute to the pa ...201726886813
patterns of pd-l1 expression and cd8 t cell infiltration in gastric adenocarcinomas and associated immune stroma.recent data supports a significant role for immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of solid tumours. here, we evaluate gastric and gastro-oesophageal junction (g/gej) adenocarcinomas for their expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (pd-l1), infiltration by cd8+ t cells and the relationship of both factors to patient survival.201726801886
lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a rare case report.bladder cancers are the second most common urogenital malignancy, its most common type being urothelial carcinoma. lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (lelc) which is commonly described in the nasopharynx is a very rare presentation in the bladder. diagnosis of this entity poses a histopathological challenge. nonetheless, the correct diagnosis is important as it implies a different therapeutic approach with the potential bladder salvage treatment protocol. we here present a case of an 87-year-old m ...201726692678
a case of mature natural killer-cell neoplasm manifesting multiple choroidal lesions: primary intraocular natural killer-cell lymphoma.natural killer (nk) cell neoplasm is a rare disease that follows an acute course and has a poor prognosis. it usually emerges from the nose and appears in the ocular tissue as a metastasis. herein, we describe a case of nk-cell neoplasm in which the eye was considered to be the primary organ.201726668579
nhl - extranodal t-cell lymphoma.extranodal nk/t-cell lymphoma, nasal type (enkl) is a rare lymphoid neoplasm that in the past has been grouped with a variety of granulomatous diseases. enkl occurs in all age groups. however, it seems to occur more often in people in their 50s and affects more men than women. it is strongly linked to the epstein-barr virus (ebv), especially in people of asian countries. because this type of lymphoma occurs in organs or tissues other than lymph nodes, it is called enkl. this is a case report of ...201726668464
molecular concept in human oral cancer.the incidence of oral cancer remains high in both asian and western countries. several risk factors associated with development of oral cancer are now well-known, including tobacco chewing, smoking, and alcohol consumption. cancerous risk factors may cause many genetic events through chromosomal alteration or mutations in genetic material and lead to progression and development of oral cancer through histological progress, carcinogenesis. oral squamous carcinogenesis is a multistep process in wh ...201726668446
extranodal natural killer/t-cell lymphoma, nasal type: a great pretender.extranodal natural killer/t-cell lymphoma, nasal type (enktcl) is a rare epstein-barr virus associated lymphoma seen predominantly in asian population with a 5 years survival rate ranging from 10% to 75% depending on the stage of presentation. in this case report, we describe an unusual presentation of enktcl, which in its early stages was clinically misdiagnosed as buccal space infection and later on histologically as inflammatory myofibroblastic pseudotumor owing to manifold reasons. postopera ...201726539376
cd5-positive primary intraocular b-cell lymphoma arising during methotrexate and tumor necrosis factor inhibitor treatment.to report a case of cd5+ primary intraocular b-cell lymphoma arising during methotrexate (mtx) and tumor necrosis factor (tnf) inhibitor treatment in a young patient with rheumatoid arthritis and uveitis.201726483672
stable persistence of the yeast plasmid by hitchhiking on chromosomes during vegetative and germ-line divisions of host cells.the chromosome-like stability of the saccharomyces cerevisiae plasmid 2 micron circle likely stems from its ability to tether to chromosomes and segregate by a hitchhiking mechanism. the plasmid partitioning system, responsible for chromosome-coupled segregation, is comprised of 2 plasmid coded proteins rep1 and rep2 and a partitioning locus stb. the evidence for the hitchhiking model for mitotic plasmid segregation, although compelling, is almost entirely circumstantial. direct tests for plasmi ...201726442178
joint involvement secondary to epstein-barr virus.we describe a group of patients with epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection and joint involvement. between february 2011 and january 2012, there were six cases in our unit. two presented with a pattern similar to rheumatoid arthritis, three had polyarthralgia with an inflammatory pattern and only one patient had asymmetrical oligoarthritis of large joints. they were all women aged between 25 and 75 (4 were of child-bearing potential). diagnosis in all the cases was made by exclusion of other possibl ...201726441062
clinicopathologic characteristics of microsatellite instable gastric carcinomas revisited: urgent need for standardization.microsatellite instable gastric cancer (msi-gc) is a specific molecular subtype of gc. we studied the phenotypes, genotypes, and clinicopathologic characteristics of msi-gc in a white gc cohort and compared our findings with an extended literature review. the study cohort consisted of 482 patients. specimens were available from 452 cases and were used for immunostaining (mlh1, pms2, msh2, msh6) and molecular biological analyses (bat-25, bat-26, nr-21, nr-24, nr-27; epstein-barr virus in situ hyb ...201726371427
the presence of human papillomavirus and epstein-barr virus in male chinese lichen sclerosus patients: a single center study.this study aimed to investigate the presence of human papillomavirus and epstein-barr virus in male lichen sclerosus patients. we extracted dna from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded foreskin tissue blocks of 47 male ls patients and 30 healthy men and performed real-time pcr test to detect hpv and ebv. none of the 47 ls patients and 30 healthy men had detectable hpv infection. ebv was detected in 18 ls patients (38.3%) and four healthy men (13.3%), the difference is significant (p < 0.05). tissue ...201726289401
the prognostic significance of ebv dna load and eber status in diagnostic specimens from diffuse large b-cell lymphoma patients.epstein-barr virus (ebv)-encoded small rna in situ hybridization (eber-ish) is a widely accepted method to evaluate ebv involvement in diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (dlbcl), although little is known regarding associations between ebv dna load and the eber status and whether ebv dna load data provide additional clinical information. in this study, we quantified ebv dna load in diagnostic specimens from dlbcl patients diagnosed at our hospital to evaluate clinical implications of ebv dna load in d ...201726177728
extranodal nk/t-cell lymphoma mimicking erythema multiforme.extranodal natural killer/t-cell lymphoma (enktl) is an extremely rare and an aggressive lymphoma. we report an interesting case of extranodal natural killer/t-cell lymphoma in a middle-aged woman which mimicked erythema multiforme. the skin lesions of this case looked like erythema multiforme due to the tagetoid lesions and mucosal erosions. the two biopsies from her chest and scalp lesions were different. one exhibited the characteristics of cd4+ cd56+ cd8-mycosis fungoides whereas the other b ...201726120182
evaluation of the association between epstein-barr virus and mycosis fungoides.mycosis fungoides (mf) is the most common cutaneous t-cell lymphomas. despite extensive studies, etiopathogenesis of mf is unknown. environmental, infectious and genetic factors have been proposed as potential risk factors of mf. herpes virus family members, especially epstein-barr virus (ebv), have been among the viral factors of interest in recent years. the aim of this study was to investigate the possible association of ebv infection with mf.201726120176
optic neuritis following epstein-barr virus encephalitis in immunocompetent children: a case report. 201726073488
ebv-associated lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the pancreas: case report with targeted sequencing analysis.lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas are distinctive epithelial derived malignant neoplasms that have a syncytial growth pattern and lymphoid stroma. the majority of tumors with this appearance are epstein barr virus (ebv)-associated. we report a patient with a clinical presentation concerning for lymphoma who was diagnosed with an ebv-associated pancreatic carcinoma with a lymphoepithelioma-like pattern. targeted sequencing analysis showed a molecular profile distinct from conventional ductal aden ...201725922198
candidate gene association studies and risk of hodgkin lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.to evaluate the contribution of association studies of candidate polymorphisms to inherited predisposition to hodgkin lymphoma (hl), we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published case-control studies. of the variants examined more than once in candidate gene association studies, we identified 21 studies that reported on 12 polymorphic variants in 10 genes. data were also extracted from a published genome wide association study to allow analysis of an additional 47 variants in a ...201726053036
cytokeratin-negative undifferentiated (lymphoepithelial) carcinoma of the lacrimal sac.epstein-barr virus-associated undifferentiated (lymphoepithelial) carcinoma is a malignancy that most commonly arises in the nasopharynx but can also occur in other locations including the lacrimal sac. generally, this tumor strongly expresses cytokeratin, making the diagnosis straightforward. in the absence of confirmatory immunohistochemistry, the diagnosis can be problematic, particularly for tumors arising in unusual locations. only 3 cases arising in the lacrimal sac in association with eps ...201725719371
angioimmunoblastic t-cell lymphoma: a diagnostic challenge.angioimmunoblastic t-cell lymphoma (aitl) accounts for 15-20% of all peripheral t-cell lymphomas. it is a rare subtype of cd4 t-cell peripheral lymphoma that affects aged individuals, causing b symptoms, generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. its pathogenesis is still unclear, but in some cases it has been associated with infection, allergic reaction or drug exposure. the majority of patients are diagnosed in an advanced stage and anthracycline based regimen is considered the first- ...201725685133
toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to epstein-barr virus-associated and -negative gastric carcinoma in northern china.various polymorphisms in toll-like receptor (tlr) genes have been identified and associated with susceptibility to various malignancies, such as gastric carcinoma (gc), breast cancer, and prostate cancer. however, little is known about the polymorphisms of tlr genes and the susceptibility to gc in northern china, especially to epstein-barr virus-associated gc (ebvagc). we focused on the association with susceptibility to gc, especially to ebvagc.201725843196
epstein -barr virus association with malignant lymphoma subgroups in zaria, nigeria.epstein-barr virus (ebv) is said to infect more than 90% of humans worldwide with latent infection for life. a recognized carcinogen, ebv is linked to malignant lymphoma (ml) subtypes of burkitt's lymphoma (bl), plasmablastic lymphoma, diffuse large cell lymphoma (dlbcl) and hodgkin's lymphoma (hl). we report the association of ebv with ml in a segment of our patient population. paraffin blocks from the archives of abuth, zaria were used to construct tissue microarray sections stained using 30 m ...201725620871
[macrophage activation syndrome in a patient with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis].machrophage activation syndrome (mas) is a rare and potentially fatal disease, commonly associated with chronic rheumatic diseases, mainly juvenile idiopathic arthritis. it is included in the group of secondary forms of haemophagocytic syndrome, and other causes are lymphoproliferative diseases and infections. its most important clinical and laboratorial manifestations are non-remitting fever, splenomegaly, bleeding, impairment of liver function, cytopenias, hypoalbuminemia, hypertriglyceridemia ...201725575650
hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to epstein barr virus and leishmania co-infection in a toddler.this is the report of an ebv+leishmanial co-infection. the patient developed hemophagocytic syndrome (hlh) and was treated with the standard hlh-2004 protocol. however, pcr in bone marrow discovered this secondary cause for hlh. in endemic countries, visceral leishmaniasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis even in ebv-related hlh, as chemotherapy toxicity may be avoided.201725511219
hepatosplenic hodgkin lymphoma without lymphadenopathy following reversible methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder.lymphoproliferative disorders (lpds) occur more frequently in rheumatoid arthritis (ra) patients treated with immunosuppressive agents than in the non-ra population. however, the various forms of disease progression have not yet been elucidated in detail. we encountered a case of epstein-barr virus (ebv)-positive atypical polymorphous lpd in the cervical and intraabdominal lymph nodes with hepatosplenomegaly in an 88-year-old female with ra who had taken infliximab and methotrexate (mtx) for six ...201725401225
tracheal epstein-barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumour in an hiv-positive patient.epstein-barr virus-related smooth muscle tumours (ebv-smts) are a rare but well recognized non-aids-defining malignancy that can also be found in several other immunosuppressed states. pulmonary involvement of ebv-smts is not uncommon, but it can present with multifocal lesions in any anatomical site. the present article describes an hiv-positive woman with dyspnea who was found to have a large tracheal ebv-smt. the authors discuss their approach to diagnosis and management, and present unique f ...201725255459
interferon beta-1a treatment in htlv-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis: a case report.here a young patient (< 21 years of age) with a history of infective dermatitis is described. the patient was diagnosed with myelopathy associated with htlv-1/tropical spastic paraparesis and treated with interferon beta-1a. the disease was clinically established as htlv-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (ham/tsp), and laboratory tests confirmed the presence of antibodies to htlv-1 in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf). mumps, cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus, schistosomiasis, h ...201725229227
molecular mimicry of mage-a6 and mycoplasma penetrans hf-2 epitopes in the induction of antitumor cd8(+) t-cell responses.a promising vaccine strategy for the treatment of cancer involves the use of vaccines incorporating tumor antigen-derived synthetic peptides that can be coordinately recognized by specific cd4(+) and cd8(+) t-cells. previously, we reported that a mage-a6-derived peptide (mage-a6172-187) and its highly-immunogenic and cross-reactive homolog derived from mycoplasma penetrans hf-2 permease (hf-2216-229) are promiscuously presented by multiple hla-dr alleles to responder cd4(+) t-cells obtained from ...201725960935
intravascular large b-cell lymphoma: a difficult diagnostic challenge.case presentation. a 69-year-old hispanic male, with a past history of diabetes and coronary disease, was admitted for fever, diarrhea, and confusion of 4 weeks duration. physical examination showed a disoriented patient with multiple ecchymoses, possible ascites, and bilateral scrotal swelling. hemoglobin was 6.7, prothrombin time (pt) 21.4 seconds with international normalized ratio 2.1, partial thromboplastin time (ptt) 55.6 seconds, fibrin split 10 µg/l, and lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) 1231 ...201726425595
role of infectious agents in cutaneous t-cell lymphoma: facts and controversies.the etiology of cutaneous t-cell lymphoma (ctcl) remains unknown, with potential infectious causes having been explored. this contribution evaluates the evidence suggesting an infectious etiology and pathogenesis of the disease, characterizes the relationships between various specific pathogens and ctcl, and discusses some of the difficulties in establishing a causal link between infectious agents and ctcl carcinogenesis. researchers have evaluated ctcl specimens for evidence of infection with a ...201723806159
epstein-barr virus-associated iris smooth muscle tumor with epithelioid morphology in aids patients: a case report.report of an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patient with epstein-barr virus (ebv)-associated iris smooth muscle tumor.201627099533
early t cell recognition of b cells following epstein-barr virus infection: identifying potential targets for prophylactic vaccination.epstein-barr virus, a b-lymphotropic herpesvirus, is the cause of infectious mononucleosis, has strong aetiologic links with several malignancies and has been implicated in certain autoimmune diseases. efforts to develop a prophylactic vaccine to prevent or reduce ebv-associated disease have, to date, focused on the induction of neutralising antibody responses. however, such vaccines might be further improved by inducing t cell responses capable of recognising and killing recently-infected b cel ...201627096949
age and cellular composition influence overall survival in a collective of non-immunocompromised patients with ebv-positive diffuse large b-cell lymphoma from a german lymphoma center.we investigated 41 diffuse large b-cell lymphomas (dlbcl) diagnosed at one center harboring ≥50% of latently epstein-barr virus (ebv)-infected neoplastic cells occurring in 34 patients aged ≥50 years and in 7 patients younger than 50 years in the absence of any known immunodeficiency for the expression patterns of ebv latent and immediate-early proteins, for the differentiation stage of the neoplastic cells, the presence of cytogenetic alterations and a possible co-infection with the human herpe ...201627122390
korean perspectives of nasopharynx cancer management.though korea is located in non-endemic region of epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection and the incidence rate of nasopharynx cancer (npca) is very low, some clinical and histologic characteristics are similar to those in ebv endemic regions. korean radiation oncology group (krog) established a database of npca patients and a few informative studies were performed, which mostly have conformed to those from the previously reports by others. large variation in intensity modulated rt (imrt) detail was ...201627121888
therapeutic vaccination strategies to treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma.epstein-barr virus (ebv) infects most people worldwide. ebv has oncogenic potential and is strongly associated with several lymphomas and carcinomas, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc), that together total 200,000 cases of cancer each year. all ebv-associated cancers express viral proteins that allow highly selective immunotherapeutic targeting of the malignant cells. a number of therapeutic ebv vaccines have been tested in clinical trials with evidence of immune boosting and clinical resp ...201627121883
immunotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer-a review.nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) is associated with the epstein-barr virus (ebv) and characterized by peritumoral immune infiltrate. advanced npc has high lethality. immunotherapy directed against ebv antigen targets has been previously explored in clinical trials, and is likely to be validated as an important target in npc as randomized data emerges in the future. cancer vaccines and adoptive t cell therapy have been explored in the clinic, with the latter showing the greatest success. recent adv ...201627121882
advances in systemic treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) is a unique disease endemic in asia. it is etiologically linked to the epstein-barr virus and is both radio- and chemo-sensitive. while radiotherapy (rt) remains the primary treatment modality with high cure rates for early stage disease, systemic treatment forms an important integral component in the treatment of npc, both in the non-metastatic as well as palliative setting. presently, standard therapy in locally advanced npc comprises conventional cytotoxic chemo ...201627121881
l-asparaginase-based regimens followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation improve outcomes in aggressive natural killer cell leukemia.aggressive nature killer cell leukemia (ankl) is a mature nk-t cell lymphoma with worse prognosis, but optimal treatment is unclear. therefore, we analyzed the efficacy of l-asparaginase-based regimens for ankl patients. twenty-one patients who received dexamethasone, methotrexate, ifosfamide, l-asparaginase, and etoposide (smile) or etoposide, ifosfamide, dexamethasone, and l-asparaginase (vidl) chemotherapy at samsung medical center were selected. the overall response rate for all patients was ...201627091029
methylation status and ap1 elements are involved in ebv-mediated mir-155 expression in ebv positive lymphoma cells.the relationship between epstein barr virus (ebv) and mir-155 is well established. ebv infection induces mir-155 expression, which is expressed at higher levels in ebv latency type iii cells compared to ebv latency type i cells. however, the mechanism by which ebv latency genes activate mir-155 expression is still unclear. here we present data showing that dna methylation regulates mir-155 expression. we also provide evidence that the ap1 signaling pathway is involved in ebv-mediated mir-155 act ...201627110708
clinical trials in nasopharyngeal carcinoma-past, present and future.nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) has an age-adjusted incidence for both sexes with greater frequency in some endemic regions, especially the southern china. genetic, ethnic, environmental factors and epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection might take part in the cause of the disease. based on the understanding and research progresses, we have had a further step among the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. meanwhile, a numerous clinical trials aiming to pick out the most suitable therapeutic choice ...201627121880
prevalence and risk factors for oral dna tumor viruses in hiv-infected youth.human papillomavirus (hpv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), and kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (kshv) may promote oral cancers, especially among immunosuppressed individuals. the aims of this study were to examine whether demographic characteristics, medical history, sexual behaviors, substance use, cd4+ t-cell count, hiv viral load, and hpv vaccination were associated with hpv, ebv, and kshv infection and viral load. multivariable modeling using logistic or linear regression examined associat ...201627096166
structural and mechanistic insights into the tropism of epstein-barr virus.epstein-barr virus (ebv) is the prototypical γ-herpesvirus and an obligate human pathogen that infects mainly epithelial cells and b cells, which can result in malignancies. ebv infects these target cells by fusing with the viral and cellular lipid bilayer membranes using multiple viral factors and host receptor(s) thus exhibiting a unique complexity in its entry machinery. to enter epithelial cells, ebv requires minimally the conserved core fusion machinery comprised of the glycoproteins gh/gl ...201627094060
a gammaherpesvirus noncoding rna is essential for hematogenous dissemination and establishment of peripheral latency.recent intense investigations have uncovered important functions for a diverse array of novel noncoding rna (ncrna) species, including micrornas (mirnas) and long noncoding rnas. not surprisingly, viruses from multiple families have evolved to encode their own regulatory rnas; however, the specific in vivo functions of these ncrnas are largely unknown. the human gammaherpesviruses epstein-barr virus (ebv) and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) are highly ubiquitous pathogens that are ...201627110595
ebv-positive diffuse large b-cell lymphoma of the elderly: 2016 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management.epstein-barr virus (ebv)-positive diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (dlbcl) of the elderly is a provisional entity included in the 2008 who classification of lymphoid neoplasms. it is a disease typically seen in the elderly and thought to be associated with chronic ebv infection and severe immunosuppression with a component of immunosenescence. recent research, however, has suggested that ebv-positive dlbcl can be seen in younger, immunocompetent patients. the diagnosis of ebv-positive dlbcl of the ...201627093913
acute acalculous cholecystitis in a lebanese girl with primary epstein-barr viral infection.acute acalculous cholecystitis (aac) constitutes 5-10% of all cases of cholecystitis in adults, and is even less common in children. the recent literature has described an association between primary epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection and aac, however, it still remains an uncommon presentation of the infection. most authors advise that the management of aac in patients with primary ebv infection should be supportive, since the use of antibiotics does not seem to alter the severity or prognosis o ...201627090538
identification of gla/se as an effective adjuvant for the induction of robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to ebv-gp350 in mice and rabbits.childhood infection with epstein-barr virus (ebv) is often asymptomatic and may result in mild flu-like symptoms, but exposure during adolescence and young adulthood can lead to acute infectious mononucleosis (aim) with a pathology characterized by swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, and severe fatigue lasting weeks or months. a vaccine targeting the envelope glycoprotein gp350 adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide complexed with the tlr4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid a (mpla) achieved a 78% reduction ...201627085175
specific expression and methylation of slit1, slit2, slit3, and mir-218 in gastric cancer subtypes.slit has been suggested as a key regulator of cancer development and a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. herein, we analyzed expression and methylation of slit1/slit2/slit3 in 11 gastric cancer cell lines, 96 paired gastric tumors and adjacent normal gastric tissues, and 250 gastric cancers provided by the cancer genome atlas. methylation of slit1/slit2/slit3 was found both in early gastric cancers, and in advanced gastric cancers. even normal gastric tissue showed increased met ...201627082735
viral carcinogenesis beyond malignant transformation: ebv in the progression of human cancers.cancer progression begins when malignant cells colonize adjacent sites, and it is characterized by increasing tumor heterogeneity, invasion and dissemination of cancer cells. clinically, progression is the most relevant stage in the natural history of cancers. a given virus is usually regarded as oncogenic because of its ability to induce malignant transformation of cells. nonetheless, oncogenic viruses may also be important for the progression of infection-associated cancers. recently this hypo ...201627068530
[molecular subtypes of gastric cancer].gastric cancer has been classified based on the pathological characteristics including microscopic configuration and growth pattern. although these classifications have been used in studies investigating prognosis and recurrence pattern, they are not considered for decisions regarding the therapeutic strategy. in the toga study, trastuzumab, an anti-her2 monoclonal antibody, demonstrated clinical efficacy for gastric cancer with her2 overexpression or her2 gene amplification. based on these find ...201627067842
epstein-barr virus-associated lymphoepithelial carcinoma after pediatric liver transplant. 201627065464
itk gene mutation: effect on survival of children with severe hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (hlh) is characterized by deadly hyperinflammatory syndrome, but data on severe hlh with multi-organ dysfunction in children are scant. the authors report a retrospective study of 8 cases with severe hlh from a pediatric intensive care unit (picu) over a 1-y period and found that epstein barr virus (ebv) -infection was the most common etiology. all patients had genetic analysis, which showed that four patients with ebv -infection had one homozygous mutation, c. ...201627056244
epstein-barr virus and gastric cancer risk: a meta-analysis with meta-regression of case-control studies.research on how the risk of gastric cancer increases with epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection is lacking. in a systematic review that investigated studies published until september 2014, the authors did not calculate the summary odds ratio (sor) due to heterogeneity across studies. therefore, we include here additional studies published until october 2015 and conduct a meta-analysis with meta-regression that controls for the heterogeneity among studies.201627055546
a nation-wide epidemiological study on the risk of developing second malignancies in patients with different histological subtypes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.risk assessment of second head/neck and epstein barr virus (ebv)-related malignancies in patients with different nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) subtypes.201627086485
epstein-barr virus glycoprotein gh/gl antibodies complement iga-viral capsid antigen for diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.to determine whether measuring antibodies against epstein-barr virus (ebv) glycoprotein gh/gl in serum could improve diagnostic accuracy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) cases, gh/gl expressed in a recombinant baculovirus system was used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect antibodies in two independent cohorts. binary logistic regression analyses were performed using results from a training cohort (n = 406) to establish diagnostic mathematical models, which were validated ...201627093005
role of ebna-3 family proteins in ebv associated b-cell lymphomagenesis.epstein-barr virus (ebv) is highly ubiquitous in human population and establishes a lifelong asymptomatic infection within the infected host unless the immune system is compromised. following initial infection in the oropharyngeal epithelial cells, ebv primarily infects naive b-lymphocytes and develops a number of b-cell lymphomas particularly in immune-deficient individuals. in vitro, ebv can also infect and subsequently transform quiescent b-lymphocytes into continuously proliferating lymphobl ...201627092119
impact of donor epstein-barr virus serostatus on the incidence of graft-versus-host disease in patients with acute leukemia after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation: a study from the acute leukemia and infectious diseases working parties of the european society for blood and marrow transplantation.we investigated the effect of epstein-barr virus (ebv) serostatus on the overall outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-hsct).201627091716
epstein-barr virus and b cells in the pathogenesis of graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. 201627091710
epstein-barr virus latency type and spontaneous reactivation predict lytic induction levels.the human epstein-barr virus (ebv) evades the immune system by entering a transcriptionally latent phase in b cells. ebv in tumor cells expresses distinct patterns of genes referred to as latency types. viruses in tumor cells also display varying levels of lytic transcription resulting from spontaneous reactivation out of latency. we measured this dynamic range of lytic transcription with rna deep sequencing and observed no correlation with ebv latency types among genetically different viruses, ...201627091426
association between hla-a1 and -a2 types and epstein-barr virus status of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder.the susceptibility to epstein-barr virus (ebv)-related post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (ptld) may be affected by the human leukocyte antigen (hla) type. we investigated hla-a and hla-b allele frequencies, focusing on hla-a1 and -a2, in a population-based case series of ebv + (n = 60) and ebv- (n = 44) ptld after solid organ transplantation. the proportion of ebv + ptld was highest in hla-a1 homozygotes (100%), lower in carriers of hla-a1/ax (79%), hla-a1/a2 (55%), hla-a2/ax (54%), a ...201627104753
epstein-barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma and specific features of the accompanying immune response.epstein-barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma (ebvagc) is one of the four subtypes of gastric carcinoma (gc), as defined by the novel classification recently proposed by the cancer genome atlas. ebvagc has several clinicopathological features such as longer survival and higher frequency of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (lelc) and carcinoma with crohn's disease-like lymphoid reaction that distinguish it from ebv-negative gc. the intensity and pattern of host cellular immune response in gc ha ...201627104020
both high and low levels of cellular epstein-barr virus dna in blood identify failure after hematologic stem cell transplantation in conjunction with acute gvhd and type of conditioning.the level of epstein-barr virus dna in blood has proven to be a biomarker with some predictive value in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients (hsct). we evaluated the impact of ebv load on survival of 51 patients (32m/19f, median age: 32 years, from < 1 to 68 years old), who had received hsct for different types of malignancies (49 cases) or non-malignancies (2 cases). the overall survival [1]was compared between patients with extreme and moderate cell bound ebv dna levels. ...201627102298
multivariate eqtl mapping uncovers functional variation on the x-chromosome associated with complex disease traits.very few studies have investigated the associations between genetic polymorphisms and gene expression on the x-chromosome. this is a major bottleneck when conducting functional follow-up studies of trait-associated variants, as those identified in genome-wide association studies (gwas). we used a multivariate approach to test the association between individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and exon expression levels measured in 356 epstein-barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line ...201627155841
a novel, rapid and efficient method of cloning functional antigen-specific t-cell receptors from single human and mouse t-cells.t-cell receptor (tcr) gene therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of infectious diseases and cancers. however, the paired cloning and functional assays of antigen-specific tcrα and tcrβ is time-consuming and laborious. in this study, we developed a novel, rapid and efficient antigen-specific tcr-cloning system by combining three technologies: multiplex one-step rt-pcr, transcriptionally active pcr (tap) and luciferase reporter assays. multiplex one-step rt-pcr with leader primers desi ...201627155153
the microenvironment of classical hodgkin lymphoma: heterogeneity by epstein-barr virus presence and location within the tumor. 201627152844
an unusual case of anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive large b-cell lymphoma in an elderly patient: a case report and discussion.we present an unusual case of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (alk)-positive large b-cell lymphoma, with rapid clinical progression, which occurred in a 90-year-old male patient. the patient presented with numerous enlarged lymph nodes in the neck and mediastinum. histopathological analysis of a single lymph node detected diffuse large immunoblastic- or plasmablastic-like tumor cells, which were strongly immunoreactive for alk in a granular cytoplasmic distribution, but negative for the expression of ...201627168806
epstein-barr virus encoded mir-bart11 promotes inflammation-induced carcinogenesis by targeting foxp1.epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection and chronic inflammation are closely associated with the development and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) and gastric cancer (gc), and the infiltration of inflammatory cells, including tumor-associated macrophages (tams), is often observed in these cancers. ebv encodes 44 mature micro rnas (mirnas), but the roles of only a few ebv-encoded mirna targets are known in cancer development, and here, our aim was to elucidate the effects of ebv-mir-bart11 ...201627167345
clinical presentation of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adults is less typical than in children.hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adults is largely underdiagnosed. to improve the rate and accuracy of diagnosis in adults, the clinical and laboratory characteristics of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis were analyzed in and compared between adults and children in a chinese cohort.201627166770
nf-κb signaling regulates expression of epstein-barr virus bart micrornas and long noncoding rnas in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.epstein-barr virus (ebv) expresses few viral proteins in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) but high levels of bamhi-a rightward transcripts (barts), which include long noncoding rnas (lncrnas) and bart micrornas (mirnas). it is hypothesized that the mechanism for regulation of barts may relate to ebv pathogenesis in npc. we showed that nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb) activates the bart promoters and modulates the expression of barts in ebv-infected npc cells but that introduction of mutations into the pu ...201627147748
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