Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| ferreting out stem cells from their niches. | over the past decade, it has become increasingly clear that many tissues have regenerative capabilities. the challenge has been to find the stem cells or progenitors that are responsible for tissue renewal and repair. the revolution in technological advances that permit sophisticated spatial, temporal and kinetic analyses of stem cells has allowed stem cell hunters to ferret out where stem cells live, and to monitor when they come and go from these hiding places. | 2011 | 21540847 |
| canine distemper matrix protein modulates particle infectivity, particle composition, and envelope distribution in polarized epithelial cells, and virulence. | in paramyxoviruses, the matrix (m) protein mediates the interaction between the envelope and internal proteins during particle assembly and egress. in measles virus (mev), m mutations such as in those found in sspe strains, and differences in vaccine and wild type m proteins can affect the strength of interaction with the envelope glycoproteins, assembly efficiency, and spread. however, the contribution of the m protein to virus replication and pathogenesis of the closely related canine distempe ... | 2011 | 21543493 |
| pulmonary pathology of pandemic influenza a/h1n1 virus (2009) infected ferrets upon longitudinal evaluation by computed tomography. | we investigated the development of pulmonary lesions in ferrets following infection with the 2009 pandemic a/h1n1 influenza virus by means of computed tomography (ct) and compared the scans with gross pathology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. ground-glass opacities observed by ct-scanning in all infected lungs corresponded to areas of alveolar edema at necropsy. these areas were most pronounced on day 3 and gradually decreased from day 4 to day 7 post-infection. this pilot study shows ... | 2011 | 21543558 |
| intranasal immunization of ferrets with commercial trivalent influenza vaccines formulated in a nanoemulsion-based adjuvant. | nb-1008 is a surfactant-stabilized soybean oil-in-water nanoemulsion (ne) adjuvant with influenza antigen incorporated into the ne by simple mixing. intranasal administration of the antigen with ne adjuvant efficiently produces both mucosal and serum antibody responses as well as a robust cellular th1 immune response. to demonstrate the adjuvant effect of the w(80)5ec ne, a killed commercial influenza vaccine for intramuscular administration (fluzone® or fluvirin®), were mixed with the w(80)5ec ... | 2011 | 21543588 |
| a new experimental infection model in ferrets based on aerosolised mycobacterium bovis. | there is significant interest in developing vaccines to control bovine tuberculosis, especially in wildlife species where this disease continues to persist in reservoir species such as the european badger (meles meles). however, gaining access to populations of badgers (protected under uk law) is problematic and not always possible. in this study, a new infection model has been developed in ferrets (mustela furo), a species which is closely related to the badger. groups of ferrets were infected ... | 2011 | 21547237 |
| measurement of fluid secretion from intact airway submucosal glands. | human airways are kept sterile by a mucosal innate defense system that includes mucus secretion. mucus is secreted in healthy upper airways primarily by submucosal glands and consists of defense molecules mixed with mucins, electrolytes, and water and is also a major component of sputum. mucus traps pathogens and mechanically removes them via mucociliary clearance while inhibiting their growth via molecular (e.g., lysozyme) and cellular (e.g., neutrophils, macrophages) defenses. fluid secretion ... | 2011 | 21547728 |
| comparative biology of cystic fibrosis animal models. | animal models of human diseases are critical for dissecting mechanisms of pathophysiology and developing therapies. in the context of cystic fibrosis (cf), mouse models have been the dominant species by which to study cf disease processes in vivo for the past two decades. although much has been learned through these cf mouse models, limitations in the ability of this species to recapitulate spontaneous lung disease and several other organ abnormalities seen in cf humans have created a need for a ... | 2011 | 21547741 |
| environmental enrichment affects adrenocortical stress responses in the endangered black-footed ferret. | potential stressors of wildlife living in captivity, such as artificial living conditions and frequent human contact, may lead to a higher occurrence of disease and reduced reproductive function. one successful method used by wildlife managers to improve general well-being is the provision of environmental enrichment, which is the practice of providing animals under managed care with environmental stimuli. the black-footed ferret (mustela nigripes) is a highly-endangered carnivore species that w ... | 2011 | 21549121 |
| a mathematical framework for estimating pathogen transmission fitness and inoculum size using data from a competitive mixtures animal model. | we present a method to measure the relative transmissibility ("transmission fitness") of one strain of a pathogen compared to another. the model is applied to data from "competitive mixtures" experiments in which animals are co-infected with a mixture of two strains. we observe the mixture in each animal over time and over multiple generations of transmission. we use data from influenza experiments in ferrets to demonstrate the approach. assessment of the relative transmissibility between two st ... | 2011 | 21552544 |
| comparative pathology in ferrets infected with h1n1 influenza a viruses isolated from different hosts. | virus replication and pulmonary disease pathogenesis in ferrets following intranasal infection with a pandemic influenza strain (a/california/4/09; ca09), a human seasonal influenza h1n1 isolate (a/new caledonia/20/99; ncal99), a classical swine influenza h1n1 isolate (a/swine/iowa/15/30; sw30), or an avian h1n1 isolate (a/mallard/mn/a108-2355/08; mal08) were compared. nasal wash virus titers were similar for ncal99 and sw30 with peak virus titers of 10(5.1) tcid(50)/ml and 10(5.5) tcid(50)/ml o ... | 2011 | 21593156 |
| developmental sculpting of dendritic morphology of layer 4 neurons in visual cortex: influence of retinal input. | dendritic morphology determines the kinds of input a neuron receives, having a profound impact on neural information processing. in the mammalian cerebral cortex, excitatory neurons have been ascribed to one of two main dendritic morphologies, either pyramidal or stellate, which differ mainly on the extent of the apical dendrite. developmental mechanisms regulating the emergence and refinement of dendritic morphologies have been studied for cortical pyramidal neurons, but little is known for spi ... | 2011 | 21593329 |
| ["snooping" analysts and the project of a rivalling journal. two little known aspects of the rank crisis (1924)]. | this paper details 1) the attempts of berlin analysts to ferret out information about rank's technique by interviewing one of his analysands, and 2) berlin plans to found a new journal called psychoanalytische klinik. | 2011 | 21598593 |
| ferret respiratory system: clinical anatomy, physiology, and disease. | the upper and lower respiratory tracts of ferrets have several similarities to humans, and therefore have been used as a research model for respiratory function. this article describes the clinical anatomy and physiology, and common respiratory diseases of the ferret. | 2011 | 21601818 |
| pyogranulomatous pleuropneumonia and mediastinitis in ferrets (mustela putorius furo) associated with pseudomonas luteola infection. | between 2008 and 2009, three pet ferrets from different sources presented with acute episode of dyspnoea. cytological examination of pleural exudates revealed severe purulent inflammation with abundant clusters of rod-shaped microorganisms with a clear surrounding halo. treatment was ineffective and the ferrets died 2-5 days later. two ferrets were subjected to necropsy examination, which revealed pyothorax, mediastinal lymphadenopathy and multiple white nodules (1-2mm) in the lungs. microscopic ... | 2011 | 21601873 |
| retinal origin of orientation maps in visual cortex. | the orientation map is a hallmark of primary visual cortex in higher mammals. it is not yet known how orientation maps develop, what function they have in visual processing and why some species lack them. here we advance the notion that quasi-periodic orientation maps are established by moiré interference of regularly spaced on- and off-center retinal ganglion cell mosaics. a key prediction of the theory is that the centers of iso-orientation domains must be arranged in a hexagonal lattice on th ... | 2011 | 21623365 |
| avian and human influenza a virus receptors in trachea and lung of animals. | influenza a viruses are capable of crossing the specific barrier between human beings and animals resulting in interspecies transmission. the important factor of potential infectivity of influenza a viruses is the suitability of the receptor binding site of the host and viruses. the affinities of avian and human influenza virus to bind with the receptors and the distributions of receptors in animals are different. | 2010 | 21337915 |
| molecular characterization of pandemic h1n1 influenza viruses isolated from turkeys and pathogenicity of a human ph1n1 isolate in turkeys. | suspected human-to-animal transmission of the 2009 pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1) virus has been reported in several animal species, including pigs, dogs, cats, ferrets, and turkeys. in this study we describe the genetic characterization of ph1n1 viruses isolated from breeder turkeys that was associated with a progressive drop in egg production. sequence analysis of all eight gene segments from three viruses isolated from this outbreak demonstrated homology with other human and swine ph1n1 isolates. the ... | 2010 | 21313850 |
| multidrug-resistant 2009 pandemic influenza a(h1n1) viruses maintain fitness and transmissibility in ferrets. | the 2009 influenza a(h1n1) pandemic called attention to the limited influenza treatment options available, especially in individuals at high risk of severe disease. neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant seasonal h1n1 viruses have demonstrated the ability to transmit well despite early data indicating that resistance reduces viral fitness. 2009 h1n1 pandemic viruses have sporadically appeared containing resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors and the adamantanes, but the ability of these viruses to re ... | 2010 | 21208927 |
| catastrophes in wavefront-coding spatial-domain design. | spatial-domain design for wavefront-coding systems frequently simplifies the defining oscillatory integral of the point spread function (psf) by means of the stationary phase approximation (spa). although the spa applies over much of the support of the psf, it tends to break down at or near the regions of highest intensity. a branch of mathematics known as catastrophe theory is shown to provide tools that can ferret out important design information precisely at the points where the spa is unphys ... | 2010 | 21173823 |
| preclinical and clinical development of plant-made virus-like particle vaccine against avian h5n1 influenza. | the recent swine h1n1 influenza outbreak demonstrated that egg-based vaccine manufacturing has an achille's heel: its inability to provide a large number of doses quickly. using a novel manufacturing platform based on transient expression of influenza surface glycoproteins in nicotiana benthamiana, we have recently demonstrated that a candidate virus-like particle (vlp) vaccine can be generated within 3 weeks of release of sequence information. herein we report that alum-adjuvanted plant-made vl ... | 2010 | 21203523 |
| a nonlethal young domesticated ferret (mustela putorius furo) model for studying pandemic influenza virus a/california/04/2009 (h1n1). | recent events have heightened the need for the rapid development of vaccines directed against pandemic influenza h1n1 viruses circulating during 2009 to 2010. the current study was conducted to establish a virus challenge dose for a subsequent ca/04 vaccine efficacy study in 3-mo-old domesticated ferrets. an additional consideration in using ca/04 in ferrets is the selection of endpoints on which to base the challenge dose, given the potential nonlethality of this particular model. four doses ra ... | 2010 | 21262121 |
| enzymatic formation of apo-carotenoids from the xanthophyll carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin by ferret carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase. | xanthophyll carotenoids, such as lutein, zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin, may provide potential health benefits against chronic and degenerative diseases. investigating pathways of xanthophyll metabolism are important to understanding their biological functions. carotene-15,15'-monooxygenase (cmo1) has been shown to be involved in vitamin a formation, while recent studies suggest that carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase (cmo2) may have a broader substrate specificity than previously recognized. in this ... | 2010 | 21081106 |
| bacterial ha1 vaccine against pandemic h5n1 influenza virus: evidence of oligomerization, hemagglutination, and cross-protective immunity in ferrets. | the impending influenza virus pandemic requires global vaccination to prevent large-scale mortality and morbidity, but traditional influenza virus vaccine production is too slow for rapid responses. we have developed bacterial systems for expression and purification of properly folded functional hemagglutinin as a rapid response to emerging pandemic strains. a recombinant h5n1 (a/vietnam/1203/2004) hemagglutinin globular domain (ha1) was produced in escherichia coli under controlled redox refold ... | 2010 | 21084473 |
| antibody responses induced by japanese whole inactivated vaccines against equine influenza virus (h3n8) belonging to florida sublineage clade2. | in 2010, the world organisation for animal health recommended the inclusion of a florida sublineage clade2 strain of equine influenza virus (h3n8), which is represented by a/equine/richmond/1/07 (richmond07), in equine influenza vaccines. here, we evaluate the antigenic differences between japanese vaccine strains and richmond07 by performing hemagglutination inhibition (hi) assays. ferret antiserum raised to a/equine/la plata/93 (la plata93), which is a japanese vaccine strain, reacted with ric ... | 2010 | 21099188 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a live attenuated vaccine against the 2009 pandemic a h1n1 in mice and ferrets. | a novel 2009 influenza a (h1n1) virus was transmitted from humans to humans worldwide. the live attenuated monovalent a h1n1 vaccine (lamv) for intranasal administration has shown promising immunogenicity and safety in clinical trials and for human use, but the experimental data based on lamv is incomplete. in this study, using reverse genetic technology, we produced a cold-adapted (ca), live attenuated bj/aa ca that contained hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) genes from a 2009 pandemic ... | 2010 | 21111782 |
| does pandemic a/h1n1 virus have the potential to become more pathogenic? | epidemiologic observations that have been made in the context of the current pandemic influenza virus include a stable virulence phenotype and a lack of propensity to reassort with seasonal strains. in an attempt to determine whether either of these observations could change in the future, we coinfected differentiated human airway cells with seasonal oseltamivir-resistant a/new jersey/15/07 and pandemic a/tennessee/1-560/09 (h1n1) viruses in three ratios (10:90, 50:50, and 90:10) and examined th ... | 2010 | 21116343 |
| effects of the new benzimidazole derivative tas-203, an orally active phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, on airway inflammation in rats and emetic responses in ferrets. | tas-203 (2-[3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-methoxyphenyl]-5-(1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1h-benzimidazole, cas 223909-92-0) is a novel phosphodiesterase 4 (pde4) inhibitor that has been found to have good anti-inflammatory effects and low emetogenic activity in vivo. in the present studies, the anti-inflammatory profile of tas-203 was examined and compared with that of cilomilast (cas 153259-65-5), the most advanced pde4 inhibitor. tas-203 inhibited the activity of purified human pde4 with an ic50 value of ... | 2010 | 21117500 |
| a novel sequence-based antigenic distance measure for h1n1, with application to vaccine effectiveness and the selection of vaccine strains. | h1n1 influenza causes substantial seasonal illness and was the subtype of the 2009 influenza pandemic. precise measures of antigenic distance between the vaccine and circulating virus strains help researchers design influenza vaccines with high vaccine effectiveness. we here introduce a sequence-based method to predict vaccine effectiveness in humans. historical epidemiological data show that this sequence-based method is as predictive of vaccine effectiveness as hemagglutination inhibition assa ... | 2010 | 21123189 |
| pathogenesis and transmission of triple-reassortant swine h1n1 influenza viruses isolated before the 2009 h1n1 pandemic. | the 2009 h1n1 pandemic influenza virus represents the greatest incidence of human infection with an influenza virus of swine origin to date. moreover, triple-reassortant swine (trs) h1n1 viruses, which share similar host and lineage origins with 2009 h1n1 viruses, have been responsible for sporadic human cases since 2005. similar to 2009 h1n1 viruses, trs viruses are capable of causing severe disease in previously healthy individuals and frequently manifest with gastrointestinal symptoms; howeve ... | 2010 | 21123386 |
| genetic immunization in the lung induces potent local and systemic immune responses. | successful vaccination against respiratory infections requires elicitation of high levels of potent and durable humoral and cellular responses in the lower airways. to accomplish this goal, we used a fine aerosol that targets the entire lung surface through normal respiration to deliver replication-incompetent recombinant adenoviral vectors expressing gene products from several infectious pathogens. we show that this regimen induced remarkably high and stable lung t-cell responses in nonhuman pr ... | 2010 | 21135247 |
| pandemic influenza 1918 h1n1 and 1968 h3n2 dna vaccines induce cross-reactive immunity in ferrets against infection with viruses drifted for decades. | alternative influenza vaccines and vaccine production forms are needed as the conventional protein vaccines do not induce broad cross-reactivity against drifted strains. furthermore, fast vaccine production is especially important in a pandemic situation, and broader vaccine reactivity would diminish the need for frequent change in the vaccine formulations. | 2010 | 21138536 |
| seasonal influenza vaccination and the risk of infection with pandemic influenza: a possible illustration of non-specific temporary immunity following infection. | four canadian studies have suggested that receipt of seasonal influenza vaccine increased the risk of laboratory-confirmed infection with 2009 pandemic influenza a(h1n1). during the influenza season of 2009 in victoria, australia, this virus comprised 97% of all circulating influenza viruses for which sub-typing was available. we found no evidence that seasonal influenza vaccine increased the risk of, or provided protection against, infection with the pandemic virus. ferret experiments have sugg ... | 2010 | 21144441 |
| a motion direction map in macaque v2. | in mammals, the perception of motion starts with direction-selective neurons in the visual cortex. despite numerous studies in monkey primary and second visual cortex (v1 and v2), there has been no evidence of direction maps in these areas. in the present study, we used optical imaging methods to study the organization of motion response in macaque v1 and v2. in contrast to the findings in other mammals (e.g., cats and ferrets), we found no direction maps in macaque v1. robust direction maps, ho ... | 2010 | 21145011 |
| activation of phenotypically-distinct neuronal subpopulations of the rat amygdala following exposure to predator odor. | exposure of rats to an odor of a predator can elicit an innate fear response. in addition, such exposure has been shown to activate limbic brain regions such as the amygdala. however, there is a paucity of data on the phenotypic characteristics of the activated amygdalar neurons following predator odor exposure. in the current experiments, rats were exposed to cloth which contained either ferret odor, butyric acid, or no odor for 30 min. ferret odor-exposed rats displayed an increase in defensiv ... | 2010 | 21146592 |
| [study on the status of infection and distribution of rabies virus in china.] | objective: to investigate the status of infection and distribution of rabies virus (rv) in different epidemic areas in china. methods: brain specimens from animals and suspected patients were collected at the districts of high-, medium- and low incidence rates of human rabies and detected by both direct immunofluorescence assay (dfa) and rt-pcr. results: 254 of 3007 specimens of dog brains showed rv positive by dfa (positive rate of 8.4%). among these 254 samples, 78 showed positive (positive ra ... | 2010 | 21163029 |
| feasibility of reconstructed ancestral h5n1 influenza viruses for cross-clade protective vaccine development. | since the reemergence of highly pathogenic h5n1 influenza viruses in humans in 2003, these viruses have spread throughout avian species in asia, europe, and africa. their sustained circulation has resulted in the evolution of phylogenetically diverse lineages. viruses from these lineages show considerable antigenic variation, which has confounded vaccine planning efforts. we reconstructed ancestral protein sequences at several nodes of the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) gene phylogeni ... | 2010 | 21173241 |
| production and antigenic properties of influenza virus from suspension mdck-siat7e cells in a bench-scale bioreactor. | in efforts to overcome limitations associated with egg-based influenza vaccines, mammalian cell substrates have gradually emerged as potential production platforms. recently, a suspension madin darby canine kidney (mdck) cell line for influenza virus production was created by expressing the human siat7e gene. to examine the broad susceptibility of this novel cell line, the scalability of the production process, and the antigenic stability of cell-derived progeny viruses, infection experiments us ... | 2010 | 20800699 |
| natural cases of 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza a virus in pet ferrets. | respiratory swab samples were collected from 5 pet ferrets (mustela putorius furo) exhibiting influenza-like illness. the ferrets represented 3 households in 2 states. in each case, the owners reported influenza-like illness in themselves or family members prior to the onset of a similar illness in the ferrets. real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays designed for the detection of the 2009 h1n1 influenza a virus were conducted in the state animal health laboratories. the ... | 2010 | 20807944 |
| a live attenuated h7n7 candidate vaccine virus induces neutralizing antibody that confers protection from challenge in mice, ferrets, and monkeys. | a live attenuated h7n7 candidate vaccine virus was generated by reverse genetics using the modified hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) genes of highly pathogenic (hp) a/netherlands/219/03 (nl/03) (h7n7) wild-type (wt) virus and the six internal protein genes of the cold-adapted (ca) a/ann arbor/6/60 ca (aa ca) (h2n2) virus. the reassortant h7n7 nl/03 ca vaccine virus was temperature sensitive and attenuated in mice, ferrets, and african green monkeys (agms). intranasal (i.n.) administrati ... | 2010 | 20810733 |
| p/q and n channels control baseline and spike-triggered calcium levels in neocortical axons and synaptic boutons. | cortical axons contain a diverse range of voltage-activated ion channels, including ca(2+) currents. interestingly, ca(2+) channels are not only located at presynaptic terminals, but also in the axon initial segment (ais), suggesting a potentially important role in the regulation of action potential generation and neuronal excitability. here, using two-photon microscopy and whole-cell patch-clamp recording, we examined the properties and role of calcium channels located in the ais and presynapti ... | 2010 | 20810905 |
| influenza enhances susceptibility to natural acquisition of and disease due to streptococcus pneumoniae in ferrets. | the role of respiratory viruses in the transmission of streptococcus pneumoniae is poorly understood. key questions, such as which serotypes are most fit for transmission and disease and whether influenza virus alters these parameters in a serotype-specific manner, have not been adequately studied. in a novel model of transmission in ferrets, we demonstrated that pneumococcal transmission and disease were enhanced if donors had previously been infected with influenza virus. bacterial titers in n ... | 2010 | 20822454 |
| use of a business excellence model to improve conservation programs. | the current shortfall in effectiveness within conservation biology is illustrated by increasing interest in "evidence-based conservation," whose proponents have identified the need to benchmark conservation initiatives against actions that lead to proven positive effects. the effectiveness of conservation policies, approaches, and evaluation is under increasing scrutiny, and in these areas models of excellence used in business could prove valuable. typically, conservation programs require years ... | 2010 | 20825449 |
| nasal turbinate enlargement due to cartilage and bone proliferation: a normal developmental finding in young ferrets. | toxicity studies of intranasally administered, live attenuated influenza virus vaccine candidates conducted in male and female ferrets led to the microscopic observation of individual differences in the size of nasal turbinates, especially in the dorsal aspect of the nasal cavity. the association of these enlarged turbinates with acute to subacute inflammation, which is sometimes common in ferrets given live attenuated influenza virus vaccine candidates, led to this detailed microscopic evaluati ... | 2010 | 20837975 |
| immune-mediated pure red cell aplasia in a domestic ferret. | an 8-month-old spayed female domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo) was referred for examination to determine the cause of lethargy and severe anemia. | 2010 | 20839993 |
| exotic mammal diagnostic endoscopy and endosurgery. | despite the extensive use of endoscopy in avian and domestic animal practice, inclusion of exotic mammals (rabbits, rodents, ferrets, and so forth) in the endoscopist's case load is a much more recent phenomenon. initially used as a means for the detailed evaluation of the oral cavity, rigid endoscopy has also become invaluable for the evaluation of the nasal cavity, urogenital tract, and increasingly for laparoscopic procedures. this article summarizes the most common procedures used by the aut ... | 2010 | 20381776 |
| in vitro assessment of attachment pattern and replication efficiency of h5n1 influenza a viruses with altered receptor specificity. | the continuous circulation of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 virus has been a cause of great concern. the possibility of this virus acquiring specificity for the human influenza a virus receptor, alpha2,6-linked sialic acids (sa), and being able to transmit efficiently among humans is a constant threat to human health. different studies have described amino acid substitutions in hemagglutinin (ha) of clinical hpai h5n1 isolates or that were introduced experimentally that resul ... | 2010 | 20392847 |
| development of an acute and highly pathogenic nonhuman primate model of nipah virus infection. | nipah virus (niv) is an enigmatic emerging pathogen that causes severe and often fatal neurologic and/or respiratory disease in both animals and humans. amongst people, case fatality rates range between 40 and 75 percent and there are no vaccines or treatments approved for human use. guinea pigs, hamsters, cats, ferrets, pigs and most recently squirrel monkeys (new world monkey) have been evaluated as animal models of human niv infection, and with the exception of the ferret, no model recapitula ... | 2010 | 20502528 |
| evaluation of replication and cross-reactive antibody responses of h2 subtype influenza viruses in mice and ferrets. | h2 influenza viruses have not circulated in humans since 1968, and therefore a large segment of the population would likely be susceptible to infection should h2 influenza viruses reemerge. the development of an h2 pandemic influenza virus vaccine candidate should therefore be considered a priority in pandemic influenza preparedness planning. we selected a group of geographically and temporally diverse wild-type h2 influenza viruses and evaluated the kinetics of replication and compared the abil ... | 2010 | 20504935 |
| establishment and characterization of a madin-darby canine kidney reporter cell line for influenza a virus assays. | influenza virus diagnosis has traditionally relied on virus isolation in chicken embryo or cell cultures. many laboratories have adopted rapid molecular methods for detection of influenza viruses and discontinued routine utilization of the relatively slow viral culture methods. we describe an influenza a virus reporter cell line that contributes to more efficient viral detection in cell culture. madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells were engineered to constitutively produce an influenza virus g ... | 2010 | 20504984 |
| the receptor-binding domain of influenza virus hemagglutinin produced in escherichia coli folds into its native, immunogenic structure. | the hemagglutinin (ha) surface glycoprotein promotes influenza virus entry and is the key protective antigen in natural immunity and vaccines. the ha protein is a trimeric envelope glycoprotein consisting of a globular receptor-binding domain (ha-rbd) that is inserted into a membrane fusion-mediating stalk domain. similar to other class i viral fusion proteins, the fusogenic stalk domain spontaneously refolds into its postfusion conformation when expressed in isolation, consistent with this doma ... | 2010 | 21068239 |
| ferrets develop fatal influenza after inhaling small particle aerosols of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus a/vietnam/1203/2004 (h5n1). | there is limited knowledge about the potential routes for h5n1 influenza virus transmission to and between humans, and it is not clear whether humans can be infected through inhalation of aerosolized h5n1 virus particles. ferrets are often used as a animal model for humans in influenza pathogenicity and transmissibility studies. in this manuscript, a nose-only bioaerosol inhalation exposure system that was recently developed and validated was used in an inhalation exposure study of aerosolized a ... | 2010 | 20843329 |
| virulence-associated substitution d222g in the hemagglutinin of 2009 pandemic influenza a(h1n1) virus affects receptor binding. | the clinical impact of the 2009 pandemic influenza a(h1n1) virus (pdmh1n1) has been relatively low. however, amino acid substitution d222g in the hemagglutinin of pdmh1n1 has been associated with cases of severe disease and fatalities. d222g was introduced in a prototype pdmh1n1 by reverse genetics, and the effect on virus receptor binding, replication, antigenic properties, and pathogenesis and transmission in animal models was investigated. pdmh1n1 with d222g caused ocular disease in mice with ... | 2010 | 20844044 |
| immunohistochemical parcellation of the ferret (mustela putorius) visual cortex reveals substantial homology with the cat (felis catus). | electrophysiological mapping of the adult ferret visual cortex has until now determined the existence of 12 retinotopically distinct areas; however, in the cat, another member of the carnivora, 20 distinct visual areas have been identified by using retinotopic mapping and immunolabeling. in the present study, the immunohistochemical approach to demarcate the areal boundaries of the adult ferret visual cortex was applied in order to overcome the difficulties in accessing the sulcal surfaces of a ... | 2010 | 20853515 |
| the ha and ns genes of human h5n1 influenza a virus contribute to high virulence in ferrets. | highly pathogenic h5n1 influenza a viruses have spread across asia, europe, and africa. more than 500 cases of h5n1 virus infection in humans, with a high lethality rate, have been reported. to understand the molecular basis for the high virulence of h5n1 viruses in mammals, we tested the virulence in ferrets of several h5n1 viruses isolated from humans and found a/vietnam/ut3062/04 (ut3062) to be the most virulent and a/vietnam/ut3028/03 (ut3028) to be avirulent in this animal model. we then ge ... | 2010 | 20862325 |
| characterization of oseltamivir-resistant 2009 h1n1 pandemic influenza a viruses. | influenza viruses resistant to antiviral drugs emerge frequently. not surprisingly, the widespread treatment in many countries of patients infected with 2009 pandemic influenza a (h1n1) viruses with the neuraminidase (na) inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir has led to the emergence of pandemic strains resistant to these drugs. sporadic cases of pandemic influenza have been associated with mutant viruses possessing a histidine-to-tyrosine substitution at position 274 (h274y) in the na, a mutatio ... | 2010 | 20865125 |
| detection and molecular characterization of mycobacterium celatum as a cause of splenitis in a domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo). | mycobacterium celatum is a slow growing non-tuberculous mycobacterium described mainly as occurring in human patients. only two cases of infection with this pathogen have been reported previously in animals. a 5-year-old, neutered male ferret was presented with progressive weight loss and muscle atrophy. pale mucous membranes, slight alopecia of the tail and splenomegaly, confirmed by abdominal ultrasound, were observed. fine-needle aspirations of the spleen revealed extramedullary haematopoiesi ... | 2010 | 20880545 |
| predator odor avoidance as a rodent model of anxiety: learning-mediated consequences beyond the initial exposure. | prey animals such as rats display innate defensive responses when exposed to the odor of a predator, providing a valuable means of studying the neurobiology of anxiety. while the unconditioned behavioral and neural responses to a single predator odor exposure have been well documented, the paradigm can also be used to study learning-dependent adaptations that occur following repeated exposure to a stressor or associated stimuli. in developing preclinical models for human anxiety disorders this i ... | 2010 | 20884366 |
| a new method to measure cortical growth in the developing brain. | folding of the cerebral cortex is a critical phase of brain development in higher mammals but the biomechanics of folding remain incompletely understood. during folding, the growth of the cortical surface is heterogeneous and anisotropic. we developed and applied a new technique to measure spatial and directional variations in surface growth from longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (mri) studies of a single animal or human subject. mri provides high resolution 3d image volumes of the brain a ... | 2010 | 20887014 |
| classical swine h1n1 influenza viruses confer cross protection from swine-origin 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza virus infection in mice and ferrets. | the hemagglutinin of the 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza virus is a derivative of and is antigenically related to classical swine but not to seasonal human h1n1 viruses. we compared the a/california/7/2009 (ca/7/09) virus recommended by the who as the reference virus for vaccine development, with two classical swine influenza viruses a/swine/iowa/31 (sw/ia/31) and a/new jersey/8/1976 (nj/76) to establish the extent of immunologic cross-reactivity and cross-protection in animal models. primary infec ... | 2010 | 20926110 |
| ns-based live attenuated h1n1 pandemic vaccines protect mice and ferrets. | although vaccines against influenza a virus are the most effective method to combat infection, it is clear that their production needs to be accelerated and their efficacy improved. we generated live attenuated human influenza a vaccines (laivs) by rationally engineering mutations directly into the genome of a pandemic-h1n1 virus. two laivs (ns1-73 and ns1-126) were based on the success of laivs for animal influenza a viruses. a third candidate (nsδ5) is a unique ns-mutant that has never been us ... | 2010 | 20934458 |
| feasibility of single-shot h5n1 influenza vaccine in ferrets, macaques and rabbits. | the feasibility of a single-shot, low-dose vaccination against pandemic influenza was investigated. the immunogenicity and safety of whole inactivated, cell culture-derived h5n1 virus plus covaccine ht™ as adjuvant was tested in various animal species. in ferrets, doses of 4.0 and 7.5 μg h5n1 (nibrg-14; a/vietnam/1194/04; clade 1) without adjuvant gave low geometric mean haemagglutination inhibition (hi) titres (gmts) of 21-65 three weeks after intramuscular (im) injection. the addition of 0.25- ... | 2010 | 20950729 |
| rapid detection of the pandemic 2009 h1n1 virus m gene by real-time and gel-based rt-pcr assays. | since the first pandemic 2009 h1n1 (ph1n1) virus was isolated from humans, it has also been detected in other mammalian (pigs, cats, dogs, ferrets) and avian (turkey) species, most likely because of cross-species transmission from humans. the ph1n1 contains six genes derived from swine influenza viruses (sivs) currently circulating in north america of human- (pb1), avian- (pb2, pa), and swine- (ha, np, and ns) origin and two genes (na and m) derived from eurasian sivs. the novel genetic composit ... | 2010 | 20958934 |
| contemporary seasonal influenza a (h1n1) virus infection primes for a more robust response to split inactivated pandemic influenza a (h1n1) virus vaccination in ferrets. | human influenza pandemics occur when influenza viruses to which the population has little or no immunity emerge and acquire the ability to achieve human-to-human transmission. in april 2009, cases of a novel h1n1 influenza virus in children in the southwestern united states were reported. it was retrospectively shown that these cases represented the spread of this virus from an ongoing outbreak in mexico. the emergence of the pandemic led to a number of national vaccination programs. surprisingl ... | 2010 | 20962210 |
| characterization of vocal fold scar formation, prophylaxis, and treatment using animal models. | to review recent literature on animal models used to study the pathogenesis, detection, prevention, and treatment of vocal fold scarring. animal work is critical to studying vocal fold scarring because it is the only way to conduct systematic research on the biomechanical properties of the layered structure of the vocal fold lamina propria, and therefore develop reliable prevention and treatment strategies for this complex clinical problem. | 2010 | 20962643 |
| epidural anesthesia and analgesia in ferrets. | anesthesia and analgesia should be provided to ferrets that are undergoing potentially painful surgical procedures. the epidural route of administration for anesthetic or analgesic drugs can be used. this column outlines the relevant ferret anatomy, indications and contraindications and technique of epidural administration of anesthesia and analgesia in ferrets. | 2010 | 20962759 |
| early gene expression events in ferrets in response to sars coronavirus infection versus direct interferon-alpha2b stimulation. | type i interferons (ifns) are essential to the clearance of viral diseases, however, a clear distinction between genes upregulated by direct virus-cell interactions and genes upregulated by secondary ifn production has not been made. here, we investigated differential gene regulation in ferrets upon subcutaneous administration of ifn-α2b and during sars-cov infection. in vivo experiments revealed that ifn-α2b causes stat1 phosphorylation and upregulation of abundant ifn response genes (irgs), ch ... | 2010 | 21035159 |
| replication and pathogenesis of the pandemic (h1n1) 2009 influenza virus in mammalian models. | this study aimed to characterize the replication and pathogenic properties of a korean pandemic (h1n1) 2009 influenza virus isolate in ferrets and mice. ferrets infected with a/korea/01/2009 (h1n1) virus showed mild clinical signs. the virus replicated well in lungs and slightly in brains with no replication in any other organs. severe bronchopneumonia and thickening of alveolar walls were detected in the lungs. viral antigens were detected in the bronchiolar epithelial cells, in peribronchial g ... | 2010 | 21046344 |
| diffusion tensor imaging detects early cerebral cortex abnormalities in neuronal architecture induced by bilateral neonatal enucleation: an experimental model in the ferret. | diffusion tensor imaging (dti) is a technique that non-invasively provides quantitative measures of water translational diffusion, including fractional anisotropy (fa), that are sensitive to the shape and orientation of cellular elements, such as axons, dendrites and cell somas. for several neurodevelopmental disorders, histopathological investigations have identified abnormalities in the architecture of pyramidal neurons at early stages of cerebral cortex development. to assess the potential ca ... | 2010 | 21048904 |
| universality in the evolution of orientation columns in the visual cortex. | the brain's visual cortex processes information concerning form, pattern, and motion within functional maps that reflect the layout of neuronal circuits. we analyzed functional maps of orientation preference in the ferret, tree shrew, and galago--three species separated since the basal radiation of placental mammals more than 65 million years ago--and found a common organizing principle. a symmetry-based class of models for the self-organization of cortical networks predicts all essential featur ... | 2010 | 21051599 |
| populations of radial glial cells respond differently to reelin and neuregulin1 in a ferret model of cortical dysplasia. | radial glial cells play an essential role during corticogenesis through their function as neural precursors and guides of neuronal migration. both reelin and neuregulin1 (nrg1) maintain the radial glial scaffold; they also induce expression of brain lipid binding protein (blbp), a well known marker of radial glia. although radial glia in normal ferrets express both vimentin and blbp, this coexpression diverges at p3; vimentin is expressed in the radial glial processes, while blbp appears in cell ... | 2010 | 21060844 |
| [recent developments in sars vaccine studies.] | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) caused thousands of human infections worldwide and hundreds of deaths in just a few months. evidence indicates that sars coronavirus (sars-cov) has been circulating from animals to humans since before the 2002-2003 outbreak, suggesting that another pandemic may occur. this possibility has focused continuous action on sars vaccine research. inactivated vaccines, viral and bacterial vector vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines, subunit vaccines, dna vaccin ... | 2010 | 21064002 |
| [effect of the 5-ht3 receptor antagonist granisetron on estramustine phosphate sodium (estracyt)-induced emesis in ferrets]. | estracyt(r) is an antimitotic drug used for the treatment of prostate cancer, and its most common adverse effects are nausea and vomiting. in this study, we investigated the effect of a 5-ht3 receptor antagonist, granisetron, on emesis induced in ferrets by estramustine phosphate sodium (emp), the active ingredient of estracyt. to clarify the mechanism of action of emp-induced emesis, we also investigated the effect of emp on the release of serotonin (5-ht) in the isolated rat ileum. emp (3 mg/k ... | 2010 | 20724808 |
| using electron beam radiation to simulate the dose distribution for whole body solar particle event proton exposure. | as a part of the near solar system exploration program, astronauts may receive significant total body proton radiation exposures during a solar particle event (spe). in the center for acute radiation research (carr), symptoms of the acute radiation sickness syndrome induced by conventional radiation are being compared to those induced by spe-like proton radiation, to determine the relative biological effectiveness (rbe) of spe protons. in an spe, the astronaut's whole body will be exposed to rad ... | 2010 | 20725839 |
| viremia associated with fatal outcomes in ferrets infected with avian h5n1 influenza virus. | avian h5n1 influenza viruses cause severe disease and high mortality in infected humans. however, tissue tropism and underlying pathogenesis of h5n1 virus infection in humans needs further investigation. the objective of this work was to study viremia, tissue tropism and disease pathogenesis of h5n1 virus infection in the susceptible ferret animal model. to evaluate the relationship of morbidity and mortality with virus loads, we performed studies in ferrets infected with the h5n1 strain a/vn/12 ... | 2010 | 20730085 |
| cannabinoid-induced reduction in antral pacemaker frequency: a telemetric study in the ferret. | the gastric myoelectric activity (gma) is the electrical pacesetter potential, which drives gastric motility. cannabinoids have broad-spectrum antiemetic and antinauseant activity. paradoxically, they inhibit intestinal peristalsis and reduce gastric motility but their effect on gma remains unknown. | 2010 | 20731777 |
| oseltamivir-resistant variants of the 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza a virus are not attenuated in the guinea pig and ferret transmission models. | oseltamivir is routinely used worldwide for the treatment of severe influenza a virus infection, and should drug-resistant pandemic 2009 h1n1 viruses become widespread, this potent defense strategy might fail. oseltamivir-resistant variants of the pandemic 2009 h1n1 influenza a virus have been detected in a substantial number of patients, but to date, the mutant viruses have not moved into circulation in the general population. it is not known whether the resistance mutations in viral neuraminid ... | 2010 | 20739532 |
| transgenic animals may help resolve a sticky situation in cystic fibrosis. | cystic fibrosis (cf) is caused by defects in the cftr, a camp-activated cl- channel of epithelia. the resulting reduction in epithelial fluid transport creates abnormally viscous secretions from airway mucous glands that may be a major factor in cf pathology. mouse airways have few mucous glands, and the mouse model of cf exhibits no significant airway disease. pigs and ferrets, however, have approximately the same number of airway mucous glands as humans. in this issue of the jci, three indepen ... | 2010 | 20739746 |
| disease phenotype of a ferret cftr-knockout model of cystic fibrosis. | cystic fibrosis (cf) is a recessive disease that affects multiple organs. it is caused by mutations in cftr. animal modeling of this disease has been challenging, with species- and strain-specific differences in organ biology and cftr function influencing the emergence of disease pathology. here, we report the phenotype of a cftr-knockout ferret model of cf. neonatal cftr-knockout ferrets demonstrated many of the characteristics of human cf disease, including defective airway chloride transport ... | 2010 | 20739752 |
| the developmental remodeling of eye-specific afferents in the ferret dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. | eye-specific projections to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dlgn) serve as a model for exploring how precise patterns of circuitry form during development in the mammalian central nervous system. using a combination of dual-label anterograde retinogeniculate tracing and nissl-staining, we studied the patterns of eye-specific afferents and cellular laminae in the dlgn of the pigmented sable ferret at eight developmental timepoints between birth and adulthood. each time point was investigat ... | 2010 | 20039439 |
| comparative sequence analysis of the distal one-third of the genomes of a systemic and an enteric ferret coronavirus. | ferret systemic coronavirus (frscv) infection is associated with an emerging, highly fatal disease of ferrets. enhanced macrophage tropism and the resulting induction of pyogranulomatous lesions are shared with feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) infection in cats, but are not features of ferret enteric coronavirus (frecv) infection. comparative sequence analysis of the distal one-third of the genomes of one frscv and one frecv strain showed that these two ferret coronaviruses share >96% ... | 2010 | 20079778 |
| comparison of four treatments to suppress ovarian activity in ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | twenty-five ferret jills were randomly allocated to five groups of five animals; they were treated either before the breeding season with 15 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (mpa), with 40 mg proligestone or with a slow-releasing device containing 4.7 mg of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) agonist deslorelin acetate (srgnrh), or at spring oestrus with 100 iu human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg), or were left untreated and mated. all the ferrets were assessed for signs of oestrus and their o ... | 2010 | 20081178 |
| [sequencing and analysis of complete genome of rabies viruses isolated from chinese ferret-badger and dog in zhejiang province]. | based on sequencing the full-length genomes of four chinese ferret-badger and dog, we analyze the properties of rabies viruses genetic variation in molecular level, get the information about rabies viruses prevalence and variation in zhejiang, and enrich the genome database of rabies viruses street strains isolated from china. rabies viruses in suckling mice were isolated, overlapped fragments were amplified by rt-pcr and full-length genomes were assembled to analyze the nucleotide and deduced p ... | 2010 | 20329558 |
| modeling host responses in ferrets during a/california/07/2009 influenza infection. | immune responses during infection with pandemic h1n1 2009 influenza a virus (2009-h1n1) are still poorly understood. using an experimental infection model in ferrets, we examined the pathological features and characterized the host immune responses by using microarray analysis, during infection with 2009-h1n1 a/california/07/2009 and seasonal a/brisbane/59/2007. chemokines ccl2, ccl8, cxcl7 and cxcl10 along with the majority of interferon-stimulated genes were expressed early, correlated to lung ... | 2010 | 20334888 |
| rapid selection of a transmissible multidrug-resistant influenza a/h3n2 virus in an immunocompromised host. | the overall impact of influenza virus infection in immunocompromised patients is largely unknown. antigenic drift and genetic variations during prolonged influenza infection have been demonstrated. in this report we describe a multidrug-resistant h3n2 influenza virus isolated from an immunocompromised patient after 5 days of therapy. | 2010 | 20350163 |
| comparative efficacy of hemagglutinin, nucleoprotein, and matrix 2 protein gene-based vaccination against h5n1 influenza in mouse and ferret. | efforts to develop a broadly protective vaccine against the highly pathogenic avian influenza a (hpai) h5n1 virus have focused on highly conserved influenza gene products. the viral nucleoprotein (np) and ion channel matrix protein (m2) are highly conserved among different strains and various influenza a subtypes. here, we investigate the relative efficacy of np and m2 compared to ha in protecting against hpai h5n1 virus. in mice, previous studies have shown that vaccination with np and m2 in re ... | 2010 | 20352112 |
| disseminated, histologically confirmed cryptococcus spp infection in a domestic ferret. | a 4-year-old castrated male domestic ferret from central massachusetts was evaluated for weight loss over a 1.5-month period and for 2 days of retching, diarrhea, and signs of lethargy. it had been housed indoors, with 2 other ferrets, 2 cats, and humans that lacked signs or symptoms of disease. | 2010 | 20367045 |
| the impact of key amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin of influenza a (h3n2) viruses on vaccine production and antibody response. | influenza h3n2 viruses have recently drifted from a/wisconsin/67/05-like to a/brisbane/10/07-like viruses. the effect of key amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin (ha) protein on the replication, antigenicity and immunogenicity of cold-adapted, live attenuated vaccine strains was examined. a/brisbane/10/07 egg isolate contained a unique combination of g186 and p194 which were required for efficient virus growth in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells and embryonated chicken eggs, but t ... | 2010 | 20399830 |
| transcriptome sequencing and development of an expression microarray platform for the domestic ferret. | the ferret (mustela putorius furo) represents an attractive animal model for the study of respiratory diseases, including influenza. despite its importance for biomedical research, the number of reagents for molecular and immunological analysis is restricted. we present here a parallel sequencing effort to produce an extensive est (expressed sequence tags) dataset derived from a normalized ferret cdna library made from mrna from ferret blood, liver, lung, spleen and brain. | 2010 | 20403183 |
| neuraminidase receptor binding variants of human influenza a(h3n2) viruses resulting from substitution of aspartic acid 151 in the catalytic site: a role in virus attachment? | changes in the receptor binding characteristics of human h3n2 viruses have been evident from changes in the agglutination of different red blood cells (rbcs) and the reduced growth capacity of recently isolated viruses, particularly in embryonated eggs. an additional peculiarity of viruses circulating in 2005 to 2009 has been the poor inhibition of hemagglutination by postinfection ferret antisera for many viruses isolated in mdck cells, including homologous reference viruses. this was shown not ... | 2010 | 20410266 |
| immunogenicity, protective efficacy and mechanism of novel ccs adjuvanted influenza vaccine. | we optimized the immunogenicity of adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine based on commercial split influenza virus as an antigen (hemagglutinin = ha) and on a novel polycationic liposome as a potent adjuvant and efficient antigen carrier (ccs/c-ha vaccine). the vaccine was characterized physicochemically, and the mechanism of action of ccs/c as antigen carrier and adjuvant was studied. the optimized ccs/c-ha split virus vaccine, when administered intramuscularly (i.m.), is significantly more imm ... | 2010 | 20412874 |
| trichinella infection in wild animals from endemic regions of argentina. | natural infection with trichinella has been described in more than 150 mammalian species. however, few reports of trichinella infection in wild animals have come from argentina. in this study, muscle tissue was obtained from wild animals in argentina with the aim of evaluating the presence of trichinella. a total of 169 muscle samples were collected to determine the presence of trichinella larvae by artificial digestion. the 169 muscle samples originated from 12 species including 36 opossums (di ... | 2010 | 20424859 |
| glycosylation at 158n of the hemagglutinin protein and receptor binding specificity synergistically affect the antigenicity and immunogenicity of a live attenuated h5n1 a/vietnam/1203/2004 vaccine virus in ferrets. | a live attenuated influenza a/vietnam/1203/2004 (h5n1) vaccine virus (vn04 ca) has receptor binding specificity to alpha2,3-linked sialosides (alpha2,3sal), and a single dose induces a minimal serum antibody response in mice and ferrets. in contrast, a/hong kong/213/2003 (h5n1) vaccine virus (hk03 ca) binds to both alpha2,6sal and alpha2,3sal and generates a stronger serum antibody response in animals. among the 9 amino acids that differed between the two h5 ha1 proteins, several hk03-specific r ... | 2010 | 20427525 |
| search for mycobacterium leprae in wild mammals. | leprosy is still a worldwide public health problem. brazil and india show the highest prevalence rates of the disease. natural infection of armadillos dasypus novemcinctus with mycobacterium leprae has been reported in some regions of the united states. identification of bacilli is difficult, particularly due to its inability to grow in vitro. the use of molecular tools represents a fast and sensitive alternative method for diagnosis of mycobacteriosis. in the present study, the diagnostic metho ... | 2010 | 20428654 |
| neuroblastoma of the adrenal gland in a ferret. | a 5-year-old castrated male ferret was referred for hind limb paresis and subcutaneous mass at the lumber area. based on clinical examination including computed tomography, extension of the mass to the abdominal cavity was confirmed. an exploratory laparotomy revealed that the mass at the cranial area of the left kidney extended dorsally to the vertebra and to the subcutis. the excised mass was histologically diagnosed as a medullary tumor of the adrenal gland, and some neoplastic cells were bet ... | 2010 | 20431253 |
| mucus secretion from individual submucosal glands of the ferret trachea. | mucus secretion from individual tracheal glands in adult ferrets was studied with time-lapse optical imaging of mucus droplets under an oil layer. density of functional glands (determined by responses to 1 mum carbachol) was 1.5 +/- 0.3 per mm(2) (n = 6). secretion rates (in pl.min(-1).gland(-1)) were as follows: 4.1 +/- 0.7 basal (unstimulated; n = 27, 669 glands), 338 +/- 70 to 10 microm forskolin (n = 8, 90 glands), 234 +/- 13 to 1 microm vip (n = 6, 57 glands), 183 +/- 92 to 10 microm isopro ... | 2010 | 20435689 |
| osvz progenitors of human and ferret neocortex are epithelial-like and expand by integrin signaling. | a major cause of the cerebral cortex expansion that occurred during evolution is the increase in subventricular zone (svz) progenitors. we found that progenitors in the outer svz (osvz) of developing human neocortex retain features of radial glia, in contrast to rodent svz progenitors, which have limited proliferation potential. although delaminating from apical adherens junctions, osvz progenitors maintained a basal process contacting the basal lamina, a canonical epithelial property. osvz prog ... | 2010 | 20436478 |
| electrotonic coupling between pyramidal neurons in the neocortex. | electrotonic couplings (i.e., electrical synapses or gap junctions) are fundamental to neuronal synchronization, and thus essential for many physiological functions and pathological disorders. interneuron electrical synapses have been studied intensively. although studies on electrotonic couplings between pyramidal cells (pcs) are emerging, particularly in the hippocampus, evidence is still rare in the neocortex. the electrotonic coupling of pcs in the neocortex is therefore largely unknown in t ... | 2010 | 20436674 |
| relating information, encoding and adaptation: decoding the population firing rate in visual areas 17/18 in response to a stimulus transition. | neurons in the primary visual cortex typically reach their highest firing rate after an abrupt image transition. since the mutual information between the firing rate and the currently presented image is largest during this early firing period it is tempting to conclude this early firing encodes the current image. this view is, however, made more complicated by the fact that the response to the current image is dependent on the preceding image. therefore we hypothesize that neurons encode a combi ... | 2010 | 20436907 |
| inefficient control of host gene expression by the 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza a virus ns1 protein. | in 2009, a novel swine-origin h1n1 influenza a virus emerged. here, we characterize the multifunctional ns1 protein of this human pandemic virus in order to understand factors that may contribute to replication efficiency or pathogenicity. although the 2009 h1n1 virus ns1 protein (2009/ns1) is an effective interferon antagonist, we found that this ns1 (unlike those of previous human-adapted influenza a viruses) is unable to block general host gene expression in human or swine cells. this propert ... | 2010 | 20444891 |
| type 1 diabetes mellitus and hyperadrenocorticism in a ferret. | diabetes mellitus (dm) was diagnosed in a 6-year-old neutered male ferret with polyuria/polydipsia, symmetrical alopecia, and weight loss. laboratory tests revealed severe hyperglycemia, glucosuria, and increased steroid hormone profile. abdominal ultrasound revealed a bilateral enlargement of the adrenal glands. significant clinical improvement was achieved with insulin- and leuprolide acetate-based therapy. after 2 months of therapy, the ferret showed a severe ketoacidosis, and the owner decid ... | 2010 | 20446034 |