Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) dose escalation versus direct rechallenge for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with previous adverse reaction to tmp-smz. | trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) is the most effective pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylactic agent, but adverse reactions are common among human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients and limit its use. this randomized, double-blind controlled trial compared 2 methods of tmp-smz reintroduction, 6-day dose escalation and direct rechallenge, for pcp prophylaxis in hiv-infected patients who had experienced previous treatment-limiting reactions. the primary end point was t ... | 2001 | 11574913 |
| [preventing opportunistic infections in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus]. | highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart), which has been provided since 1995 to patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), has produced noticeable results in regard to preventing opportunistic infections in this population. nevertheless, it is still useful to administer specific prophylactic treatment against opportunistic infections in patients treated with haart and also in patients who do not respond to haart or who cannot or do not wish to take that treatment. prophylacti ... | 2001 | 11575240 |
| [guidelines for prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in children and adolescents with cancer]. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis (pcp) is one of the most important opportunistic infections in children and adolescents with cancer. its high frequency and a considerable mortality have led to primary chemoprophylaxis in patients with hematological malignancies and following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. although less well characterized, patients with autologous stem cell transplantation and patients with dose-intensive chemotherapy for pediatric solid tumors may have a si ... | 2001 | 11577363 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after cessation of secondary prophylaxis in a patient on highly active antiretroviral therapy with a cd4 cell count greater than 200/mm3. | 2001 | 11579267 | |
| influence of injection drug use behavior on reported antiretroviral therapy use among women in the hiv epidemiology research study: on-site versus referral care. | hiv-infected injection drug users consistently report poor antiretroviral therapy use and little contact with health care providers. it has been suggested that the clinical setting where patients are seen affects the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy. | 2001 | 11579274 |
| [a case of acute progressive pulmonary cystic disease associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a non-hiv-infected patient]. | we report a case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in which acute lung tissue destruction progressed within a few days to form multiple bullae in a patient with no hiv-1 infection. a 59-year-old man with mild pulmonary emphysema had been followed for two years. he had smoked 40 cigarettes per day for forty years. six months before, bronchogenic carcinoma had been diagnosed in the lower right lung. after chemotherapy and radiotherapy, he had a sudden onset of high fever with respiratory fai ... | 2001 | 11579532 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients being registered for smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in malawi. | the national tb control programme of malawi registers and treats large numbers of patients with chronic cough for smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (ptb). smear-negative ptb is diagnosed according to clinical and radiographic criteria, as mycobacterial cultures are not routinely available. in an area of high hiv seroprevalence there is a concern that other opportunistic infections apart from tb, such as pneumocystis carinii, may be missed owing to lack of diagnostic facilities. the aims of t ... | 2001 | 11579884 |
| induced sputum: opening a new window to the lung. | the interest in sputum assessment as a non-invasive technique to retrieve cells and soluble material from the lung has increased and gained momentum during the last decade. as a marker of inflammation in airway diseases, induced sputum (is) is a particularly promising procedure since it provides specific information on both the cellular and molecular constituents in inflammation. from 1950-1970, sputum cells had been examined on stained smears, with the procedure having been applied in both rese ... | 2001 | 11587097 |
| n,n'-bis[4-(n-alkylamidino)phenyl]homopiperazines as anti-pneumocystis carinii agents. | the synthesis, anti-pneumocystis carinii activity and dna binding properties of eight new n,n'-bis[4-(n-alkylamidino)phenyl]homopiperazines are reported. compounds 2 and 8 were the most potent and caused about 70% inhibition of pneumocystis carinii growth in a cell culture model at 1 microm concentrations. | 2001 | 11591500 |
| fiberoptic bronchoscopy in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: findings in the era of serum cytomegalovirus antigen surveillance. | pulmonary complications occur in half of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (bmt) patients. the incidence of these complications has been reduced by prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, preemptive therapy in patients at high risk for cytomegalovirus (cmv) reactivation, and, more recently, screening for serum cmv antigen. since fiberoptic bronchoscopy (fob) has historically been the primary diagnostic test to evaluate bmt patients with pulmonary disease, a review was performed ... | 2001 | 11591544 |
| plasminogen activator production in a rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | several studies have indicated that the serine protease urokinase-plasminogen-activator (upa) is an important factor in host defense against pulmonary pathogens. to gain a better insight into the role of upa in pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii) pneumonia (pcp), we evaluated pa production in alveolar macrophages (ams) obtained from rats with steroid-induced pcp. treatment with cortisone acetate favored pcp in 91% of rats. in the bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) samples of immunosuppressed rats both w ... | 2001 | 11592634 |
| analysis of the antigen specific t cell repertoires in hiv infection. | in addition to hiv infection, several acquired immunodeficiencies lead to depletion of cd4 lymphocytes. these include immunosuppression resulting from high dose cancer chemotherapy or induced to control graft rejection, as well as in autoimmune diseases. the consequence of this depletion is an increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections or the inability to control primary infection in the case of hiv infection. in all instances a full or partial immunoreconstitution is desirable. in ord ... | 2001 | 11595293 |
| severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia increases the infectious titre of hiv-1 in blood and can promote the expansion of viral chemokine co-receptor tropism. | determine the in vivo effect of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) on: (a) the titre of infectious virus circulating in blood; and (b) the chemokine co-receptor usage of these viruses. | 2001 | 11597147 |
| synthesis of 2,4-diamino-6-(thioarylmethyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines as dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. | six 2,4-diaminopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines with a 6-methylthio bridge to an aryl group were synthesized and biologically evaluated as inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii (pc) and toxoplasma gondii (tg) dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr). the syntheses of analogues 3-8 were achieved by nucleophilic displacement of 2,4-diamino-6-bromomethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine 14 with various arylthiols. the alpha-naphthyl analogue 4 showed the highest selectivity ratios of 3.6 and 8.7 against pcdhfr and tgdhfr, respec ... | 2001 | 11597474 |
| antifungal activities and cytotoxicity studies of six new azasordarins. | gw 471552, gw 471558, gw 479821, gw 515716, gw 570009, and gw 587270 are members of a new family of sordarin derivatives called azasordarins. the in vitro activities of these compounds were evaluated against clinical isolates of yeasts, including candida albicans, candida non-albicans, and cryptococcus neoformans strains. activities against pneumocystis carinii, aspergillus spp., less common molds, and dermatophytes were also investigated. azasordarin derivatives displayed significant activities ... | 2001 | 11600368 |
| genetic analysis of multiple loci suggests that mutations in the pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis dihydropteroate synthase gene arose independently in multiple strains. | to determine if mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) gene of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis arose in a single strain that was subsequently widely disseminated, we examined four genomic regions of 22 p. carinii clinical isolates selected based on the absence or presence of mutations in the dhps gene. by single-strand conformation polymorphism and dna sequencing, we found varying genotypes for each of the four regions in isolates with dhps mutations, suggesting that these mutation ... | 2001 | 11600382 |
| in vitro and in vivo effects of quinupristin-dalfopristin against pneumocystis carinii. | quinupristin-dalfopristin (q-d), which is active against bacteria and toxoplasma gondii, was examined for its activity against pneumocystis carinii. after 72 h of incubation with rat p. carinii in an atp cytotoxicity assay, the 50% inhibitory concentration of q-d was 10.6 microg/ml, a level that can be achieved in serum with high-dose administration. q-d administered intraperitoneally at doses of 50 to 200 mg per kg of body weight per day in the treatment and 100 mg/kg/day three times per week i ... | 2001 | 11600389 |
| effect of case management on unmet needs and utilization of medical care and medications among hiv-infected persons. | although case management has been advocated as a method for improving the care of chronically ill persons, its effectiveness is poorly understood. | 2001 | 11601927 |
| mycobacterial and nonbacterial pulmonary complications in hospitalized patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a prospective, cohort study. | a prospective observational study was done to describe nonbacterial pulmonary complications in hospitalized patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | 2001 | 11602023 |
| current status of human parasitic infections in taiwan. | the eradication of the 2 mosquito-borne parasitic diseases, malaria and lymphatic filariasis, is one of the greatest achievements of the parasite control campaigns in taiwan. most of the soil-transmitted nematode infections, with the exception of pinworm infection, are currently well controlled and limited to some aboriginal areas. food-borne parasitic zoonosis such as infections with angiostrongylus cantonensis, clonorchis sinensis, and taenia saginata asiatica are not rare, but the former is s ... | 2001 | 11605804 |
| clinical significance of nested polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence for detection of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to study the clinical significance of a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method compared to immunofluorescence (if) for detection of pneumocystis carinii. | 2001 | 11678932 |
| characterization of the expression site of the major surface glycoprotein of human-derived pneumocystis carinii. | the major surface glycoprotein (msg) of pneumocystis carinii, a pathogen responsible for pulmonary infection in aids and other immunocompromised patients, is an abundant surface protein that potentially allows the organism to evade host defences by antigenic variation. msg is encoded by a multicopy gene family; in two specific forms of rat-derived p. carinii, regulation of msg expression uses a single expression site, termed the upstream conserved sequence (ucs), through two related but distinct ... | 2001 | 11679077 |
| anti-human immunodeficiency virus drugs are ineffective against pneumocystis carinii in vitro and in vivo. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) protease inhibitors (pis) recently have been reported to be active against pneumocystis carinii in cell culture. twelve anti-hiv drugs were analyzed for their effects against rat p. carinii by an atp cytotoxicity assay. indinavir and saquinavir exhibited slight anti-p. carinii activity at concentrations above those that can be clinically achieved in serum; other pis and nucleoside and nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors were inactive against the orga ... | 2001 | 11679930 |
| genetic divergence of the dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase genes in pneumocystis carinii from 7 different host species. | to investigate the phylogenetic and therapeutic implications of the genetic divergence in the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) genes among different pneumocystis carinii strains, these 2 genes in p. carinii obtained from 7 different host species were sequenced. pairwise comparison of the dhps sequences demonstrated 6%-24% and 6%-30% divergence in the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences, respectively. the dhfr gene was even more divergent, with difference ... | 2001 | 11679931 |
| cotrimoxazole prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii infection during the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia--beware non compliance in older children and adolescents. | 2001 | 11680836 | |
| [simultaneous bilateral pneumothorax complicating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a homeless man with aids]. | although pneumothorax is a well-known complication of aids related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, simultaneous bilateral pneumothorax has not been reported in japan. a 54-year-old homeless man was admitted with emaciation and dyspnea. chest x-ray showed diffuse ground glass opacity. computed tomography of the chest demonstrated ground glass opacity and cyst-like lesions in both upper lobes of the lung. the patient was hiv positive. grocott's stain of a bronchial lavage specimen demonstrated pne ... | 2001 | 11681027 |
| effect of oral washes on the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with a low parasite burden and on detection of organisms in subclinical infections. | this study was designed to assess the efficacy of using oral washes (ows) to diagnose pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with a low parasite burden and to detect cases of subclinical infection. a total of 104 paired induced sputum (is) samples and ows from 104 hiv-seropositive patients and 32 ows from immunocompetent healthy controls were studied. all of the control samples were negative. fifty-two is specimens were positive for pneumocystis carinii, and 26 of these cases were also ... | 2001 | 11681438 |
| pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis dna in immunocompetent health care workers in contact with patients with p. carinii pneumonia. | the possible transmission of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis from patients with p. carinii pneumonia to asymptomatic health care workers (hcw), with or without occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with p. carinii pneumonia, was examined. hcw in a specialist inpatient hiv-aids facility and a control group in the general medical-respiratory service in the same hospital provided induced sputum and/or nasal rinse samples, which were analyzed for the prese ... | 2001 | 11682501 |
| discontinuation of pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: a meta-analysis and decision analysis. | we performed a meta-analysis and a decision analysis on the discontinuation of prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus who had adequate immune recovery while receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. in the meta-analysis (14 studies with 3584 subjects who had discontinued prophylaxis), 8 cases of pcp occurred during 3449 person-years (0.23 cases per 100 person-years [95% confidence interval, 0.10-0.46]). in the decision an ... | 2001 | 11692302 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after thoracic duct ligation and leakage. | a case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was induced through immunosuppression following thoracic duct ligation. the patient initially presented with an esophageal adenocarcinoma, which was totally resected. she is human immunodeficiency virus-negative and not undergoing immunosuppressive treatment. | 2001 | 11692316 |
| functional glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor signal sequences in the pneumocystis carinii prt1 protease family. | pneumocystis carinii is fungus which is a frequent cause of severe pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals. the p. carinii genome contains the prt1 subtelomeric multigene family that encodes a kexin-like serine protease which is expressed on the surface of p. carinii. analysis of the sequence of the carboxy-terminal sequence of many copies of prt1 showed that they contained motifs characteristic of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) anchor signal sequence. the ability of the c-terminal sequ ... | 2001 | 11694452 |
| serial pentamidine levels in bronchial epithelial lining fluid after aerosol administration. | there is no information on serial pharmacokinetic assessment in the lungs after administration of aerosolized pentamidine. | 2001 | 11694814 |
| [diagnosis and therapy of abscess forming pneumonia]. | aspiration of oro-pharyngeal secretions and gastric content is the most frequent cause of formation of primary lung abscess. a compromised mental status (e.g. alcoholism, sedatives, stroke) and esophageal dysfunction (e.g. herniation, vomiting) are important risk factors. aspiration pneumonia presents as a subacute disease and is usually not distinguishable from other causes of pneumonia, until typical radiological signs of cavitation and putrid sputum appear 8 to 14 days after the initial event ... | 2001 | 11695090 |
| [pneumonia in the immune compromised host]. | the term "immunocompromised host" is generally applied to a variety of patients with different host defense defects. pulmonary disease in the immunocompromised host remains a major cause of morbidity and has a high mortality. during the initial evaluation of the patient, it is helpful to define which of the three arms of the host defense system is most likely to be affected. impaired granulocyte function, as seen after chemotherapy, predisposes to bacterial and fungal infections. deficiencies in ... | 2001 | 11695093 |
| [pneumonia in patients with hiv infection]. | pneumonia is the leading hiv-associated infection. it may occur at an early stage of hiv-infection. the spectrum of microorganisms includes bacteria, mainly streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae and mycobacterium tuberculosis. in addition, fungi such as pneumocystis carinii, cryptococcus neoformans and histoplasma capsulatum are common hiv-associated pathogens. the diagnostic work-up depends on the epidemiology (travel history) and the immune status (cd4-lymphoc ... | 2001 | 11695094 |
| characterization of pneumocystis carinii phr1, a ph-regulated gene important for cell wall integrity. | pneumocystis carinii remains an important opportunistic fungal pathogen causing life-threatening pneumonia in patients with aids and malignancy. currently, little is known about how the organism adapts to environmental stresses and maintains its cellular integrity. we recently discovered an open reading frame approximately 600 bp downstream of the region coding gsc-1, a gene mediating beta-glucan cell wall synthesis in p. carinii. the predicted amino acid sequence of this new gene, termed p. car ... | 2001 | 11698360 |
| underuse of primary mycobacterium avium complex and pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis in the united states. | little is known about the rates of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and pneumocystis carinii (pcp) prophylaxis adherence to guidelines and how they have changed after introduction of effective antiretroviral therapy. | 2001 | 11707670 |
| the care of hiv-infected adults in rural areas of the united states. | this study describes the population of hiv-infected adults receiving care in rural areas of the united states and compares hiv care received in rural and urban areas. | 2001 | 11707677 |
| in vitro activity of amprenavir against pneumocystis carinii. | 2001 | 11708264 | |
| action of deferoxamine against pneumocystis carinii. | we found earlier that deferoxamine (dfo), a drug used for treatment of iron overload, is active against a rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). we had assumed a mode of action by deprivation of nutritional iron; however, data here show that dfo penetrates p. carinii, causing irreversible damage, thus indicating a different mode of action. penetration was demonstrated by showing dfo uptake by high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis. by using calcein-am as an indicator, exposure ... | 2001 | 11709340 |
| reactive haemophagocytic syndrome in children with inflammatory disorders. a retrospective study of 24 patients. | the reactive haemophagocytic syndrome (rhs) is a little-known life-threatening complication of rheumatic diseases in children. it reflects the extreme vulnerability of these patients, especially those with systemic-onset juvenile chronic arthritis (jca). this immunohaematological process may be triggered by events such as herpes virus infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy. treatment has not been standardized. | 2001 | 11709613 |
| the use of oral washes to diagnose pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a blinded prospective study using a polymerase chain reaction-based detection system. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) can be diagnosed by direct microscopic examination of induced sputum or by bronchoalveolar lavage (bal). however, many institutions have little diagnostic success with induced sputum, and bal is invasive and expensive. this prospective, blinded study assessed oral washes as a more convenient specimen than either sputum or bal fluid and used a dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluoroimmunoassay time-resolved fluorescent hybridization polymerase chain reaction ( ... | 2001 | 11709795 |
| immunohematotoxicity studies with combinations of dapsone and zidovudine. | we investigated the immunohematoxicities of the antiparasitic drug dapsone (dds) and the antiretroviral drug zidovudine (zdv, azt) given alone or in combination in balb/c mice. dds is used for prophylaxis and treatment of pneumocystis carinii infection in aids patients. we examined the impact of concurrent administration of these drugs on the immune and hematopoietic systems because dds causes hematotoxicity and zdv therapy results in bone marrow toxicity. daily oral administration of dds at 25 ... | 2001 | 11710542 |
| new insights into transmission, diagnosis, and drug treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii has been recognized as a human pathogen for nearly 50 years. we present a case of p carinii infection that typifies clinical presentation in the era of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic. the high incidence of p carinii pneumonia in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has served to focus laboratory and clinical research efforts on better understanding the biology of the organism and on improving diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this d ... | 2001 | 11712941 |
| cd4+ t cell-independent vaccination against pneumocystis carinii in mice. | host defenses are profoundly compromised in hiv-infected hosts due to progressive depletion of cd4+ t lymphocytes. moreover, deficient cd4+ t lymphocytes impair vaccination approaches to prevent opportunistic infection. therefore, we investigated a cd4+ t cell-independent vaccine approach to a prototypic aids-defining infection, pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia. here, we demonstrate that bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (dcs) expressing the murine cd40 ligand, when pulsed ex vivo by pc ant ... | 2001 | 11714738 |
| detection of two distinct transporter systems for 2-deoxyglucose uptake by the opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis carinii. | since the opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis carinii grows only slowly in vitro, the mechanism of glucose uptake was investigated to better understand how the organism transports nutrients. using the non-metabolizable analogue 2-deoxyglucose, two uptake systems were detected with q(10) values of 2.12 and 2.09, respectively. one had a high affinity (k(m)=67.5 microm) and the other a low affinity (k(m)=5.99 mm) for 2-deoxyglucose uptake. glucose or deoxyglucose phosphate products from transported ... | 2001 | 11718673 |
| the occurrence of sinusitis in hiv-infected patients with fever. | sinusitis is commonly occurring in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus i (hiv), but the occurrence and etiology have not been established. the purpose of this study was prospectively to determine the occurrence, site and type of paranasal sinus abnormalities seen on mri in hiv-infected patients with fever, to relate the abnormalities to clinical and immunological parameters, and to determine the microbiological agents found in the sinus aspirates. mri was performed in 54 hiv-infe ... | 2001 | 11721503 |
| rapid pcr-single-strand conformation polymorphism method to differentiate and estimate relative abundance of pneumocystis carinii special forms infecting rats. | a rapid method that uses pcr-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of the intron of the nuclear 26s rrna gene was shown to differentiate the two pneumocystis carinii special forms that infect rats, p. carinii f. sp. carinii and p. carinii f. sp. ratti. the method also provides a means for estimation of the relative abundance of the two special forms in the case of a coinfected rat. the results suggest that the method described will help to further standardize the immunosuppressed rat ... | 2001 | 11724884 |
| pneumocystis carinii: genetic diversity and cell biology. | as an important opportunistic pulmonary pathogen, pneumocystis carinii has been the focus of extensive research over the decades. the use of laboratory animal models has permitted a detailed understanding of the host-parasite interaction but an understanding of the basic biology of p. carinii has lagged due in large part to the inability of the organism to grow well in culture and to the lack of a tractable genetic system. molecular techniques have demonstrated extensive heterogeneity among p. c ... | 2001 | 11728153 |
| alteration of surfactant proteins a and d in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to understand the interaction between surfactant proteins and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), and the impact of corticosteriods on surfactant proteins. | 2001 | 11729507 |
| transgenic over-expression of mafk suppresses t cell proliferation and function in vivo. | the small maf proteins regulate gene transcription from maf recognition elements (mare). these proteins do not contain a canonical transactivation domain. depending upon the ratio of small maf proteins to their partner proteins, which either possess a transactivation domain or not, transcription can be switched on or off. | 2001 | 11737266 |
| [pathological changes of diffuse pneumocystis carinii infection in the liver of an aids patient]. | to examine the pathological changes in the liver of an aids patient with complicated infection of pneumocystis carinii(pc). | 2001 | 12571974 |
| the etiology and outcome of pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children admitted to intensive care in a developing country. | in developing countries, many human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children require intensive care unit (icu) resources for pneumonia, but there is little information on the etiology of pneumonia or the impact of icu intervention. objective: to compare the etiology and outcome of pneumonia in hiv-positive and seronegative children admitted to icu. design: prospective study. setting: two pediatric icus linked to the university of cape town, south africa. patients: consecutive children admi ... | 2001 | 12797868 |
| antibiotic use in infants hospitalised with hiv-related pneumonia in harare, zimbabwe. | to describe the clinical features of infants admitted with hiv-related pneumonia and to describe antibiotic use in relation to recommended treatment guidelines. | 2001 | 12201021 |
| cryptococcosis in patients from tikur anbessa hospital, addis ababa, ethiopia. | a study was done to investigate the occurrence of cryptococcus neoformans infection in patients admitted to tikur anbessa hospital. cryptococcus neoformans is an important opportunistic fungal pathogen in immunocompromised patients. the study was done over a period of 18 months, from october 1998 to april 2000. during this period, a total of 1088 cerebrospinal fluid (csf) specimens were sent to the bacteriology laboratory in tikur anbessa hospital, out of which 275 were subjected for india ink e ... | 2001 | 11921549 |
| [a case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with pulmonary cysts and increased level of serum kl-6]. | in august, 1999, a 46-year-old man with fever, cough, and dyspnea was admitted to a hospital. on the basis of the clinical and radiographic findings, bacterial pneumonia was suspected. antibiotics were not effective, because of atypical lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and positive anti-human t-cell leukemia virus antibody, and he was transferred to our hospital. a chest radiograph and a ct scan revealed bilateral ground-glass opacities with huge multiple cysts. intensive treatment of pneumoc ... | 2001 | 11875817 |
| [adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma. clinical aspects]. | background data: adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma (atl) is a malignant proliferation of activated cd4+ t lymphocytes. the disease is almost exclusively found in patients living in retrovirus htlv-1 endemic areas. virology: in atl, monoclonal htlv-1 provirus is integrated into atypical lymphocytes, called clover-leaf lymphocytes. the pathogenic mechanism leading to htlv-1-induced leukemogenesis remains obscure. the disease generally occurs after a long latency period. four clinical subtypes: the di ... | 2001 | 12385062 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in hiv-infected african children. | 2001 | 11887451 | |
| a 10-year follow-up study on the health status of heroin addicts based on official registers. | to determine the health status of a cohort of heroin addicts. | 2001 | 11784470 |
| pneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii synthesizes de novo four homologs of ubiquinone. | ubiquinone, coenzyme q, plays a pivotal role in electron transport and is a target for chemotherapy against a number of eukaryotic infectious agents, including pneumocystis carinii. coenzyme q10 was previously identified as the major ubiquinone homolog in p. carinii isolated and purified from rat lungs; coq9 was also present. in contrast, coq9 and coq8 (but not coq10) were detected in the lungs of uninfected rat controls. these observations suggested that the pathogen synthesizes coq10, and perh ... | 2001 | 12095106 |
| [an analysis of the course of experimental pneumocystosis in rats using some serological methods]. | since serological methods used in the diagnosis of pneumocystosis may be helpful to a various extent, depending on the stage of a diagnosed infection, it was decided to evaluate the usefulness of some the methods in the course of infection. wistar rats were used in the experiments. the animals were administered hydrocortisone injections for 12 weeks to induce immunosuppression and activate naturally occurring asymptomatic infections with pneumocystis carinii. blood samples and specimes of lung t ... | 2001 | 16886416 |
| [nested pcr in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in aids patients]. | the studies were undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of a nested pcr assay in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in aids patients. to achieve the end, 51 excretions samples from the respiratory tract were collected from hiv-infected patients with respiratory symptoms, and examined for the presence of specific dna. a portion of the mitochondrial large-subunit rrna gene of pneumocystis carinii was amplified with outer primers pair paz 102e, paz 102h and internal primers paz 10 ... | 2001 | 16894769 |
| [the estimation of pneumocystis carinii in hiv-infected patients occurrence based on three different methods]. | the frequency of pneumocystis carinii occurrence in bal of 38 hiv-infected patients was determined with three different method. bal sediments were stained with giemsa method, silvered according to gomori-grocott method and studied with indirect immunofluorescence assay. using giemsa method staining pneumocystis carinii was diagnosed in 81.6% of patients, in gomori-grocott method--in 31.6% of patients, but results of indirect immunofluorescence assay were positive only in 23.,7%. in our study sta ... | 2001 | 16894772 |
| cotrimoxazole-induced hypoglycemia in an hiv-infected patient. | a case of cotrimoxazole-induced hypoglycemia is described in a male patient infected with hiv. ten days after initiating high dose cotrimoxazole for suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, the patient developed neuroglycopenic symptoms and diaphoresis. blood glucose levels were repeatedly low, with elevated insulin and c-peptide levels despite multiple intravenous bolus doses and infusions of dextrose. hypoglycemia resolved after approximately 36 h of treatment with dextrose and discontinuatio ... | 2001 | 18159355 |
| [clinical diagnosis and treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome complicated by tuberculosis]. | to explore the clinical characteristics and method of therapy of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients complicated by tuberculosis. | 2001 | 16136909 |
| the frequency of pneumocystis carinii in patients with haematologic malignancies and pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii) is an organism which was previously considered as a protozoan but recently it was shown to be more related to fungi. p. carinii increasingly causes opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. in this study, we detected p. carinii oocysts by indirect immunofluorescence test in 33 specimens obtained from 31 patients with haematological malignancies who had symptoms of pneumonia and investigated probable risk factors (corticosteroid usage, neutropenia d ... | 2001 | 27264069 |
| differential regulation of growth and checkpoint control mediated by a cdc25 mitotic phosphatase from pneumocystis carinii. | pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic fungal pathogen phylogenetically related to the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe. p. carinii causes severe pneumonia in immunocompromised patients with aids and malignancies. although the life cycle of p. carinii remains poorly characterized, morphologic studies of infected lung tissue indicate that p. carinii alternates between numerous small trophic forms and fewer large cystic forms. to understand further the molecular mechanisms that regulate p ... | 2001 | 11029470 |
| determinants of antimicrobial prophylaxis use and treatment for wasting among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease in the united states, 1995-1998. | despite us public health service (usphs) recommendations for antimicrobial prophylaxis for patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease, the proportion of patients who receive prophylaxis is not known. we measured the prevalence of antimicrobial prophylaxis use, and treatment for hiv wasting at baseline among 531 patients with advanced hiv disease enrolled in a multicenter randomized trial of red blood cell transfusion. use of antimicrobial prophylaxis and treatment for wast ... | 2001 | 11118390 |
| efficacies of lipophilic inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase against parasitic protozoa. | competitive inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) are used in chemotherapy or prophylaxis of many microbial pathogens, including the eukaryotic parasites plasmodium falciparum and toxoplasma gondii. unfortunately, point mutations in the dhfr gene can confer resistance to inhibitors specific to these pathogens. we have developed a rapid system for testing inhibitors of dhfrs from a variety of parasites. we replaced the dhfr gene from the budding yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae with the dhfr ... | 2001 | 11120964 |
| magnetic bead capture eliminates pcr inhibitors in samples collected from the airborne environment, permitting detection of pneumocystis carinii dna. | pcr detection methods are useful in studies of organisms not amenable to culture. inhibitors in environmental samples can interfere with such assays. we describe a magnetic bead dna capture protocol that removes inhibitors from outdoor air samples, maintaining the sensitivity of a 16s pneumocystis carinii mitochondrial rrna gene-based pcr. | 2001 | 11133478 |
| phylogenetic analysis of lacazia loboi places this previously uncharacterized pathogen within the dimorphic onygenales. | lacazia loboi is the last of the classical fungal pathogens to remain a taxonomic enigma, primarily because it has resisted cultivation and only causes cutaneous and subcutaneous infections in humans and dolphins in the new world tropics. to place it in the evolutionary tree of life, as has been done for the other enigmatic human pathogens pneumocystis carinii and rhinosporidium seeberi, we amplified its 18s small-subunit ribosomal dna (ssu rdna) and 600 bp of its chitin synthase-2 gene. our phy ... | 2001 | 11136789 |
| time between inoculations and karyotype forms of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii influence outcome of experimental coinfections in rats. | the prevalence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in humans caused by more than a single genotype has been reported to range from 10 to 67%, depending on the method used for detection (3, 19). most coinfections were associated with primary rather than recurrent disease. to better understand the factors influencing the development of coinfections, the time periods between inoculations and the genotype of the infecting organisms were evaluated in the chronically immunosuppressed-inoculated ra ... | 2001 | 11119494 |
| sloth biology: an update on their physiological ecology, behavior and role as vectors of arthropods and arboviruses. | this is a review of the research undertaken since 1971 on the behavior and physiological ecology of sloths. the animals exhibit numerous fascinating features. sloth hair is extremely specialized for a wet tropical environment and contains symbiotic algae. activity shows circadian and seasonal variation. nutrients derived from the food, particularly in bradypus, only barely match the requirements for energy expenditure. sloths are hosts to a fascinating array of commensal and parasitic arthropods ... | 2001 | 11151024 |
| genetics of surface antigen expression in pneumocystis carinii. | this article reviews the molecular genetic data pertaining to the major surface glycoprotein (msg) gene family of pneumocystis carinii and its role in surface variation and compares this fungal system to antigenic variation systems in the protozoan trypanosoma brucei and the bacteria borrelia spp. | 2001 | 11159949 |
| pulmonary inflammation disrupts surfactant function during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in mice, the degree of pulmonary inflammation correlates directly with the severity of lung function deficits. therefore, studies were undertaken to determine whether the host inflammatory response contributes to pcp-related respiratory impairment, at least in part, by disrupting the pulmonary surfactant system. protein and phospholipid content and surfactant activity were measured in the lavage fluid of infected mice in either the absence or presence ... | 2001 | 11159965 |
| immunomodulatory effects of anti-cd4 antibody in host resistance against infections and tumors in human cd4 transgenic mice. | anti-cd4 antibodies, which cause cd4(+) t-cell depletion, have been shown to increase susceptibility to infections in mice. thus, development of anti-cd4 antibodies for clinical use raises potential concerns about suppression of host defense mechanisms against pathogens and tumors. the anti-human cd4 antibody keliximab, which binds only human and chimpanzee cd4, has been evaluated in host defense models using murine cd4 knockout-human cd4 transgenic (hucd4/tg) mice. in these mice, depletion of c ... | 2001 | 11160000 |
| fatal infection in patients treated for small cell lung cancer in the institute of tuberculosis and chest diseases in the years 1980-1994. | the study was performed to explore the frequency of infections present at death and infection as the main cause of death (fatal infection - fi) in 845 consecutive patients (pts) treated for small cell lung cancer (sclc) at the institute of tuberculosis and chest diseases in warsaw, in the period 1980-1994. diagnosis of infection was based on clinical signs and symptoms, the presence of new lesions on the chest x-ray, microbiological tests and/or autopsy examination. all cases of fungal infection ... | 2001 | 11165389 |
| iron status and the outcome of hiv infection: an overview. | theoretical considerations and experiments in the laboratory suggest that excessive iron stores may have an adverse effect on immunity. if so, high iron stores might be especially a problem in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | 2001 | 11166657 |
| progressive reduction in treatment-related deaths in medical research council childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia trials from 1980 to 1997 (ukall viii, x and xi). | in the last 20 years, the survival rate for children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (all) has markedly improved, largely owing to a decrease in relapses. however, children still die from complications of treatment and these are potentially preventable. we have analysed data from three large consecutive national protocols for all from 1980 to 1997 [medical research council united kingdom all (mrc ukall) trials viii, x and xi] to compare the incidence and causes of treatment-related deaths (tr ... | 2001 | 11167821 |
| dual pulmonary infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis and pneumocystis carinii in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | during a 22-month period, we identified 39 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection (mean cd4(+) count, 90 cells/mm(3)) who were hospitalized with pneumonia and who had sputum and/or other specimens that tested concurrently positive for both mycobacterium tuberculosis and pneumocystis carinii. the most common chest x-ray abnormality was a reticulonodular pattern or bilateral infiltrates (n=26). serum lactate dehydrogenase levels were elevated in 17 (85%) of 20 of patients teste ... | 2001 | 11170920 |
| unusual presentation of thoracic pneumocystis carinii infection in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | pleura-based masses and hilar adenopathy were seen on a chest radiograph of a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who had a history of pneumocystis carinii infection. the differential diagnosis of such a presentation is discussed in light of atypical and extrapulmonary manifestations of p. carinii infection in a patient receiving prophylaxis with dapsone. | 2001 | 11170960 |
| a randomized trial of the discontinuation of primary and secondary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after highly active antiretroviral therapy in patients with hiv infection. grupo de estudio del sida 04/98. | prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is indicated in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection who have less than 200 cd4 cells per cubic millimeter and in those with a history of p. carinii pneumonia. however, it is not clear whether prophylaxis can be safely discontinued after cd4 cell counts increase in response to highly active antiretroviral therapy. | 2001 | 11172138 |
| discontinuing pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis. | 2001 | 11172146 | |
| correlates of opportunistic infections in children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus managed before highly active antiretroviral therapy. | opportunistic infections (ois) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children infected with hiv. however, few data are available regarding the overall prevalence, incidence and immunologic correlates associated with these diseases in the pediatric hiv population. the pediatric aids clinical trials group (pactg) has conducted multicenter studies in hiv-infected children since 1988 and through these studies has collected prospective data on the immunologic and virologic status of st ... | 2001 | 11176565 |
| pneumocystis carinii cytochrome b mutations are associated with atovaquone exposure in patients with aids. | this retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine whether pneumocystis carinii cytochrome b gene mutations in patients with aids and p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) are associated with atovaquone exposure. portions of the p. carinii cytochrome b genes that were obtained from 60 patients with aids and pcp from 6 medical centers between 1995 and 1999 were amplified and sequenced by using polymerase chain reaction. fifteen patients with previous atovaquone prophylaxis or treatment exposure were ... | 2001 | 11181161 |
| [risk factors related to infections during the first year of highly active antiretroviral therapy]. | to evaluate the immunological, virological and clinical response of hiv-infected patients who start combined therapy with protease inhibitors (pi) in a community hospital. to identify risk factors related with infections. | 2001 | 11181268 |
| rapid detection of mutations in the human-derived pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase gene associated with sulfa resistance. | recent studies have shown that point mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) gene of human-derived pneumocystis carinii are related to exposure to sulfa drugs and possibly represent the emergence of sulfa resistance. we developed a simple single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) method to permit rapid detection of these mutations. with plasmid constructs, sscp was able to detect as little as 10% of a minority population. the sscp assay was compared to direct sequencing for typing ... | 2001 | 11181359 |
| discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with hiv infection who have a response to antiretroviral therapy. eight european study groups. | patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and a history of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia are at high risk for relapse if they are not given secondary prophylaxis. whether secondary prophylaxis against p. carinii pneumonia can be safely discontinued in patients who have a response to highly active antiretroviral therapy is not known. | 2001 | 11188837 |
| trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole induced aseptic meningitis in a renal transplant patient. | a 45-year-old man underwent renal transplant for end-stage renal disease complicating systemic lupus erythematosis. within 24 hours of initiating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) he developed fever and confusion. cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed a pleocytosis but cultures were negative. the patient improved within three days after cessation of the tmp-smx but symptoms recurred rapidly upon drug rechallenge. drug-induced aseptic ... | 2001 | 11200873 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without hiv infection. | pneumocystis carinii is an important, but sporadic, opportunistic pulmonary pathogen in immunosuppressed hiv seronegative persons. historically, patients at highest risk for p. carinii pneumonia are included infants with severe malnutrition, children with primary immunodeficiencies, patients with hematological malignancies, and recipients of solid organ or bone marrow transplants. recently, solid tumor patients, in particular those receiving high-dose corticosteroids for brain neoplasms, and pat ... | 2001 | 11202481 |
| the impact of cmv on the respiratory burst of macrophages in response to pneumocystis carinii. | infection of human monocyte-derived macrophages with cmv decreased the respiratory burst when cells were stimulated with opsonized zymosan or pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii). such an effect, though smaller, was also seen with heat-inactivated cmv, but only when triggered by zymosan. the effect was most pronounced in cells obtained from cmv antibody-negative donors. dexamethasone further reduced the respiratory burst, both in uninfected and cmv-infected cells. interferon-gamma increased the res ... | 2001 | 11207654 |
| pulmonary colonisation with pneumocystis carinii in an immunosuppressed hiv-negative patient: detection and typing of the fungus by pcr. | mostly pneumocystis carinii isolates from patients with acute pneumocystosis (pcp) have been typed until now. this report describes the typing of p. carinii organisms obtained from an hiv-negative patient without pcp. the patient underwent a broncho-alveolar lavage (bal) to investigate an abnormal chest x-ray. he was diagnosed with sarcoidosis. however, a low level of p. carinii organisms undetectable by microscopy was detected in bal fluid by two subsequent nested pcr assays: one assay amplifyi ... | 2001 | 11211229 |
| atovaquone suspension for treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients. | to describe clinical experience with atovaquone suspension for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in hiv-infected patients. | 2001 | 11216929 |
| [diagnosis. pneumocystis carinii]. | 2001 | 11218793 | |
| differential splicing of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase pre-mrna. | inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (impdh) is a rate-limiting enzyme in guanine nucleotide metabolism that has drawn attention as a drug target in several organisms. pneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii impdh mrna (genebank accession no: u42442) previously identified from cultured organisms yielded a predicted amino acid sequence about 70 amino acids shorter at the amino terminus than impdh from other species. recent research has shown that the amino terminal region is important for enzyme ac ... | 2001 | 11223253 |
| aetiology and outcome of pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children hospitalized in south africa. | to determine the aetiology and outcome of pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children, we prospectively investigated 250 children hospitalized with pneumonia who were known or clinically suspected to be hiv-positive, or who required intensive care support in cape town, south africa. blood culture, induced sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage, nasopharyngeal aspirate and gastric lavage were performed. of the total, 151 children (60.4%) were hiv-infected. pneumocystis carinii pne ... | 2001 | 11236037 |
| a case of pneumocystis pneumonia after cessation of secondary prophylaxis. | improvement in the immunological and virological profile of hiv-infected population during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart), has allowed guidelines on discontinuation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis to be published. a case of a 37-year-old homosexual man, who had sustained cd4 count over 200 cells/microl for 2 years while on secondary prophylaxis for pcp, who then developed pcp after cessation of prophylaxis, is presented. this case emphasizes the need ... | 2001 | 11236102 |
| immunosuppressed surfactant protein a-deficient mice have increased susceptibility to pneumocystis carinii infection. | immunosuppressed swiss black mice deficient in surfactant protein a (sp-a(-/-)) and wild-type control mice (sp-a(+/+)) were exposed to pneumocystis carinii by environmental exposure, intratracheal inoculation, and direct exposure to other infected animals. the frequency and intensity of p. carinii infection were significantly greater in the sp-a(-/-) mice by all 3 methods of exposure. p. carinii free of sp-a and alveolar macrophages were isolated from sp-a(-/-) mice and were tested in an in vitr ... | 2001 | 11237812 |
| the ste3 pheromone receptor gene of pneumocystis carinii is surrounded by a cluster of signal transduction genes. | although the clinical aspects of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia are well characterized, the basic biology of the causative organism is poorly understood. most proposed life cycles of p. carinii include both asexual and sexual replicative cycles. the two most prominent morphological forms are a trophic form, thought to undergo asexual replication by binary fission, and a cystic form or ascus containing intracystic bodies or ascospores, the products of sexual replication. to facilitate the pneumoc ... | 2001 | 11238389 |
| clinical correlation of variations in the internal transcribed spacer regions of rrna genes in pneumocystis carinii f.sp. hominis. | to analyse the importance of sequence variations in the internal transcribed spacer (its) regions 1 and 2 of the nuclear rrna operon in aids patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 2001 | 11242141 |