Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| replacement of maize with cassava sievates in cockerel starter diets: effect on performance and carcass characteristics. | 2002 | 11969113 | |
| effects of different fibre sources and fat addition on cholesterol and cholesterol-related lipids in blood serum, bile and body tissues of growing pigs. | knowledge is limited on the efficacy of hindgut-fermentable dietary fibre to reduce blood, bile and body tissue cholesterol levels. in three experiments with growing pigs the effects of different kinds and levels of bacterially fermentable fibre (bfs) on cholesterol metabolism were examined. various diets calculated to have similar contents of metabolizable energy were supplied for complete fattening periods. in the first experiment, a stepwise increase from 12 to 20% bfs was performed by supple ... | 2002 | 11972674 |
| population history of manihot esculenta (euphorbiaceae) inferred from nuclear dna sequences. | the nature of gene flow in plants -- including the propensity for interspecific introgression -- makes them interesting candidates for phylogeographical analysis. plant phylogeography studies have been limited, however, by the availability of suitable intraspecific variation. in this study, dna sequence variation from a nuclear gene [glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; (g3pdh)] was used to examine the population history of manihot esculenta ssp. flabellifolia and a potentially hybridizing ... | 2002 | 11975706 |
| cassava diet--a cause for mucopolysaccharidosis? | studies were carried out to determine the changes in glycosaminnoglycan (gag) metabolism in rats fed cassava with varying cyanoglucoside levels and two levels of protein. results indicated that there was an enhancement in the level of total and individual gag with a corresponding reduction in the activity of enzymes involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycan. these changes were significant for rats given a cassava diet (raw and boiled cassava) and low protein. the changes in total and indi ... | 2002 | 12049146 |
| a distinct bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: sternorrhyncha: aleyrodidae) genotype cluster is associated with the epidemic of severe cassava mosaic virus disease in uganda. | during the 1990s, an epidemic of cassava mosaic virus disease caused major losses to cassava production in uganda. two factors associated with the epidemic were the occurrence of a novel recombinant begomovirus, eacmv-ug, and unusually high populations of the whitefly vector, bemisia tabaci. here we present molecular evidence for the occurrence of two cassava-colonizing b. tabaci genotype clusters, ug1 and ug2, one of which, ug2, can be consistently associated with the cmd epidemic in uganda at ... | 2002 | 12074729 |
| co-adaptation between cassava mosaic geminiviruses and their local vector populations. | four cassava mosaic geminivirus (cmg) isolates; african cassava mosaic virus from namulonge, uganda (acmv-[nam]), east african cassava mosaic virus from mtwara, tanzania (eacmv-[mtw]), eacmv-uganda from namulonge (eacmv-ug[nam]) and indian cassava mosaic virus from trivandrum, india (icmv-[tri]) were compared for their ability to be transmitted by four colonies of cassava whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius), collected from namulonge (nam), mtwara (mtw), kumasi (kum) and trivandrum (tri). with 2 ... | 2002 | 12076831 |
| bacterial population of a two-phase anaerobic digestion process treating effluent of cassava starch factory. | different groups of microorganisms in a two-phase anaerobic system were enumerated to evaluate the prevalence of specific groups and species. total and fecal coliforms showed similar values both in acidogenic and methanogenic reactors. the fecal streptococci were 4-fold higher in the acidogenic reactor, when compared with those of the methanogenic reactor. as expected, no methane forming or sulfate reducing bacteria were found in the acidogenic reactor. the populations of methanogenic bacteria w ... | 2002 | 12088382 |
| new efficient amylase-producing strains of lactobacillus plantarum and l. fermentum isolated from different nigerian traditional fermented foods. | amylolytic lactic acid bacteria (alab) were isolated from nigerian traditional fermented foods (fufu, burukutu, ogi-baba and kunu-zakki) with the aim of selecting efficient amylase-producing strains. nine isolates were characterized on the basis of their phenotypic and taxo-molecular characteristics. three groups could be distinguished by their fermentation profiles and this was confirmed by dna restriction analysis. though fermentation profiles gave good identification of strain k9 (unique repr ... | 2002 | 11843413 |
| exopolysaccharide production from sclerotium glucanicum nrrl 3006 and botryosphaeria rhodina dabac-p82 on raw and hydrolysed starchy materials. | evaluation of fermentative usage of raw starchy materials for exopolysaccharide (eps) production by sclerotium glucanicum nrrl 3006 and botryosphaeria rhodina dabac-p82. | 2002 | 11849493 |
| neuropathologic study of long term cyanide administration to goats. | cyanogenic glycosides, which release cyanide, are present in several plant species of high importance for animal production, such as cassava and sorghum. several human neurological diseases have been associated with chronic cyanide exposure. on the other hand, these effects in ruminants are almost unknown. thus, the objective of the present study was to determine the long-term lesions of the central nervous system (cns) caused by daily administration of potassium cyanide (kcn) to goats. thirty-f ... | 2002 | 12176095 |
| in vitro, greenhouse and field assessments of cassava lines for resistance to anthracnose disease caused by colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. manihotis. | fifty-three cassava lines were selected from breeding populations at the international institute of tropical agriculture (iita), ibadan, nigeria and screened in vitro for resistance to cassava anthracnose disease (cad). the in vitro inoculation of stem cuttings with the fungus colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. manihotis showed significant differences (p +/- 0.05) in acervuli production and in the sensitivity of the cassava lines to the fungal infection after 7 days of incubation at 25 degrees ... | 2002 | 12206320 |
| the clinicopathologic significance of enriching grated cassava mash with red palm oil in the production of gari. | the neglect of traditional processing methods in the production of gari (toasted cassava granules) has been blamed for reported cases of poisoning following consumption of gari. this study investigated the nutritional and clinicopathologic effects of not enriching cassava mash with red palm oil (rpo) during gari production. two gari samples were produced with and without rpo. total cyanogen, acetone cyanohydrin, free cyanogen, and crude protein contents were not found to be significantly (p > 0. ... | 2002 | 12602937 |
| plant feeding by a predatory mite inhabiting cassava. | plant feeding by arthropod predators may strongly affect the dynamics of bi-and tri-trophic interactions. we tested whether a predatory mite, typhlodromalus aripo, feeds upon its host plant, cassava. this predator species is an effective biological control agent of monoychellus tanajoa (the cassava green mite or cgm) a herbivorous mite specific to cassava. we developed a technique to detect plant feeding, based on the use of a systemic insecticide. we found that t. aripo feeds upon plant-borne m ... | 2002 | 12593510 |
| tropical calcific pancreatitis: strong association with spink1 trypsin inhibitor mutations. | tropical calcific pancreatitis (tcp) is a chronic pancreatitis unique to developing countries in tropical regions. the cause of tcp is obscure. whereas environmental factors, such as protein energy malnutrition and ingestion of cassava, have been implicated, a genetic predisposition to the disease also may be important. in the present study we report on mutations in the serine protease inhibitor, kazal type 1 (spink1) gene in north indian patients with tcp. | 2002 | 12360463 |
| optimisation of batch culture conditions for cyclodextrin glucanotransferase production from bacillus circulans df 9r. | background: the extracellular enzyme cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (cgtase) synthesizes cyclic malto-oligosaccharides called cyclodextrins (cds) from starch and related alpha-1,4-glucans. cgtases are produced by a variety of bacteria, mainly bacillus species, by submerged culture in complex medium. cgtases differ in the amount and types of cds produced. in addition, cgtase production is highly dependent on the strain, medium composition and culture conditions. therefore we undertook this study ... | 2002 | 12392599 |
| gibberellic acid production by solid-state fermentation in coffee husk. | five strains of gibberella fujikuroi and one of fusarium moniliforme were screened for the production of gibberellic acid (ga3) in coffee husk, and based on the results, one strain, g. fujikuroi lpb-06, was selected. the comparative production of ga3 by solid-state fermentation and submerged fermentation indicated better productivity with the former technique, mainly with pretreated substrate. the ga3 accumulation was 6.1 times higher in the case of solid-state fermentation. considering the c:n ... | 2002 | 12396121 |
| adaptation to the digestion of nutrients of a starch diet or a non-starch polysaccharide diet in group-housed pregnant sows. | a trial was conducted with twenty group-housed pregnant sows to study the adaptation in nutrient digestibility to a starch-rich diet or a diet with a high level of fermentable non-starch polysaccharides (nsp) during a time period of 6 weeks. the starch-rich diet was primarily composed of wheat, peas and tapioca, whereas soya bean hulls and sugar beet pulp, which both are highly fermentable nsp sources, were used to formulate the nsp-rich diet. the starch-rich diet and the nsp-rich diet were form ... | 2002 | 12534834 |
| characterisation of sri lankan cassava mosaic virus and indian cassava mosaic virus: evidence for acquisition of a dna b component by a monopartite begomovirus. | two bipartite begomoviruses, indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv) and sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv), have been isolated from mosaic-diseased cassava originating from central india and sri lanka, respectively. icmv was transmitted with low efficiency from cassava to nicotiana benthamiana by sap inoculation to give leaf curl symptoms. slcmv was much more virulent in this host, producing severe stunting, leaf curl, and chlorosis. these symptoms were reproduced when their cloned genomic comp ... | 2002 | 11853400 |
| progress in breeding for trace minerals in staple crops. | staples are not considered an important source of minerals in the diet. however, because of high staple consumption, any increase in mineral concentration might well have a significant effect on human nutrition and health. the nutritional quality of staple crops (rice, cassava, wheat, maize and beans) can be improved by breeding. studies have shown the potential to exploit the genetic variation in seed concentration of iron and other minerals without the general negative effect on yield of addin ... | 2002 | 11880579 |
| mutation of three cysteine residues in tomato yellow leaf curl virus-china c2 protein causes dysfunction in pathogenesis and posttranscriptional gene-silencing suppression. | the nuclear localized c2 protein of the monopartite begomovirus tomato yellow leaf curl virus-china (tylcv-c) contributes to viral pathogenicity. here, we have investigated tylcv-c c2 protein domains that play a role in the phenotype. alignment of the c2 protein with 67 homologues from monopartite and bipartite begomoviruses revealed that a putative zinc-finger motif c36-x1-c38-x7-c46-x6-h53-x4-h58c59 and four potential phosphorylation sites (t52, s61, y68, and s74) are highly conserved. when ex ... | 2002 | 11952122 |
| degradation of cell wall materials from sweetpotato, cassava, and potato by a bacterial protopectinase and terminal sugar analysis of the resulting solubilized products. | cell wall materials (cwms) from sweetpotato, cassava, and potato starch residues were degraded using a crude enzyme solution from the culture filtrate of a bacillus sp. isolated from soil, bacillus sp. m4. this organism has been found to secrete polygalacturonic acid lyase (pgl) and glycan depolymerase activities, especially arabinanase, but cellulase activity was nearly absent. sugar analysis of the solubilized product after enzyme treatment at ph 7.0 revealed that it is mainly composed of gala ... | 2002 | 16233167 |
| cytogenetics of manihot esculenta crantz (cassava) and eight related species. | thirty-nine cultivars of cassava and eight related wild species of manihot were analyzed in this work for number, morphology and size of chromosomes, prophase condensation pattern and the structure of the interphase nucleus. in four accessions, the chromosome size was measured and in some others, the number of secondary constrictions, meiotic behavior, c-band pattern, cma/dapi bands, nucleoli number and the location of 5s and 18s-5.8s-28s rdna sites were also observed. all investigated accession ... | 2002 | 12369103 |
| development and sensory acceptability of crackers made from the big-eye fish (brachydeuterus auritus). | the big-eye (brachydeuterus auritus), which is present in a large biomass in the gulf of guinea, is generally considered an underutilized fish species. in an attempt to add value, it was used to complement cassava starch (manihot esculenta crantz) to produce fish crackers. three levels of fish (40%, 50%, and 60%) and three levels of starch (60%, 50%, and 40%) were used in the formulations. proximate analyses and sensory evaluations were carried out. the protein, fat, and ash contents increased w ... | 2002 | 12362597 |
| genetic analysis and qtl mapping of early root bulking in an f1 population of non-inbred parents in cassava ( manihot esculenta crantz). | the genetic basis of early bulking in cassava was studied in a replicated, multi-locational trial using 144 f1 progeny derived from an intra-specific cross between two non-inbred parents. a second, sequential harvest experiment examined the relative importance of eight yield-related traits on early bulking and their qtls during the crop growth cycle. our objectives were to identify traits, and genes controlling them, strongly associated with early yield as a first step to marker-assisted improve ... | 2002 | 12582871 |
| genetic mapping of a dominant gene conferring resistance to cassava mosaic disease. | cassava mosaic disease (cmd) is the most-important disease of cassava ( manihot esculenta) in africa, and is a potential threat to latin american (la) cassava production. although this viral disease is still unknown in la, its vector - the whitefly - has recently been found. the disease is best controlled through host-plant resistance, which was first found in third backcross derivatives of an interspecific cross between cassava and manihot glaziovii, and is thought to be polygenic. recently, hi ... | 2002 | 12582500 |
| daily ingestion of 232th, 238u, 226ra, 228ra and 210pb in vegetables by inhabitants of rio de janeiro city. | the concentrations of the naturally occurring radionuclides 232th, 238u, 210pb, 226ra and 238ra were determined in the vegetables (leafy vegetables, fruit, root, bean and rice) and derived products (sugar, coffee, manioc flour, wheat flour, corn flour and pasta) consumed most by the adult inhabitants of rio de janeiro city. a total of 88 samples from 26 different vegetables and derived products were analyzed. the highest contribution to radionuclide intake arises from bean, wheat flour, manioc f ... | 2002 | 12141609 |
| effect of medium salt concentration on differentiation and maturation of somatic embryos of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | culture of cassava somatic embryos on media with an altered macro- and micro-nutrient salt concentration affected embryo development and germination capability. in the tests, quarter-, half-, full- or double-strength murashige and skoog (ms) media were compared. the maximum number of somatic embryos differentiated from a proliferative nodular embryogenic callus (nec) on either half- or full-strength ms medium, and the greatest numbers of cotyledonary stage embryos were formed on full-strength ms ... | 2002 | 12099540 |
| wild manihot species do not possess c4 photosynthesis. | cultivated cassava (manihot esculenta) has a higher rate of photosynthesis than is usual for c3 plants and photosynthesis is not light saturated. for these reasons it has been suggested that cultivated cassava could be derived from wild species possessing c4 photosynthesis. the natural abundance of 13c and activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and phosphoglycolate phosphatase were measured in leaves of 20 wild cassava species to test this hypothesis. all the species studied, including m. ... | 2002 | 12096814 |
| food safety and amino acid balance in processed cassava "cossettes". | processed cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) roots provide more than 60% of the daily energy intake for the population of the democratic republic of congo. insufficiently processed cassava roots in a diet deficient in sulfur amino acid have been reported to cause the irreversible paralytic disease konzo, afflicting thousands of women and children in the remote rural areas of bandundu province. "cossettes" (processed cassava roots) purchased in several markets of kinshasa were analyzed for their ... | 2002 | 11982439 |
| apomixis and cassava. | apomixis means seed formation without fertilization. in cassava (manihot esculenta) it is an alternative to reproduction by cuttings, which normally transmits pathogens and leads to an accumulation of viral and bacterial diseases. apomixis also assures preservation of heterosis and avoids genetic segregation. it occurs in wild relatives of cassava and has been transferred successfully from manihot glaziovii and m. neusana. it is facultative, and occurs at a low frequency, ranging from 1-2%, and ... | 2002 | 14963841 |
| cassava, manihot esculenta crantz, genetic resources: origin of the crop, its evolution and relationships with wild relatives. | about 98 species of manihot are known. all of them are native to the new world and are concentrated in four regions in brazil and central america. all the manihot species so far examined have 2n = 36 chromosomes. interspecific hybrids between cassava and its wild relatives show relatively normal meiosis, and further generations can be obtained. electrophoresis shows affinity among wild species of different sections, and between some of them and cassava. both polyploidy and apomixis may have cont ... | 2002 | 14963820 |
| properties and applications of starch-converting enzymes of the alpha-amylase family. | starch is a major storage product of many economically important crops such as wheat, rice, maize, tapioca, and potato. a large-scale starch processing industry has emerged in the last century. in the past decades, we have seen a shift from the acid hydrolysis of starch to the use of starch-converting enzymes in the production of maltodextrin, modified starches, or glucose and fructose syrups. currently, these enzymes comprise about 30% of the world's enzyme production. besides the use in starch ... | 2002 | 11796168 |
| structure determinants of substrate specificity of hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta. | tryptophan 128 of hydroxynitrile lyase of manihot esculenta (mehnl) covers a significant part of a hydrophobic channel that gives access to the active site of the enzyme. this residue was therefore substituted in the mutant mehnl-w128a by alanine to study its importance for the substrate specificity of the enzyme. wild-type mehnl and mehnl-w128a showed comparable activity on the natural substrate acetone cyanohydrin (53 and 40 u/mg, respectively). however, the specific activities of mehnl-w128a ... | 2002 | 11742123 |
| carbon from cassava peel, an agricultural waste, as an adsorbent in the removal of dyes and metal ions from aqueous solution. | cassava (manihot esculenta) is a short lived erect perennial shrub, planted vegetatively from hard wood stem cuttings. it is an important crop across a wide range of tropical environments and is a significant component of cropping systems. cassava peel is an agricultural waste from the food processing industry. activated carbons prepared from waste cassava peel employing physical and chemical methods were tested for their efficiency in the removal of dyes and metal ions from aqueous solution. wh ... | 2001 | 11601548 |
| unmanaged sexual reproduction and the dynamics of genetic diversity of a vegetatively propagated crop plant, cassava (manihot esculenta crantz), in a traditional farming system. | occurrence of intervarietal or interspecific natural crosses has been reported for many crop plants in traditional farming systems, underlining the potential importance of this source of genetic exchange for the dynamics of genetic diversity of crop plants. in this study, we use microsatellite loci to investigate the role of volunteer seedlings (plants originating from unmanaged sexual reproduction) in the dynamics of genetic diversity of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz), a vegetatively propag ... | 2001 | 11555234 |
| characterization of sucrose uptake system in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | a leaf disc system was developed to study sucrose uptake in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). the uptake of (u-(14)c) sucrose by cassava leaf discs followed michaelis-menten kinetics with a k(m) value for sucrose of 1.3 mm. it was found to be strongly inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents, n-ethylmaleimide, p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate and iodoacetate. several metabolic inhibitors were also tested. among these, dinitrophenol, chlorocarbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone, phloridzin and vanadate inhib ... | 2001 | 11448748 |
| mechanistic aspects of cyanogenesis from active-site mutant ser80ala of hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta in complex with acetone cyanohydrin. | the structure and function of hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta (mehnl) have been analyzed by x-ray crystallography and site-directed mutagenesis. the crystal structure of the mehnl-s80a mutant enzyme has been refined to an r-factor of 18.0% against diffraction data to 2.1-a resolution. the three-dimensional structure of the mehnl-s80a-acetone cyanohydrin complex was determined at 2.2-a resolution and refined to an r-factor of 18.7%. thr11 and cys81 involved in substrate binding have b ... | 2001 | 11316882 |
| [is manioc a diabetogenic factor? apropos of a case of diabetes mellitus with a large consumption of crude manioc]. | the case of a 24 year-old comorian male patient consuming large amounts of cooked and uncooked cassava and suffering of malnutrition since his boyhood is reported. the patient presented a diabetes mellitus by chronic calcific pancreatitis with retinopathy and neuropathy. the protein deficiency associated with eating uncooked cassava may be recognised as a factor of calcific pancreatitis diabetes. other factors might be associated such as the environment as well as immunological and genetic chara ... | 2001 | 11845523 |
| structure of hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta in complex with substrates acetone and chloroacetone: implications for the mechanism of cyanogenesis. | the crystal structures of hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta (mehnl) complexed with the native substrate acetone and substrate analogue chloroacetone have been determined and refined at 2.2 a resolution. the substrates are positioned in the active site by hydrogen-bond interactions of the carbonyl o atom with thr11 og, ser80 og and, to a lesser extent, cys81 sg. these studies support a mechanism for cyanogenesis as well as for the stereospecific mehnl-catalyzed formation of (s)-cyanohyd ... | 2001 | 11173464 |
| microsatellite variation in cassava (manihot esculenta, euphorbiaceae) and its wild relatives: further evidence for a southern amazonian origin of domestication. | genetic variation at five microsatellite loci was used to investigate the evolutionary and geographical origins of cassava (manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta) and the population structure of cassava's wild relatives. two hundred and twelve individuals were sampled, representing 20 crop accessions, 27 populations of cassava's closest wild relative (m. esculenta subsp. flabellifolia), and six populations of a potentially hybridizing species (m. pruinosa). seventy-three alleles were observed acros ... | 2001 | 11159133 |
| amylopectin aggregation as a function of starch phosphate content studied by size exclusion chromatography and on-line refractive index and light scattering. | starches with a natural 65-fold span in covalently bound phosphate content were prepared from five different crops including sorghum, cassava, three potato varieties and an exotic ginger plant, curcuma zedoaria, with extreme starch phosphate content. these starches were subjected to size exclusion chromatography with refractive index detection (sec/ri). a simple and rapid method for starch solubilisation was used. the conditions during solubilisation (2 m naoh) and separation (10 mm naoh, 50 deg ... | 2001 | 11325429 |
| production of ethanol from liquefied cassava starch using co-immobilized cells of zymomonas mobilis and saccharomyces diastaticus. | co-immobilized cells of saccharomyces diastaticus and zymomonas mobilis produced a high ethanol concentration compared to immobilized cells of s. diastaticus during batch fermentation of liquefied cassava starch. the co-immobilized cells produced 46.7 g/l ethanol from 150 g/l liquefied cassava starch, while immobilized cells of yeast s. diastaticus produced 37.5 g/l ethanol. the concentration of ethanol produced by immobilized cells was higher than that by free cells of s. diastaticus and z. mob ... | 2001 | 16233146 |
| cassava starch maltodextrinization/monomerization through thermopressurized aqueous phosphoric acid hydrolysis. | kinetic conditions were established for the depolymerization of cassava starch for the production of maltodextrins and glucose syrups. thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses corroborated that the proper h3po4 strength and thermopressurization range (e.g., 142-170 degrees c; 2.8-6.8 atm) can be successfully explored for such hydrolytic purposes of native starch granules. because phosphoric acid can be advantageously maintained in the hydrolysate and generate ... | 2001 | 11963875 |
| solid-state fermentation of phytase from cassava dregs. | phytases produced by numerous microorganisms and plants degrade phytic acid that has chelated with metal ions in food and feed. it is important to study phytase for the role of metal ions in nutrition of animals and humans as well as in the reduction of organic phosphate content of aqueous environment. this article reports on solid-state fermentation of phytase from a new substrate of cassava dregs. large quantities of cassava dregs are produced in tropical areas as a byproduct of cassava starch ... | 2001 | 11963905 |
| molecular evidence for diverse populations of cassava-infecting begomoviruses in southern africa. | in this paper we describe results obtained from screening field populations of begomoviruses from infected cassava from six countries in southern africa. it was found that african cassava mosaic virus occurs in five of the six countries (except angola), east african cassava mosaic virus is present in five countries (except zambia) and south african cassava mosaic virus was detected only in south africa and swaziland. in addition, we report for the first time in southern africa, the appearance of ... | 2001 | 11699964 |
| tropical plant pathology: at home and abroad. | i first describe my introduction to plant pathology and early experiences with employment, the environment, diseases, pests, and various plant pathologists. then i recount a decade of stimulating studies at the university of minnesota and the route i followed to a career in international agriculture with the rockefeller foundation in colombia and later at cornell university. my appreciation for and knowledge of traditional farmers and sustainable agriculture occurred as a slow awakening. comment ... | 2001 | 11701856 |
| differential esterase expression in leaves of manihot esculenta crantz infected with xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis. | the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system (page) and inhibition tests for biochemical characterization of alpha- and beta-esterases were used to obtain a functional classification of esterases in plants and to show a differential expression of esterases as markers of pathogenesis in cassava plants (manihot esculenta crantz). the characterization of alpha- and beta-esterases from leaves of m. esculenta by the page system was possible using an extraction solution containing two phenol-complexi ... | 2001 | 11758725 |
| effects of a nonforage diet on milk production, energy, and nitrogen metabolism in dairy goats throughout lactation. | the objective of the experiment was to compare a silage-based control diet (c) with a nonforage diet (nf) in dairy goats throughout lactation in terms of animal performance and energy utilization. eight saanen goats were divided into two groups and fed c or nf, a commercial blend that included sunflower meal, cassava, coconut meal, and whole cottonseeds as the main ingredients that was characterized by a small particle size and a high crude protein content. in early, mid, and late lactation (44, ... | 2001 | 11768086 |
| phytate from an alternative dietary supplement has no effect on the calcium, iron and zinc status in undernourished rats. | a mixture of cereal bran, eggshells and cassava leaf powder, known as multimixture (mm), has been widely used in developing countries as a dietary supplement to combat malnutrition in children. the introduction of phytate from cereal bran in infant diets has generated serious controversy about mm due to the mineral chelating effect of phytate. this paper reports on a study to investigate the bioavailability of calcium, iron and zinc in rats fed with a deficient diet supplemented with mm. underno ... | 2001 | 11791478 |
| complete nucleotide sequence and host range of south african cassava mosaic virus: further evidence for recombination amongst begomoviruses. | complete nucleotide sequences of the dna-a (2800 nt) and dna-b (2760 nt) components of a novel cassava-infecting begomovirus, south african cassava mosaic virus (sacmv), were determined and compared with various new world and old world begomoviruses. sacmv is most closely related to east african cassava mosaic virus (eacmv) in both its dna-a (85% with eacmv-mh and -mk) and -b (90% with eacmv-ug2-mld and eacmv-ug3-svr) components; however, percentage sequence similarities of less than 90% in the ... | 2001 | 11125158 |
| identification of essential active-site residues in the cyanogenic beta-glucosidase (linamarase) from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) by site-directed mutagenesis. | the coding sequence of the mature cyanogenic beta-glucosidase (beta-glucoside glucohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.21; linamarase) was cloned into the vector pyx243 modified to contain the suc2 yeast secretion signal sequence and expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae. the recombinant enzyme is active, glycosylated and showed similar stability to the plant protein. michaelis constants for hydrolysis of the natural substrate, linamarin (k(m)=1.06 mm) and the synthetic p-nitrophenyl beta-d-glucopyranoside (pnp ... | 2001 | 11139381 |
| hydroxypropyl-distarch phosphate from tapioca starch reduces zinc and iron absorption, but not calcium and magnesium absorption, in rats. | male rats were fed a fiber-free, purified diet containing either gelatinized tapioca starch that was not modified chemically (ts, 50 g/kg diet) or gelatinized chemically modified tapioca starch (cms, 50 g/kg) for 21 d. ts was used as the control. the six kinds of gelatinized hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (hdp) from tapioca with two different degrees of substitution (ds) and three different degrees of cross-linking (dc) were used as cms sources. the wet weight and moisture of fecal output of t ... | 2001 | 11160549 |
| recombination, pseudorecombination and synergism of geminiviruses are determinant keys to the epidemic of severe cassava mosaic disease in uganda. | the molecular variability of cassava geminiviruses occurring in uganda was investigated in this study. infected cassava plants and whiteflies were collected from cassava plantings in different geographical areas of the country and pcr was used for molecular characterization of the viruses. two complete sequences of dna-a and -b from african cassava mosaic virus (acmv), two dna-a sequences from east african cassava mosaic virus (eacmv), two dna-b sequences of eacmv and the partial dna-a nucleotid ... | 2001 | 11172108 |
| the size of encapsidated single-stranded dna determines the multiplicity of african cassava mosaic virus particles. | transgenic nicotiana benthamiana plants harbouring a defective interfering (di) dna of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and control plants were inoculated with acmv. virus particles were purified from infected plants, separated in sucrose gradients and fractions were analysed by southern blotting. transgenic plant-derived virus particles taken from the top fractions of sucrose gradients contained di dna, middle fractions contained a mixture of genomic and di dna and bottom fractions contained ... | 2001 | 11172110 |
| performance of growing goats fed gliricidia maculata. | sixteen female crossbred (localxanglo-nubian) goats raised from 20-30kg were fed a basal diet of cassava chips, cotton seed cake, rice bran and rice straw, where 0, 30, 40 or 50% of the diet dry matter was replaced with leaves from gliricidia maculata. all the diets containing gliricidia resulted in a higher intake than the diet without gliricidia, but the diet with 30% gliricidia gave the best intake and the highest growth rate, 105g per day. total intake was 2.8% of the body weight (bw). five ... | 2001 | 11182303 |
| effects of dietary fermentable carbohydrates on energy metabolism in group-housed sows. | the effect of dietary nonstarch polysaccharide (nsp) content on the metabolic rate in group-housed sows was studied. twelve groups of six nonpregnant sows were each fed one of four experimental diets similar in composition except for the starch and nsp content. exchanging sugar beet pulp silage (sbps) for tapioca created the difference in starch and nsp ratio in the diet. on a dm basis, diets contained 0, 10, 20, or 30% sbps. sows were group-housed and fed at 1.30 times the assumed maintenance e ... | 2001 | 11204695 |
| effect of dietary factors on the detection of fecal occult blood in cats. | eight different diets were each fed to 6 cats to evaluate the effect on a guaiac and an o-tolidine fecal occult blood test. fecal samples were collected from day 5 through day 7. canine blood or pure cottage cheese were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. one hundred thirty-four fecal samples were analyzed. the dry fish (capelin) and vegetable (tapioca) diet and the pure cottage cheese diet had only negative results in both tests, whereas a canned chicken and cereal (rice) diet ... | 2001 | 11289220 |
| does prolonged cyanide exposure have a diabetogenic effect? | cyanide exposure through cassava consumption has been associated with the development of malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus (mrdm). however, there are few experimental reproductions of this disease. in the present study 42 rats received 0, 9.0 or 12.0 mg kcn/kg bw/d for 15 d, 26 pigs were dosed with 0, 2.0, 4.0 or 6.0 mg kcn/kg for 74 d, and 34 goats received 0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 or 3.0 mg kcn/kg for 5 mo. at the end of each experimental period, plasma samples were obtained for glucose and thioc ... | 2001 | 11308117 |
| cooperativity and substrate specificity of an alkaline amylase and neopullulanase complex of micrococcus halobius or-1. | the saccharifying alkaline amylase and neopullulanase complex of micrococcus halobius or-1 hydrolyzes both alpha-(1,4)- and alpha-(1,6)-glycosidic linkages of different linear and branched polysaccharides. the following observations were made concerning the analysis of the coexpressed amylase and neopullulanase enzymes. even though the enzymes were subjected to a rigorous purification protocol, the activities could not be separated, because both the enzymes were found to migrate in a single peak ... | 2001 | 11318036 |
| cassava-soy weaning food: biological evaluation and effects on rat organs. | weaning food was formulated using a cassava product, 'tapioca' (tap), supplemented with roasted-sprouted soybeans (ss), with and without additional (10%) malted sorghum flour (ms). biological evaluation was carried out on the formulations using 4-5 week old weanling albino rats, with cerelac (a commercial maize-milk weaning food) as the control diet. there were increases in growth rate of rats fed with both the test and control diets. there were no significant (p >0.05) differences between the t ... | 2001 | 11318505 |
| methanobacterium congolense sp. nov., from a methanogenic fermentation of cassava peel. | strain ct, a non-motile, mesophilic, hydrogenotrophic, methanogenic bacterium, was isolated from an anaerobic digester used for the treatment of raw cassava-peel waste in congo. the cells were rods, 0.4-0.5 x 2-10 microm in size, and stained gram-positive. hydrogen and carbon dioxide were the only substrates that supported growth and methane production. methane production, but not growth, occurred with co2 in the presence of either 2-propanol, 2-butanol or cyclopentanol as hydrogen donors. the t ... | 2001 | 11321095 |
| dynamics of the microbial community responsible for traditional sour cassava starch fermentation studied by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative rrna hybridization. | the microbial community developing during the spontaneous fermentation of sour cassava starch was investigated by cultivation-independent methods. denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) of partially amplified 16s rdna followed by sequencing of the most intense bands showed that the dominant organisms were all lactic acid bacteria (lab), mainly close relatives of bifidobacterium minimum, lactococcus lactis, streptococcus sp., enterococcus saccharolyticus and lactobacillus plantarum., clos ... | 2001 | 11322700 |
| simultaneous analysis of the bidirectional african cassava mosaic virus promoter activity using two different luciferase genes. | the expression of geminivirus genes is controlled by bidirectional promoters which are located in the large intergenic region of the circular dna genomes and specifically regulated by virus encoded proteins. in order to study the simultaneous regulation of both orientations of the dna a and dna b promoters of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv), they were cloned between two different luciferase genes with the firefly luciferase gene in complementary-sense and the renilla luciferase gene in virio ... | 2001 | 11324760 |
| [cloning, expression and preliminary application of a alpha-hydroxynitrile lyase from cassave]. | alpha-hydroxynitrile lyase (me-hnls, e.c. 4.1.2.3.37) from the cyanogenic crop cassava(manihot esculentz, crantz) catalyze the condensation of hydrocyanic acid and aldehydes or ketone into (s)-cyanohydrins, which are valuable starting material for various optically active compounds, such as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. the cdna of a me-hnl were obtained by rt-pcr and cloned. the sequencing result for the cdna showed that the sequence encoded for the me-hnl was inconsistent with all those w ... | 2001 | 11330194 |
| expression of the oligomerization domain of the replication-associated protein (rep) of tomato leaf curl new delhi virus interferes with dna accumulation of heterologous geminiviruses. | the minimal dna binding domain of the replication-associated protein (rep) of tomato leaf curl new delhi virus was determined by electrophoretic mobility gel shift analysis and co-purification assays. dna binding activity maps to amino acids 1-160 (rep-(1-160)) of the rep protein and overlaps with the protein oligomerization domain. transient expression of rep protein (rep-(1-160)) was found to inhibit homologous viral dna accumulation by 70-86% in tobacco protoplasts and in nicotiana benthamian ... | 2001 | 11342533 |
| dietary factors in relation to the distribution of duodenal ulcer in india as assessed by studies in rats. | the prevalence of duodenal ulcer is less in the northern wheat-eating regions of india and china than in the southern rice-eating areas. | 2001 | 11350544 |
| origin and environmental setting of ancient agriculture in the lowlands of mesoamerica. | archaeological research in the gulf coast of tabasco reveals the earliest record of maize cultivation in mexico. the first farmers settled along beach ridges and lagoons of the grijalva river delta. pollen from cultivated zea appears with evidence of forest clearing about 5100 calendar years b.c. (yr b.c.) [6200 (14)c years before the present (yr b.p.)]. large zea sp. pollen, typical of domesticated maize (zea mays), appears about 5000 calendar yr b.c. (6000 yr b.p.). a manihot sp. pollen grain ... | 2001 | 11359011 |
| microbial ecology of muffins baked from cassava and other nonwheat flours. | cassava flour was evaluated as a partial substitute for wheat flour in gluten-free muffins. four replicate test bakes were carried out to evaluate the microbial ecology of two muffin mixes, made with different combinations of cassava, soya, sorghum, sago, and potato flour. the muffins were baked at 180 degrees c for 25 min, stored at 30 degrees c and analysed microbiologically for up to 10 days post-baking. raw materials were similarly analysed microbiologically on the day of baking. characteriz ... | 2001 | 11368089 |
| characteristics and significance of yeasts' involvement in cassava fermentation for 'fufu' production. | six different strains of yeast, namely candida krusei, c. tropicalis, pichia saitoi, saccharomyces cerevisiae, p. anomala and zygosaccharomyces bailii were found present in cassava-fermenting water in the early part of the fermentation. the latter part of the fermentation was dominated in all cases by three strains of yeast namely c. krusei, c. tropicalis and z. bailii. all the yeast strains exhibited amylolytic capabilities while none was able to produce cellulase. all the strains except zygosa ... | 2001 | 11393690 |
| physiopathological effects of the administration of chronic cyanide to growing goats--a model for ingestion of cyanogenic plants. | ingestion of cyanogenic plants, such as cassava and sorghum, has been associated with goitre and tropical pancreatic diabetes in both humans and animals. thus, the objective of the present study was to determine the toxic effects on the thyroid and pancreas in growing goats of prolonged exposure to potassium cyanide (kcn). thirty-four male goats were divided into five groups dosed with kcn at 0 (control). 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 or 3.0 mg/kg daily for 5 months. blood samples were obtained in order to dete ... | 2001 | 11469509 |
| subcellular targeting of the coat protein of african cassava mosaic geminivirus. | the coat protein (cp) of geminiviruses is involved in a number of processes during the life cycle of the virus. the predominant function is encapsidation of single-stranded dna and formation of the virus particle to protect viral dna during transmission. the cp of monopartite geminiviruses is absolutely essential for virus movement, whereas cp mutants of bipartite geminiviruses are able to infect some host plants systemically, indicating an involvement of the cp in host specificity. during the l ... | 2001 | 11485405 |
| [social exchange and inference: an experimental study with the wason selection task]. | social contract theory (cosmides, 1989) posits that the human mind was equipped with inference faculty specialized for cheater detection. cosmides (1989) conducted a series of experiments employing the wason selection task to demonstrate that her social contract theory could account for the content effects reported in the literature. the purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility that the results were due to experimental artifacts. in the current experiment, the subject was given t ... | 2001 | 11494657 |
| [use of diet containing yeast protein (saccharomyces cerevisiae): effects upon pregnancy, lactation and development in rats]. | the nutritive value of manioc flour (manihot esculenta) enriched with yeast protein (saccharomyces cerevisiae) added to a food mixture most frequently consumed by low-income populations was assessed in female wistar rats (n = 30; 100-120 days old). animals were divided into three groups, mated and had free access to diets and water. diets were as follows: beans, rice, yeast-enriched manioc flour (brymf17); beans, rice, manioc flour (brmf13); casein (17% protein) (cas17). body weight gains and fo ... | 2001 | 11515236 |
| effect of different cultivation conditions on lactobacillus manihotivorans ond32t, an amylolytic lactobacillus isolated from sour starch cassava fermentation. | study of the cassava sour starch fermentation has led to the isolation of a new homofermentative amylolytic lactic acid bacterium, lactobacillus manihotivorans ond32t, whose nutritional requirements have been investigated in this work. the main effect of deleting one of the substrate components of the mrs-starch medium was to reduce the amylase production. when starch fermentation with nitrogen as a gas phase was compared to fermentation under aerobic conditions, both growth and amylase producti ... | 2001 | 11518431 |
| starch digestion rate in the small intestine of broiler chickens differs among feedstuffs. | dietary starch is the major energy source for broiler chickens, and knowledge about its digestive behavior can be important. in a digestibility trial with 720 broiler chickens, site, rate and extent of starch digestion were measured for 12 feedstuffs. starch digestion was determined using the slaughter technique, which involves removal of the small intestine from the recently killed chicken, with manual collection of the contents. starch digestion coefficients were calculated from remaining star ... | 2001 | 11533275 |
| seroprevalences of vector-transmitted infections of small-holder dairy cattle in coastal kenya. | a cross-sectional study was carried out from july to september 1989 in kaloleni division, coast province, kenya to estimate the prevalence of vector-transmitted diseases in small-holder dairy cattle and to identify the risk factors associated with different management systems. one hundred and thirty of the 157 herds with dairy cattle in kaloleni division were surveyed. these were from three agro-ecological zones (coconut-cassava, cashew nut-cassava and livestock-millet), comprised two management ... | 2001 | 11566374 |
| a longitudinal study of disease incidence and case-fatality risks on small-holder dairy farms in coastal kenya. | a longitudinal study was carried out in the coastal lowlands coconut-cassava agro-ecological zone of kaloleni division, coast province, kenya between june 1990 and december 1991 to estimate disease incidence and cause-specific case-fatality risk in an average of 120 cattle in 26 small-holder dairy herds kept in two grazing-management systems. east coast fever (ecf) was the predominant disease diagnosed; the mean monthly incidence rate was 2.5 and 6.9% in animals < or = 18 months of age under sta ... | 2001 | 11566375 |
| identification of a target population for immunisation against east coast fever in coastal kenya. | two experiments were carried out to identify the target population of cattle for immunisation against east coast fever (ecf) using the infection-and-treatment method. firstly, a sentinel-calf study was used to determine the age window for ecf immunisation by determining ages at clinical detection of infection with theileria parva. six groups of five naive cross-bred (bos taurus/bos indicus) male calves, introduced at intervals of 2 months at a mean age of 26 days, were exposed to natural tick ch ... | 2001 | 11566376 |
| [discovery of phytopathogenic bacteria 100 years ago: transatlantic controversies and polemics]. | the demonstration of a bacterial cause of some plant diseases has been claimed few years after it was commonly recognized that bacteria were able to cause diseases of human and animal. nevertheless, some sharp controversies took place, between german and american specialists (1897-1901), before the existence of bacterial diseases of plants was accepted by all phytopathologists. nowadays, about 350 bacteria are described, which infect plants: they are pathovars, or subspecies, belonging to 21 gen ... | 2001 | 11570278 |
| enrichment of eggs with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: effects of vitamin e supplementation. | eggs enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) could contribute to dietary intake of these healthful fatty acids (fa). because n-3 pufa are highly susceptible to peroxidation, a first part of the study with leghorn laying hens was carried out to investigate the influence of different levels of fish oil (0, 0.7, 1.4, 2.8, or 5.6%, respectively) in the diet on n-3 pufa, cholesterol, vitamin e, and lipid peroxidation product contents in eggs. addition of fish oil to a complete diet based ... | 2001 | 11592735 |
| comparison of culture media, simplate, and petrifilm for enumeration of yeasts and molds in food. | the efficacy of three culture media, dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol (drbc), dichloran 18% glycerol agar (dg18), and potato dextrose agar (pda) supplemented with two antibiotics, were compared with the simplate and petrifilm techniques for mold and yeast enumeration. the following foods were analyzed: corn meal, wheat flour, cassava flour, bread crumbs, whole meal, sliced bread, ground peanuts, mozzarella cheese, grated parmesan cheese, cheese rolls, orange juice, pineapple pulp, pineapple ... | 2001 | 11601710 |
| [an epidemiological study on the risk factors of irritable bowel syndrome in zhanjiang, guangdong province]. | to assess the risk factors in the pathogenicity of irritable bouel syndrome(ibs) in zhanjiang city. | 2001 | 11851063 |
| energy metabolism of cocks and broiler chickens fed on diets with different carbohydrate sources. | energy balances of cocks and chickens were measured using the nitrogen-carbon-balance method. in experiment 1 twelve adult white leghorn cocks were fed alternately on a basal ration or on a supplemental ration composed of 75% basal diet and 25% carbohydrate source as a supplement. in experiment 2 six groups of 12 male broiler chickens were fed successively on two diets each with different carbohydrate sources (40% of dm) and on two energy levels. the investigated carbohydrate sources were glucos ... | 2001 | 12098835 |
| cyanide, cassava, and diabetes. | 2001 | 90295 | |
| effect of food plants on the volume of repellent secretion obtained in adult zonocerus variegatus (orthoptera: pyrgomorphidae). | the volume of secretion obtained from adult zonocerus variegatus (orthoptera: pyrgomorphidae) was influenced by the type of food plants. insects fed on leaves of cassava manihot esculenta, bitter leaves vernonia amygdalina, and a mixture of m. esculenta and acalypha wilkesiana gave a good volume of secretion while chromolaena odorata, elaeis guinensis, aspilia africana and citrus sinensis did not favour secretion production. no significant difference was recorded in the volume of secretion obtai ... | 2001 | 11935920 |
| water quality of a reservoir as affected by agriculture in the east of thailand: a preliminary study. | a preliminary study on the water quality of a reservoir, affected by agriculture, in the east of thailand was conducted during 1996-1997. monitoring water quality of a reservoir is important because the sloping lands surrounding the reservoirs are mainly utilized for cultivating cash crops (pineapple, cassava, etc). a lot of fertilizers and agrochemicals were applied to soil and crops which can polluted the water. the results from the preliminary studied will be applied for the monitoring of the ... | 2001 | 11724479 |
| screening of cassava and yam cultivars for resistance to anthracnose using toxic metabolites of colletotrichum species. | collectotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. manihotis and c. gloeosporioides, causal agents of cassava (manihot spp.) and yam (dioscorea spp.) anthracnose diseases, respectively, produce toxic metabolites in culture that fluoresce at 254 nm and 366 nm, producing bands with rf of 0.65 and 7.0, respectively. symptoms induced on yam and cassava by the extracted metabolites were similar to those induced by the pathogens. twenty-four clones of tropical d. rotundata (tdr), d. alata (tda), d. esculenta (tde ... | 2001 | 11469761 |
| expression of a bifunctional green fluorescent protein (gfp) fusion marker under the control of three constitutive promoters and enhanced derivatives in transgenic grape (vitis vinifera). | activity of three constitutive promoters and enhanced derivatives in transgenic grape (vitis vinifera l. cv. thompson seedless) was characterized using a bifunctional fusion marker containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) and neomycin phosphotransferase (nptii) genes. relative differences in transient gfp expression and stable transformation efficiencies were used to compare promoter activity. expression patterns in transformed somatic embryos revealed that the act2 promoter from ... | 2001 | 11297784 |
| effects of meloidogyne incognita on growth and storage-root formation of cassava (manihot esculenta). | two-node cuttings of cassava cultivar ss4 were inoculated with 1,000 infective juveniles of meloidogyne incognita at 1, 14, 40, 70, 88, and 127 days after planting (dap). plant growth and root damage were assessed at 150 dap. meloidogyne incognita significantly reduced the number of storageroots formed in plants inoculated at 14, 40, 70, and 88 dap and the total weight of storage-roots in plants inoculated at 1, 14, 40, 70, and 88 dap, compared to uninoculated plants. individual storage-root wei ... | 2000 | 19270997 |
| genetic relationships among biotypes of bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) based on aflp analysis. | genetic similarities between 13 samples belonging to nine reference biotypes and two field populations of bemisia tabaci (gennadius), one field population of b. medinae gómez-menor and another of b. afer priesner & hosny, were evaluated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) markers. the results indicate that b. tabaci biotypes can be grouped together with a minimum similarity coefficient of 0.32 and separated from the two other species with a similarity coefficient of 0.07. bemisia ... | 2000 | 11082556 |
| gene genealogies and population variation in plants. | early in the development of plant evolutionary biology, genetic drift, fluctuations in population size, and isolation were identified as critical processes that affect the course of evolution in plant species. attempts to assess these processes in natural populations became possible only with the development of neutral genetic markers in the 1960s. more recently, the application of historically ordered neutral molecular variation (within the conceptual framework of coalescent theory) has allowed ... | 2000 | 10860966 |
| measuring the genetic diversity of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis within different fields in colombia. | abstract cassava bacterial blight, caused by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis, is a widespread disease that affects cassava (manihot esculenta). we collected 238 x. axonopodis pv. manihotis strains by intensively sampling single fields in four edaphoclimatic zones (eczs) in colombia. dna polymorphism of different x. axonopodis pv. manihotis populations was assessed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analyses, repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-pcr), and ... | 2000 | 18944486 |
| the relevant population dynamics to land degradation in the northeast region. | this paper reviews the possible linkage between population factors such as population size/growth, in-migration/out-migration, and age/sex structures and land degradation in northeastern thailand. using both qualitative and quantitative methods, the feasible relationship between population factors and land degradation are analyzed. in addition, a review of the existing reforestation and population policy of the thai government is presented. analysis within sample units demonstrated a significa ... | 2000 | 12322566 |
| [continuous ethanol fermentation using tapioca starch by immobilized yeast cell without carrier]. | a widespread interest has been noted in continuous power ethanol fermentation utilizing systems with immobilized yeast cell through self-flocculating. we studied continuous ethanol fermentation by a naturally flocculent strain of schizosaccharomyces pombe and the performance of two-stage continuous ethanol fermentation system using suspended-bioreactors(total effective volume 1.5 l) has been established: the high biomass levels achieved allow efficient ethanol conversion(72.7 g/l, average), resi ... | 2000 | 12548945 |
| efficient production of transgenic cassava using negative and positive selection. | in order to improve the efficiency of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) transformation, two different selection systems were assessed, a positive one based on the use of mannose as the selective agent, and a negative one based on hygromycin resistance encoded by an intron-containing hph gene. transgenic plants selected on mannose or hygromycin were regenerated for the first time from embryogenic suspensions cocultivated with agrobacterium. after the initial selection using mannose and hygromyci ... | 2000 | 11206969 |
| isozyme diversity in cassava cultivars (manihot esculenta crantz). | isoenzyme electrophoresis was used as a method to determine genetic diversity in various m. esculenta cultivars collected in the southwestern (sw) and northwestern (nw) regions of the state of parana, in the south region of brazil, and in cultivars produced at the agronomic institute of campinas (iac), são paulo state, southeastern region of brazil. the cultivars have been maintained by vegetative propagation for 5 years and are useful in production programs. a total of 28 loci in the acid phosp ... | 2000 | 11221580 |
| cloning and characterization of estc from burkholderia gladioli, a novel-type esterase related to plant enzymes. | by screening a genomic library of burkholderia gladioli (formerly pseudomonas marginata) for clones exhibiting esterolytic activity, the gene for a novel-type esterase (estc) showing significant homology to plant enzymes could be isolated. high homology was found to two hydroxynitrile lyases originating from hevea brasiliensis (tropical rubber tree) and manihot esculenta (cassava), and to two proteins from oryza sativa (rice) that are specifically induced upon infection by pseudomonas syringae p ... | 2000 | 11152069 |
| effects of dietary carbohydrates and buffering capacity on nutrient digestibility and manure characteristics in finishing pigs. | a 2 x 3 factorial experiment was conducted with 24 finishing pigs (yorkshire x [finnish landrace x dutch landrace]) to determine the effects of dietary buffering capacity (bc) and carbohydrate sources on apparent total tract digestibility (td), n retention, and manure characteristics. twelve of these pigs were fitted with steered ileo-cecal value cannulas to measure the apparent ileal digestibility (id) of n. experimental variables were two levels of bc (high = 600 meq/kg and low = 530 meq/kg) a ... | 2000 | 11132824 |
| cassava mosaic virus disease in east africa: a dynamic disease in a changing environment. | cassava mosaic disease (cmd), now known to be caused by cassava mosaic geminiviruses (family geminiviridae; genus begomovirus), was first reported in east africa in 1894. epidemics occurred in madagascar and uganda in the 1930s and 1940s, and more localised rapid spread of cmd was observed in parts of coastal tanzania in the 1930s and coastal kenya in the 1970s. during the 1990s, a major regional pandemic of an unusually severe form of cmd has expanded to affect parts of at least five countries, ... | 2000 | 11137168 |
| cytochromes p-450 from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) catalyzing the first steps in the biosynthesis of the cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin. cloning, functional expression in pichia pastoris, and substrate specificity of the isolated recombinant enzymes. | the first committed steps in the biosynthesis of the two cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin in cassava are the conversion of l-valine and l-isoleucine, respectively, to the corresponding oximes. two full-length cdna clones that encode cytochromes p-450 catalyzing these reactions have been isolated. the two cassava cytochromes p-450 are 85% identical, share 54% sequence identity to cyp79a1 from sorghum, and have been assigned cyp79d1 and cyp79d2. functional expression has been achie ... | 2000 | 10636899 |