Publications

purification of cloned proaerolysin released by a low protease mutant of aeromonas salmonicida.	the precursor to the hole-forming toxin aerolysin has been purified in high yield from culture supernatants of a mutant of aeromonas salmonicida containing the cloned structural gene. the mutant strain was generated by tn5 mutagenesis. it released little or no protease or other extracellular proteins, including phospholipase, suggesting that it is a regulatory mutant. the absence of protease allowed the isolation of protoxin free from contaminating aerolysin. typically, more than 50 mg of pure p ...	1990	2190617
mutations in the trfa replication gene of the broad-host-range plasmid rk2 result in elevated plasmid copy numbers.	mutated forms of trfa, the replication protein gene of plasmid rk2, that support a minimal rk2 origin plasmid in escherichia coli at copy numbers up to 23-fold higher than normal have been isolated. six such high-copy-number (copy-up) mutations were mapped and sequenced. in each case, a single base transition led to an amino acid substitution in the trfa protein primary sequence. the six mutations affected different residues of the protein and were located within a 69-base-pair region encoding 2 ...	1990	2193921
a concurrent increasing of natural antibodies and enhancement of resistance to furunculosis in rainbow trout.	in order to compare the respective roles of specific response and non-specific mechanisms in the enhancement of resistance to furunculosis, 2 groups of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were immunized with supernatants of aeromonas salmonicida or escherichia coli cultures. the fish received 4 weekly intraperitoneal injections (70 micrograms of crude proteins). one control group was injected with phosphate-buffered saline, while another was untreated. specific agglutinins were produced only in ...	1990	2202250
characterization of aeromonas salmonicida variants with altered cell surfaces and their use in studying surface protein assembly.	aeromonas salmonicida variants were characterized for alterations in their cell surface structure and used to examine reconstitution of the surface protein layer (a-layer). variants lacking outer membrane o-polysaccharide were devoid of a-layer and excreted stainable floret-like material of the surface protein (a-protein). one variant, showing partial loss of o-polysaccharide, was associated with a disrupted a-layer and excretion of some a-protein. variants lacking a-protein but possessing o-pol ...	1990	2222123
reinforcement of colon anastomoses with polyglycolic acid mesh: an experimental study.	polyglycolic acid (pga) meshes have successfully been used in the treatment of injured parenchymatous organs. in our study we investigated the value of pga meshes for reinforcement of colon anastomoses in a rat model. in 75 wistar rats the transverse colon was transected and reanastomosed in a single-layer technique. the anastomoses in half of the animals were performed with 6 stitches. in the other animals the anastomoses were performed with 4 stitches only and were therefore supposed to leak. ...	1990	2176159
cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha on sensitive human melanoma cells in vitro may result in selection of cells with enhanced markers of malignancy.	monolayer cultures of the human melanoma cell lines stml-12, stml-11, stml-14 (third, respectively, twenty-fifth subculture), and skmel-28 derived from specimens representing different stages of tumor progression were treated with 10-10,000 u/ml rtnf-alpha applied for 72 h. the effects of rtnf-alpha on cell proliferation, dna synthesis, cell viability, cloning efficiency, cell division, cell morphology, and the immunophenotype were studied in triplicate experiments. the cell line stml-14(3) reve ...	1990	2258639
cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha on sensitive human melanoma cells in vitro may result in selection of cells with enhanced markers of malignancy.	monolayer cultures of the human melanoma cell lines stml-12, stml-11, stml-14 (third, respectively, twenty-fifth subculture), and skmel-28 derived from specimens representing different stages of tumor progression were treated with 10-10,000 u/ml rtnf-alpha applied for 72 h. the effects of rtnf-alpha on cell proliferation, dna synthesis, cell viability, cloning efficiency, cell division, cell morphology, and the immunophenotype were studied in triplicate experiments. the cell line stml-14(3) reve ...	1990	2258639
purification of igg from serum with caprylic acid and ammonium sulphate precipitation is not superior to ammonium sulphate precipitation alone.	immunoglobulin g (igg) from bovine serum raised against aeromonas salmonicida was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation (asp) or caprylic acid treatment followed by ammonium sulphate precipitation (caas). purity of igg samples prepared by both methods were examined by high performance gel permeation chromatography, electrophoresis and antibody activity assay. results suggest that igg prepared by asp is better than that obtained by caas method in terms of the yield of the igg monomers and t ...	1989	2612135
autofluorescence in human alveolar macrophages from smokers: relation to cell surface markers and phagocytosis.	flow cytometry was used to study the influence of smoking histories on autofluorescence, expression of surface markers, and phagocytic ability in alveolar macrophages (am) recruited by bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) from healthy smokers (n = 13) and nonsmokers (n = 13). alveolar macrophages have an autofluorescence that can be quenched by a recently developed technique. in the present study, this technique was used in combination with flow cytofluorometry. alveolar macrophages from smokers (mean 1 ...	1989	2612443
effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on pneumocystis carinii infection in nude mice.	repeated subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhg-csf) to pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii)-infected balb/c nude (nu/nu) mice had no effects on the number of the p. carinii cysts in the lungs, despite neutrophilic infiltration in the tissues and a marked increase in blood neutrophil count. this finding indicates that neutrophils in the absence of t cells do not play an important role in the killing of p. carinii. however, survival periods of ...	1989	2787431
proton motive force involved in protein transport across the outer membrane of aeromonas salmonicida.	many gram-negative bacteria export proteins to the exterior. some of these proteins are first secreted into the periplasm and then cross the outer membrane in a separate step. the source of energy required for the translocation is unknown. export of the extracellular protein proaerolysin from the periplasm through the outer membrane of aeromonas salmonicida is inhibited by a proton ionophore and by low extracellular ph. one possible explanation of these results is that a proton gradient across t ...	1989	2814486
[visualization of forensically important foreign bodies by direct roentgen magnification].	the detection of foreign bodies of microscopic dimensions with radiographic techniques is limited by the size and density of the particle and the radiographic resolution. these restrictions can be of decisive value in case work. the high grade direct radiographic magnification technique was successfully used in preceding experiments. due to its 1 mu focal spot, this tube allows direct magnifications up to 250 times. in present studies, the advantages as well as the limitations of this new techni ...	1989	2818477
[visualization of forensically important foreign bodies by direct roentgen magnification].	the detection of foreign bodies of microscopic dimensions with radiographic techniques is limited by the size and density of the particle and the radiographic resolution. these restrictions can be of decisive value in case work. the high grade direct radiographic magnification technique was successfully used in preceding experiments. due to its 1 mu focal spot, this tube allows direct magnifications up to 250 times. in present studies, the advantages as well as the limitations of this new techni ...	1989	2818477
sodium-transport nadh-quinone reductase of a marine vibrio alginolyticus.	the respiratory chain of a marine bacterium, vibrio alginolyticus, required na+ for maximum activity, and the site of na+ -dependent activation was localized on the nadh-quinone reductase segment. the na+ -dependent nadh-quinone reductase extruded na+ as a direct result of redox reaction. it was composed of three subunits, alpha, beta, and gamma, with apparent mr of 52, 46, and 32 kda, respectively. the reduction of ubiquinone-1 to ubiquinol proceeded via ubisemiquinone radicals. the former reac ...	1989	2687259
the quantitative relationship of lethality between extracellular protease and extracellular haemolysin of aeromonas salmonicida in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.).	an additive relationship of lethality between purified protease and haemolysin of the extracellular products (ecp) of aeromonas salmonicida was demonstrated by i.p. injection in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.). the lethal toxicity of the combinations of protease and haemolysin follow a linear regression line y = -54.54x + 2400. the ld50 of protease and haemolysin when injected separately was 2400 ng/g fish and 44 ng protein/g fish, respectively.	1989	2689276
smoking among medical students in hong kong.	a survey was conducted among two classes of medical students (n = 293) at the university of hong kong to study their smoking habits and knowledge of and attitudes toward smoking. the response rate was 97.3%. there was only one daily smoker (0.4%) and 21 occasional smokers (7.4%). while the respondents regarded health and self-discipline as the main reasons for not smoking, the social taboo against smoking among young people might have also deterred this educated elite from smoking. many of them ...	1989	2700658
identification and characterization of an 8-kd peptide stimulating late erythropoiesis.	chronic renal failure is often associated with severe anemia, subnormal levels of erythropoietin (epo), and the presence of erythropoietic inhibitors. we studied an anephric patient with polycystic kidney disease maintaining a hemoglobin level of 13-14 g. biochemical, endocrine, and hematological parameters were all within normal limits. epo levels examined on two occasions during the clinical investigation were found to be low to subnormal. plasma of this patient supported human bone marrow ery ...	1989	2753086
extracellular secretion of cloned aerolysin and phospholipase by aeromonas salmonicida.	the promoterless structural genes for aerolysin and the extracellular phospholipase of aeromonas hydrophila were inserted into a multi-host-range expression vector and transferred into aeromonas salmonicida and escherichia coli. in both species, gene expression was under the control of the inducible tac promoter of the vector. neither the phospholipase nor the aerolysin was released by intact e. coli. instead, both proteins accumulated in the periplasm, leading to reduced growth and eventual cel ...	1989	2708312
genetic and biochemical characterization of the thymidine kinase gene from herpesvirus of turkeys.	the thymidine kinase gene encoded by herpesvirus of turkeys has been identified and characterized. a viral mutant (atr0) resistant to 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylthymine was isolated. this mutant was also resistant to 1-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-d-arabinofuronosyl)-5-methyluracil and was unable to incorporate [125i]deoxycytidine into dna. the mutant phenotype was rescued by a cloned region of the turkey herpesvirus genome whose dna sequence was found to contain an open reading frame similar to that fo ...	1989	2724415
endothelium-dependent inhibition of ergonovine-induced contraction is impaired in porcine coronary arteries with regenerated endothelium.	the inhibitory effects of the endothelium against ergonovine-induced contraction were examined in isolated porcine coronary arteries under normal conditions and after endothelial regeneration. endothelium-dependent responses were examined in vitro in normal yorkshire pigs (n = 16) and in pigs that had undergone balloon endothelium removal of the left anterior descending coronary artery (lad) 4 weeks before the study (n = 10). the presence of a complete endothelial lining was confirmed histologic ...	1989	2766515
[epidemiology of brucellosis. retrospective study of 246 hospital cases].	246 cases of brucellosis registered by the medicine preventive service of miguel servet hospital for the period 1981-87 are retrospectively studied. it emphasizes the consumption of non controlled dairy products as the most frequent (54.5%) risk factor. a greater prevalence of professional and contact with cattle risk factors are observed in the male patients coming from rural areas.	1989	2772348
ultrastructural study of the response of eosinophil granule cells to aeromonas salmonicida extracellular products and histamine liberators in rainbow trout salmo gairdneri richardson.	intraperitoneal injections of aeromonas salmonicida extracellular products (ecp), compound 48/80 and concanavalin a were found to degranulate the eosinophil granule cells (egc) in the lower intestine and rectum of the rainbow trout salmo gairdneri richardson. ultrastructurally, the egc response resembled the anaphylactic granule extrusion of mammalian mast cells. varying degrees of granule vacuolation and loss of electron density occurred. labyrinthine channels were observed at the peak of degra ...	1989	2776934
opening remarks of president fernando e. agrait on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the cayo santiago macaque colony.		1989	2780954
heterogeneity of responses to lh-releasing hormone and phorbol ester among rat gonadotrophs: a study using a reverse haemolytic plaque assay for lh.	protein kinase c (pk-c) has been implicated in the action of lhrh because lhrh-induced release of lh is partially mimicked by phorbol esters which activate pk-c, and reduced in magnitude by inhibitors of pk-c. we have used a reverse haemolytic plaque assay for lh to visualize and compare the direct effects on individual rat gonadotrophs of (1) a 2-h exposure to a range of concentrations of lhrh and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma) and (2) a single maximally stimulatory dose (10 nm) of lhrh ...	1989	2669809
prp (proline-rich protein) genes linked to markers es-12 (esterase-12), ea-10 (erythrocyte alloantigen), and loci on distal mouse chromosome 6.	the closely linked proline-rich protein (prp) genes, coding for abundant salivary proteins, are located on distal mouse chromosome 6. they are part of a conserved linkage group that is represented on human chromosome 12p. two other markers, ea-10 and es-12, that were previously unassigned to a chromosome are closely linked to prp genes in the mouse.	1989	2613230
automated biochemical identification of bacterial fish pathogens using the abbott quantum ii.	the quantum ii, originally designed by abbott diagnostics for automated rapid identification of members of enterobacteriaceae, was adapted for the identification of bacterial fish pathogens. the instrument operates as a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 492.600 nm. a sample cartridge containing 20 inoculated biochemical chambers is inserted in the path of the analyzing beam. reactions are converted into a 7-digit octal biocode, relayed via a sensor to the memory module, and compared to biocod ...	1989	2644450
delivered volume during high-frequency ventilation.		1989	2648741
characterization of aeromonas salmonicida mutants with low-level resistance to multiple antibiotics.	aeromonas salmonicida mutants selected for low-level resistance to small-molecular-mass antibiotics occur at frequencies that suggest point mutations and exhibit pleiotropic effects such as a multiple low-level antibiotic resistance, changes in outer membrane protein profiles, and loss of major exoprotease activity. multiple low-level resistance appeared as the result of decreased outer membrane permeability associated with a change from a 38.5- to a 37-kilodalton (kda) outer membrane protein. t ...	1989	2653212
lack of effect by prostaglandin f2 alpha and verapamil on calcium uptake by isolated corpora lutea from pseudopregnant rats.		1989	2492809
[soy lipoxygenase as the object for the primary testing of potential inhibitors of leukotriene biosynthesis].	the comparative study of the ability of three compounds (indomethacin, agent bw 755 c and arachidonate hydroxamic acid) to inhibit the activity of preparations of soya bean lipoxygenase and to block leukotriene c4 biosynthesis in human leukocytes recorded by reversed phase liquid chromatography was performed. it was shown that irrespectively of purification degree soya bean lipoxygenase is a sufficiently adequate object for primary testing of inhibitors of biosynthesis of leukotrienes with the g ...	1989	2501105
the estimation of dietary protein intake in chronic renal failure.	forty-five adult clinic patients with chronic renal failure each supplied a 4-day weighed dietary record, a 24-h urine collection, and a nocturnal spot urine sample. total nitrogen (n) losses derived from the urines were corrected for proteinuria and non-urea nitrogen excretion. individual estimates of n intake were compared by correlation and assessing the level of agreement. daily urea n excretion derived from the spot sample correlated well with the 24-h collection p less than 0.001, but the ...	1989	2515492
cellular immune responses to plasmodium falciparum antigens in children receiving long term anti-malarial chemoprophylaxis.	fifty-two gambian children who had received fortnightly chemoprophylaxis with maloprim, (pyrimethamine and dapsone), and 45 receiving placebo, were studied. cellular immune responses to malaria antigens, measured by lymphoproliferative responses and interferon production, were higher in children who had received prophylaxis than in controls, although the anti-malarial antibody levels were lower. during a one-year period after termination of prophylaxis, there was no increase in the frequency of ...	1989	2515634
bile acid profile in a dog with cholangiocarcinoma.		1989	2536512
protection of rainbow trout against vibriosis and furunculosis by the use of attenuated strains of vibrio anguillarum.	the fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum causes a lethal infection in rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri). three different avirulent mutants, constructed by transposon insertion mutagenesis (van20 and van70) or as antibiotic-resistant mutants (van1000), were isolated by screening 200 individual isolated mutants for avirulence. when used as live vaccines, all three avirulent mutants were able to induce protective immunity against the homologous as well as a heterologous strain of v. anguillarum. when van ...	1989	2548446
enzyme polymorphism and clinical variability of diseases: a study of diabetes mellitus.	we investigated possible relations among four common neonatal manifestations of diabetic pregnancy (macrosomia, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, jaundice) and four enzyme polymorphisms (pgm1, ada, ak1, acp1 in a sample of infants born of diabetic mothers. the pattern of associations observed between the two sets of variables is consistent with known differences in enzymatic activity within phenotypes of each system, suggesting that low enzymatic activity may have unfavorable effects on fetal developm ...	1989	2556341
effect of glucocorticoids and limiting nursing on the carbohydrate digestive capacity and growth rate of piglets.	the influence of glucocorticoid administration and limited nursing on piglet carbohydrase enzyme development and subsequent growth was examined in three experiments using 371 piglets. treatments in the first two experiments were formed by the factorial arrangement of hydrocortisone (-hyd or +hyd) and limited nursing (-ln or +ln) imposed form d 14 to weaning (d 28). hydrocortisone was replaced by adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) in the third experiment. growth rates were severely depressed by h ...	1989	2556355
malignant hyperpyrexia.		1989	2653537
oviducal storage of spermatozoa in the turkey: its relevance to artificial insemination technology.	1. this paper addresses questions concerning the role of oviducal sperm selection and storage in the relative inefficiency of turkey reproduction. 2. before the onset of egg production, the turkey has the biological potential to store spermatozoa in its oviduct for periods up to 5 weeks; after the onset of production fewer spermatozoa are retained by the oviduct. 3. a better understanding of the biological mechanisms which regulate sperm selection and storage in the turkey oviduct is necessary t ...	1989	2670069
three-dimensional structure of an open form of the surface layer from the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida.	cell-free culture supernatants of a lipopolysaccharide (lps) o-polysaccharide-deficient, single-insertion transposon mutant of the tetragonal surface protein array (s layer)-containing fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida were examined by electron microscopy. negative staining showed that the s layer was released as sheets of tetragonal material, indicating that although surface retention of assembled s layer requires the presence of wild-type lps oligosaccharides, initial assembly of s-layer sub ...	1989	2914846
synthesis of glycoconjugates derived from various lipopolysaccharides of the vibrionaceae family.	conjugation of simple ketoses (such as 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid and n-acetylneuraminic acid) and of various o-specific polysaccharides (from aeromonas hydrophila and aeromonas salmonicida) to the bifunctional spacer 1,6-hexanediamine, was achieved by reductive amination. the saccharide--1-(6-amino)-hexane alkyamines obtained were converted into the corresponding isothiocyanate derivatives and coupled to the free epsilon-amino group of lysine residues of the protein carrier bovine serum ...	1989	2920731
mechanical, biochemical, and structural effects of vitamin d deficiency on the chick heart.	the effects of vitamin d deprivation on the chick heart were investigated from three aspects: cardiac contractility (+/- dp/dt), intracellular high-energy phosphorus compounds, and structural differences. four-week-old vitamin d-deficient chicks were divided into four groups: group a served as the normal group and received subcutaneous injections of cholecalciferol; groups b and c were vitamin d-deficient hearts but perfused differently; group d received daily subcutaneous injections of 5 microg ...	1989	2705637
human gastric lipase. the n-terminal tetrapeptide is essential for lipid binding and lipase activity.	human gastric lipase subjected to limited tryptic proteolysis lost its ability to hydrolyze emulsified long-chain triacylglycerol. activity against a water-soluble substrate was however retained, indicating that proteolysis did not affect the active site. sequence analysis revealed that trypsin specifically cleaved the linkage between lysine-4 and leucine-5. this cleavage rendered the enzyme unable to bind to emulsified triacylglycerol particles, e.g. human milk fat globules. we suggest that the ...	1989	2753032
antidepressants given repeatedly increase the behavioural effect of dopamine d-2 agonist.	the effects of single or repeated doses of antidepressant drugs (imipramine, amitriptyline, citalopram, mianserin) on rat locomotor hyperactivity induced by quinpirole, a dopamine d-2 receptor agonist, was investigated. single doses of antidepressants do not change the effect of quinpirole, but enhance it when they are administered repeatedly. this enhancement is inhibited by (+/-)-sulpiride, a dopamine d-2 receptor antagonist. the results obtained indicate that the enhancement of dopaminergical ...	1989	2569028
effects of systemic morphine upon a delta- and c-fibre evoked activities of subnucleus reticularis dorsalis neurones in the rat medulla.	the effects of intravenous administration of morphine were examined on a delta- and c-fibre evoked activities of subnucleus reticularis dorsalis (srd) neurones in the rat medulla. this region may have an important role in nociception since srd neurones exhibit whole body receptive fields from which they can be activated preferentially or exclusively by noxious stimulation. the present study demonstrates that morphine can depress the c-fibre evoked responses of srd neurones in a dose-related (3-1 ...	1989	2753082
slip of rabbit striated muscle in rigor or amppnp.	single glycerol-extracted rabbit psoas muscle fibres have been slowly extended either in rigor or in the unhydrolysable atp analogue, amppnp, and their sarcomere length, sarcomere structure and tension measured. the length of regularly arrayed sarcomeres, measured by optical diffraction, increased continuously as the muscle was stretched; the maximum sarcomere extension seen was approximately 6%. in the electron microscope sarcomeres from extended muscle fixed in rigor or amppnp remained regular ...	1989	2592554
slip of rabbit striated muscle in rigor or amppnp.	single glycerol-extracted rabbit psoas muscle fibres have been slowly extended either in rigor or in the unhydrolysable atp analogue, amppnp, and their sarcomere length, sarcomere structure and tension measured. the length of regularly arrayed sarcomeres, measured by optical diffraction, increased continuously as the muscle was stretched; the maximum sarcomere extension seen was approximately 6%. in the electron microscope sarcomeres from extended muscle fixed in rigor or amppnp remained regular ...	1989	2592554
[a dermaerosion case dealing with a leakage of a chemically irrigable solution (naoci solution)].	this paper is a report regarding a dermaerosion case dealing with a leakage of a chemically irrigable solution in a 3 year old boy. we are continuing to observe the dermal changes during as he grows. also, we carried out a pathological experiment on a rabbit and a patch test of the derm of seven people. the following conclusions were obtained. 1. we observed the dermaerosion of an epithelium repair after a complete elapse of one year. the dermaerosion of the corium could not be repaired but chan ...	1989	2602703
the anomalous origin of the circumflex artery (ramus circumflexus) in the right aortic sinus: a case study.	the anomalous origin of the circumflex artery in the right aortic sinus was recognized in one out of 123 human hearts. its independent ostium, located below the valve 2.5 mm behind the ostium of the right coronary artery, and 3.0 mm in front of the dorsal attachment of the sigmoid valve. it follows a retro-aortic course and its terminal distribution is exiguous, compensated by a coronary pattern of right predominance. there are no associated cardiac anomalies. finally, this knowledge is shown to ...	1989	2610384
autofluorescence in human alveolar macrophages from smokers: relation to cell surface markers and phagocytosis.	flow cytometry was used to study the influence of smoking histories on autofluorescence, expression of surface markers, and phagocytic ability in alveolar macrophages (am) recruited by bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) from healthy smokers (n = 13) and nonsmokers (n = 13). alveolar macrophages have an autofluorescence that can be quenched by a recently developed technique. in the present study, this technique was used in combination with flow cytofluorometry. alveolar macrophages from smokers (mean 1 ...	1989	2612443
the dispersion of echinococcus granulosus in the intestine of dogs.	we studied the dispersion of adult echinococcus granulosus in the intestine of experimentally infected dogs at 2 scales of habitat use. on a coarse scale, worms were found most frequently in the anterior third of the small intestine. on a fine scale, clumps or aggregations, typically of 4-5 worms in an area of 12 mm2, occurred throughout the anterior two-thirds of the intestine. the most likely proximate cause of aggregative behavior is attraction between individual worms. there are at least 2 e ...	1989	2760768
the dispersion of echinococcus granulosus in the intestine of dogs.	we studied the dispersion of adult echinococcus granulosus in the intestine of experimentally infected dogs at 2 scales of habitat use. on a coarse scale, worms were found most frequently in the anterior third of the small intestine. on a fine scale, clumps or aggregations, typically of 4-5 worms in an area of 12 mm2, occurred throughout the anterior two-thirds of the intestine. the most likely proximate cause of aggregative behavior is attraction between individual worms. there are at least 2 e ...	1989	2760768
relationship between concentration and anticonvulsant effect of phenytoin against electroshock-induced seizures in rats: comparison of sampling sites for concentration determinations.	the purpose of this investigation was to determine the optimum sampling site for phenytoin concentration measurements in the context of pharmacodynamic studies of the anticonvulsant effect of phenytoin. determination of drug concentrations in the serum, serum water, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of rats as a function of time after iv injection of a 6-mg/kg dose revealed a significant disequilibrium between brain and serum water for 15 min and between csf and serum water for 5 min after in ...	1989	2760817
2-bromo- and 16-bromo-estrogens and related compounds: potential inhibitors for both estradiol 2- and 16 alpha-hydroxylases in rat liver microsomes.	kinetic studies of inhibition of estradiol 2- and 16 alpha-hydroxylase activities in male rat liver microsomes with 2-bromoestrogens, 4-bromo-estrone (4-bre1), 16 alpha- and 16 beta-bromoestrones and 16 beta-acetylthioestrone (16-acse1) were carried out. 2-bromoestrogens and 4-bre1 nonspecifically blocked the two enzyme activities in a competitive manner, and 2-bromo-estradiol (2-bre2) was the most potent inhibitor for the two hydroxylases among the 2- and 4-bromo steroids. kinetic data, the app ...	1989	2761259
production of human cells expressing individual transferred hla-a,-b,-c genes using an hla-a,-b,-c null human cell line.	we detail in this report the characterization of a human b-lymphoblastoid cell line, .221, that does not express endogenous hla-a, hla-b, or hla-c class i ag due to gamma-ray-induced mutations in the hla complex. mutant .221 is characterized by: 1) complete absence of hla-a,-b,-c mrna transcripts and alpha-chains, and 2) intracellular expression of two non-a,-b,-c class i alpha-chains with an abundance less than or equal to 1% of normal hla-a,-b,-c expression on similar cells. however, transferr ...	1989	2785140
preliminary x-ray diffraction studies on lobster atp: l-arginine phosphotransferase.		1989	171414
the role of central- and peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors in anxiolytic-agent augmentation of nacl solution intake: effects of clonazepam and ro 5-4864.	two 1,4 benzodiazepines bind preferentially to the central- and peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor in the brain, clonazepam and ro 5-4864, respectively. they were administered to rats to determine if the relation between known anxiolytic action and efficacy in augmenting nacl solution ingestion in rehydrating rats would remain the case for these prototypic agents. clonazepam (0.062-32.0 mg/kg, po) was highly potent and efficacious and increased 1.5% nacl solution intake in a dose-related fa ...	1988	2905471
evaluation of prostaglandins as mediators of tubuloglomerular feedback.	orthograde and retrograde microperfusion experiments were conducted in sprague-dawley rats to evaluate the participation of vasoconstrictive eicosanoids as mediators of tubuloglomerular feedback (tgf) signals. retrograde perfusion with 160 microm arachidonic acid (aa) added to a hypotonic solution enhanced the stop-flow pressure (sfp) feedback responses compared with those obtained with the control hypotonic solution (delta sfp, 1.6 +/- 0.4 vs. 10.1 +/- 0.7 mmhg with aa). blockade of thromboxane ...	1988	3364575
isolation of aeromonas salmonicida from masu salmon in the republic of korea.	the isolation and identification of the gram-negative fish pathogen, aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida, from masu salmon (oncorhynchus masou) at the yang yang salmon hatchery in the republic of korea is described. the bacterium possessed certain characteristics in common with isolates from fish in japan. it is an important cause of mortality among cultured salmonids in the republic of korea. this is the first report of this fish pathogen from the asian mainland.	1988	3373645
the defect of lymphocyte locomotion in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: studies of polarization and growth-dependent locomotion.	this paper reports a study of the locomotor behaviour of the lymphocytes from 17 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (cll). the cells were studied both immediately after separation from blood and after culture for 24 to 48 h with a range of growth activators. cells direct from blood were tested for polarization in fetal calf serum (fcs 20%), phorbol myristate acetate (pma 10(-7)m) and colchicine (10(-5)m). the polarization of lymphocytes from cll patients with high white cell (wbc) count ...	1988	3383451
increasing use of smokeless tobacco leads to fears of young lives being 'snuffed out'.		1988	3411725
[anisodamine in the treatment of 647 cases of severe hepatitis].		1988	3416397
experimental contact sensitization with 3,4,5-trichloropyridazine.	the potential of 3,4,5-trichloropyridazine to induce contact sensitization was assessed in the guinea pig maximization test of magnusson and kligman and also in the closed patch test described by buehler. the test material was a 1% solution of 3,4,5-trichloropyridazine in a highly refined mineral oil. the test material elicited moderate to severe irritation when diluted in mineral oil to concentrations of 15-25% and minimal irritation at concentrations of 1-3%. both tests clearly indicated that ...	1988	3416588
surface properties of autoagglutinating mesophilic aeromonads.	the surface characteristics of 24 autoagglutinating (aa+) mesophilic aeromonads were investigated. one group of 16 was found to be highly related serologically by their reactive pattern against o antisera generated against three reference strains. subsequent characterization of 11 of these isolates (group 1) indicated that they had the following properties in common: precipitation after boiling (pab+), membership of serogroup o:11 (typing scheme of sakazaki and shimada), resistance to lysis by b ...	1988	3417353
effect of oversulphated chondroitin and dermatan sulphate upon thrombin and factor xa inactivation by antithrombin iii or heparin cofactor ii.	the kinetics of inhibition of human thrombin and factor xa by antithrombin iii or heparin cofactor ii were examined under pseudo-first-order conditions as a function of the concentration of naturally occurring oversulphated chondroitin and dermatan sulphates. the sulphated glycosaminoglycans (gags) studied were chondroitin sulphate d (csd) (glca-2-so4-galnac-6-so4), chondroitin sulphate k (csk) (glca-3-so4-galnac-4-so4), chondroitin sulphate h (csh) (ida-galnac-4,6-diso4) and polysulphated derma ...	1988	2902851
protein turnover and growth of l8 muscle cultures in serum from rats fed clenbuterol.	beta-adrenergic agonists stimulate muscle growth in chronically treated animals. the response may be primary (receptor binding directly stimulates anabolism) or secondary (circulating levels of hormones or other factors regulate muscle mass). although b-receptors are functional in l8 muscle cells in culture, a direct effect of b-agonists on protein turnover in culture has not been demonstrated. to determine whether the stimulation of muscle growth is a secondary effect, we assessed the anabolic ...	1988	3255725
[a lipoma of the cerebellopontile angle].	the case of a 38-year old man with a lipoma of the left cerebellopontine angle is presented. while the clinical signs of that tumour are unspecific, an exact diagnosis is possible by ct and mri. as in other reported cases only an incomplete removal of the tumours was made because of the adherence of the lipoma to the nerves of the cpa.	1988	3261397
[a lipoma of the cerebellopontile angle].	the case of a 38-year old man with a lipoma of the left cerebellopontine angle is presented. while the clinical signs of that tumour are unspecific, an exact diagnosis is possible by ct and mri. as in other reported cases only an incomplete removal of the tumours was made because of the adherence of the lipoma to the nerves of the cpa.	1988	3261397
[clinical results of rokitamycin dry syrup on respiratory tract infections in pediatric field].	1. a total of 15 patients with pediatric respiratory tract infections were mediated with rokitamycin (rkm) dry syrup, and its clinical effects were excellent in 2, good in 10, fair in 1 and poor in 1. 2. the efficacy rate in streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia and mycoplasmal pneumonia was 100%. 3. clinical effects on 7 patients with haemophilus influenzae were excellent in 1, good in 4, fair in 1 and poor in 1. 4. no adverse reaction was observed, and the taste and odor of rkm was well accepted ...	1988	3262780
first available results of long-term carcinogenicity bioassay on detergency zeolites (ms 4a and ms 5a).	long-term experimental carcinogenicity bioassay was carried out on ms 4a and ms 5a zeolites. the materials were tested on sprague-dawley rats by intraperitoneal, intrapleural, and subcutaneous injection of 25 mg in 1 ml of h2o. the results of this bioassay (the onset of one peritoneal mesothelioma in a male rat treated by intraperitoneal injection of zeolite ms 4a) calls for further and more sophisticated tests on zeolites used as detergents.	1988	2839094
ethical aspects of military physicians treating patients with hiv/part two: the duty to take initiative.		1988	3126439
drug-induced place preference in rats with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine lesions of the nucleus accumbens.	the conditioned place preference (cpp) paradigm was used to determine a role for serotonin in the nucleus accumbens in the mediation of the rewarding properties of d-amphetamine morphine and diazepam. the effect of these drugs on cpp was examined in controls and in animals with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine lesions of the nucleus accumbans. the results from control animals confirmed that d-amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.), morphine (2.0 mg/kg, i.p.) and diazepam (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) produced place preferenc ...	1988	2840924
serum albumin adducts in the molecular epidemiology of aflatoxin carcinogenesis: correlation with aflatoxin b1 intake and urinary excretion of aflatoxin m1.	aflatoxin-serum albumin adducts in the blood of 42 residents of guangxi province, people's republic of china, were determined and compared with intake of aflatoxin b1 (afb1) and excretion of aflatoxin m1 (afm1) in urine. blood specimens were obtained during the same period that urine was collected and that diet was sampled. serum albumin was isolated from blood by affinity chromatography on reactive blue 2-sepharose and subjected to enzymatic proteolysis using pronase. immunoreactive products we ...	1988	3133131
purification and characterization of salmolysin, an extracellular hemolytic toxin from aeromonas salmonicida.	an extracellular hemolytic toxin of aeromonas salmonicida, termed salmolysin, was purified 945-fold by ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion-exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, and gel filtration chromatography on sephadex g-100 and sepharose 2b. salmolysin appeared homogeneous upon cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis and immunodiffusion analysis. the molecular weight of the toxin was estimated to be approximately 200,000 by the sedimentation equilibrium method. the uv absorption s ...	1988	3136147
analysis of a large cluster of nonessential genes deleted from a vaccinia virus terminal transposition mutant.	the principal objectives of this study were to analyze the structure and coding potential of a long segment of dna missing from a previously isolated (b. moss, e. winters, and j. a. cooper (1981) j. virol. 40, 387-395) attenuated variant of vaccinia virus strain wr and to examine the precise changes in the genome accompanying the deletion. the sequences of a 14.5-kbp region located at the left end of the standard vaccinia virus genome, extending from within the inverted terminal repetition (itr) ...	1988	2849238
dna:dna reassociation analysis of aeromonas salmonicida.	dna from 26 aeromonas salmonicida strains, namely 11 'typical' and 15 so-called 'atypical' strains, was used to assess the taxonomic relatedness within the species. the genomes were characterized by determination of dna base composition, dna:dna reassociation, calculation of sequence divergence following reassociation, and by genome size estimations. by comparison with dna obtained from controls and the aeromonas hydrophila group, a. salmonicida strains were determined to be correctly placed wit ...	1988	3171541
the humoral immune response of rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri) immunised by various regimes and preparations of aeromonas salmonicida antigens.	antibody production in rainbow trout to extracellular antigens was investigated. the following antigen preparations and immunisation regimes were used: native extracellular products (ecp) in freund's complete adjuvant (fca), intraperitoneally (i.p.) with and without booster; formalinized ecp in fca, i.p. with and without booster; washed, formalinized a. salmonicida cells in fca, i.p., with booster; native ecp in saline, i.m., four weekly injections at two different doses, 45 micrograms and 6 mic ...	1988	3188377
selection for virulence in the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida, using coomassie brilliant blue agar.	coomassie brilliant blue agar was used to quantify the frequency of the a-layer phenotype in different isolates of aeromonas salmonicida. hydrophilic, non-clumping isolates of a. salmonicida consisted predominantly of the a-layer minus phenotype. these bacteria were avirulent by intraperitoneal injection into susceptible brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) and could not be reisolated from infected fish. by contrast, hydrophobic, clumping isolates were predominantly of the a-layer positive phenot ...	1988	3193563
serological comparison between isolated strains of aeromonas salmonicida by agglutination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa).		1988	3206945
hiv-1 seroprevalence in male prostitutes in northeast italy.		1988	3216323
effect of acute ethanol administration on human blood aldehyde dehydrogenase activity.	the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ec 1.2.1.3) activity in human blood was measured after acute oral administration of two different doses of ethanol to healthy subjects. no changes in aldehyde dehydrogenase activity were observed in either of the two dose groups, as compared to control subjects receiving no ethanol. likewise, incubation of human whole blood samples with 20 mm ethanol for 2 hr caused no change in aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. the results show that human blood aldehyde dehydrogenase ...	1988	3067608
effect of acute ethanol administration on human blood aldehyde dehydrogenase activity.	the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ec 1.2.1.3) activity in human blood was measured after acute oral administration of two different doses of ethanol to healthy subjects. no changes in aldehyde dehydrogenase activity were observed in either of the two dose groups, as compared to control subjects receiving no ethanol. likewise, incubation of human whole blood samples with 20 mm ethanol for 2 hr caused no change in aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. the results show that human blood aldehyde dehydrogenase ...	1988	3067608
drug-resistant plasmids from fish pathogens.	the epidemiological surveillance of drug-resistant strains of the fish pathogenic bacteria vibrio anguillarum and pasteurella piscicida carrying transferable r plasmids in fish farms is described. the dna structure of r plasmids, and the drug-resistant determinants of r plasmids from the fish pathogens aeromonas hydrophila,aeromonas salmonicida, edwardsiella tarda, v. anguillarum, and p. piscicida are discussed.	1988	3079184
chicken gonadotropin-releasing hormone ii increases plasma catecholamines in the bullfrog.	the aim of the present experiments was to test the effects of two native neuropeptides, [his5,trp7,tyr8]gonadotropin-releasing hormone (chicken gnrh ii) and [trp7,leu8]gnrh (salmon gnrh), on the sympathoadrenal system of chronically cannulated, conscious bullfrogs (rana catesbeiana). we observed that i.v. injection of chicken gnrh ii or salmon gnrh increased plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations, at doses that did not significantly affect arterial blood pressure or heart rate. chick ...	1988	3067127
immunoglobulin binding by the regular surface array of aeromonas salmonicida.	the cell surface of aeromonas salmonicida is covered by a regular surface array composed of a single species of protein, the a-protein (phipps, b. m., trust, t. j., ishiguro, e. e., and kay, w. w. (1983) biochemistry 22, 2934-2939). the array, known as the a-layer, is the key virulence factor for this organism. cells containing the a-layer specifically bound rabbit igg and human igm with high affinity (kd = 1.0 x 10(-6) m and 3.3 x 10(-6) m, respectively), but neither isogenic a-protein-deficien ...	1988	2967820
differential susceptibility of salmonid fishes to furunculosis correlates with differential serum enhancement of aeromonas salmonicida extracellular protease activity.	rainbow trout, atlantic salmon and brown trout, respectively, exhibit an increasing order of susceptibility to furunculosis. we investigated if this may be due to a differential sensitivity to exotoxins or ability to inhibit the exoprotease which is required by the bacterium to digest protein for growth. differences were slight in susceptibility to exotoxins and serum inhibition of exoprotease at high exotoxin:serum ratios. however, at low ratios brown trout serum markedly enhanced protease acti ...	1988	3059141
a naturally immunogenic virion-associated protein specific for hiv-2 and siv.	the genomic organization of hiv-1 and the family of hiv-2 and siv viruses is similar. however, there is an open reading frame, orf-x, that is present in hiv-2 and siv, but not in hiv-1. the extent of protein sequence conservation in orf-x between hiv-2rod and sivmac suggests that this open reading frame encodes a gene that may be important for infectivity or replication. here, we show that the orf-x products of sivmac and hiv-2sbl-6669 are virion-associated and that the introduction of a prematu ...	1988	2842694
a naturally immunogenic virion-associated protein specific for hiv-2 and siv.	the genomic organization of hiv-1 and the family of hiv-2 and siv viruses is similar. however, there is an open reading frame, orf-x, that is present in hiv-2 and siv, but not in hiv-1. the extent of protein sequence conservation in orf-x between hiv-2rod and sivmac suggests that this open reading frame encodes a gene that may be important for infectivity or replication. here, we show that the orf-x products of sivmac and hiv-2sbl-6669 are virion-associated and that the introduction of a prematu ...	1988	2842694
influence of immunomodulatory agents on bovine humoral and cellular immune responses to parenteral inoculation with bovine rotavirus vaccines.	sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (dtc), mycobacterium cell wall extract (mcwe, regressin), killed corynebacterium parvum (c. parvum, immunoregulin) and muramyldipeptide (mdp) were each combined with purified, live bovine rotavirus and inoculated into 3 month-old holstein-friesian calves in order to examine their ability to potentiate specific humoral and cellular immune responses. the vaccinated calves were boosted twice at 3 and 6 weeks after initial vaccine inoculation. the rotavirus was administ ...	1988	2847397
importance of pulmonary blood volume and aortic blood pressure in regulation of left ventricular function.		1988	2900297
mechanism of the epsp synthase catalyzed reaction: evidence for the lack of a covalent carboxyvinyl intermediate in catalysis.	in order to detect covalent reaction intermediates in the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (epsp) synthase reaction, we have investigated the interaction of epsp synthase with the reaction product epsp. an exchange of epsp-methylene protons could be demonstrated by incubating epsps with epsp in d2o. since trace amounts of contaminating pi would lead to reversal of epsps reaction and hence methylene proton exchange, we added pyruvate kinase, adp, mg++ and k+. under these conditions, any contami ...	1988	2838023
[the entero-insular axis: the new incretin candidate glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide (glp-1(7-36))amide].	the functional connection between the gut and pancreatic islets is described by the term "enteroinsular axis". a humoral factor of the gut that might enhance the glucose-induced secretion of insulin is named "incretin". for many years glucose-dependent insulin-releasing polypeptide (gip) was the strongest incretin candidate. however, recent evidence suggests that glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide represents a more potent physiological incretin. the sequence of glp-1 is identical in various mamm ...	1988	2849249
modulation by cytosolic ph of calcium and rubidium fluxes in rat pancreatic islets.	cytosolic ph (phi) of pancreatic islet cells was assessed using the fluorescent dye 2'7'-biscarboxyethyl-5'(6')-carboxyfluorescein (bcecf). phi was rapidly lowered by addition of the sodium salt of a weak acid or by treatment with amiloride. in the latter case, no recovery of phi occurred. nh4cl produced a rise in phi. stimulation of islet cells with glyceraldehyde produced a sustained fall in phi, whereas glucose and alpha-ketoisocaproate caused a small, gradual rise in phi. intracellular acidi ...	1988	3060124
effect of nitroglycerin on myocardial collateral conductance in awake dogs.	conductance of the coronary collateral circulation during the course of two abrupt circumflex coronary occlusions (pre- and posttreatment with nitroglycerin) was measured in awake dogs approximately 2 wk after collateral vessels were stimulated to develop. the pressure gradient from the central aorta to the distal circumflex coronary artery was measured, and myocardial blood flow was determined by 9-microns radioactive microspheres at 30 s and 4 min after coronary occlusions. collateral conducta ...	1988	3128122
peripheral pmn cells in juvenile periodontitis. increased release of elastase and of oxygen radicals after stimulation with opsonized bacteria.	in 12 patients with juvenile periodontitis (jp), stimulation of peripheral polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn) by opsonized bacteria showed increased release of free oxygen radicals and of elastase activity in relation to that of pair-matched healthy controls. the elastase increase was not associated with higher intracellular content of elastase, since the measurement of homogenized pmn cells did not differ between the patient group and the control group; nor did the spontaneous elastase activit ...	1988	3165394
effects of long term oral administration of ketanserin and trichlormethiazide on blood pressure in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.		1988	3240734
effects of long term oral administration of ketanserin and trichlormethiazide on blood pressure in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.		1988	3240734
differential cardiovascular effects of central clonidine and b-ht 920 in conscious rats.	the effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists clonidine and b-ht 920 on mean arterial pressure (map), heart rate (hr), and plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline was examined in conscious unrestrained rats. the injection of 1.0 microgram clonidine significantly decreased map and slightly decreased hr. plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels were slightly but not significantly decreased after the injection of 1 microgram clonidine. ...	1988	3242780
retroviral transfer of genes into canine hematopoietic progenitor cells.	amphotropic retroviral vectors containing either the bacterial neomycin phosphotransferase gene or a mutant dihydrofolate reductase gene (dhfr*) were used to infect canine hematopoietic progenitor cells. successful transfer and expression of both genes in canine hematopoietic progenitor cells has been achieved as measured by the ability of the viruses to confer resistance to either methotrexate (mtx) or the aminoglycoside g418, respectively. gene transfer was achieved using helper-free retrovira ...	1988	3066170
the knowledge of human nutrition and the peoples of the world.		1988	3067450
norepinephrine is a presynaptic input to visual corpus callosum cells.	the neurochemical identity of presynaptic inputs to cell bodies of corpus callosum fibers (callosal cells) located in visual cortex of the cat was investigated using a double labeling technique. callosal cells were labeled by horseradish peroxidase applied to the severed ends of callosal fibers, and [3h]norepinephrine (ne) was injected into the crown of the lateral gyrus corresponding to the visual cortical area 17/18 border to label synapses. the tissue surrounding the injection sites was proce ...	1988	3340321