Publications

bacterial penetration across the blood-brain barrier during the development of neonatal meningitis.	bacterial pathogens may breach the blood-brain barrier (bbb) and invade the central nervous system through paracellular and/or transcellular mechanisms. transcellular penetration, e.g., transcytosis across the bbb has been demonstrated for escherichia coli k1, group b streptococcus, listeria monocytogenes, citrobacter freundii and streptococcus pneumonia strains. genes contributing to invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells include e. coli k1 genes ompa, ibea, ibeb, and yijp. understan ...	2000	11008113
[the study of aerobic bacterial background and antibiotic-sensitive isolated strains in the ent department].	aerobic microbes in ent departments were studied. the following strains were isolated: staphylococcus, streptococcus, enterococcus, acinetobacter, klebsiella, pseudomonas, flavobacter, citrobacter, enterobacter, escherichia, aspergillus, candida. 54.5% of the isolated strains were of hospital origin. comparative evaluation of antibiotic resistance has shown a wide spectrum of resistance of the isolated microorganisms to antimicrobial drugs, among those to the drugs used in the ent departments.	2000	11011575
biological cost of ampc production for salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium.	chromosomally mediated ampc-type beta-lactamases are frequently found among enterobacteriaceae. hyperproduction of ampc beta-lactamase results in high-level resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. one striking feature of salmonella is the absence of the structural ampc gene, encoding ampc beta-lactamase, in contrast with other members in the enterobacteriaceae family, such as escherichia, citrobacter, or enterobacter. the horizontal acquisition of ampc genes is one of the causes of the increased ...	2000	11036037
enteric bacteria, lipopolysaccharides and related cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease: biological and clinical significance.	ulcerative colitis (uc) and crohn's disease (cd) [inflammatory bowel disease (ibd)] are both characterized by an exaggerated immune response at the gut associated lymphoreticular tissue level. such an abnormal and dysregulated immune response may be directed against luminal and/or enteric bacterial antigens, as also supported by murine models of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) caused by organisms such as citrobacter rodentium and helicobacter hepaticus. bacterial endotoxins or lipopolysaccharid ...	2000	11052175
detection and distribution of insertion sequence 1 (is1)-containing bacteria in the freshwater environment(1).	the distribution of insertion sequence 1 (is1)-containing bacteria was investigated in windermere (cumbria, uk), a freshwater body impacted by treated sewage discharge and run-off from the surrounding catchment. culturable is1-containing bacteria were recovered from the water column at three depths in windermere north basin (wnb) and south basin (wsb), and from sediment at both sites (at the sediment surface in wsb and to a depth of 12-13 cm in wnb). polymerase chain reaction amplification of is ...	2000	11053739
outbreak of nosocomial infections due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strains of enteric group 137, a new member of the family enterobacteriaceae closely related to citrobacter farmeri and citrobacter amalonaticus.	a member of the enterobacteriaceae initially identified as kluyvera cryocrescens by the microscan gram-negative combo 13 panel caused an outbreak of nosocomial infections in four patients (pneumonia, n = 2; urinary tract infection, n = 1; wound infection, n = 1) and urinary tract colonization in one patient. when the strains were tested by the enteric reference laboratory of the centers for disease control and prevention, biochemical results were most compatible with yersinia intermedia, kluyver ...	2000	11060050
gatifloxacin: a new fluoroquinolone.	gatifloxacin is a new 8-methoxy-fluoroquinoline antimicrobial agent. it has enhanced activity against gram-positive and atypical agents, while retaining broad-spectrum antigram-negative activity. for example, the mic(90) values for respiratory tract pathogens are < or = 0.5 microg/ml for organisms such as streptococcus pneumoniae (regardless of penicillin susceptibility), haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase positive or negative), moraxella catarrhalis (beta-lactamase positive or negative), le ...	2000	11060784
[antibacterial activities of piperacillin in several fresh clinical isolates].	we investigated activity of piperacillin (pipc) in comparison with 8 antibacterial reference drugs against several fresh clinical strains isolated from patients with infectious diseases in the respiratory tract and after surgical interventions in 1999. the following results were obtained: 1. pipc had its mic90 of 0.12-6 micrograms/ml in gram-positive bacteria (methicillin susceptible staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus agalactiae, streptococcu ...	2000	11070819
prevalence of bacterial pathogens and susceptibility patterns from clinical sources in trinidad.	during a 12-month period (january-december, 1997), bacterial isolates of specimens from in-patients and out-patients of the eric williams medical sciences complex (ewmsc) were reviewed. a total of 3,513 specimens were processed, 43.1% from in-patients and 56.9% from out-patients. of the 3,513 specimens, 1129 (32.1%) yielded positive cultures. micro-organisms from wounds, sputum and genital tract accounted for 90.2%, 51.5% and 31.8%, respectively, of all isolates. e coli (17.4%) and enterococci ( ...	2000	11076210
interaction of tyrosine phenol-lyase with phosphoroorganic analogues of substrate amino acids.	the phosphinic analogues of tyrosine and pyruvate were first demonstrated to be substrates in the reactions of elimination and synthesis catalyzed by tyrosine phenol-lyase. kinetic parameters of the enzymatic process were determined, and the first enzymic synthesis of an aminophosphinic acid was carried out. replacement of the planar hooc-group by the tetrahedral (ho)(o)ph-group in the substrate slightly affected its affinity for the enzyme but substantially diminished the conversion rate. for p ...	2000	11082202
levofloxacin pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activities against five enterobacterial species.	after oral administration of 500 mg of levofloxacin to 12 volunteers, we investigated the pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activities (sbas) against five strains of members of the family enterobacteriaceae. pharmacokinetic data were as follows: maximum concentration in serum, 6.36 +/- 0.57 mg/liter; area under the concentration-time curve, 43.6 +/- 6.23 mg. h/liter; elimination half-life 4.23 +/- 0.87 h. sbas were present for 24 h against escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii. the sba ...	2000	11083664
citrobacter rodentium, the causative agent of transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia, exhibits clonality: synonymy of c. rodentium and mouse-pathogenic escherichia coli.	citrobacter rodentium (formerly citrobacter freundii biotype 4280 and citrobacter genomospecies 9) was described on the basis of biochemical characterization and dna-dna hybridization data and is the only citrobacter species known to possess virulence factors homologous to those of the human pathogens enteropathogenic escherichia coli and enterohemorrhagic e. coli. these virulence factors are encoded on the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee), a pathogenicity island required for the characteris ...	2000	11101562
cost-effective and rapid presumptive identification of gram-negative bacilli in routine urine, pus, and stool cultures: evaluation of the use of chromagar orientation medium in conjunction with simple biochemical tests.	the algorithm for a new identification system was designed on the basis of colony color and morphology on chromagar orientation medium in conjunction with simple biochemical tests such as indole (ind), lysine decarboxylase (ldc), and ornithine decarboxylase (odc) utilization tests with gram-negative bacilli isolated from urine samples as well as pus, stool, and other clinical specimens by the following colony characteristics, biochemical reactions, and serological results: pinkish to red, ind po ...	2000	11101600
fragmentation of 23s rrna in strains of proteus and providencia results from intervening sequences in the rrn (rrna) genes.	intervening sequences (ivss) were originally identified in the rrl genes for 23s rrna (rrl genes, for large ribosomal subunit, part of rrn operon encoding rrna) of salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium lt2 and arizonae. these sequences are transcribed but later removed during rnase iii processing of the rrna, resulting in fragmentation of the 23s species; ivss are uncommon, but have been reported in at least 10 bacterial genera. through pcr amplification of ivs-containing regions of the rrl g ...	2000	10648538
association of qace and qacedelta1 with multiple resistance to antibiotics and antiseptics in clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria.	clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and stenotrophomonas maltophilia were tested for resistance to antibiotics and to the antiseptics benzalkonium chloride and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. furthermore, they were examined for the presence of the resistance genes qace and qacedelta1. qacedelta1 was detected by pcr in 10% of all (n=103) and in 81% of multiply antibiotic-resistant strains (n=15). qace was found in only one of 37 p. aeruginosa s ...	2000	10650208
the yersinia high-pathogenicity island is present in different members of the family enterobacteriaceae.	a pathogenicity island termed high-pathogenicity island (hpi) is present in pathogenic yersinia. this 35 to 45 kb island carries genes involved in synthesis, regulation and transport of the siderophore yersiniabactin. recently, the hpi was also detected in various strains of escherichia coli. in this study, the distribution of the hpi in the family enterobacteriaceae was investigated. among the 67 isolates pertaining to 18 genera and 52 species tested, nine (13.4%) harbored the island. these iso ...	2000	10675599
specificity of a conductance assay for enumeration of escherichia coli from broiler carcass rinse samples containing genetically similar species.	experiments were conducted to evaluate the specificity of a rapid method for enumeration of escherichia coli from fresh broiler chicken carcasses. in three separate trials, e. coli, citrobacter freundii, salmonella enteritidis, and shigella sonnei were serially diluted and then inoculated into identical broiler chicken carcass rinses. inoculated rinses were mixed with double-strength coliform medium supplemented with 2% dextrose. this mixture was placed in a bactometer module in duplicate, and c ...	2000	10678434
analysis of the mechanisms of quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii		2000	10747842
[the structure and antibiotic sensitivity of the causative agents of community-acquired infectious diseases of bacterial origin in children].	four hundred and forty pediatric patients at the age of 7 days to 15 years with various infections admitted to the hospital within a month were examined. the biological material was inoculated to blood agar on the first days of the patient admittance to the hospital and after the growth the organisms were isolated and identified. antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was assayed with the disk diffusion method. 479 strains in all were tested. the most frequent cases requiring hospitalization ...	2000	10768061
citrobacter freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase: the role of asparagine 185 in modulating enzyme function through stabilization of a quinonoid intermediate.	asn185 is an invariant residue in all known sequences of tpl and of closely related tryptophanase and it may be aligned with the asn194 in aspartate aminotransferase. according to x-ray data, in the holoenzyme and in the michaelis complex asn185 does not interact with the cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, but in the external aldimine a conformational change occurs which is accompanied by formation of a hydrogen bond between asn185 and the oxygen atom in position 3 of the cofactor. the substitutio ...	2000	10775663
ascending cholangitis as a cause of pyogenic liver abscesses complicated by a gastric submucosal abscess and fistula.	ruptures of nonamebic (pyogenic) liver abscesses into the thorax and peritoneum are very uncommon; but, hepatoduodenal and hepatocolonic fistulas are ever more rare. we report a case where ascending cholangitis was associated with pyogenic liver abscess formation and a gastric fistula. drainage into the stomach was demonstrated by gastroduodenal endoscopy for gastric bleeding. after fistula formation, we could successfully treat the inflammation caused by infection of citrobacter freundii and ca ...	2000	10777197
[detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamases producing enterobacteriaceae in feces].	a study was made of 366 feces for detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamases producing enterobacteriaceae from feces. the selective agar was used for modified drigalski agar (eiken chemical co., ltd) with 2 micrograms/ml cefotaxime (esbl screen agar). 92 strains of enterobacteriaceae, 41 escherichia coli, 15 citrobacter freundii, 13 enterobacter cloacae, 11 klebsiella pneumoniae, and other 12, were isolated from esbl screen agar. and, r-plasmid that were selected by 2 micrograms/ml cefotaxim ...	2000	10783580
treatment of sanitary-important bacteria by bacteriocin substance v24 in cattle dung water.	quantification of sanitary-important bacteria (e.g. enterobacteriaceae), as well as indicators of environmental contamination, was assessed in samples of cattle dung from 25 cattle farms in 15 north-eastern slovakia districts. the inhibitory effect of crude bacteriocin extract cbe v24 from enterococcus faecalis v24 against listeria monocytogenes ohio and yersinia enterocolitica ye85 was examined in cattle dung water with the aim of finding a new way of eliminating the health risk of the animal s ...	2000	10792671
[community-acquired bacteremic pneumonia due to citrobacter diversus].		2000	10804650
e. coli invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells as a pathogenetic basis of meningitis.	a major limitation to advances in prevention and therapy of bacterial meningitis is our incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. successful isolation and cultivation of bmec, which constitute the blood brain barrier, and the development of experimental hematogenous meningitis animal model, which mimics closely the pathogenesis of human meningitis, enabled us to dissect the pathogenetic mechanisms of bacterial meningitis. we have shown for the first time using e. coli as a pa ...	2000	10804851
molecular beacons: a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for detecting salmonella.	molecular beacons are oligonucleotide probes that become fluorescent upon hybridization. we developed a real-time pcr assay to detect the presence of salmonella species using these fluorogenic reporter molecules. a 122-base-pair section of the hima was used as the amplification target. molecular beacons were designed to recognize a 16-base-pair region on the amplicon. as few as 2 colony-forming unit (cfu) per pcr reaction could be detected. we also demonstrated the ability of the molecular beaco ...	2000	10805535
pk(a) calculations for class c beta-lactamases: the role of tyr-150.	the poisson-boltzmann method was used to compute the pk(a) values of titratable residues in a set of class c beta-lactamases. in these calculations, the pk(a) of the phenolic group of residue tyr150 is the only one to stand out with an abnormally low value of 8.3, more than one pk(a) unit lower than the measured reference value for tyrosine in solution. other important residues of the catalytic pocket, such as the conserved lys67, lys315, his314, and glu272 (hydrogen-bonded to the ammonium group ...	2000	10813827
in vitro activity of gemifloxacin against a broad range of recent clinical isolates from the usa.	the antibacterial potencies of gemifloxacin (sb-265805) and 13 comparator compounds were determined by broth microdilution against a panel of 645 gram-positive and 995 gram-negative organisms collected from various usa sites. time-kill studies were performed and postantibiotic effect (pae) was determined for several organisms using trovafloxacin and ciprofloxacin as comparator compounds. based on mic(90)s, gemifloxacin was the most potent compound tested against gram-positive isolates: streptoco ...	2000	10824027
prevalence of salmonella spp. in poultry broilers and shell eggs in korea.	this study was conducted to determine the presence of salmonella spp. in raw broilers and shell eggs in korea. in total, 135 dozen shell eggs and 27 raw broilers were tested. none of the egg yolks were found to contain salmonella organisms but escherichia coli, escherichia hermanii, and citrobacter freundii were isolated from egg shells. salmonella spp. were detected in 25.9% of raw broilers, and salmonella serotypes isolated from raw broilers were salmonella enteritidis, salmonella virchow, and ...	2000	10826725
enteropathogenic escherichia coli isolates in paediatric diarrhoea.	enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) are known to cause infantile enteritis. we studied the prevalence of epec in paediatric patients with acute and persistent diarrhoea. a total of 56 stool samples from paediatric patients were studied. there were 28 significant bacterial isolates. of these 21 were untypable e. coli, 5 were typable e. coli, four of which belonged to members considered to be enteropathogenic. non e. coli isolates grown in pure culture were one each of pseudomonas aeruginosa ...	2000	10835962
[accuracy of antibiograms performed directly from urine incubation bottles of the sebac system for diagnosing bacteriuria].		2000	10846244
a kinetic study on the interaction between tazobactam (a penicillanic acid sulphone derivative) and active-site serine beta-lactamases.	the interaction between tazobactam and several chromosome- and plasmid-encoded (tem, shv, pse types) class a and c beta-lactamases was studied by spectrophotometry. tazobactam behaved as a competitive inhibitor or inactivator able to restore in several cases the efficiency of piperacillin as a partner beta-lactam. a detailed kinetic analysis permitted measurement of the acylation efficiency for some cephalosporinases and broad-spectrum beta-lactamases; the presence of a turn-over of acyl-enzyme ...	2000	10850951
in vitro efficacy of six cephalosporins tested against enterobacteriaceae isolated at 38 north american medical centres participating in the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program, 1997-1998.	the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program is an ongoing international collaboration that monitors the predominant bacterial and fungal pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns associated with community-acquired and nosocomial infections. sentry data on the current cephalosporin susceptibility patterns (1997-98) of north american isolates of clinically important enterobacteriaceae were analyzed. susceptibility to a selection of cephalosporins was assessed at a central laboratory us ...	2000	10854806
a new rapid automated method for the detection of listeria from environmental swabs and sponges.	many food and meat processors test environmental swabs and sponges to confirm the absence of listeria spp. spectral pattern changes in a liquid growth medium, resulting from esculin hydrolysis by listeria in contaminated swabs and sponges, were automatically monitored by the biosys instrument in a semifluid layer (sfl). the blackening of sfl in modified mox broth resulted in sharply declining curves, which were easily detected by the instrument. the instrument detected all nine strains of lister ...	2000	10857550
a novel ctx-m beta-lactamase (ctx-m-8) in cefotaxime-resistant enterobacteriaceae isolated in brazil.	to estimate the diversity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in brazil, 18 strains from different species of the family enterobacteriaceae exhibiting a positive double-disk synergy test were collected by a clinical laboratory from several hospitals in rio de janeiro, brazil, in 1996 and 1997. four strains (proteus mirabilis, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, and citrobacter amalonaticus) hybridized with a 550-bp ctx-m probe. the p. mirabilis strain produced a ctx-m-2 enzyme. the e. ...	2000	10858358
in vitro activity of rifaximin, metronidazole and vancomycin against clostridium difficile and the rate of selection of spontaneously resistant mutants against representative anaerobic and aerobic bacteria, including ammonia-producing species.	rifaximin is a rifamycin derivative characterized by a wide antibacterial activity. this drug is neither absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract nor inactivated by gastric juices, and exerts its action entirely within the intestinal lumen.	2000	10859431
cefditoren activity against nearly 1000 non-fastidious bacterial isolates and the development of in vitro susceptibility test methods.	cefditoren (formerly me-1206) is an investigational, orally administered cephalosporin ester with bactericidal activity against many gram-positive and -negative organisms. cefditoren potency against nearly 1000 non-fastidious species was determined by national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) reference broth microdilution and standardized disk diffusion methods. against staphylococci, usable cefditoren activity was completely correlated with oxacillin with respect to potency a ...	2000	10863109
modification of the bile salts-irgasan-brilliant green agar for enumeration of aeromonas species from food.	the present study evaluated the productivity of bibg medium for the isolation of aeromonas spp. from food and describes a modification of the bibg medium (mbibg) (increased ph (8.7), replacement of xylose by soluble starch as a carbon source, decreased concentration of bile salts) to increase its selectivity and electivity. using the mbibg medium, growth of the majority of the enterobacteriaceae (9/10) was suppressed except for citrobacter freundii. the mbibg medium supported growth of pseudomon ...	2000	10868682
a cycle: recurrent gram-negative folliculitis with citrobacter diversus (koseri) following eradication of recurrent staphylococcal pyoderma.		2000	10871958
the immune responses to bacterial antigens encountered in vivo at mucosal surfaces.	mammals have evolved a sophisticated immune system for handling antigens encountered at their mucosal surfaces. the way in which mucosally delivered antigens are handled influences our ability to design effective mucosal vaccines. live attenuated derivatives of pathogens are one route towards the development of mucosal vaccines. however, some molecules, described as mucosal immunogens, are inherently immunogenic at mucosal surfaces. studies on mucosal immunogens may facilitate the identification ...	2000	10874742
citrobacter sepsis and severe newborn respiratory failure supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.	an infant with fulminant citrobacter sepsis and respiratory failure is presented. the severity of respiratory failure and the need for systemic heparinization on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation delayed the opportunity of initial lumbar puncture to rule out meningitis. the infant was successfully treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and long-term antibiotics. repeated cranial computed tomography scans remained negative for intracerebral abscesses, and the infant is within normal l ...	2000	10879343
assessment of the microbiological quality and wash treatments of lettuce served in university restaurants.	one hundred and forty-four samples of lettuce from 16 university restaurants were analyzed. the mesophilic aerobic counts of all samples ranged from 3.01 to 7.81 log10 cfu g(-1). results of total coliforms ranged from < 0.47 to > 3.38 log10 most probable number (mpn) g(-1). of the lettuce samples, 25.7% harbored escherichia coli, 22.9% staphylococcus aureus and 84% group d streptococci. similarly, 10.4% of the samples harbored aeromonas hydrophila, 2.8% pseudomonas aeruginosa, and coliforms such ...	2000	10898470
increased nuclear translocation of catalytically active pkc-zeta during mouse colonocyte hyperproliferation.	protein kinase (pk) c-zeta is implicated in the control of colonic epithelial cell proliferation in vitro. however, less is known about its physiological role in vivo. using the transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia (tmch) model, we determined its expression, subcellular localization, and kinase activity during native crypt hyperproliferation. enhanced mitosis was associated with increased cellular 72-kda holoenzyme (pkc-zeta, 3.2-fold), 48-kda catalytic subunit (pkm-zeta, 3- to 9-fold), and ...	2000	10898766
expression of intimin gamma from enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli in citrobacter rodentium.	the carboxy-terminal 280 amino acids (int280) of the bacterial adhesion molecule intimin include the receptor-binding domain. at least five different types of int280, designated alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon, have been described based on sequence variation in this region. importantly, the intimin types are associated with different evolutionary branches and contribute to distinct tissue tropism of intimin-positive bacterial pathogens. in this study we engineered a strain of citrobacter ...	2000	10899867
[enterobacterial native valve endocarditis in the intensive care unit: report of two cases].		2000	10909160
the role of glutamic acid-69 in the activation of citrobacter freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase by monovalent cations.	tyrosine phenol-lyase (tpl) from citrobacter freundii is activated about 30-fold by monovalent cations, the most effective being k(+), nh(4)(+), and rb(+). previous x-ray crystal structure analysis has demonstrated that the monovalent cation binding site is located at the interface between subunits, with ligands contributed by the carbonyl oxygens of gly52 and asn262 from one chain and monodentate ligation by one of the epsilon-oxygens of glu69 from another chain [antson, a. a., demidkina, t. v. ...	2000	10913261
[diagnosis of malacoplakia in a transplanted kidney by needle biopsy].	malakoplakia is an uncommon inflammatory condition rarely involving parenchyma of transplanted kidney. we report a 44-year-old female recipient of a cadaveric renal allograft treated with cyclosporin a and prednisone. after transplantation, e. coli and citrobacter bacteruria occurred and three years later decreased graft function developed. percutaneous needle biopsy was performed and diagnosis of malakoplakia was established. histologically, interstitial sheets of plasmocytes and histiocytes wi ...	2000	10916930
isolations of enteric pathogens from synanthropic flies trapped in downtown kuala lumpur.	four species of synanthropic flies were trapped in downtown kuala lumpur: chrysomya megacephala, chrysomya rufifacies, musca domestica, and musca sorbens. burkholderia pseudomallei, the organism causing melioidosis, was the dominant bacteria isolated from chrysomya megacephala. klebsiella oxytoca, commonly associated with nosocomial infections, was commonly isolated from chrysomya megacephala, musca domestica, and musca sorbens. aeromonas hydrophila, the bacteria causing gastroenteritis, was pre ...	2000	10925800
in vitro activity of 19 antimicrobial agents against 3513 nosocomial pathogens collected from 48 canadian medical centres. the canadian antimicrobial study group.	antimicrobial resistance is a global concern. differentiation between susceptibility rates for nosocomial versus community pathogens is important epidemiologically because it impacts on the appropriate empirical selection of antimicrobial therapy for infected patients. we studied resistance rates for 3513 nosocomial pathogens from 48 canadian medical centres tested against 19 antimicrobial agents. the following are percent susceptibility for ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, net ...	2000	10926444
enzymically mediated bioprecipitation of uranium by a citrobacter sp. : a concerted role for exocellular lipopolysaccharide and associated phosphatase in biomineral formation.	a citrobacter sp. accumulated uranyl ion (uo2(2+)) via precipitation with phosphate ligand liberated by phosphatase activity. the onset and rate of uranyl phosphate deposition were promoted by nh4(+), forming nh(4)uo(2)po(4), which has a lower solubility product than nauo(2)po(4). this acceleration decoupled the rate-limiting chemical crystallization process from the biochemical phosphate ligand generation. this provided a novel approach to monitor the cell-surface-associated changes using atomi ...	2000	10931890
prediction of two- and three-amino-acid sequences of citrobacter freundii beta-lactamase from its amino acid composition.	the repeated amino-acid sequences in citrobacter freundii beta-lactamase may be indispensable for its function, because such repetitions cannot be simply attributed to a chance. in order to fully explore the functional units in citrobacter freundii beta-lactamase, it may need to analyse all the amino acid pairs, triplets, etc. along citrobacter freundii beta-lactamase from one terminal to the other terminal, to count their frequencies and calculate their probabilities. the amino-acid sequence of ...	2000	10937436
purification and characterization of the 1-3-propanediol dehydrogenase of clostridium butyricum e5.	1-3 ppd dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.202) was purified to homogeneity from clostridium butyricum e5 grown anaerobically on glycerol in continuous culture. the native enzyme was estimated by gel filtration to have a molecular weight of 384 200 +/- 31 100 da; it is predicted to exist as an octamer or a decamer of identical molecular weight subunits. when tested as a dehydrogenase, the enzyme was most active with 1-3 propane diol. in the physiological direction, 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde was the preferre ...	2000	10938419
mechanical carrier of bacterial enteric pathogens by chrysomya megacephala (diptera: calliphoridae) in chiang mai, thailand.	chrysomya megacephala was studied regarding its mechanically bacterial carrier in urban areas of chiang mai, northern thailand. fifty-six adult flies were randomly collected using sweep insect net during april-may, 1999 from 3 fresh food markets and examined for bacteriological isolation. among them, 49 flies (87.5%) were bacterial carriers. the total 22 bacterial species and 8 groups were isolated. three species previously reported as the bacterial enteric pathogens causing diarrheal disease we ...	2000	11414447
liver hematoma following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ercp).	we report the case of an 81-year-old man who presented with abdominal pain following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ercp) for choledocholithiasis. a diagnosis of infected hematoma was made. a ct-guided puncture produced bloody matter that grew citrobacter freundii. a catheter was left in place for 3 weeks before the patient could be discharged from hospital. we hypothesize that the hepatic parenchyma had been torn by the guide used during the ercp. this case represents the first ...	2000	11287996
comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility of citrobacter freundii isolates in two different time periods.	citrobacter freundii was first identified in 1932, since then it has been reported to cause a variety of infections in aged, immunocompromised, and debilitated patients. with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, c. freundii has become increasingly resistant to antimicrobial agents. in order to determine the chronological changes in susceptibility and current susceptibility status of c. freundii, we compared the antimicrobial susceptibility of c. freundii in two different time periods, from 198 ...	2000	11269372
citrobacter diversus endocarditis.	citrobacter species are motile gram-negative bacilli that cause disease in humans, such as urinary tract infection, pneumonia, superficial and deep wound infections, gastroenteritis, meningitis, bacteremia, and rarely endocarditis. in those cases of endocarditis, intravenous drug use has been associated with citrobacter species. gram-negative organisms are present in less than 10% of cases of endocarditis in intravenous drug users. we present a case of tricuspid valve endocarditis in an intraven ...	2000	11149556
[multicenter evaluation of the antimicrobial activity in vitro for six broad-spectrum beta-lactams in china using the e-test method].	to investigate the in vitro activities of cefepime and other 5 beta-lactam antimicrobial agents against 937 strains isolated from 10 teaching hospitals in different geographical areas in china during the early 1998.	2000	11798789
resolution of high-molecular-weight components in lipopolysaccharides of escherichia coli, morganella morganii, citrobacter freundii and citrobacter diversus strains with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels.	the use of 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate in polyacrylamide separation gels allowed the resolution in several bands of high-molecular-mass components in smooth lipopolysaccharide of bacterial outer membrane from escherichia coli, morganella morganii, citrobacter freundii and citrobacter diversus. with or without 0.1% sds, however, such a result was not possible.	2000	10576704
convenient test for screening metallo-beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria by using thiol compounds.	a simple disk diffusion test was constructed for detection of imp-1-type metallo-beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria. two kirby-bauer disks containing ceftazidime (caz) and a filter disk containing a metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitor were used in this test. several imp-1 inhibitors such as thiol compounds including 2-mercaptopropionic acid, heavy metal salts, and edta were evaluated for this test. two caz disks were placed on a mueller-hinton agar plate on which a bacterial suspension ...	2000	10618060
occurrence and antibiotic sensitivity of enterobacteriaceae isolated from a group of jordanian patients with community acquired urinary tract infections.	the type and antibiotic sensitivity of urinary tract pathogens may differ in various communities. of 207 isolates recovered from midstream urine specimens collected from a group of patients with community acquired urinary tract infections (uti), 86% were species of enterobacteriaceae. the most frequently recovered pathogens were escherichia coli (82%), klebsiella spp. (7.3%), proteus spp. (6.2%), enterobacter spp. (3.4%) and citrobacter spp. (1.1%). high rates of resistance were found against am ...	2000	10697742
mixed infection in adult bacterial meningitis.	12 adult patients suffering from bacterial meningitis caused by mixed infection were identified at kaohsiung chang gung memorial hospital over a period of 13 years (1986-1998), and they accounted for 6.5% (12/184) of our culture-proven adult bacterial meningitis. the 12 cases included seven males and five females, aged 17-74 years. six of the 12 cases had community-acquired infections and the other six had nosocomially-acquired infections. ten of the 12 cases had associated underlying diseases, ...	2000	10697784
intestinal pathogen or ibd, same t-cell response.		2000	10701154
[the resistance of recent clinical isolates against isepamycin, other aminoglycosides and injectable beta-lactams].	clinical isolates collected from clinical facilities across japan in 1998 were tested against five aminoglycosides and three beta-lactams. the resistance of 50 strains each of methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), staphylococcus epidermidis, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter sp., serratia sp., pseudomonas aeruginosa and proteus sp. (p. mirabilis 25 strains and p. vulgaris 25 strains) to the amino ...	2000	10709145
pyridoxal 5'-phoshate schiff base in citrobacter freundii tyrosinephenol-lyase. ionic and tautomeric equilibria.	spectral properties of the internal schiff base in tyrosine phenol-lyase have been investigated in the presence of an activating cation k+ and a cation-inhibitor na+. the holoenzyme absorption spectra in the ph range 6.5-8.7 were recorded in the presence of k+. no apparent pka value of the coenzyme chromophore was found in this ph range, indicating that the internal schiff base does not change its ionic form on going from ph 6.5 to 8.7. to determine the ionic state and tautomeric composition of ...	2000	10712616
comparative effects of moxifloxacin and clarithromycin on the normal intestinal microflora.	twelve healthy male subjects age range 24-40 y participated in the investigation. the trial was divided into 2 35-d periods. the 2 treatment regimens were: (i) 1 x 400 mg moxifloxacin tablet in the morning and 1 placebo tablet in the evening for 7 d; and (ii) 1 x 500 mg clarithromycin tablet in the morning and 1 x 500 mg clarithromycin tablet in the evening for 7 d. each subject received firstly i treatment regimen and secondly the other treatment regimen. the wash-out period was 6 weeks between ...	2000	10716083
the nose as bacterial reservoir: important differences between the vestibule and cavity.	the difference between the spectra of potential bacterial pathogens (pbps) in the nasal vestibule and cavity has not been taken into account in clinical studies.	2000	10718432
comparable endotoxic properties of lipopolysaccharides are manifest in diverse clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria.	in general there is a poor correlation between serum lipopolysaccharide (lps; the biologically active constituent of endotoxin) levels and mortality in septic patients. the objective of this study was to determine if chemical, structural, or biological differences among lps from different clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria might explain this discrepancy. lps preparations were made using the hot phenol-water extraction method from eight clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria. as a p ...	2000	10722580
biodetoxification of silver-cyanide from electroplating industry wastewater.	a bacterial consortium capable of utilizing metal-cyanides as a source of nitrogen was used to develop a microbiological process for the detoxification of silver-cyanide from electroplating wastewater. when the treatment was carried out in a 27-l rotating biological contactor (r3c) in continuous mode, the system could achieve > 99.5% removal of 0.1 mmol l(-1) silver-cyanide (approximately 5 mg l(-1) cyanide and 10 mg l(-1) silver) in 10 h with sugarcane molasses (0.1 ml l(-1)) as carbon source. ...	2000	10728557
the prevalence of gentamicin resistance among clinical isolates of enterobacteria in a danish region.	the susceptibility of enterobacteria to gentamicin was studied in the county of north jutland during 1993-1998. a total of 378 patients had a first-time gentamicin-resistant isolate. the annual number rose from 34 patients in 1993 to 89 in 1998. the prevalence of resistance per 1000 patients with isolates examined was 13.5 for escherichia coli, 15.8 for klebsiella pneumoniae, 26.1 for klebsiella oxytoca, and 150.4 for citrobacter freundii. e. coli accounted for 67% of gentamicin-resistant isolat ...	2000	10737460
minimum inhibitory concentration determinations for various antimicrobial agents against 1570 bacterial isolates from turkey poults.	minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined for 1570 bacteria from eight geographic locations (1204 escherichia coli, 231 other enteric gram-negative bacilli [including citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., klebsiella spp., proteus spp., and salmonella spp.], 31 pseudomonas spp., 18 coagulase-positive staphylococci, 26 coagulase-negative staphylococci, and 55 streptococci and enterococci) by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards broth microdilution procedure. antim ...	2000	10737648
in vitro selected fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants of citrobacter freundii: analysis of the quinolone resistance acquisition.	ten quinolone-resistant mutants of citrobacter freundii, which were selected in vitro with fluoroquinolones from two clinical isolates, were studied. the parent isolates were susceptible to quinolones in spite of showing a single substitution in the gyrb (his-417 --> leu). no change was observed in the outer membrane proteins or in the lipopolysaccharide in any of the ten mutants studied with respect to their parent isolates. the development of quinolone resistance in selected mutants was associ ...	2000	10747831
the complexed structure and antimicrobial activity of a non-beta-lactam inhibitor of ampc beta-lactamase.	beta-lactamases are the major resistance mechanism to beta-lactam antibiotics and pose a growing threat to public health. recently, bacteria have become resistant to beta-lactamase inhibitors, making this problem pressing. in an effort to overcome this resistance, non-beta-lactam inhibitors of beta-lactamases were investigated for complementarity to the structure of ampc beta-lactamase from escherichia coli. this led to the discovery of an inhibitor, benzo(b)thiophene-2-boronic acid (bzbth2b), w ...	1999	10595535
use of pna oligonucleotides for the in situ detection of escherichia coli in water.	a species-specific peptide nucleic acid (pna) oligonucleotide probe directed against the v(1)region of the 16s rrna molecule was synthesized for the detection of escherichia coli in water. the specificity of the probe was tested in dot blot hybridizations against a number of environmental isolates including those from the genera escherichia, klebsiella, enterobacter and citrobacter. in situ hybridization experiments were performed with biotinylated pna oligonucleotide probes with subsequent dete ...	1999	10441198
live/dead baclight : application of a new rapid staining method for direct enumeration of viable and total bacteria in drinking water.	a rapid epifluorescence staining method using the live/dead bacterial viability kit (baclight) was applied to estimate both viable and total counts of bacteria in drinking water. baclight is composed of two nucleic acid-binding stains: syto 9 and propidium iodide. syto 9 penetrates all bacterial membranes and stains the cells green, while propidium iodide only penetrates cells with damaged membranes, and the combination of the two stains produces red fluorescing cells. optimal incubation conditi ...	1999	10395466
phosphate release and heavy metal accumulation by biofilm-immobilized and chemically-coupled cells of a citrobacter sp. pre-grown in continuous culture.	a heavy metal-accumulating citrobacter sp. was grown in carbon-limiting continuous culture in an air-lift fermentor containing raschig rings as support for biofilm development. planktonic cells from the culture outflow were immobilized in parallel on raschig rings by chemical coupling (silanization), for quantitative comparison of phosphatase activity and uranyl uptake by both types of immobilized cell. the flow rate giving 50% conversion of substrate to product (phosphate) in flow-through react ...	1999	10099584
multicenter evaluation of antimicrobial resistance to six broad-spectrum beta-lactams in colombia: comparison of data from 1997 and 1998 using the etest method. the colombian antimicrobial resistance study group.	the minimum inhibitory concentrations of six broad-spectrum beta-lactam antimicrobial agents were determined in 1998 by use of the etest versus a total of 823 bacteria in 11 colombian hospital laboratories. these data were compared with results of a similar study conducted in 1997. the organisms tested included 532 recent clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae, 108 pseudomonas aeruginosa, 94 acinetobacter species, and 89 oxacillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus. extended-spectrum beta-lactam ...	1999	10626135
[the results of a multicenter study of the comparative activity of cefepime and other antibiotics against the causative agents of severe hospital infections (the micromax program)].	a multicentre trial was performed on the activity of cefepime in comparison with ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem and ciprofloxacin against severe hospital infection pathogens in intensive care units. the isolates of escherichia coli and proteus spp. from the majority of the centres were highly susceptible to the antibiotics (90 to 100 per cent of the isolates). in some centres up to 40 per cent of the isolates produced esbl. the isolates of klebsiella spp. were charac ...	1999	10629736
sub-mic ciprofloxacin effect on fimbrial production by uropathogenic escherichia coli strains.	the urine from 210 patients with acute urinary tract infection (uti) was examined to study the in vitro effect of ciprofloxacin on fimbriae production by uropathogenic escherichia coli isolates. forty-nine bacterial samples of density 10(5) cfu/ml were not considered. from the resulting 161 samples, e. coli was the major strain found, present in 54 samples. other microoganisms found were: enterococcus sp. (34 samples), staphylococcus epidermis (22), yeasts (11), proteus sp. (11), pseudomonas sp. ...	1999	10632381
intestinal protozoa in hiv-infected patients: effect of rifaximin in cryptosporidium parvum and blastocystis hominis infections.	in hiv-1 infected patients severe enteritis and chronic diarrhea are often documented as a consequence of multiple opportunistic infections. we analyzed 48 hiv-1 positive patients for the presence of intestinal pathogenic protozoa. patients with cd4 > or = 200/mm3 showed a higher prevalence of a single pathogenic protozoa than patients with cd4 < or =200/mm3, who showed the presence of multiple protozoal infections. patients who proved positive for only a single protozoa, cryptosporidium or blas ...	1999	10632386
[the colonization resistance of the mucous membrane of the large intestine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in a period of exacerbation].	specific and quantitative compositions of the colon mucous microflora in 36 patients with rheumatic arthritis (ra) in the remission period were studied. the mucous membrane of healthy people is colonized by bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, bacteroides, escherichia and enterococci. the mucous membrane in such people is mainly colonized by aerobic opportunistic conventionally pathogenic enterobacteria (enteropathogenic escherichia, citrobacter [correction of cytobacter], enterobacter, klebsiella, etc ...	1999	10643276
predictive value of urinary cultures in assessment of microbial colonization of ureteral stents.	bacterial colonization of indwelling ureteral stents may serve as a nidus for bacteriuria in operations where stents are manipulated. the predictive value of urine cultures in the assessment of stent colonization was examined in 65 patients with indwelling ureteral stents.	1999	10646680
decreased production of ampc-type beta-lactamases associated with the development of resistance to quinolones in citrobacter freundii strains.	the effect of fluoroquinolones in citrobacter freundii strains that results in a decreased expression of cephalosporin-hydrolysing beta-lactamases was studied. resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins and penicillins in two c. freundii clinical isolates was associated with moderate production of chromosomal ampc-type-beta-lactamase in addition to changes in the outer membrane proteins profile with respect to wild-type c. freundii strains. ten quinolone-resistant mutants were derived from the ...	1999	10647079
evaluation of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of cefepime compared to other broad-spectrum beta-lactams tested against recent clinical isolates from 10 chinese hospitals. chinese antimicrobial resistance study group.	a surveillance study was initiated in china in 1998 in which 10 medical centers participated. the susceptibility profiles of 996 commonly occurring pathogens belonging to 10 different species groups were tested by the etest (ab biodisk, solna, sweden) against six broad-spectrum beta-lactam antimicrobial agents (cefepime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, cefoperazone/sulbactam and piperacillin or oxacillin). quality control was closely monitored and cefepime- and/or imipenem-resistant enteroba ...	1999	10579094
multicenter evaluation of the antimicrobial activity for six broad-spectrum beta-lactams in venezuela: comparison of data from 1997 and 1998 using the etest method. venezuelan antimicrobial resistance study group.	the minimum inhibitory concentrations of six broad-spectrum beta-lactam antimicrobial agents were determined in 1998 by use of the etest versus a total of 502 bacteria in seven venezuelan hospital laboratories. these data were compared with results of a similar study performed in 1997. the organisms tested included 309 recent clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae, 70 pseudomonas aeruginosa, 54 acinetobacter species, and 69 oxacillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus. extended spectrum beta-lac ...	1999	10579096
activities of a nitrofurazone-containing urinary catheter and a silver hydrogel catheter against multidrug-resistant bacteria characteristic of catheter-associated urinary tract infection.	the in vitro inhibitory activity of a nitrofurazone-coated urinary catheter (nfc) against 86 recently obtained susceptible and multidrug-resistant (mdr) clinical isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii, staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and enterococcus faecium, which are species implicated in catheter-associated urinary tract infection and which traditionally have been susceptible to nitrofuran derivatives, was determined using an agar di ...	1999	10582894
concurrent outbreaks of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms of the family enterobacteriaceae in a warsaw hospital.	the increasing use of broader-spectrum cephalosporins in the first half of the 1990s has become one of the major factors responsible for the high rate of selection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing microorganisms in polish hospitals. thirty-five isolates of seven different species of the family enterobacteriaceae were identified as esbl producers, over a 4 month period, in one of warsaw's hospitals between the end of 1996 and the beginning of 1997. sixteen per cent of all kleb ...	1999	10588311
analysis of the mechanisms of quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii.	the presence of gyra, gyrb and/or parc mutations, quinolone uptake, outer membrane protein profiles and epidemiological relationship were studied in 12 clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii. no alterations were observed in the gyrb gene of any of the strains, or gyra or parc of the four quinolone-susceptible strains (nalidixic acid mic of 2-4 mg/l, and a ciprofloxacin mic of 0.006-0.06 mg/l). the quinolone-resistant strains were classified into two groups: one group (group a) composed of str ...	1999	10590274
gram-negative bacillary meningitis in adult post-neurosurgical patients.	to assess the clinical features and therapeutic outcomes of gram-negative bacillary meningitis (gnbm) in adult postneurosurgical patients.	1999	10595761
comparison of five beta-lactam antibiotics against common nosocomial pathogens using the time above mic at different creatinine clearances.	to compare the time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (t>mic) for five parenteral beta-lactam antibiotics against common nosocomial bacterial pathogens at different creatinine clearances (clcr).	1999	10600088
increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens causing acute uncomplicated cystitis in women.	guidelines for the management of acute uncomplicated cystitis in women that recommend empirical therapy in properly selected patients rely on the predictability of the agents causing cystitis and knowledge of their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.	1999	10052444
the role of citrobacter in clinical disease of children: review.	various species of citrobacter may cause infections in neonates and immunocompromised hosts. citrobacter koseri (formerly citrobacter diversus) is best known as the cause of sepsis and meningitis leading to central nervous system (cns) abscesses in neonates and young infants. early onset and late-onset infections occur as for other neonatal bacterial infections. the majority of cases are sporadic, with no clear source of infection. a few have been confirmed to be vertically transmitted, and noso ...	1999	10064257
cloning, sequence analyses, expression, and distribution of ampc-ampr from morganella morganii clinical isolates.	shotgun cloning experiments with restriction enzyme-digested genomic dna from morganella morganii 1, which expresses high levels of cephalosporinase, into the pbkcmv cloning vector gave a recombinant plasmid, ppon-1, which encoded four entire genes: ampc, ampr, an hybf family gene, and orf-1 of unknown function. the deduced ampc beta-lactamase of pi 7.6 shared structural and functional homologies with ampc from citrobacter freundii, escherichia coli, yersinia enterocolitica, enterobacter cloacae ...	1999	10103179
multiple conformations of the acylenzyme formed in the hydrolysis of methicillin by citrobacter freundii beta-lactamase: a time-resolved ftir spectroscopic study.	time-resolved infrared difference spectroscopy has been used to show that the carbonyl group of the acylenzyme reaction intermediate in the citrobacter freundii beta-lactamase-catalyzed hydrolysis of methicillin can assume at least four conformations. a single-turnover experiment shows that all four conformations decline during deacylation with essentially the same rate constant. the conformers are thus in exchange on the reaction time scale, assuming that deacylation takes place only from the c ...	1999	10194295
biosorption of lead, cadmium, and zinc by citrobacter strain mcm b-181: characterization studies.	the biosorption process for removal of lead, cadmium, and zinc by citrobacter strain mcm b-181, a laboratory isolate, was characterized. effects of environmental factors and growth conditions on metal uptake capacity were studied. pretreatment of biomass with chemical agents increased cadmium sorption efficiency; however, there was no significant enhancement in lead and zinc sorption capacity. metal sorption by citrobacter strain mcm b-181 was found to be influenced by the ph of the solution, in ...	1999	10194398
use of pyrrolidonyl peptidase to distinguish citrobacter from salmonella.	in the routine testing of foods for salmonella, citrobacter and other members of the enterobacteriaceae often produce colonies which are almost indistinguishable from salmonella on commonly used selective agars. biochemical confirmation of such colonies can be expensive and time-consuming. it has been suggested that the enzyme pyrrolidonyl peptidase (pyrase) could be used as a rapid test to distinguish citrobacter colonies (pyrase-positive) from salmonella (pyrase-negative). pure cultures of sal ...	1999	10196763
in vitro evaluation of g1: a novel antimicrobial compound.	g1 (1-[5-bromofur-2-il]-2-bromo-2-nitroethene) is a novel antimicrobial compound developed in cuba with reported broadspectrum activity against gram-positive and -negative bacteria, yeasts and fungi. a compound of this nature may have considerable therapeutic potential. we tested the in vitro activity of this novel compound against 3595 organisms using microbroth dilution. the following are mic50, mic90 and range respectively for some of the microorganisms tested: e. coli 16, 16, 4 32; klebsiell ...	1999	10221421
the effects of plant phenolics, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid on arylamine n-acetyltransferase activities in human gastrointestinal microflora.	the possible effects of naturally occurring plant phenolics, caffeic acid (ca), chlorogenic acid (cga) and ferulic acid (fa) on arylamine n-acetyltransferase (nat) activities on human gastrointestinal microflora, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter aerogenes, citrobacter koseri and pseudomonas aeruginosa, were examined. the bacterial nat activities were determined by hplc measuring the acetylation of 2-aminofluorene (2-af). among all examined bacteria, p. aeruginosa exerted the ...	1999	10226534
bacteriocin release protein triggers dimerization of outer membrane phospholipase a in vivo.	bacteriocin release protein is known to activate outer membrane phospholipase a (ompla), which results in the release of colicin from escherichia coli. in vivo chemical cross-linking experiments revealed that the activation coincides with dimerization of ompla. permeabilization of the cell envelope and dimerization were characterized by a lag time of 2 h.	1999	10322034
citrobacter rodentium infection in mice elicits a mucosal th1 cytokine response and lesions similar to those in murine inflammatory bowel disease.	citrobacter rodentium is a classically noninvasive pathogen of mice that is similar to enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) in man. following oral infection of young mice, the organism colonizes the distal colon, and within 1 week the colonic mucosa doubles in thickness and there is massive epithelial cell hyperplasia. since t-cell responses in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) also cause epithelial hyperplasia, we have investigated the possibility that c. rodentium promotes s ...	1999	10338516
metabolism of l(-)-carnitine by enterobacteriaceae under aerobic conditions.	different enterobacteriaceae, such as escherichia coli, proteus vulgaris and proteus mirabilis, are able to convert l(-)-carnitine, via crotonobetaine, into gamma-butyrobetaine in the presence of carbon and nitrogen sources under aerobic conditions. intermediates of l(-)-carnitine metabolism (crotonobetaine, gamma-butyrobetaine) could be detected by thin-layer chromatography. in parallel, l(-)-carnitine dehydratase, carnitine racemasing system and crotonobetaine reductase activities were determi ...	1999	10339822