Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| identification of multiple sigma54-dependent transcriptional activators in vibrio cholerae. | in the pathogenic bacterium vibrio cholerae, the alternate sigma factor sigma54 is required for expression of multiple sets of genes, including an unidentified gene(s) necessary for enhanced colonization within the host. to identify sigma54-dependent transcriptional activators involved in colonization, pcr was performed with v. cholerae chromosomal dna and degenerate primers, revealing six novel and distinct coding sequences with homology to sigma54-dependent activators. one sequence had high ho ... | 1998 | 9748465 |
| typing and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of vibrio cholerae during six consecutive cholera seasons in north india. | a total of 10,427 diarrhoeal stool specimens were cultured for vibrio cholerae between 1992 and 1997. the isolation rates were 2%, 2.6%, 6.7%, 7.08%, 0.9% and 2.6% in the years from 1992 to 1997 respectively. till 1992, vibrio cholerae 01 ogawa was the predominant strain. in 1993, 81.3% of the isolates were of 0139 bengal strain and the rest were v. cholerae 01. from 1994 to 1997, v. cholerae 01 ogawa was the predominant strain and there were no isolation of 0139 strain. the predominant phage ty ... | 1998 | 9752752 |
| [an autochthonous infection by vibrio cholerae non-01 and non-0139]. | 1998 | 9754251 | |
| vibrio cholerae o1 strain tsi-4 produces the exopolysaccharide materials that determine colony morphology, stress resistance, and biofilm formation. | vibrio cholerae o1 strain tsi-4 (el tor, ogawa) can shift to a rugose colony morphology from its normal translucent colony morphology in response to nutrient starvation. we have investigated differences between the rugose and translucent forms of v. cholerae o1 strain tsi-4. electron microscopic examination of the rugose form of tsi-4 (tsi-4/r) revealed thick, electron-dense exopolysaccharide materials surrounding polycationic ferritin-stained cells, while the ferritin-stained material was absen ... | 1998 | 9758780 |
| acid-sensitive enteric pathogens are protected from killing under extremely acidic conditions of ph 2.5 when they are inoculated onto certain solid food sources. | gastric acidity is recognized as the first line of defense against food-borne pathogens, and the ability of pathogens to resist this ph corresponds to their oral infective dose (id). naturally occurring and genetically engineered acid-sensitive enteric pathogens were examined for their ability to survive under acidic conditions of ph 2.5 for 2 h at 37 degreesc when inoculated onto ground beef. each of the strains displayed significantly high survival rates under these normally lethal conditions. ... | 1998 | 9758814 |
| [implications of bacterial protein toxins in infectious and food-borne diseases]. | among the 315 protein toxins elicited by gram positive and gram negative bacteria so far characterized, about 50 toxins are currently considered as totally or partially, responsible of the pathological manifestations and/or lethality resulting from host infection or intoxication (contaminated food) by relevant toxinogenic bacteria. a certain number of criteria are required for the assessment of indisputable involvement of a toxin or an array of toxins (from the same bacteria) in infectious disea ... | 1998 | 9759385 |
| [isolation of vibrio cholerae o1 from aquatic environments and foods in pernambuco state, brazil]. | incidence of vibrio cholerae o1 was studied in 2,585 samples from different aquatic environments and 91 from foods in pernambuco state, northeastern brazil, from 1992 to 1994. a total of 193 (7.21%) samples of v. cholerae were isolated with a higher prevalence of the inaba serovar (183-94.8%) than the ogawa serotype (10-5.1%). all isolates were classified as biotype el tor, and resistance patterns to antibiotics showed that all strains were susceptible tetracycline. some 70 random samples of vib ... | 1998 | 9761599 |
| aetiology of cholera in tamil nadu: recent observations. | vibrio cholerae was isolated from 1008 of 3496 stool samples (28.8%) examined in tamil nadu state, india, between november 1992 and december 1995. during november and december 1992, 363 of the 370 isolates serotyped (98%) were v. cholerae o139 (bengal). the epidemic predominantly affected adults (91%; 597/656). both v. cholerae o1 and o139 serotypes were sometimes isolated in the same locality from different individuals. from january 1993 onwards, the rate of isolation of v. cholerae o139 declin ... | 1998 | 9764321 |
| dual infection with vibrio cholerae serogroups o1 and o139. | 1998 | 9764328 | |
| the escherichia coli relbe genes belong to a new toxin-antitoxin gene family. | toxin-antitoxin systems are defined as a group of plasmid- and chromosome-encoded loci that specify a cell toxin and a protein antitoxin. plasmid-encoded toxin-antitoxin systems stabilize their replicons by killing plasmid-free cells. here, we show that the relbe genes of escherichia coli k-12 have all the basic features previously connected with toxin-antitoxin systems: (i) rele encodes a cytotoxin lethal or inhibitory to host cells; (ii) relb encodes an antitoxin that prevents the lethal actio ... | 1998 | 9767574 |
| [cholera in a paris resident with no history of travel. a case report]. | cases of imported cholera are frequently observed, but cholera almost never occurs in subjects who have never travelled to an endemic area. in the last 30 years, 4 cases have been reported. we report an indigenous case diagnosed in paris in september 1996. | 1998 | 9768010 |
| the vibrio cholerae mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin is the receptor for a filamentous bacteriophage from v. cholerae o139. | we previously isolated from a 1994 isolate of vibrio cholerae o139 a filamentous lysogenic bacteriophage, choleraphage 493, which inhibits pre-o139 but not post-o139 el tor biotype v. cholerae strains in plaque assays. we investigated the role of the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (msha) type iv pilus as a receptor in phage 493 infection. spontaneous, tn5 insertion, and msha deletion mutants are resistant to 493 infection. susceptibility is restored by msha complementation of deletion mutants. ... | 1998 | 9596713 |
| an epimerase gene essential for capsule synthesis in vibrio vulnificus. | the extracellular capsule polysaccharide (cps) of vibrio vulnificus is a primary virulence factor which allows survival of the bacteria in the human host. to study the genes involved in expression of the capsule, we generated mutants that lost the ability to produce cps following the insertion of a minitransposon into the genome of an encapsulated, clinical strain of v. vulnificus. a genomic region, from one nonencapsulated mutant, containing the transposon and flanking v. vulnificus dna was clo ... | 1998 | 9596722 |
| extracellular release of antigenic proteins by helicobacter pylori. | screening a helicobacter pylori genomic library with antisera raised against h. pylori broth culture supernatant resulted in the identification of six antigens: urease, hspb, lpp20, dnak, msra, and a cysteine-rich 28-kda protein (designated hcpa). h. pylori antigens may be released into the extracellular space by multiple mechanisms, including specific secretion pathways, autolysis, and membrane vesicle formation. | 1998 | 9596777 |
| endogenous nitric oxide in mdck-i cells modulates the vibrio cholerae haemagglutinin/protease (ha/p)-mediated cytotoxicity. | previously, we have shown that the vibrio cholerae haemagglutinin/protease (ha/p) accounts for significant remaining toxicity of cvd110, an attenuated v. cholerae 01 el tor live oral vaccine-strain. the present report demonstrates that endogenous nitric oxide (no) production modulates ha/p-mediated cytotoxicity in madin-darby canine kidney cell strain i (mdck-i) epithelial cells. the basal levels of endogenous no suppressed the cytotoxicity of ha/p, whereas inhibition of no production with nitro ... | 1998 | 9600864 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity of vibrio cholerae 01 isolated from humans]. | antibiotic susceptibility of 1479 vibrio cholerae 01 strains isolated from humans between 1991 and 1995 was studied. the antibiotics used belonged to different chemical groups. the assay method was that of serial dilutions in solid media. the isolates showed high susceptibility to tetracyclines, gentamicin, erythromycin, rifampicin, ampicillin, carbenicillin and cefazolin. the susceptibility to kanamycin and monomycin was moderate and that to chloramphenicol, streptomycin and polymixin b was low ... | 1998 | 9606491 |
| immunogenicity and protective role of three formulations of oral cholera vaccine. | three formulations of oral cholera vaccine were compared with respect to their immunogenicity and protective ability in a rat ileal loop model. eight-week-old wistar rats were divided into five groups. the first group received orally vaccine a consisting of liposome-associated v. cholera lipopolysaccharide, fimbriae and procholeragenoid, whereas the rats of groups 2 and 3 received orally vaccines b and c consisting of heatkilled fimbriated and non-fimbriated whole cell v. cholerae, respectively. ... | 1998 | 9607031 |
| enteric infections in an endemic area induce a circulating antibody-secreting cell response with homing potentials to both mucosal and systemic tissues. | enteric infections induce a response of circulating pathogen-specific antibody-secreting cells (asc). the expression of homing receptors (hrs) on these cells was studied in patients with diarrhea caused by vibrio cholerae in bangladesh, an area in which cholera is endemic. the gut hr, alpha4beta7, was expressed by approximately 80% of the asc, indicating mucosal homing of these cells. however, the peripheral lymph node hr, l-selectin, was also expressed by approximately 80% of the asc specific t ... | 1998 | 9607838 |
| [vibriocidal and agglutinating antibodies in the urban population in the municipality of manacapuru/am (1992-1993)]. | a serological study was carried out involving 1,196 individuals residents in the urban area of manacapuru--amazonas, to evaluate the behavior of vibriocidal and agglutinating antibodies. a systematic random sampling procedure was employed to obtain the sample. a year later a 2nd sample of serum was obtained from 120 individuals selected among the participants of the survey. vibriocidal antibodies microtitulation and seroagglutination in tubes were employed. the correspondence between the studied ... | 1998 | 9608237 |
| recombination between rrna operons created most of the ribotype variation observed in the seventh pandemic clone of vibrio cholerae. | individual rrn operons and their flanking regions have been analysed in a study of the molecular basis of ribotype variation in the seventh pandemic clone of vibrio cholerae. the genome of an early isolate of the seventh pandemic clone had nine rrn operons of which two were in tandem with other rrn operons. the site for bgli, the most discriminatory enzyme used for ribotyping, was found to be present in the 16s sequence of three of the operons of the earliest isolate. this site was observed to b ... | 1998 | 9611796 |
| a single dose of live oral cholera vaccine cvd 103-hgr is safe and immunogenic in hiv-infected and hiv-noninfected adults in mali. | despite considerable experience with single-dose, live, oral cholera vaccine cvd 103-hgr in asia, europe, and the americas, the vaccine had not been evaluated in sub-saharan africa or on individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). we therefore conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over clinical trial in 38 hiv-seropositive (without clinical acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)) and 387 hiv-seronegative adults in mali to assess its safety and immun ... | 1998 | 9615498 |
| ctxphi immunity: application in the development of cholera vaccines. | ctxphi is a filamentous bacteriophage that encodes cholera toxin, the principal virulence factor of vibrio cholerae. ctxphi is unusual among filamentous phages because it encodes a repressor and forms lysogens. ctxphi can infect the existing live-attenuated v. cholerae vaccine strains derived from either the el tor or classical v. cholerae biotypes and result in vaccine reversion to toxinogenicity. intraintestinal ctxphi transduction assays were used to demonstrate that el tor biotype strains of ... | 1998 | 9618534 |
| incidence of non-01 vibrio cholerae and aeromonas spp. in fresh water in araraquara, brazil. | the occurrence of aeromonas spp., vibrio cholerae, and plesiomonas shigelloides in fresh water from various sources in araraquara, state of são paulo, brazil was determined. samples from ten distinct irrigation systems used in vegetable cultivation, from five distinct streams, from two reservoirs, from one artificial lake, and from three distinct springs were analyzed. all isolates were serotyped and tested for hemolysin, cytotoxin, heat-stable (st) and heat-labile (lt) enterotoxins production; ... | 1998 | 9625786 |
| distinct roles of an alternative sigma factor during both free-swimming and colonizing phases of the vibrio cholerae pathogenic cycle. | vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera, has a pathogenic cycle consisting of a free-swimming phase outside its host, and a sessile virulent phase when colonizing the human small intestine. we have cloned the v. cholerae homologue of the rpon gene (encoding sigma54) and determined its role in the cholera pathogenic cycle by constructing an rpon null mutant. the v. cholerae rpon mutant is non-motile; examination of this mutant by electron microscopy revealed that it lacks a flagellum. ... | 1998 | 9632254 |
| phase 1 evaluation of vibrio cholerae o1, serotype inaba, polysaccharide-cholera toxin conjugates in adult volunteers. | conjugate vaccines were prepared by binding hydrazine-treated lipopolysaccharide (dealps) from vibrio cholerae o1, serotype inaba, to cholera toxin (ct) variants ct-1 and ct-2. volunteers (n = 75) were injected with either 25 microg of dealps, alone or as a conjugate, or the licensed cellular vaccine containing 4 x 10(9) organisms each of serotypes inaba and ogawa per ml. no serious adverse reactions were observed. dealps alone did not elicit serum lps or vibriocidal antibodies in mice and only ... | 1998 | 9632571 |
| cloning and characterization of an outer membrane protein of vibrio vulnificus required for heme utilization: regulation of expression and determination of the gene sequence. | vibrio vulnificus is a halophilic, marine pathogen that has been associated with septicemia and serious wound infections in patients with iron overload and preexisting liver disease. for v. vulnificus, the ability to acquire iron from the host has been shown to correlate with virulence. v. vulnificus is able to use host iron sources such as hemoglobin and heme. we previously constructed a fur mutant of v. vulnificus which constitutively expresses at least two iron-regulated outer membrane protei ... | 1998 | 9632577 |
| role of intracellular second messengers and reactive oxygen species in the pathophysiology of v. cholera o139 treated rabbit ileum. | vibrio cholerae o139 has pandemic potential and it produces copious amounts of fluid secretion. the levels of various second messengers (intracellular ca2+, camp, ip3, pkc) were measured to determine the cause of fluid secretion produced by this strain of v. cholerae. there was a significant increase in the levels of these second messengers in v. cholerae o139 treated ileum as compared to control ileum (enterocytes). levels of these second messengers were also assessed in v. cholerae 569b induce ... | 1998 | 9639666 |
| macromolecular assembly and secretion across the bacterial cell envelope: type ii protein secretion systems. | a decade ago, pugsley and colleagues reported the existence of a large region of klebsiella dna, distinct from the klebsiella gene encoding pullulanase, which was necessary for secretion of this enzyme to the cell surface in escherichia coli (d'enfert et al., 1987a,b). the pul genes it contained proved to be the tip of an iceberg. the sequences reported before 1992 (d'enfert et al., 1987a,b; d'enfert & pugsley, 1989; pugsley & reyss, 1990; reyss & pugsley, 1990) included only one gene (puld) tha ... | 1998 | 9641973 |
| molecular epidemiology of reemergent vibrio cholerae o139 bengal in india. | we report the prevalence of the o139 serogroup in calcutta, india, after its reemergence in august 1996 and the spread of the reemerged clone to other parts of the country by using previously established molecular markers. phenotypically, the reemerged vibrio cholerae o139 displayed a difference compared to those that appeared in late 1992 and 1993 in that the current o139 strains are sensitive to co-trimoxazole. ribotyping with the enzyme bgli produced two rrna restriction patterns in the o139 ... | 1998 | 9650989 |
| structure of the o-antigen of vibrio cholerae o155 that shares a putative d-galactose 4,6-cyclophosphate-associated epitope with v. cholerae o139 bengal. | the o-specific polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae 0155 was studied by sugar and methylation analyses, dephosphorylation with 48% hydrofluoric acid, 1h- and 13c-nmr spectroscopy, including two-dimensional cosy, tocsy, noesy, and heteronuclear single-quantum coherence (hsqc) experiments. the following structure of the pentasaccharide repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established: carbohydrate sequence [see text]. an unusual component, d-galactose 4,6-cyclophosphate, has been reported previou ... | 1998 | 9652394 |
| bactericidal activity of lys49 and asp49 myotoxic phospholipases a2 from bothrops asper snake venom--synthetic lys49 myotoxin ii-(115-129)-peptide identifies its bactericidal region. | mammalian group-ii phospholipases a2 (pla2) of inflammatory fluids display bactericidal properties, which are dependent on their enzymatic activity. this study shows that myotoxins ii (lys49) and iii (asp49), two group-ii pla2 isoforms from the venom of bothrops asper, are lethal to a broad spectrum of bacteria. since the catalytically inactive lys49 myotoxin ii isoform has similar bactericidal effects to its catalytically active asp49 counterpart, a bactericidal mechanism that is independent of ... | 1998 | 9654096 |
| [a study on chemical and immunochemical properties and chemotaxonomy of lipopolysaccharides of vibrionaceae, in particular vibrio cholerae and v. parahaemolyticus]. | 1998 | 9654940 | |
| identification of a regulatory protein required for pressure-responsive gene expression in the deep-sea bacterium photobacterium species strain ss9. | here, we report the characterization of a gene necessary for hydrostatic pressure regulation of gene expression in the deep-sea bacterium photobacterium species strain ss9. the deduced amino acid sequence of the gene product shares extensive similarity to toxr, a transmembrane dna-binding protein first discovered as a virulence determinant in the pathogenic bacterium vibrio cholerae. changes in hydrostatic pressure induce changes in both the abundance and the activity of the ss9 toxr protein (or ... | 1998 | 9535087 |
| serological reactivity of humans to a vibrio cholerae common antigen. | over the course of seven pandemics, vibrio cholerae serotypes have varied. in 1992 the appearance of a new serotype, o139 bengal, began the eighth cholera pandemic. several new o139 antigens have been identified, yet a common v. cholerae antigen has not been described. in this study, a monoclonal antibody specific against an 18.7-kda outer membrane antigen reacted in dotblot analysis with 292 epidemiologically diverse v. cholerae isolates including o1, non-o1, and o139 serotypes. serum collected ... | 1998 | 9537749 |
| cellular microbiology: how enteric pathogens socialize with their intestinal host. | 1998 | 9586763 | |
| [a case of cholerae o-139]. | 1998 | 9656715 | |
| prevalence of vibrio cholerae o(1) infection in manacapuru, amazonas state, brazil (1992) | this study focused on the prevalence of v. cholerae o(1) infection in 1,196 individuals living in manacapuru, amazonas state, through microtitering of vibriocidal antibody and somatic agglutination test. the role of living conditions and individual characteristics as possible risk factors for infection was also assessed. vibriocidal titers >/= 1: 40 and/or agglutinating titers >/= 1: 80 were considered indicators of v. cholerae o(1) infection. infection prevalence was 25.7%. there was no signifi ... | 1998 | 9658217 |
| intestinal colonization of the infant mouse model by attenuated and virulent vibrio cholerae strains. | intestinal colonization of humans with virulent vibrio cholerae stimulates substantial, lasting immunity against reinfection. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the colonizing capability of various vibrio cholerae strains which are promising candidates to oral vaccine. | 1998 | 9775456 |
| [characterization of aldehyde dehydrogenase gene fragment from mung bean vigna radiata using the polymerase chain reaction]. | two degenerate oligonucleotide sequence primers and polymerase chain reactions on total dna have been utilized to clone on 651--bp gene fragment coding the central part of amino acid sequence of an earlier unknown aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) from mung bean. the deduced partial amino acid sequence for this aldehyde dehydrogenase shows about 65% sequence identity to aldhs of vibrio cholerae rhodococcus sp., alcaligenes eutrophus and about 45% sequence identity to mammalian aldhs 1 and 2, aldhs o ... | 1998 | 9778740 |
| identification of the vibrio cholerae type 4 prepilin peptidase required for cholera toxin secretion and pilus formation. | cholera toxin secretion is dependent upon the extracellular protein secretion apparatus encoded by the eps gene locus of vibrio cholerae. although the eps gene locus encodes several type four prepilin-like proteins, the peptidase responsible for processing these proteins has not been identified. this report describes the identification of a prepilin peptidase from the v. cholerae genomic database by virtue of its homology with the pild prepilin peptidase of pseudomonas aeruginosa. plasmid disrup ... | 1998 | 9781884 |
| vibrio cholerae iron transport: haem transport genes are linked to one of two sets of tonb, exbb, exbd genes. | vibrio cholerae was found to have two sets of genes encoding tonb, exbb and exbd proteins. the first set (tonb1, exbb1, exbd1) was obtained by complementation of a v. cholerae tonb mutant. in the mutant, a plasmid containing these genes permitted transport via the known v. cholerae high-affinity iron transport systems, including uptake of haem, vibriobactin and ferrichrome. when chromosomal mutations in exbb1 or exbd1 were introduced into a wild-type v. cholerae background, no defect in iron tra ... | 1998 | 9781885 |
| [a monoclonal antibody-based study of the antigenic interrelations of typical and r forms of vibrio cholerae]. | monoclonal antibodies to surface determinants of v. cholerae r forms (r-mca) were obtained. r-mca and monoclonal antibodies to lipopolysaccharide (lps) of v. cholerae s forms (s-mca) were used to show that the lps of deeply altered vibrios, agglutinating only with ro serum, completely lost its o-side chain. some common o determinants on the basis of s-mca were detected in typical cultures of v. cholerae o1 and ro vibrios which agglutinated to 1/4 t with o serum and, in low titers, with ro serum. ... | 1998 | 9783389 |
| [the prospects for improving chemical cholera vaccines]. | 1998 | 9783412 | |
| identification of the perosamine synthetase gene of brucella melitensis 16m and involvement of lipopolysaccharide o side chain in brucella survival in mice and in macrophages. | brucella organisms are facultative intracellular bacteria that may infect many species of animals as well as humans. the smooth lipopolysaccharide (s-lps) has been reported to be an important virulence factor of these organisms, but the genetic basis of expression of the s-lps o antigen has not yet been described. likewise, the role of the o side chain of s-lps in the survival of brucella has not been clearly defined. a mini-tn5 transposon mutant library of brucella melitensis 16m was screened b ... | 1998 | 9784561 |
| characterization of the phytopathogen pseudomonas syringae pathovar ribicola ncppb 963. | in 1939, a bacterial spot caused severe defoliation of ribes aureum (golden currant) the causal agent is now recognized as pseudomonas syringae pathovar ribicola. this communication extends the phenotype of the only identified strain of p. syringae pv. ribicola, which is reminiscent of those of other pathovars, and provides a molecular biological characterization. a minimum size of 5.55 mb for the bacterial genome was obtained using pulsed-field electrophoresis. the sds-page outer-membrane profi ... | 1998 | 9785483 |
| molecular basis of vaccination. | vaccines represent the most cost-effective means to prevent infectious diseases. most of the vaccines which are currently available were developed long before the era of molecular biology and biotechnology. they were obtained following empirical approaches leading to the inactivation or to the attenuation of microorganisms, without any knowledge neither of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of the disease they were expected to protect from, nor of the immune responses elicited by the infectious agen ... | 1998 | 9789264 |
| endochitinase is transported to the extracellular milieu by the eps-encoded general secretory pathway of vibrio cholerae. | the chia gene of vibrio cholerae encodes a polypeptide which degrades chitin, a homopolymer of n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) found in cell walls of fungi and in the integuments of insects and crustaceans. chia has a coding capacity corresponding to a polypeptide of 846 amino acids having a predicted molecular mass of 88.7 kda. a 52-bp region with promoter activity was found immediately upstream of the chia open reading frame. insertional inactivation of the chromosomal copy of the gene confirmed ... | 1998 | 9791107 |
| regional differences in the effect of cholera toxin and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli infection on electrolyte and fluid transport in the porcine small intestine. | the regional differences in secretory and absorptive responses to cholera toxin (ct) and to infection by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), producing heat-stable enterotoxins, were studied in the porcine small intestine. proximal, mid and distal small intestine from newly weaned piglets were used. na+ and cl- fluxes and electrical parameters in ct-stimulated and etec-infected intestine were measured by the ussing chamber technique. in addition, ct-induced fluid accumulation in ligated loop ... | 1998 | 9793468 |
| more on the structure of vibrio cholerae o22 lipopolysaccharide. | the structure of a short-chain lipopolysaccharide (lps) of vibrio cholerae o22 strain 169-68, that cross-reacts with v. cholerae o139 bengal, was elucidated. the structure differs in detail from that reported on another strain of o22 [a.d. cox, j-r. brisson, p. thibault and m.b. perry, carbohydr. res., 304 (1997) 191-208]. the similarity and difference between the lps structures of the two strains as well as between o22 and o139 are discussed. | 1998 | 9794075 |
| d d cunningham and the aetiology of cholera in british india, 1869-1897. | 1998 | 9796575 | |
| infections due to non-o1 vibrio cholerae in southern taiwan: predominance in cirrhotic patients. | although taiwan is not an area where cholera is endemic, from october 1988 to october 1997 30 episodes of non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae infection were noted at the national cheng kung university hospital in taiwan. infections generally occurred in hot seasons, and two episodes were concomitant with vibrio vulnificus infection. three major clinical presentations were found: bacteremia with concurrent spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or invasive soft-tissue infections that occurred solely in c ... | 1998 | 9798033 |
| survival of vibrio cholerae 01 strains in shrimp subjected to freezing and boiling. | this research was undertaken to assess the resistance of vibrio cholerae 01 strains inoculated into white shrimp, penaeus schimitti, to heating and freezing treatments. shrimp samples with and without carapace were obtained from sao luis, brazil. microbial analysis revealed the presence of marine vibrios including vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and other vibrios and aerobic gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria that grew on selective medium, thiosulfate-citrate-bile salt-sucro ... | 1998 | 9798148 |
| a lime in a litre rapidly kills toxogenic vibrio cholerae o1. | 1998 | 9803858 | |
| patient compliance in the use of vivotif berna(r) vaccine, typhoid vaccine, live oral ty21a. | several live attenuated vaccines against bacterial enteric pathogens have recently been licensed. these include the salmonella typhi ty21a typhoid vaccine (vivotif berna(r) vaccine) and vibrio cholerae cvd103-hgr cholera vaccine (mutacol berna(r) vaccine). they comprise a unique class of biologics in which patient compliance is required for their optimal use. this is of particular importance in the case of the ty21a vaccine strain of which multiple doses are required. furthermore, exposure to he ... | 1998 | 9772310 |
| a rivalry of foulness: official and unofficial investigations of the london cholera epidemic of 1854. | contemporaneous with john snow's famous study of the 1854 london cholera epidemic were 2 other investigations: a local study of the broad street outbreak and an investigation of the entire epidemic, undertaken by england's general board of health. more than a quarter-century prior to koch's description of vibrio comma, a board of health investigator saw microscopic "vibriones" in the rice-water stools of cholera patients that, in his later life, he concluded had been cholera bacilli. although th ... | 1998 | 9772861 |
| endemic cholera in delhi, 1995: analysis of data from a sentinel centre. | data on cholera cases admitted to the delhi infectious diseases hospital (idh) are presented to describe the pattern of occurrence of cholera in delhi in 1995. rectal swabs from 4082 cases of acute diarrhoea admitted to the idh were examined for excretion of vibrio cholerae. of them, 2004(49%) and 4(0.1%) were positive for v. cholerae o1 biotype el tor and v. cholerae o139 respectively. most cholera cases occurred during may-september (summer and monsoon months). the period from january to march ... | 1998 | 9805411 |
| entamoeba histolytica: identification of functional gs and gi proteins as possible signal transduction elements in the interaction of trophozoites with fibronectin. | trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica adhere to several components of the extracellular matrix. binding is mediated by specific receptors identified in the parasite surface. interaction of trophozoites with fn induces the formation of special adhesion structures that are dynamic cytoskeleton membrane complexes and facilitate both adhesion and substrate degradation. the process requires activation of signaling pathways in which plc, ip3, ca2-, and pkc participate. these observations, and recent e ... | 1998 | 9806871 |
| cholera--the new epidemic? | 1998 | 9807185 | |
| [acute gastroenteritis by vibrio cholerae no 01]. | 1998 | 9808890 | |
| aetiological, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of a seasonal peak of diarrhoea in dhaka, bangladesh. | during the spring peak of diarrhoea in bangladesh, 113 consecutive patients who represented a systematic 4% sample of all patients attending an urban diarrhoea treatment facility between 18 and 23 april 1995 were studied. the study was conducted to characterize enteric pathogens associated with the spring peak of the diarrhoea outbreak in bangladesh and to describe clinical and epidemiological features of the patients. the spring peak is traditionally thought to be mostly due to v. cholerae o1. ... | 1998 | 9817521 |
| rapid diagnosis of cholera caused by vibrio cholerae o139. | hybridomas secreting specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to vibrio cholerae serogroup o139 were produced. six monoclones (hybridomas) secreting mabs specific only to lipopolysaccharide of v. cholerae o139 strains and which did not cross-react to 137 strains of other enteric microorganisms were obtained. these clones were designated 12f5-g11, 12f5-g2, 15f5-h5, 5b9-f8, 14c9-d2, and 6d2-d8. the immunoglobulin (ig) heavy chain isotypes secreted by these clones were igg2b, igg2b, igg2b, igm, igg2b, ... | 1998 | 9817879 |
| morphological and physical characterization of the capsular layer of vibrio cholerae o139. | the morphological and physical characteristics of the capsule of vibrio cholerae o139 were examined. an electron microscopic study using the freeze-substitution technique showed that all of the v. cholerae strains of the o139 serogroup examined have a very thin fibrous layer on the outside of the outer membrane. in contrast, the mutants of strain o139, strain mo10t4 (which lacks capsule synthesis), and strain bengal-2r1 (which fails to synthesize both the capsule and the o-antigen of lipopolysac ... | 1998 | 9818353 |
| [experimental study of mixed infection by vibrio cholerae and salmonella typhi]. | mixed infection caused by v.cholerae and s.typhi was studied on guinea pig gall-bladder, used as an experimental model. these microorganisms coexisted in association in animals and exhibited no pronounced antagonistic properties in vitro. the cultures isolated from the organs of infected guinea pigs did not differ from initial ones. the study revealed that in nutrient broth containing 50% of dried bile salmonellae were preserved, but not v.cholerae. the latter could co-exist with s.typhi in 1% b ... | 1998 | 9825490 |
| [immunoenzyme test-system for the detection of vibrio cholerae 0139]. | on the basis of antibodies to the lipopolysaccharide (lps) and capsular antigen of v.cholerae o139 two variants of the enzyme immunoassay (eia) system permitting the detection of the infective agent at a concentration of 1 x 10(6) microbial cells/ml were developed. antibodies to v.cholerae o139 k-antigen and lps were found to be highly active and specifically reacted only with homologous antigens without additional adsorption. both variants of the eia system, developed on the basis of antibodies ... | 1998 | 9825508 |
| rapid spread of the new clone of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor in cholera endemic areas in india. | using molecular techniques, we investigated whether the clone of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor which appeared in calcutta, india, in 1994 has spread to other cholera endemic areas in the country. the ribotype of 31 of the 33 strains isolated from different parts of india during 1996 and 1997 was identical to the ribotype displayed by the new clone of v. cholerae o1 which emerged in calcutta in 1994. likewise, 12 of the 15 strains examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) showed ide ... | 1998 | 9825773 |
| changes in vibrio cholerae o1 strains isolated in romania during 1977-95. | six hundred and twenty-four vibrio cholerae o1 strains, 623 serotype ogawa and one serotype inaba, isolated in romania between 1977-95 were tested to detect all changing traits concerning serogroup, serotype, biotype, phage type and resistotype patterns and subsequently, the possible epidemiological relationship among these strains. biotyping revealed one classical, 580 eltor strains and 43 intermediary variants. when tested with mukerjee phages, 546 (87%) strains were sensitive and 78 (13%) res ... | 1998 | 9825774 |
| phenotypic and molecular characterization of vibrio cholerae o1 isolated in samutsakorn, thailand before, during and after the emergence of v. cholerae o139. | seventy clinical strains of vibrio cholerae o1 isolated from 1982-96 in samutsakorn, a port city 30 km southwest of bangkok where cholera occurs at low levels with regular seasonality, were characterized to investigate if there were any differences among the o1 strains isolated before, during and after the 0139 epidemic. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) typing, ribotyping and southern blot hybridization with a cholera toxin probe (ct genotyping) demonstrated several genotypes among o1 str ... | 1998 | 9825775 |
| analysis of clinical and environmental strains of nontoxigenic vibrio cholerae for susceptibility to ctxphi: molecular basis for origination of new strains with epidemic potential. | toxigenic vibrio cholerae strains are lysogens of ctxphi, a filamentous phage which encodes cholera toxin. the receptor for ctxphi for invading v. cholerae cells is the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp), the genes for which reside in a larger genetic element, the tcp pathogenicity island. we analyzed 146 ctx-negative strains of v. cholerae o1 or non-o1 isolated from patients or surface waters in five different countries for the presence of the tcp pathogenicity island, the regulatory gene toxr, and ... | 1998 | 9826360 |
| modulation of expression of the toxr regulon in vibrio cholerae by a member of the two-component family of response regulators. | the toxrs system in vibrio cholerae plays a central role in the modulation of virulence gene expression in response to environmental stimuli. an integration of multiple signalling inputs mediated by toxr, -s, and -t controls virulence gene expression leading to cholera toxin (ct) production. recently, we identified a new virulence locus, vara (virulence associated regulator), in classical v. cholerae o1 that positively controls transcription of tcpa, the major subunit of the toxin-coregulated pi ... | 1998 | 9826365 |
| the vibrio cholerae genome contains two unique circular chromosomes. | vibrio cholerae, the etiologic agent of the diarrheal disease cholera, is a gram-negative bacterium that belongs to the gamma subdivision of the family proteobacteriaceae. the physical map of the genome has been reported, and the genome has been described as a single 3.2-mb chromosome [majumder, r., et al. (1996) j. bacteriol. 178, 1105-1112]. by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic dna immobilized in agarose plugs and digested with the restriction enzymes i-ceui, sfii, and noti, we ... | 1998 | 9826723 |
| the survival strategy of vibrio cholerae. | 1998 | 9828704 | |
| structural and functional characterization of is1358 from vibrio cholerae. | the new epidemic serovar o139 of vibrio cholerae has emerged from the pandemic serovar o1 biotype el tor through the replacement of a 22-kbp dna region by a 40-kbp o139-specific dna fragment. this o139-specific dna fragment contains an insertion sequence that was described previously (u. h. stroeher, k. e. jedani, b. k. dredge, r. morona, m. h. brown, l. e. karageorgos, j. m. albert, and p. a. manning, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 92:10374-10378, 1995) and designated is1358o139. we studied the dis ... | 1998 | 9829917 |
| a family of stability determinants in pathogenic bacteria. | a novel segregational stability system was identified on plasmid r485, which originates from morganella morganii. the system is composed of two overlapping genes, stbd and stbe, which potentially encode proteins of 83 and 93 amino acids, respectively. homologs of the stbde genes were identified on the enterotoxigenic plasmid p307 from escherichia coli and on the chromosomes of vibrio cholerae and haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius. the former two homologs also promote plasmid stability in ... | 1998 | 9829958 |
| evolutionary control of infectious disease: prospects for vectorborne and waterborne pathogens. | evolutionary theory may contribute to practical solutions for control of disease by identifying interventions that may cause pathogens to evolve to reduced virulence. theory predicts, for example, that pathogens transmitted by water or arthropod vectors should evolve to relatively high levels of virulence because such pathogens can gain the evolutionary benefits of relatively high levels of host exploitation while paying little price from host illness. the entrance of vibrio cholerae into south ... | 1998 | 9830519 |
| molecular basis of ribotype variation in the seventh pandemic clone and its o139 variant of vibrio cholerae. | ribotyping has been widely used to characterise the seventh pandemic clone including south american and o139 variants which appeared in 1991 and 1992 respectively. to reveal the molecular basis of ribotype variation we analysed the rrn operons and their flanking regions. all but one variation detected by bgli, the most discriminatory enzyme, was found to be due to changes within the rrn operons, resulting from recombination between operons. the recombinants are detected because of the presence o ... | 1998 | 9830524 |
| the amazonia variant of vibrio cholerae: molecular identification and study of virulence genes. | the pathogenic o1 amazonia variant of vibrio cholerae has been shown previously to have a cytotoxin acting on cultured vero and y-1 cells, and to lack important virulence factors such as the cholera toxin (coelho et al. 1995a). this study extends the molecular analysis of the amazonia strains, detecting the presence of the toxr gene, with a very similar sequence to that of the e1 tor and classical biotypes. the outer membrane proteins are analyzed, detecting a variation among the group of amazon ... | 1998 | 9830525 |
| membrane carbohydrate conjugates desialylation does not alter [3h]-dopamine uptake in rat striatal slices. | incubation of rat striatal slices induced a large decrease (about 50%) of da uptake and a slight desialylation of polysialogangliosides (gt1b, gd1b, gd1a) with an increase of monosialogangliosides (gm1). moreover, a pretreatment of slices by exogenous added neuraminidase of vibrio cholerae did not modify da uptake, although the pattern of gangliosides was modified and there was considerable loss (about 45%) of sialic acid in gangliosides and glycoproteins. it was verified that neuraminidase acti ... | 1998 | 9832192 |
| effect of canavanine from alfalfa seeds on the population biology of bacillus cereus | bacillus cereus uw85 suppresses diseases of alfalfa seedlings, although alfalfa seed exudate inhibits the growth of uw85 in culture (j. l. milner, s. j. raffel, b. j. lethbridge, and j. handelsman, appl. microbiol. biotechnol. 43:685-691, 1995). in this study, we determined the chemical basis for and biological role of the inhibitory activity. all of the alfalfa germ plasm tested included seeds that released inhibitory material. we purified the inhibitory material from one alfalfa cultivar and i ... | 1998 | 9835549 |
| epidemiology, genetics, and ecology of toxigenic vibrio cholerae. | cholera caused by toxigenic vibrio cholerae is a major public health problem confronting developing countries, where outbreaks occur in a regular seasonal pattern and are particularly associated with poverty and poor sanitation. the disease is characterized by a devastating watery diarrhea which leads to rapid dehydration, and death occurs in 50 to 70% of untreated patients. cholera is a waterborne disease, and the importance of water ecology is suggested by the close association of v. cholerae ... | 1998 | 9841673 |
| vibrio cholerae non-o1 on blood culture, saskatchewan. | 1998 | 9844253 | |
| james carroll: a biography. | james carroll was born in england in 1854; at the age of 15, he emigrated to canada where he worked at various odd jobs. at age 20, he crossed the border and volunteered for the us army, in which he remained for the rest of his life. appointed as hospital steward, he became interested in medicine. he was permitted to take basic courses at st paul university and later at bellevue hospital in new york. he received his md degree in 1891 from the university of maryland while still a sergeant. he the ... | 1998 | 9845758 |
| cholera toxin differentially regulates nitric oxide synthesis, tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and respiratory burst in murine macrophages. | the aim of this study was to determine if cholera toxin can modulate the expression of several macrophage effector functions. the effect of cholera toxin on the induction of no synthesis, production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and induction of respiratory burst was examined in the j774.a2 macrophage cell line. pre-incubation of cell cultures with cholera toxin significantly down-regulated lipopolysaccharide-induced no synthesis and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced respiratory burst. co ... | 1998 | 9848679 |
| a randomized clinical trial to compare the efficacy of erythromycin, ampicillin and tetracycline for the treatment of cholera in children. | to compare the clinical outcome of treatment of cholera in children with ampicillin, erythromycin or tetracycline, a double-'blind' randomized four-cell trial was carried out in bangladesh. ampicillin was chosen as additional therapy for acute respiratory tract infection, present in many subjects with diarrhoea. one hundred and eighty-four children aged 1-5 years who were not wasted, with diarrhoea of duration < 48 h, signs of some or severe dehydration, dark-field stool microscopy demonstrating ... | 1998 | 9850410 |
| competence for natural transformation in neisseria gonorrhoeae: a model system for studies of horizontal gene transfer. | a combined effort integrating studies of gonococcal tfp biogenesis, the data made available from the gonococcal genome sequence project and applied molecular genetics have been used to identify the fibrillar filaments themselves, the pilt protein and the comp protein as essential components for the dna uptake phase of competence for natural transformation. our ongoing studies are focused on identifying and understanding the complex interactions which exist between these essential constituents. t ... | 1998 | 9850683 |
| genetic organization of the regions associated with surface polysaccharide synthesis in vibrio cholerae o1, o139 and vibrio anguillarum o1 and o2: a review. | vibrio cholerae and v. anguillarum are recognized as aquatic-borne human and fish pathogens, respectively. based upon analyses of several genes and the presence of novel genetic elements it seems that these two species are very closely related. studies in this laboratory have identified an association of is1358 with rfb and capsule loci in these two species. the most recent findings suggest that is1358 is associated with the rfb region in v. cholerae o1 and o139 and in v. anguillarum o1 and o2. ... | 1998 | 9858748 |
| studies towards neoglycoconjugates from the monosaccharide determinant of vibrio cholerae o:1, serotype ogawa using the diethyl squarate reagent. | the effect of reaction time, concentration and molar excess of hapten upon the efficiency of the conjugation of carbohydrates to proteins using the diethyl squarate reagent has been studied using chicken serum albumin (csa) as the carrier protein and a linker-equipped d-glucose derivative as the hapten. a high degree of incorporation of the latter into csa was achieved with high efficiency, and the use of a large excess of the ligand was not necessary. conjugation of the immunodominant monosacch ... | 1998 | 9861698 |
| global microbial ecology: biogeography and diversity of vibrios as a model. | an environmental source of cholera was hypothesized as early as the late nineteenth century by robert koch, but not proven because of the ability of vibrio cholera, the causative agent of cholera, to enter a dormant phase between epidemics. standard bacteriological procedures for isolation of the vibrios from the environmental samples, including water, between epidemics generally were unsuccessful. vibrio cholera, a marine vibrio requiring salt for growth, enters into a dormant 'viable but non-c ... | 1998 | 21182702 |
| fetal heart rate during a maternal grand mal epileptic seizure. | although maternal ingestion of antiepileptic drugs is strongly suspected of causing congenital defects, particularly oral clefts, the effect of epilepsy itself or a combined effect of drug intake and epilepsy have not been excluded as etiological factors. very little is known about fetal oxygenation during a maternal grand mal epileptic seizure. we describe two cases in which fetal heart rate was recorded during a maternal epileptic seizure during labor. the first fetus became clearly asphyctic ... | 1998 | 106102 |
| genetic identification of dominant overproducing mutations: the beadex gene. | a model system for the identification of presumptive overproducing mutations from among visible dominant mutations in d. melanogaster is described. an overproducing mutation is expected if a dominant mutation is readily reverted by gene deletion and if gene deletions suppress the expression of the original dominant mutation in flies heterozygous for the deletion. the beadex (1:59.4) mutations are shown to satisfy these requirements, since a bx dominant mutations is reverted by induced deletion [ ... | 1998 | 108520 |
| inappropriate secretion of thyrotropin: discordance between the suppressive effects of corticosteroids and thyroid hormone. | 1998 | 107182 | |
| computerized cranial transverse axial tomography (ctat) in 145 patients with primary and secondary generalized epilepsies. west syndrome, myoclonic-astatic petit mal, absence epilepsy. | 1998 | 107475 | |
| thyrotropin and prolactin in patients with hypothalamus-pituitary diseases. | seventy patients with hypothalamus-pituitary diseases were studied. 13 of them were studied before surgical treatment and then 15-20 days and 6 months later. a comparison was made with 59 controls. in all these subjects prl and tsh were studied under basal conditions and after trh stimulation. as for tsh the highest percentage of abnormal responses was found in the group of patients with chromophobe adenoma and parasellar dysplasias. this area of the pituitary appears relatively undamaged in acr ... | 1998 | 106450 |
| inability to demonstrate hydroxylation of tyrosine by murine melanoma "tyrosinase" (l-dopa oxidase), using the tritiated water assay technique. | validity of the tritiated water assay technique for tyrosine hydroxylase activity as a qualitative method was demonstrated with mushroom tyrosinase. using this method, isolated murine melanoma "tyrosinase" (l-dopa oxidase) showed no tyrosine hydroxylase activity. this finding supports previous studies in our laboratory which used a variety of histochemical and biochemical methods. the nonenzymatic production of tritiated water caused by tritium exchange with hydrogen peroxide complicates the use ... | 1998 | 107247 |
| gold and penicillamine: a proposed mode of action in rheumatoid arthritis, based on synovial fluid analysis. | although in common use, there is still controversy as to the way in which gold and penicillamine act in rheumatoid arthritis (ra). in this study, synovial fluids from 4 groups of patients have been compared: (1) ra patients on gold/penicillamine, (2) ra patients on non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaid) only, (3) osteoarthritis patients, and (4) patients with sero-negative arthropathies. the parameters measured were differential agglutination titre (dat), total haemolytic complement (ch50 ... | 1998 | 107867 |
| the use of 60co-edta as an extracellular marker in frog skin. | 60co-edta was tested as an extracellular marker in isolated epithelia of frog skin. it was found to be non-toxic for frog skin and 0.1 mm edta proved to be enough to saturate any adsorption sites. comparing with [14c]inulin, 60co-edta marks a slightly greater extracellular space and this volume is constant between 15 min and 2 h. furthermore it is reproducible and its use simplifies the methodology of the determination of water and electrolyte contents in the cells. | 1998 | 107970 |
| intravenous alimentation and insensible water loss in low-birth-weight infants. | insensible water loss (iwl) was measured in six premature infants, between 4 and 21 days of age, by continuous weight monitoring on an electronic balance inside an incubator. multiple measurements of iwl were made during the sequential infusion of 10% dextrose in 0.225% nacl, 10% dextrose-amino acid solution, or 10% dextrose-amino acid and a commercial intravenous fat emulsion. each solution was administered for three hours by constant infusion through a scalp vein needle. the order of the infus ... | 1998 | 108663 |
| [detection of female heterozygous glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]. | diagnostics of heterozygotes are required for population studies, for the detection and consultation of persons with g-6-pd deficiency prone to hemolysis. the diagnostics of heterozygous females with the corresponding trait are problematic in families without hemizygous patients. 1. the determination of the activity is only applicable to the differentiation between heterozygotes and homozygotes if the activities are below the reference range. heterozygous g-6-pd deficiency with normal activity c ... | 1998 | 23637 |
| a vest for ambulatory patients receiving hyperalimentation. | there have been no significant complications related to the use of this ambulatory hyperalimentation vest. the potential positive impact that increased use of this vest at home might have upon hospital stay and cost containment is obvious. it is further anticipated that, as advances are made in the technology of plastic bags, tubing, miniature pumps and microprocessors, ambulatory or home hyperalimentation delivery systems exemplified by this vest will achieve a much higher degree of sophisticat ... | 1998 | 107602 |
| ross timesaver: long-term care currents. | 1998 | 108403 | |
| [clinico-roentgenomorphological correlations in disseminated processes of the lungs]. | 1998 | 1114387 |