Publications

imaging living cells of aspergillus in vitro.	live-cell imaging techniques are now routinely used to study filamentous fungi. this has been very much facilitated by the development of a wide range of novel microscope technologies, new fluorescent probes (vital dyes and fluorescent proteins), and major advances in computing hardware and software. here we show what can be achieved with imaging living cells of aspergillus fumigatus and a. nidulans in vitro using confocal laser scanning microscopy. basic techniques for successful live-cell imag ...	2009	19255923
identification of ppoa from aspergillus nidulans as a fusion protein of a fatty acid heme dioxygenase/peroxidase and a cytochrome p450.	the homothallic ascomycete aspergillus nidulans serves as model organism for filamentous fungi because of its ability to propagate with both asexual and sexual life cycles, and fatty acid-derived substances regulate the balance between both cycles. these so-called psi (precocious sexual inducer) factors are produced by psi factor-producing oxygenases (ppo enzymes). bioinformatic analysis predicted the presence of two different heme domains in ppo proteins: in the n-terminal region, a fatty acid ...	2009	19286665
differential roles of the chib chitinase in autolysis and cell death of aspergillus nidulans.	autolysis is a natural event that occurs in most filamentous fungi. such self-degradation of fungal cells becomes a predominant phenomenon in the absence of the regulator of g protein signaling flba in aspergillus nidulans. among a number of potential hydrolytic enzymes in the a. nidulans genome, the secreted endochitinase chib was shown to play a major role in autolysis. in this report, we investigate the roles of chib in fungal autolysis and cell death processes through genetic, biochemical, a ...	2009	19286987
prophylaxis against aspergillus is not perfect: problems and perils in stem cell transplantation.	availability of newer, well tolerated anti-aspergillus drugs at a time of rising prevalence of invasive aspergillosis has sparked enthusiasm for chemoprophylaxis against aspergillus in allogeneic stem cell recipients. such a drug-oriented approach however is associated with problems. in the azole class, itraconazole has been shown to be effective, but hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal intolerability have made the drug less attractive. posaconazole, approved for prophylaxis in allogeneic stem c ...	2009	18663660
annotation of stress-response proteins in the aspergilli.	stress-response proteins of aspergillus nidulans, aspergillus clavatus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus terreus and neosartorya fischeri (3908 in total) were annotated and grouped according to stress types (http://193.6.155.82/aspergillusstress/). all genomes harboured elements of the sska-hoga/saka stress signalling pathway. there are accumulating data pointing at the importance of sska-hoga/saka signalling in different types of stre ...	2009	18703157
a single channel for nitrate uptake, nitrite export and nitrite uptake by escherichia coli naru and a role for nirc in nitrite export and uptake.	two related polytopic membrane proteins of the major facilitator family, nark and naru, catalyse nitrate uptake, nitrite export and nitrite uptake across the escherichia coli cytoplasmic membrane by an unknown mechanism. a 12-helix model of naru was constructed based upon six alkaline phosphatase and beta-galactosidase fusions to nark and the predicted hydropathy for the nark family. fifteen residues conserved in the nark-naru protein family were substituted by site-directed mutagenesis, includi ...	2009	18691156
proteins involved in microbody biogenesis and degradation in aspergillus nidulans.	fungal microbodies (peroxisomes) are inducible organelles that proliferate in response to nutritional cues. proteins involved in peroxisome biogenesis/proliferation are designated peroxins and are encoded by pex genes. an autophagy-related process, termed pexophagy, is responsible for the selective removal of peroxisomes from the cell. several genes involved in pexophagy are also required for autophagy and are collectively known as atg genes. we have re-analysed the aspergillus nidulans genome f ...	2009	18694841
recombinant bacterial hemoglobin alters metabolism of aspergillus niger.	the filamentous fungus aspergillus niger is used extensively for the production of enzymes and organic acids. a major problem in industrial fermentations with this fungus is to ensure sufficient supply of oxygen required for respiratory metabolism of the fungus. in case of oxygen limitation, the fungus will produce various by-products like organic acids and polyols. in order to circumvent this problem we here study the effects of the expression of a bacterial hemoglobin protein on the metabolism ...	2009	18694843
the level of sulfane sulfur in the fungus aspergillus nidulans wild type and mutant strains.	the interdependence of the sulfane sulfur metabolism and sulfur amino acid metabolism was studied in the fungus aspergillus nidulans wild type strain and in mutants impaired in genes encoding enzymes involved in the synthesis of cysteine (a precursor of sulfane sulfur) or in regulatory genes of the sulfur metabolite repression system. it was found that a low concentration of cellular cysteine leads to elevation of two sulfane sulfurtransferases, rhodanase and cystathionine gamma-lyase, while the ...	2009	18781374
genotoxicity of achillea millefolium essential oil in diploid cells of aspergillus nidulans.	the essential oil of achillea millefolium is commonly used in folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases and has been demonstrated previously to exert an in vitro antimicrobial activity against human pathogens. current study investigates the genotoxic activity of a. millefolium oil. the oil's major constituents are: chamazulene (42.15%), sabinene (19.72%), terpin-4-ol (5.22%), beta-caryophyllene (4.44%) and eucalyptol (3.10%), comprising 74.63% of the total. the oil's genotoxic evaluati ...	2009	18803228
a survey of nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) genes in aspergillus nidulans.	the genome of aspergillus nidulans carries 27 genes encoding nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) structures, although only five of these forming peptides and amino acid containing metabolites have been identified so far. this manuscript describes domain structures, substrate binding pockets and related genes and gene clusters and summarizes our current state of product prediction of fungal nrps systems.	2009	18804170
purification and partial characterization of the xanthine-uric acid transporter (uapa) of aspergillus nidulans.	uapa, the uric acid-xanthine permease from the filamentous ascomycete aspergillus nidulans, is one of the most thoroughly characterized purine/h(+) transporters in eukaryotes. detailed studies have addressed its regulation of expression, at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels, in response to physiological and developmental signals. an extensive kinetic profile towards a plethora of purines and mutational analyses have established models on how uapa recognizes the purine ring a ...	2009	18824106
the cypome (cytochrome p450 complement) of aspergillus nidulans.	the cytochromes p450 (cyps) are found in all biological kingdoms and genome sequencing projects continue to reveal an ever increasing number. the principle aim of this paper is to identify the complete cypome of aspergillus nidulans from the genome sequence version an.3 deposited at the broad institute, assign the appropriate cyp nomenclature and define function where possible. the completed analysis revealed a total of 111 cyp genes, 3 of which were previously unknown and 8 pseudogenes, represe ...	2009	18824241
effect of bioaugmentation and nitrogen supplementation on composting of paddy straw.	a composting experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of a hyperlignocellulolytic fungal consortium and different nitrogen amendments on paddy straw composting in terms of changes in physicochemical and biological parameters. a fungal consortium comprising four lignocellulolytic mesophilic fungal cultures was used as inoculum for bioaugmentation of paddy straw in perforated pits. the comparative effect of farmyard manure (fym), soybean trash, poultry litter and urea on the composting proc ...	2009	18839317
overexpression of a novel endogenous nadh kinase in aspergillus nidulans enhances growth.	the complete genome sequence of the filamentous fungi aspergillus nidulans has paved the way for fundamental research on this industrially important species. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a gene encoding for atp-dependent nadh kinase (atp:nadh 2'-phosphotransferase, ec 2.7.1.86) has been identified. the enzyme has a predicted molecular weight of 49 kda. we characterised the role of this nadh kinase by genomic integration of the putative gene an8837.2 under a strong constit ...	2009	18840540
mapping the interaction sites of aspergillus nidulans phytochrome fpha with the global regulator vea and the white collar protein lreb.	aspergillus nidulans senses red and blue-light and employs a phytochrome and a neurospora crassa white collar (wc) homologous system for light perception and transmits this information into developmental decisions. under light conditions it undergoes asexual development and in the dark it develops sexually. the phytochrome fpha consists of a light sensory domain and a signal output domain, consisting of a histidine kinase and a response regulator domain. previously it was shown that the phytochr ...	2009	18936976
analysis and prediction of gene splice sites in four aspergillus genomes.	several aspergillus fungal genomic sequences have been published, with many more in progress. obviously, it is essential to have high-quality, consistently annotated sets of proteins from each of the genomes, in order to make meaningful comparisons. we have developed a dedicated, publicly available, splice site prediction program called netaspgene, for the genus aspergillus. gene sequences from aspergillus fumigatus, the most common mould pathogen, were used to build and test our model. compared ...	2009	18948220
a novel highly acidic beta-mannanase from the acidophilic fungus bispora sp. mey-1: gene cloning and overexpression in pichia pastoris.	using degenerate polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and thermal asymmetric interlaced pcr, a 1,347-bp full-length complementary dna fragment encompassing the gene man5a, which encodes a 429-amino acid beta-mannanase with a calculated mass of 46.8 kda, was cloned from acidophilic bispora sp. mey-1. the deduced amino acid sequence (catalytic domain) displayed highest identity (54.1%) with the emericella nidulans endo-beta-1,4-d-mannanase, a member of the glycoside hydrolase family 5. recombinant man5 ...	2009	18998121
long-distance movement of aspergillus nidulans early endosomes on microtubule tracks.	in fungal hyphal cells, intracellular membrane trafficking is constrained by the relatively long intracellular distances and the mode of growth, exclusively by apical extension. endocytosis plays a key role in hyphal tip growth, which involves the coupling of secretory membrane delivery to the apical region with subapical compensatory endocytosis. however, the identity, dynamics and function of filamentous fungal endosomal compartments remain largely unexplored. aspergillus nidulans raba(rab5) l ...	2009	19000168
aspergillus nidulans flbe is an upstream developmental activator of conidiation functionally associated with the putative transcription factor flbb.	aspergillus nidulans switches from vegetative growth to conidiation when aerial hyphae make contact with the atmosphere, or are subjected to specific environmental stress. the activation of the central conidiation pathway led by the transcription factor brla is a critical milestone in this morphogenetic transition. a number of upstream developmental activators (udas), expressed in vegetative cells, are required for this process to occur in conjunction with cessation of vegetative growth. mutants ...	2009	19007409
genetic regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis: from gene to genome.	aflatoxins are notorious toxic secondary metabolites known for their impacts on human and animal health, and their effects on the marketability of key grain and nut crops. understanding aflatoxin biosynthesis is the focus of a large and diverse research community. concerted efforts by this community have led not only to a well-characterized biosynthetic pathway, but also to the discovery of novel regulatory mechanisms. common to secondary metabolism is the clustering of biosynthetic genes and th ...	2009	19010433
transcription regulation of the pbgp43 gene by nitrogen in the human pathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis.	we show indirect evidences for the possible involvement of nit2-like binding motifs in transcription modulation of the pbgp43 gene, which codes for an important antigen from the human fungal pathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis. this investigation was motivated by the finding of 23 nit2-like sites within the proximal -2047 nucleotides of the pbgp43 5' intergenic region from the pb339 isolate. they compose four clusters, two of them identical. we found four nit2-containing probes that were posi ...	2009	19013535
quality evaluation of co-composted wheat straw, poultry droppings and oil seed cakes.	poultry droppings, neem cake, castor cake, jatropha cake and grass clippings were used separately as organic nitrogen additives to decrease the high c:n ratio of wheat straw. composting was carried out aerobically in presence of fungal consortium developed by including aspergillus awamori, aspergillus nidulans, trichoderma viride and phanerochaete chrysosporium. the degraded product was characterized to assess the technical viability of organic nitrogen supplements as well as fungal consortium i ...	2009	19015937
the three fungal transmembrane nuclear pore complex proteins of aspergillus nidulans are dispensable in the presence of an intact an-nup84-120 complex.	in aspergillus nidulans nuclear pore complexes (npcs) undergo partial mitotic disassembly such that 12 npc proteins (nups) form a core structure anchored across the nuclear envelope (ne). to investigate how the npc core is maintained, we affinity purified the major core an-nup84-120 complex and identified two new fungal nups, an-nup37 and an-elys, previously thought to be vertebrate specific. during mitosis the an-nup84-120 complex locates to the ne and spindle pole bodies but, unlike vertebrate ...	2009	19019988
antifungal activity of anidulafungin, a product of aspergillus nidulans, against aspergillus nidulans.	anidulafungin is a semisynthetic product originating from aspergillus nidulans. the aim of this study was to determine whether this drug is active against a. nidulans strains. the minimum effective concentration (mec) of anidulafungin without and with 50% foetal calf serum was determined according to the clinical and laboratory standards microdilution method. all 13 a. nidulans strains were highly susceptible to anidulafungin, with a mec of 0.031mg/l. the presence of serum did not affect the in ...	2009	19026523
the aspergillus nidulans kinesin-3 unca motor moves vesicles along a subpopulation of microtubules.	the extremely polarized growth form of filamentous fungi imposes a huge challenge on the cellular transport machinery, because proteins and lipids required for hyphal extension need to be continuously transported to the growing tip. recently, it was shown that endocytosis is also important for hyphal growth. here, we found that the aspergillus nidulans kinesin-3 motor protein unca transports vesicles and is required for fast hyphal extension. most surprisingly, unca-dependent vesicle movement oc ...	2009	19037104
thematic issue: aspergillus genomics and beyond. preface.		2009	19041727
effects of conidia of various aspergillus species on apoptosis of human pneumocytes and bronchial epithelial cells.	aspergillus species can cause mycoses in human and animals. previously, we demonstrated that a. fumigatus conidia from a human isolate inhibited apoptosis in human pneumocytes and bronchial epithelial cells. in the current study, we studied the effects of a. fumigatus conidia non-human origin and a. flavus, a. nidulans, a. niger and a. oryzae conidia on human cells apoptosis. human pneumocytes or bronchial epithelial cells were simultaneously exposed to apoptotic inductors and aspergilli conidia ...	2009	19117118
atazg1 and atazg2 comprise a novel family of purine transporters in arabidopsis.	in plants, nucleobase biochemistry is highly compartmented relying upon a well-regulated and selective membrane transport system. in arabidopsis two proteins, atazg1 and atazg2, show substantial amino acid sequence similarity to the adenine-guanine-hypoxanthine transporter azga of aspergillus nidulans. analysis of single and double mutant lines harboring t-dna insertion alleles atazg1-1 and atazg2-1 reveal a marked resistance to growth in the presence of 8-azaadenine and 8-azaguanine but not to ...	2009	19121308
response to hypoxia, reduction of electron acceptors, and subsequent survival by filamentous fungi.	filamentous fungi usually inhabit normoxic environments by utilizing oxygen as a substrate for respiration and for the biosynthesis of some essential cellular components. this review examines the metabolic mechanisms used by filamentous fungi under oxygen-limited (hypoxic) conditions. denitrification is one mechanism through which fusarium oxysporum and other fungi reduce nitrate or nitrite to nitrous oxide, generating nitric oxide as a reaction intermediate. the involvement of cytochrome p450no ...	2009	19129650
alternative processing of proproteins in aspergilli kexb gene disruptants under hyperosmotic conditions.	disruption of the kexb gene encoding a subtilisin-like processing protease in aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus nidulans led to remarkable morphological defects, and these phenotypes were suppressed under hyperosmotic conditions. in this study, we investigated to determine whether non-kexb proteases might complement the in vivo function of kexb in the two aspergillus kexb disruptants. neither overexpression of opsa or opsb encoding a. oryzae aspartyl proteases homologous to yeast yapsins (yps1/ ...	2009	19129662
inactivation of the lipoxygenase zmlox3 increases susceptibility of maize to aspergillus spp.	plant and fungal lipoxygenases (lox) catalyze the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, creating fatty-acid hydroperoxides (oxylipins). fungal oxylipins are required for normal fungal development and secondary metabolism, and plant host-derived oxylipins interfere with these processes in fungi, presumably by signal mimicry. the maize lox gene zmlox3 has been implicated previously in seed-aspergillus interactions, so we tested the interactions of a mutant maize line (lox3-4, in which zmlox3 i ...	2009	19132874
the 2008 update of the aspergillus nidulans genome annotation: a community effort.	the identification and annotation of protein-coding genes is one of the primary goals of whole-genome sequencing projects, and the accuracy of predicting the primary protein products of gene expression is vital to the interpretation of the available data and the design of downstream functional applications. nevertheless, the comprehensive annotation of eukaryotic genomes remains a considerable challenge. many genomes submitted to public databases, including those of major model organisms, contai ...	2009	19146970
indole prenyltransferases from fungi: a new enzyme group with high potential for the production of prenylated indole derivatives.	prenylated indole derivatives are hybrid natural products containing both aromatic and isoprenoid moieties and are widely spread in plants, fungi and bacteria. some of these complex natural products, e.g. the ergot alkaloids ergotamine and fumigaclavine c as well as the diketopiperazine derivative fumitremorgin c and its biosynthetic precursors tryprostatin a and b, show a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. prenyl transfer reactions catalysed by prenyltransferases represent ...	2009	19149573
contribution of peroxisomes to penicillin biosynthesis in aspergillus nidulans.	peroxisomal localization of the third enzyme of the penicillin biosynthesis pathway of aspergillus nidulans, acyl-coenzyme a:ipn acyltransferase (iat), is mediated by its atypical peroxisomal targeting signal 1 (pts1). however, mislocalization of iat by deletion of either its pts1 or of genes encoding proteins involved in peroxisome formation or transport does not completely abolish penicillin biosynthesis. this is in contrast to the effects of iat mislocalization in penicillium chrysogenum.	2009	19151327
identification of virulence genes in fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici by large-scale transposon tagging.	forward genetic screens are efficient tools for the dissection of complex biological processes, such as fungal pathogenicity. a transposon tagging system was developed in the vascular wilt fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici by inserting the novel modified impala element imp160::gfp upstream of the aspergillus nidulans niad gene, followed by transactivation with a constitutively expressed transposase. a collection of 2072 nia(+) revertants was obtained from reporter strain t12 and scree ...	2009	19161356
inhibition of histone deacetylase causes reduction of appressorium formation in the rice blast fungus magnaporthe oryzae.	post-translational modifications (ptms) are important for cellular functions. the regulation of histone acetyltransferases (hats) and histone deacetylases (hdacs) is one of important ptms for epigenetic control, protein activity and protein stability. the regulation of acetylation of the n-terminal histone tails of core histone affects gene expression. two class i hdac genes and two class ii hdac genes have been identified in the magnaporthe oryzae genome. treatment with rpd3/hda1 family (classi ...	2009	20118613
selection to sequence: opportunities in fungal genomics.		2009	20025617
the properties of adaptive walks in evolving populations of fungus.	the rarity of beneficial mutations has frustrated efforts to develop a quantitative theory of adaptation. recent models of adaptive walks, the sequential substitution of beneficial mutations by selection, make two compelling predictions: adaptive walks should be short, and fitness increases should become exponentially smaller as successive mutations fix. we estimated the number and fitness effects of beneficial mutations in each of 118 replicate lineages of aspergillus nidulans evolving for appr ...	2009	19956798
using a new gpi-anchored-protein identification system to mine the protein databases of aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus nidulans, and aspergillus oryzae.	computational approaches provide valuable information to start experimental surveys identifying glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-anchored proteins in protein sequence databases. we developed a new sequence-based identification system that uses an optimized classifier based on a support vector machine (svm) algorithm to recognize appropriate cooh-terminal sequences and uses a classifier implementing a simple majority voting strategy to recognize appropriate nh2-terminal sequences. the svm class ...	2009	19940384
protoplast isolation from cultured lichen usnea ghattensis, their fusion with protoplasts of aspergillus nidulans, fusant regeneration and production of usnic acid.	protoplasts isolated from the mycobiont of a cultured lichen usnea ghattensis were fused with protoplasts of the fungus aspergillus nidulans in order to increase the growth rate of the cultured lichen mycobiont in vitro. the maximum protoplast yield (102 x 10(4)/g fresh cell mass) was reached in citrate buffer with 50 mmol/l 2-sulfanylethanol ('2-mercaptoethanol') containing 0.1 % novozym after 1.5 h at ph 5 and <or=25 degrees c. the increase in the concentration of the above effectors or the ad ...	2009	19937214
a key role for vesicles in fungal secondary metabolism.	eukaryotes have evolved highly conserved vesicle transport machinery to deliver proteins to the vacuole. in this study we show that the filamentous fungus aspergillus parasiticus employs this delivery system to perform new cellular functions, the synthesis, compartmentalization, and export of aflatoxin; this secondary metabolite is one of the most potent naturally occurring carcinogens known. here we show that a highly pure vesicle-vacuole fraction isolated from a. parasiticus under aflatoxin-in ...	2009	19889978
in vivo analysis of the functions of gamma-tubulin-complex proteins.	to enhance our understanding of the function(s) of gamma-tubulin-complex proteins (gcps), we identified and analyzed the functions of the aspergillus nidulans homologs of gcp2-gcp6 (here designated gcpb-gcbf). the gamma-tubulin small complex (gamma-tusc) components, gamma-tubulin, gcpb and gcpc, are essential for viability and mitotic spindle formation, whereas gcpd-gcpf are not essential for viability, spindle formation or sexual reproduction. gcpd-gcpf function in reducing the frequency of chr ...	2009	19861490
aspects on evolution of fungal beta-lactam biosynthesis gene clusters and recruitment of trans-acting factors.	penicillins and cephalosporins are beta-lactam antibiotics. the formation of hydrophobic penicillins has been reported in fungi only, notably penicillium chrysogenum and aspergillus (emericella) nidulans, whereas the hydrophilic cephalosporins are produced by both fungi, e.g., acremonium chrysogenum (cephalosporin c), and bacteria. the producing bacteria include gram-negatives and gram-positives, e.g., streptomyces clavuligerus (cephamycin c) and lysobacter lactamgenus (cephabacins), respectivel ...	2009	19863978
kapi, a non-essential member of the pse1p/imp5 karyopherin family, controls colonial and asexual development in aspergillus nidulans.	asexual development in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans is governed by the timely expression and cellular localization of multiple transcription factors. hence, factors mediating import and export across the nuclear pore complexes (karyopherins) are expected to play a key role in coordinating the developmental programme. here we characterize kapi, a putative homologue of the saccharomyces cerevisiae kap121/pse1p karyopherin. kapi is a non-essential importin-beta-like protein located i ...	2009	19729403
negative roles of a novel nitrogen metabolite repression-related gene, tar1, in laccase production and nitrate utilization by the basidiomycete cryptococcus neoformans.	the multicopper oxidase laccase is widespread in fungi and has great industrial importance. one puzzle regarding laccase production in the basidiomycetous yeast cryptococcus neoformans is that it is inhibited by high temperature (e.g., 37 degrees c). in this paper, we report identification of a nitrogen metabolite repression-related gene, tar1, which is responsible for laccase repression. disruption of tar1 results in a significant increase in the level of lac1 mrna at 37 degrees c. the putative ...	2009	19734333
first case of extensive spinal cord infection with aspergillus nidulans in a child with chronic granulomatous disease.	chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) is characterized by a defect in phagocytic cells that lead to recurrent bacterial and fungal infections. the etiology of most common fungal infections in cgd are aspergillus species. aspergillus nidulans is one of several species of aspergillus with low pathogenicity. however, it was reported to cause fatal invasive aspergillosis in patients with cgd. here we report the first cured invasive aspergillus nidulans infection with extensive involvement of the spina ...	2009	19759498
study of codon bias perspective of fungal xylanase gene by multivariate analysis.	fungal xylanases has important applications in food, baking, pulp and paper industries in addition to various other industries. xylanases are produced extensively by both bacterial and fungal sources and has tremendous potential of being active at extremes of temperature and ph. in the present study an effort has been made to explore the codon bias perspective of this potential enzyme using bioinformatics tools. multivariate analysis has been used as a tool to study codon bias perspectives of xy ...	2009	19759864
uncovering transcriptional regulation of glycerol metabolism in aspergilli through genome-wide gene expression data analysis.	glycerol is catabolized by a wide range of microorganisms including aspergillus species. to identify the transcriptional regulation of glycerol metabolism in aspergillus, we analyzed data from triplicate batch fermentations of three different aspergilli (aspergillus nidulans, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger) with glucose and glycerol as carbon sources. protein comparisons and cross-analysis with gene expression data of all three species resulted in the identification of 88 genes having ...	2009	19784673
recombinogenic activity of fluoxetine in aspergillus nidulans.	the recombinogenic potential of fluoxetine, an antidepressant widely prescribed in the treatment of depressive disorders in cancer patients, was investigated in this study. a heterozygous diploid strain of aspergillus nidulans was utilized. fluoxetine at 7.5, 15, and 30 microm concentrations induced homozygosity of several nutritional genetic markers and significantly increased their homozygotization index values. since mitotic recombination is a mechanism leading to malignant growth through the ...	2009	19793026
bicarbonate gradients modulate growth and colony morphology in aspergillus nidulans.	fungal colonies expand through apically extending peripheral hyphae. these long and relatively unbranched leaders leave behind cells that show a higher degree of branching and lower growth rates. towards the centre of the colony, quiescent, but viable cells sustain processes such as transport of water, solutes and organelles, and support the concerted genesis of specialized reproductive structures. a survey of chemical signals controlling changes in hyphal growth and branching of aspergillus nid ...	2009	19799635
remediation of arsenic in soil by aspergillus nidulans isolated from an arsenic-contaminated site.	high concentrations of heavy metals, such as arsenic, in soils have potential long-term environmental and health consequences due to their persistence in the environment and their associated toxicity to biological organisms. aspergillus nidulans isolated from arsenic-contaminated soil has the potential to remove arsenic from soil. the isolated resistant strain showed resistance up to 500 ppm and the mean weight was found to be 1.309 g. the main objective of this research was to study the improve ...	2009	19803330
reconstitution of protection against aspergillus infection in chronic granulomatous disease (cgd).		2009	19833851
dynein light intermediate chain in aspergillus nidulans is essential for the interaction between heavy and intermediate chains.	cytoplasmic dynein is a complex containing heavy chains (hcs), intermediate chains (ics), light intermediate chains (lics), and light chains (lcs). the hcs are responsible for motor activity. the ics at the tail region of the motor interact with dynactin, which is essential for dynein function. however, functions of other subunits and how they contribute to the assembly of the core complex are not clearly defined. here, we analyzed in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans functions of the ...	2009	19837669
modelling the survival of escherichia coli o157:h7 on raw portioned tomatoes, inoculated with aspergillus fumigatus and emericella nidulans.	the metabiotic interactions occurring among two fungi (aspergillus fumigatus and emericella nidulans) and escherichia coli o157:h7 on raw portioned tomatoes were studied. tomatoes, preinoculated with the moulds and inoculated with the pathogen, were packaged in air and stored at 4, 8 and 12( composite function)c for 9 days; pathogen cell number and ph were monitored throughout the storage and the data were modeled using three different equations (geeraerd, weibull, and modified weibull), to asse ...	2009	20037729
genome-wide analysis of microsatellite sequence in seven filamentous fungi.	abundance of microsatellites with repeated unit lengths of 1-6 base pairs in seven fungi: aspergillus nidulans, coprinus cinereus, cryptococcus neoformans (serotype a), fusarium graminearum, magnaporthe grisea, neurospora crassa and ustilago maydis were investigated on genomic scale. the results showed that each species has its specific profile for different types and different motifs of ssr loci. ascomycetes fungi m. grisea, n. crassa and basidiomycete fungus u. maydis adopt much more microsate ...	2009	20640828
effect of culture temperature on the heterologous expression of pleurotus eryngii versatile peroxidase in aspergillus hosts.	production of recombinant versatile peroxidase in aspergillus hosts was optimized through the modification of temperature during bioreactor cultivations. to further this purpose, the cdna encoding a versatile peroxidase of pleurotus eryngii was expressed under control of the alcohol dehydrogenase (alca) promoter of aspergillus nidulans. a dependence of recombinant peroxidase production on cultivation temperature was found. lowering the culture temperature from 28 to 19 degrees c enhanced the lev ...	2009	18481101
molecular detection and identification of aspergillus spp. from clinical samples using real-time pcr.	the definite and rapid diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis is necessary because of the high mortality caused. the objective of this study was to evaluate a real-time pcr assay to detect aspergillus spp. in clinical samples, based on the light cycler technology. specificity was assessed by using dna extracted from pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria/fungi from spanish collection including: two aspergillus flavus, four aspergillus fumigatus, two aspergillus nidulans, two aspergillus niger and t ...	2009	18643921
functional diversity of chitin synthases of aspergillus nidulans in hyphal growth, conidiophore development and septum formation.	fungal chitin synthases are classified into seven classes. recent advances in genome sequence analyses have revealed that there are more than seven chitin synthase-encoding genes in the genome of filamentous ascomycete fungi. to clarify the functional differences among these genes in the morphogenesis and hyphal tip growth, we have cloned six chitin synthase-encoding genes from aspergillus nidulans and analyzed their functions. the results obtained suggest that chitin synthases are structurally ...	2009	18651309
role of the lolp cytochrome p450 monooxygenase in loline alkaloid biosynthesis.	the insecticidal loline alkaloids, produced by neotyphodium uncinatum and related endophytes, are exo-1-aminopyrrolizidines with an ether bridge between c-2 and c-7. loline alkaloids vary in methyl, acetyl, and formyl substituents on the 1-amine, which affect their biological activity. enzymes for key loline biosynthesis steps are probably encoded by genes in the lol cluster, which is duplicated in n. uncinatum, except for a large deletion in lolp2. the role of lolp1 was investigated by its repl ...	2008	18655839
uvsf rfc1, the large subunit of replication factor c in aspergillus nidulans, is essential for dna replication, functions in uv repair and is upregulated in response to mms-induced dna damage.	uvsf201 was the first highly uv-sensitive repair-defective mutation isolated in aspergillus nidulans. it showed epistasis only with postreplication repair mutations, but caused lethal interactions with many other repair-defective strains. unexpectedly, closest homology of uvsf was found to the large subunit of human dna replication factor rfc that is essential for dna replication. sequencing of the uvsf201 region identified changes at two close base pairs and the corresponding amino acids in the ...	2008	18655840
functional analysis of the endoxylanase b (xynb) promoter from penicillium purpurogenum.	in penicillium purpurogenum, the gene encoding endoxylanase b (xynb) is highly expressed by xylan and repressed by glucose at the transcriptional level. the promoter of this gene has a modular structure, with eight putative xlnr binding sites in tandem (xlnr module), and upstream from them, four putative crea binding sites (crea module). promoter fragments containing different modules were inserted into a plasmid, pan49-1, which contains a basal fungal promoter linked to a reporter gene (lacz) a ...	2008	18661134
the design of oligonucleotide primers for the universal amplification of the n-acetylglucosaminidase gene (nag1) in chytridiomycetes with emphasis on the anaerobic neocallimastigales.	the common feature of all chytridiomycetous fungi, aerobic as well as anaerobic, is an abundance of chitin in their cell wall. the genes coding for chitinases have therefore been widely used as phylogenetic markers in ascomycetes. as their utility for chytridiomycetes has not been determined we chose the gene encoding an enzyme involved in chitin degradation and energy metabolism, the beta-(1,4)-n-acetylglucosaminidase (nag1). primer pair nag-forward and nag-reverse was used to create pcr produc ...	2008	18661293
comparison between polyethylene glycol- and polyethylenimine-mediated transformation of aspergillus nidulans.	genetic transformation of many filamentous fungi is carried out by a protocol that utilizes polyethylene glycol (peg) and calcium ion (ca2+). this method has remained practically unchanged for more than 20 years, but the roles these molecules play are not definitively understood. to gain a better understanding, we have compared peg transformation to a protocol using polyethylenimine (pei) that is the basis for non-viral transfection in mammals and which has a well established molecular model for ...	2008	18649081
expression of a synthetic artemesia annua amorphadiene synthase in aspergillus nidulans yields altered product distribution.	a gene encoding a plant terpene cyclase, artemisia annua amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ads), was expressed in aspergillus nidulans under control of a strong constitutive promoter, (p)gpda. the transformants produced only small amounts of amorphadiene, but much larger amounts of similar sesquiterpenes normally produced as minor by-products in planta. in contrast, expression of ads in escherichia coli produced almost exclusively amorpha-4,11-diene. these results indicate that the host environment c ...	2008	18651187
ras gtpase-activating protein regulation of actin cytoskeleton and hyphal polarity in aspergillus nidulans.	aspergillus nidulans gapa1, a mutation leading to compact, fluffy colonies and delayed polarity establishment, maps to a gene encoding a ras gtpase-activating protein. domain organization and phylogenetic analyses strongly indicate that gapa regulates one or more "true" ras proteins. a gapadelta strain is viable. gapa colonies are more compact than gapa1 colonies and show reduced conidiation. gapadelta strains have abnormal conidiophores, characterized by the absence of one of the two layers of ...	2008	18039943
functional characterization of the aspergillus fumigatus crz1 homologue, crza.	the protein phosphatase calcineurin is an important mediator connecting calcium-dependent signalling to various cellular responses in multiple organisms. in fungi calcineurin acts largely through regulating crz1p-like transcription factors. here we characterize an aspergillus fumigatus crz1 homologue, crza and demonstrate its mediation of cellular tolerance to increased concentrations of calcium and manganese. in addition to acute sensitivity to these ions, and decreased conidiation, the crza nu ...	2008	18298443
acpa, a member of the gpr1/fun34/yaah membrane protein family, is essential for acetate permease activity in the hyphal fungus aspergillus nidulans.	in a previous study, alcs, a gene of the aspergillus nidulans alc cluster, was shown to encode a protein that belongs to the gpr1/fun34/yaah membrane protein family. blast screening of the a. nidulans genome data identified additional genes encoding hypothetical proteins that could belong to this family. in this study we report the functional characterization of one of them, an5226. its expression is induced by ethanol and ethyl acetate (two inducers of the alc genes) and is mediated by the spec ...	2008	18302536
ndel1 controls the dynein-mediated transport of vimentin during neurite outgrowth.	ndel1, the mammalian homologue of the aspergillus nidulans nude, is emergently viewed as an integrator of the cytoskeleton. by regulating the dynamics of microtubules and assembly of neuronal intermediate filaments (ifs), ndel1 promotes neurite outgrowth, neuronal migration, and cell integrity (1-6). to further understand the roles of ndel1 in cytoskeletal dynamics, we performed a tandem affinity purification of ndel1-interacting proteins. we isolated a novel ndel1 molecular complex composed of ...	2008	18303022
functional characterization of residues within the carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase rx2panaaxf distinct motif.	the mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier (cac) is characterized by the presence of a distinct motif, rxxpanaaxf, within its sixth transmembrane alpha-helix. in this study, we analysed the role of the amino acids of this motif in the structure-function relationships of the human cac by using two complementary approaches. first, we performed functional analysis in the model fungus aspergillus nidulans of selected mutations with structural and functional relevance. second, similar mutant h ...	2008	18307102
foly: an integrated database for the classification and functional annotation of fungal oxidoreductases potentially involved in the degradation of lignin and related aromatic compounds.	the breakdown of lignin by fungi is a key step during carbon recycling in terrestrial ecosystems. this process is of great interest for green and white biotechnological applications. given the importance of these enzymatic processes, we have classified the enzymes potentially involved in lignin catabolism into sequence-based families and integrated them in a newly developed database, designated fungal oxidative lignin enzymes (foly). families were defined after sequence similarity searches start ...	2008	18308593
more than a repair enzyme: aspergillus nidulans photolyase-like crya is a regulator of sexual development.	cryptochromes are blue-light receptors that have presumably evolved from the dna photolyase protein family, and the genomes of many organisms contain genes for both types of molecules. both protein structures resemble each other, which suggests that light control and light protection share a common ancient origin. in the genome of the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans, however, only one cryptochrome/photolyase-encoding gene, termed crya, was identified. deletion of the crya gene triggers s ...	2008	18495868
structural characterisation of pina ww domain and a comparison with other group iv ww domains, pin1 and ess1.	the nmr solution structure of the pina ww domain from aspergillus nidulans is presented. the backbone of the pina ww domain is composed of a triple-stranded anti-parallel beta-sheet and an alpha-helix similar to ess1 and pin1 without the alpha-helix linker. large rms deviations in loop i were observed both from the nmr structures and molecular dynamics simulation suggest that the loop i of pina ww domain is flexible and solvent accessible, thus enabling it to bind the ps/pt-p motif. the ww domai ...	2008	18503784
the interaction of induction, repression and starvation in the regulation of extracellular proteases in aspergillus nidulans: evidence for a role for crea in the response to carbon starvation.	in aspergillus nidulans, production of extracellular proteases in response to carbon starvation and to a lesser extent nitrogen starvation is controlled by xprg, a putative transcriptional activator. in this study the role of genes involved in carbon catabolite repression and the role of protein as an inducer of extracellular protease gene expression were examined. the addition of exogenous protein to the growth medium did not increase extracellular protease activity whether or not additional ca ...	2008	18512059
a single amino acid substitution in one of the lipases of aspergillus nidulans confers resistance to the antimycotic drug undecanoic acid.	a plausible approach to evaluate the inhibitory action of antifungals is through the investigation of the fungal resistance to these drugs. we describe here the molecular cloning and initial characterization of the a. nidulans lipa gene, where mutation (lipa1) conferred resistance to undecanoic acid, the most fungitoxic fatty acid in the c(7:0)-c(18:0) series. the lipa gene codes for a putative lipase with the sequence consensus gvsis and wifggg as the catalytic signature. comparison of the wild ...	2008	18516670
ambient ph signalling in the yeast yarrowia lipolytica involves ylrim23p/palc, which interacts with snf7p/vps32p, but does not require the long c terminus of ylrim9p/pali.	a conserved ambient ph signal transduction pathway has been evidenced in both ascomycetous yeasts and filamentous fungi, called the rim or pal pathway, respectively. however, closely related palc orthologues are found only in yarrowia lipolytica and in filamentous fungi, where the rim9p/pali factor has a much longer c-terminal tail than in other yeasts. we show here that, like aspergillus nidulans pali mutants, a ylrim9delta mutant has a less extreme phenotype than other mutants of the pathway, ...	2008	18524921
aspergillus nidulans arfb plays a role in endocytosis and polarized growth.	filamentous fungi undergo polarized growth throughout most of their life cycles. the spitzenkörper is an apical organelle composed primarily of vesicles that is unique to filamentous fungi and is likely to act as a vesicle supply center for tip growth. vesicle assembly and trafficking are therefore important for hyphal growth. adp ribosylation factors (arfs), a group of small gtpase proteins, play an important role in nucleating vesicle assembly. little is known about the role of arfs in filamen ...	2008	18539885
production of the polyketide 6-msa in yeast engineered for increased malonyl-coa supply.	the heterologous production of fungal polyketides was investigated using 6-methylsalicylic acid synthase (6-msas) as a model polyketide synthase and saccharomyces cerevisiae as a host. in order to improve the production of 6-msa by enhancing the supply of precursors, the promoter of the gene (acc1) encoding acetyl-coa carboxylase, which catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-coa to malonyl-coa, was replaced with a strong, constitutive promoter (tef1p) in a strain harboring two plasmids carrying the ...	2008	18555717
developmental biology. sex and poison in the dark.		2008	18556538
velb/vea/laea complex coordinates light signal with fungal development and secondary metabolism.	differentiation and secondary metabolism are correlated processes in fungi that respond to light. in aspergillus nidulans, light inhibits sexual reproduction as well as secondary metabolism. we identified the heterotrimeric velvet complex velb/vea/laea connecting light-responding developmental regulation and control of secondary metabolism. vea, which is primarily expressed in the dark, physically interacts with velb, which is expressed during sexual development. vea bridges velb to the nuclear ...	2008	18556559
molecular genetic mining of the aspergillus secondary metabolome: discovery of the emericellamide biosynthetic pathway.	the recently sequenced genomes of several aspergillus species have revealed that these organisms have the potential to produce a surprisingly large range of natural products, many of which are currently unknown. we have found that a. nidulans produces emericellamide a, an antibiotic compound of mixed origins with polyketide and amino acid building blocks. additionally, we describe the discovery of four previously unidentified, related compounds that we designate emericellamide c-f. using recentl ...	2008	18559263
induction of mitotic crossing-over in diploid strains of aspergillus nidulans using low-dose x-rays.	as a contribution towards detecting the genetic effects of low doses of genotoxic physical agents, this paper deals with the consequences of low-dose x-rays in the aspergillus nidulans genome. the irradiation doses studied were those commonly used in dental clinics (1-5 cgy). even very low doses promoted increased mitotic crossing-over frequencies in diploid strains heterozygous for several genetic markers including the ones involved in dna repair and recombination mechanisms. genetic markers of ...	2008	18561380
nadph oxidases nox-1 and nox-2 require the regulatory subunit nor-1 to control cell differentiation and growth in neurospora crassa.	we have proposed that reactive oxygen species (ros) play essential roles in cell differentiation. enzymes belonging to the nadph oxidase (nox) family produce superoxide in a regulated manner. we have identified three distinct nox subfamilies in the fungal kingdom and have shown that noxa is required for sexual cell differentiation in aspergillus nidulans. here we show that neurospora crassa nox-1 elimination results in complete female sterility, decreased asexual development, and reduction of hy ...	2008	18567788
a cytosine methyltransferase homologue is essential for sexual development in aspergillus nidulans.	the genome defense processes rip (repeat-induced point mutation) in the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa, and mip (methylation induced premeiotically) in the fungus ascobolus immersus depend on proteins with dna methyltransferase (dmt) domains. nevertheless, these proteins, rid and masc1, respectively, have not been demonstrated to have dmt activity. we discovered a close homologue in aspergillus nidulans, a fungus thought to have no methylation and no genome defense system comparable to rip ...	2008	18575630
pichia expression and mutagenesis of 7,8-linoleate diol synthase change the dioxygenase and hydroperoxide isomerase.	linoleate diol synthases (lds) are homologous 8(r)-dioxygenases with hydroperoxide isomerase activities, expressed in fungal pathogens of humanitarian importance. we report for the first time expression and site-directed mutagenesis of lds. 7,8-lds of the take-all fungus, expressed in pichia pastoris, oxygenated 18:2n-6 to 8(r)-hydroperoxylinoleic acid, which was unexpectedly isomerized to 5,8(r)-dihydroxylinoleic acid (60% 5s) and to 8(r),13-dihydroxyoctadeca-9(e),11(e)-dienoic acid. the latter ...	2008	18586008
genome mining of cyanide-degrading nitrilases from filamentous fungi.	a variety of fungal species are known to degrade cyanide through the action of cyanide hydratases, a specialized subset of nitrilases which hydrolyze cyanide to formamide. in this paper, we report on two previously unknown and uncharacterized cyanide hydratases from neurospora crassa and aspergillus nidulans. recombinant forms of four cyanide hydratases from n. crassa, a. nidulans, gibberella zeae, and gloeocercospora sorghi were prepared after their genes were cloned with n-terminal hexahistidi ...	2008	18587571
[progress in research on apoptosis in filamentous fungi--a review].	apoptosis is a conserved mechanism that plays an essential role in eukaryotes. malfunction of apoptosis contributes to many human diseases including cancer and aids. compared with yeast, a monocellular eukaryote, which is the model organism for apoptosis research, investigation on filamentous fungi apoptosis has particular advantages, which remained unrecognized until recent years. filamentous fungi, especially aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus fumigatus, are expected to become new model spec ...	2008	18590245
heterotrimeric g protein mediated regulation of proteinase production in aspergillus nidulans.	extracellular proteinase production induced by carbon starvation was studied in a series of heterotrimeric g protein signaling pathway mutants of aspergillus nidulans. all the mutants tested--including deltafada (galpha), deltasfad (gbeta), deltagpga (ggamma) and deltasfga (regulator of fada signaling)--showed an elevated proteinase production after glucose depletion. our results strongly support the view that during growth, fada/sfad/gpga g protein signaling inhibits proteinase production via b ...	2008	18595316
lactose and d-galactose catabolism in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans.	the disaccharide lactose is a byproduct of cheese production accumulating to amounts of 800,000 tons per year worldwide, of which 15% is used as a carbon source for various microbial fermentations. nevertheless, little is known about the regulation of its metabolism in filamentous fungi. lactose is metabolized slowly, and some important fungi such as a. niger cannot use it at all. a more detailed knowledge on the rate-limiting steps would be helpful to improve its industrial application. we have ...	2008	18595317
two gdp-mannose transporters contribute to hyphal form and cell wall integrity in aspergillus nidulans.	in order to identify novel genes affecting cell wall integrity, we have generated mutant strains of the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans that show hypersensitivity to the chitin-binding agent calcofluor white (cfw). affected loci are designated cal loci. the phenotype of one of these alleles, cali11, also includes shortened hyphal compartments and increased density of branching in the absence of cfw, as well as reduced staining of cell walls by the lectin fitc-concanavalin a (cona), which ...	2008	18599832
structural analysis of the recognition of the negative regulator nmra and dna by the zinc finger from the gata-type transcription factor area.	amongst the most common protein motifs in eukaryotes are zinc fingers (zfs), which, although largely known as dna binding modules, also can have additional important regulatory roles in forming protein:protein interactions. area is a transcriptional activator central to nitrogen metabolism in aspergillus nidulans. area contains a gata-type zf that has a competing dual recognition function, binding either dna or the negative regulator nmra. we report the crystal structures of three area zf-nmra c ...	2008	18602114
aspergillus fumigatus rasa regulates asexual development and cell wall integrity.	the ras family of proteins is a large group of monomeric gtpases. members of the fungal ras family act as molecular switches that transduce signals from the outside of the cell to signaling cascades inside the cell. a. fumigatus rasa is 94% identical to the essential rasa gene of aspergillus nidulans and is the ras family member sharing the highest identity to ras homologs studied in many other fungi. in this study, we report that rasa is not essential in a. fumigatus, but its absence is associa ...	2008	18606827
basic-zipper-type transcription factor flbb controls asexual development in aspergillus nidulans.	the fungal colony is a complex multicellular unit consisting of various cell types and functions. asexual spore formation (conidiation) is integrated through sensory and regulatory elements into the general morphogenetic plan, in which the activation of the transcription factor brla is the first determining step. a number of early regulatory elements acting upstream of brla (flug and flba-e) have been identified, but their functional relations remain to be further investigated. in this report we ...	2008	17993569
expression of the fluorescence markers dsred and gfp fused to a nuclear localization signal in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus intraradices.	here, arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi were monitored in vivo introducing the fluorescent reporters dsred and gfp (green fluorescent protein) in glomus intraradices using a biolistic approach and agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. both reporter genes were fused to the nuclear localization signal of the aspergillus nidulans transcription factor stua to target fluorescence to nuclei. expression of dsred was driven by two glomus mosseae promoters highly expressed during early symbi ...	2008	17995919
apical sterol-rich membranes are essential for localizing cell end markers that determine growth directionality in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans.	in filamentous fungi, hyphal extension depends on the continuous delivery of vesicles to the growing tip. here, we describe the identification of two cell end marker proteins, teaa and tear, in aspergillus nidulans, corresponding to tea1 and mod5 in schizosaccharomyces pombe. deletion of teaa or tear caused zig-zag-growing and meandering hyphae, respectively. the kelch-repeat protein teaa, the putatively prenylated tear protein, and the formin sepa were highly concentrated in the spitzenkörper, ...	2008	18003978
nitrite transport is mediated by the nitrite-specific high-affinity nita transporter and by nitrate transporters nrta, nrtb in aspergillus nidulans.	disruption of the aspergillus nidulans high-affinity nitrate transporter genes (nrta and nrtb) prevents growth on nitrate but not nitrite. we identified a distinct nitrite transporter (k(m)=4.2+/-1 microm, v(max)=168+/-21 nmolmg(-1)dw(-1)h(-1)), designated nita. disruption of nrta, nrtb and nita blocked growth on nitrite, despite low rates of nitrite depletion we ascribe to passive nitrous acid permeation. growth of the single mutant nita16 on nitrite was wild-type, suggesting that nrta and/or n ...	2008	18024100
the aspergillus nidulans enzyme tdib catalyzes prenyltransfer to the precursor of bioactive asterriquinones.	the asterriquinones represent a class of ascomycete metabolic products whose significance stems from remarkable and useful pharmacological activities, among those antiretroviral (e.g., against the hi-virus), antitumor, and antidiabetes properties. recently, the first genetic locus for an asterriquinone, the clustered terrequinone genes tdia-e, was identified during a genome-wide screen in aspergillus nidulans for "orphan" natural product biosynthesis loci. here, we describe overexpression and ch ...	2008	18029206
overexpression of the plg1 gene encoding pectin lyase in penicillium griseoroseum.	the pectin lyase (pl) is an industrially important enzyme since it is used for maceration and clarification in the process of fruit juice production in food industries. in order to increase the yields of pectin lyase we cloned the plg1 (pectin lyase 1) from penicillium griseoroseum gene under the control of the strong constitutive promoter of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (gpda) and the terminator region of the tryptophan synthetase (trpc) gene from aspergillus nidulans (plas ...	2008	18030511
characterization of active site variants of xanthine hydroxylase from aspergillus nidulans.	xanthine/alpha-ketoglutarate (alphakg) dioxygenase (xana) is a non-heme mononuclear fe(ii) enzyme that decarboxylates alphakg to succinate and co(2) while hydroxylating xanthine to generate uric acid. in the absence of a xana crystal structure, a homology model was used to target several putative active site residues for mutagenesis. wild-type xana and ten enzyme variants were purified from recombinant escherichia coli cells and characterized. the h149a and d151a variants were inactive and the h ...	2008	18036331
mating type protein mat1-2 from asexual aspergillus fumigatus drives sexual reproduction in fertile aspergillus nidulans.	the lack of an experimentally amenable sexual genetic system in aspergillus fumigatus is a major limitation in the study of the organism's pathogenesis. a recent comparative genome analysis revealed evidence for potential sexuality in a. fumigatus. homologs of mating type genes as well as other genes of the "sexual machinery" have been identified in anamorphic a. fumigatus. the mat1-2 gene encodes a homolog of mata, an hmg box mating transcriptional factor (mat(hmg)) that regulates sexual develo ...	2008	18245277