Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| spermicidal activity in vitro of bark extract of azadirachta indica in rats. | ethanolic extract of bark of azadirachta indica showed potent spermicidal activity when tested on rat spermatozoa in vitro. when the extract was applied in 1:1 and 1:2 ratio at tree different concentration using wet drop method, cent percent mortality of spermatozoa was observed within 10 seconds. 10% concentration of the extract was considered as an effective dose. | 2000 | 22557001 |
| potential of combining neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) seed oil with varietal resistance for the management of the cowpea bruchid, callosobruchus maculatus (f.). | the efficacy of different rates (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/5 g seed) of application of neem (azadirachta indica) seed oil (nso) was assessed on four cowpea varieties (kanannado, it89kd-391, borno brown and it89kd-374) with differing susceptibilities to callosobruchus maculatus. the different rates of nso significantly interacted with cowpea varietal resistance and reduced oviposition and percentage adult emergence of c. maculatus. the interaction of the strategies also significantly reduced percenta ... | 2000 | 10758260 |
| effect of fatty acids and oils on photodegradation of azadirachtin-a. | azadirachtin-a on exposure to uv-light (254 nm) as a thin film on glass surface gave a isomerised (z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate product. half-life of azadirachtin-a as thin film under uv light was found to be 48 min. azadirachtin-a was irradiated along with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and fatty oils under ultra-violet light as thin film. saturated fatty acid increased the rate of photodegradation of azadirachtin-a, whereas unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic, linoleic and elaidic acid re ... | 2000 | 10874625 |
| greens persuade europe to revoke patent on neem tree... | 2000 | 10830934 | |
| glutaraldehyde crosslinked sodium alginate beads containing liquid pesticide for soil application. | this paper presents experimental results on the successful encapsulation of a natural liquid pesticide 'neem (azadirachta indica a. juss.) seed oil' hereafter designated as nso, using sodium alginate (na-alg) as a controlled release (cr) polymer after crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (ga). the nso-containing beads have been prepared by changing the experimental variables such as the extent of crosslinking and the amount of loading in order to optimize the process variables. the absence of chemic ... | 2000 | 10640583 |
| field evaluation of herbal mosquito repellents. | repellent properties of zanthoxylum armatum dc. syn. z. alatum roxb. (timur), curcuma aromatica (jungli haldi) and azadirachta indica (neem) oils were evaluated against mosquitoes in mustard (brassica sp.) and coconut (cocos sp.) oil base and compared with synthetic repellent. dimethyl phthalate (dmp) as standard. timur and jungli haldi afforded better protection in the both the base at all the concentrations. tepellents in mustard oil gave longer protection time than those in coconut oil. at 0. ... | 1999 | 10937301 |
| the antimicrobial effects of extracts of azadirachta indica (neem) and salvadora persica (arak) chewing sticks. | chewing sticks (miswak) is most commonly used int he middle east and indian subcontinent salvadora persica (arak) and azadirachta indica (neem) are commonly used as oral hygiene tools in different parts of the world, several studies have demonstrated the anti-plaque anticarious and antibacterial effect of these sticks. the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of antimicrobial activity of neem and arak chewing stick's aqueous extracts at various concentrations. the microbial inhibit ... | 1999 | 10865390 |
| effect of azadirachta indica leaves on rat spermatozoa. | histochemical studies and sem observations on the morphological changes in the head of the spermatozoa in general, and the acrosome in particular, in a. indica treated rats are reported. in the treated rats change in the shape and size of the sperm head, with a dorso-ventral constriction of the middle region of the sperm head i.e., between the anterior and posterior regions was observed. it was rather difficult to differentiate the outer acrosomal and outer plasma membranes. a decrease in the pe ... | 1999 | 10865894 |
| neem (azadirachta indica) extract as an antibacterial agent against fish pathogenic bacteria. | aquaneem, an emulsified product prepared from the neem (a. indica) kernel was tested against four pathogenic bacteria of fish (i.e. aeromonas hydrophila, pseudomonas fluorescens, escherichia coli and myxobacteria spp.) to test its efficacy as an antibacterial agent. growth inhibitory property of the product at 10, 15 and 20 ppm has been noticed and recorded. the percentage reduction of bacterial cell population was noted to be maximum on 9th day at 20 ppm concentration (i.e. 70.14%, 74.15% and 6 ... | 1999 | 10783742 |
| chemistry of the neem tree (azadirachta indica a. juss.). | 1999 | 10592761 | |
| early post implantation contraceptive effects of a purified fraction of neem (azadirachta indica) seeds, given orally in rats: possible mechanisms involved. | neem seed and leaf extracts have immunomodulators that induce cellular immune reactions. these aspects of neem were exploited in earlier studies, where the oral administration of the neem seed extracts in rodents and primates could completely abrogate pregnancy at an early post implantation stage. complete restoration of fertility was observed in the animals treated in the subsequent cycles. for the purpose of using neem as a long term contraceptive, an activity guided fractionation, followed by ... | 1999 | 10617063 |
| a comparative evaluation of some blood sugar lowering agents of plant origin. | a comparison of blood sugar lowering activity of four important medicinal plants (azadirachta indica, gymnema sylvestre, catharanthus roseus and ocimum sanctum) were carried out against normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat models. the plant extracts decreased the blood sugar level in varying degrees. blood sugar lowering unit (blu) of activity of each leaf extract and tolbutamide was calculated by ed50 values. statistical analysis revealed significant (p < 0.05) variation among the tre ... | 1999 | 10617074 |
| possible mechanism of antihyperglycemic effect of azadirachta indica leaf extract: part v. | effect of azadirachta indica leaf extract on serotonin inhibition in glucose mediated insulin release in rat pancreas was studied in vitro to elucidate the possible mechanism of antihyperglycemic effect of a. indica leaf extract. a. indica leaf extract blocks significantly (p < 0.05) the inhibitory effect of serotonin on insulin secretion mediated by glucose. | 1999 | 10617075 |
| prolonged murine genotoxic effects of crude extracted from neem. | oral administration of a crude ethanol extract of the leaves of neem (azadirachta indica a juss) to adult swiss albino mice for 7 days at 5 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg/10 g bw/day significantly increased the incidence of structural and mitosis disruptive changes in metaphase chromosomes of bone marrow cells on days 8, 15 and 35th of observation. it is proposed that one or other of the many constituents of the extract, along with genera free radicals, interfered with dna to yield chromosome strand breakag ... | 1999 | 10189960 |
| antiplasmodial activity of selected sudanese medicinal plants with emphasis on maytenus senegalensis (lam.) exell. | the antiplasmodial activity of plant extracts related to four families was tested on chloroquine sensitive strain 3d7 and chloroquine resistant strain dd2 of plasmodium falciparum. the methanolic extract of harrisonia abyssinica (simaroubaceae) inhibited dd2 with ic50 value of 4.7 microg/ml, while in 3d7, the ic50 value was 10 microg/ml. most of the plants from the family meliaceae showed highly potent antiplasmodial activity against the two tested strains. khaya senegalensis, azadirachta indica ... | 1999 | 10363837 |
| effect of an aqueous extract of azadirachta indica on the immune response in mice. | because of the very wide spectrum of infectious and non-infectious diseases for which preparations from azadirachta indica are said to be efficacious, it was suspected that a general immunopotentiating ability could be part of the mechanisms by which it ameliorates so many disease conditions. using the haemolytic plaque technique, an aqueous extract of azadirachta indica stem bark was shown to enhance the immune response of balb/c mice to sheep red blood cells in vivo. | 1999 | 10396765 |
| performance of broiler chicks fed on diets containing urea ammoniated neem (azadirachta indica) kernel cake. | 1. the performance, nutrient utilisation, blood profile, carcase composition, gross pathology and sensory evaluation of meat from broiler chicks fed from 3 to 42 d on diets containing urea ammoniated neem (azadirachta indica, a.juss) kernel cake (nkc) as a protein supplement to replace peanut meal (pnm), were evaluated. nkc was ammoniated with urea at 15 (uankc 1) or 25 g (uankc 2)/kg and incorporated into the test diets to replace either half (134.5 g/kg (l-uankc 1) and 127.5 g/kg (l-uankc 2), ... | 1999 | 10405039 |
| activity and biological effects of neem products against arthropods of medical and veterinary importance. | botanical insecticides are relatively safe and degradable, and are readily available sources of biopesticides. the most prominent phytochemical pesticides in recent years are those derived from neem trees, which have been studied extensively in the fields of entomology and phytochemistry, and have uses for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. the neem products have been obtained from several species of neem trees in the family meliaceae. six species in this family have been the subject of botanical ... | 1999 | 10412110 |
| treatment of psoroptic mange with reference to epidemiology and history. | treatment methods in the last century involved the use of substances such as sulphur, mercury, hellebore, arsenic, nicotine and others, applied in various ways. the advent of dips in 1843 signalled an advance. however, the biology of the mite, psoroptes ovis, the epidemiology of sheep scab and the lack of persistence of the acaricides necessitated repeated laborious treatments to ensure success. in 1947 this changed with the use of organo chlorines (ocs) which had up to 3 months residual activit ... | 1999 | 10423001 |
| toxic and growth retarding effects of three plant extracts on culex pipiens larvae (diptera: culicidae). | the toxic and/or development retarding effects on culex pipiens mosquito larvae by methanol and ether extracts of azadirachta indica, rhazya stricta and syzygium aromaticum were investigated separately. all were found to show biological activity, however, the methanol extracts showed the most profound effects. r. stricta showed marked acute (2 d) and chronic (10 d) toxic effects, having an lc(50) and 95% cl of 251(209-326) and 140(110-178); 467(416-699) and 211(198-421) ppm, for the methanol and ... | 1999 | 10441777 |
| sub-chronic effect of neem based pesticide (vepacide) on acetylcholinesterase and atpases in rat. | acetylcholinesterases (ache), na(+)-k+, mg2+ and ca(2+)-atpases were monitored in rat brain when treated orally with 80, 160 and 320 mg/kg of vepacide, an active ingredient from neem seed oil, daily for 90 days. brain ache, na(+)-k+ and ca(2+)-atpases were inhibited whereas mg(2+)-atpase levels were enhanced in both the sexes after 45 and 90 days of treatment. the relative sensitivities of these atpases to vepacide indicated that ca(2+)-atpase being more sensitive than na(+)-k(+)-atpase in both ... | 1999 | 10466107 |
| toxicity of neem seed oil (azadiracta indica) against the larvae of amblyomma variegatum a three-host tick in cattle. | the in vitro toxicity of neem seed oil (azadiracta indica, family: meliaceae, 'dogon yaro' in hausa -language) was tested against the larvae of a three-host tick, amblyomma variegatum (family: ixodidae or hard tick) parasitic to cattle commonly found in nigeria. undiluted neem oil (100% concentration) was found to kill all (100% mortality) the larvae after 48 h. the toxicity was concentration and time dependent. | 1999 | 10479769 |
| 'in vitro' antiviral activity of neem (azadirachta indica. a. juss) leaf extract against group b coxsackieviruses. | the antiviral and virucidal effect of methanolic extract fraction of leaves of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) (ncl-11) was studied regarding its activity and possible mechanism of action against coxsackie b group of viruses. ncl-11 inhibited plaque formation in 6 antigenic types of coxsackie virus b at a concentration of 1000 micrograms/ml at 96 hrs. 'in vitro'. additionally virus inactivation, yield reduction and effect of time of addition assays suggested that ncl-11 was most effective agai ... | 1999 | 10810594 |
| in vitro evaluation on inhibitory nature of some neem formulations against plant pathogenic fungi. | different neem formulations derived from the neem tree (azadirachta indica) have been found to be potential fungicides against a broad spectrum of plant pathogenic fungi. some neem formulations viz. achook (0.15% ec), bioneem (0.03% ec), nimbecidine (0.03% ec) and neemark (0.03% ec) were examined against some plant pathogenic fungi such as (fusarium oxysporum, alternaria solani, curvularia lunata, helminthosporium sp. and sclerotium rolfsii). among these achook (0.15% ec) was found to be more ac ... | 1999 | 12024976 |
| chemopreventive potential of neem (azadirachta indica) on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba) induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. | the inhibitory effect of the aqueous extract of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss.) on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba) induced buccal pouch carcinogenesis was investigated in syrian male hamsters. all hamsters painted on their buccal pouch with dmba for 14 weeks developed squamous cell carcinoma. administration of neem leaf extract effectively suppressed oral carcinogenesis initiated with dmba as revealed by the reduced incidence of neoplasms. lipid peroxidation, glutathione (gsh) content a ... | 1999 | 10619383 |
| effects of neem products containing azadirachtin on blood feeding, fecundity, and survivorship of culex tarsalis and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | when late 3rd or early 4th-instar larvae of culex tarsalis coquillett and culex quinquefasciatus say mosquitoes were treated with sublethal dosages of neem insecticide until pupation, the blood-feeding activity of the resulting adults was essentially the same as that of untreated controls. in contrast, blood-feeding activity was suppressed when newly emerged adults were fed continuously on 10 parts per million (ppm) or 50 ppm azadirachtin (az) in 10% sucrose solution for seven days. fecundity wa ... | 1999 | 10672550 |
| extraction of azadirachtin a from neem seed kernels by supercritical fluid and its evaluation by hplc and lc/ms. | a new supercritical extraction methodology was applied to extract azadirachtin a (aza-a) from neem seed kernels. supercritical and liquid carbon dioxide (co(2)) were used as extractive agents in a three-separation-stage supercritical pilot plant. subcritical conditions were tested too. comparisons were carried out by calculating the efficiency of the pilot plant with respect to the milligrams per kilogram of seeds (ms/mo) of aza-a extracted. the most convenient extraction was gained using an ms/ ... | 1999 | 10606604 |
| extraction and colorimetric determination of azadirachtin-related limonoids in neem seed kernel. | a colorimetric method was developed for the determination of total azadirachtin-related limonoids (azrl) in neem seed kernel extracts. the method employed acidified vanillin solution in methanol for the colorization of the standard azadirachtin or neem seed kernel extracts in dichloromethane. through the investigation of various factors influencing the sensitivity of detection, such as the concentration of vanillin, acid, and the time required for the formation of color, optimum conditions were ... | 1999 | 10552715 |
| stabilization of azadirachtin a in neem formulations: effect of some solid carriers, neem oil, and stabilizers. | formulation of azadirachtin a on attapulgite, kaolinite, fuller's earth, hydrated calcium silicate, and fly ash revealed that it degraded to the tune of 70-95% on different solid carriers as compared to 56% in neem oil, during the 14 day heat storage studies at 54 +/- 1 degrees c in the laboratory. the degradation was reduced by 26-60% on different carriers by employing either anthraquinone or epichlorohydrin as stabilizer. pyrogallol and hydroquinone enhanced the degradation. the cation exchang ... | 1999 | 10564046 |
| rapid preconcentration method for the determination of azadirachtin-a and -b, nimbin and salannin in neem oil samples by using graphitised carbon solid phase extraction. | a simple and rapid method involving solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography for the determination of azadirachtin-a and -b, nimbin and salannin at nanogram levels in neem oil samples is presented. the neem oil samples are defatted and the compounds of interest extracted by mixing the sample with hexane and passing the hexane solution through a graphitised carbon black column. after washing the column with 2 ml of hexane, azadirachtin-a and -b, nimbin and salannin are eluted with 5 ml of ... | 1999 | 10563041 |
| coating of prilled urea with neem (azadirachta indica juss) oil for efficient nitrogen use in rice | a field study made with rice at the indian agricultural research institute, new delhi, showed that coating urea with neem oil, neem cake or neem oil microemulsion improved rice growth and resulted in more grain and straw than did commercial prilled urea. | 1999 | 10551949 |
| acute lethal and sublethal effects of a neem-based insecticide on nontarget aquatic insects in stream channels. | 1999 | 10475915 | |
| two novel azadirachtin derivatives from azadirachta indica | two novel compounds, the first 29-oxymethylene azadirachtin analogue, 29-oxymethylene-11- demethoxycarbonyl-11alpha-hydroxyazadirachtin (azadirachtin m) (1) and 22, 23-dihydro-23alpha-hydroxy-3-tigloyl-11-deoxyazadirachtinin (azadirachtin n) (2), together with known compound 11-epi-azadirachtin h were isolated from a methanolic extract of the seed kernels of azadirachta indica. the structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of spectral methods. | 1999 | 10425132 |
| triterpenoids of the fruit coats of azadirachta indica | three new triterpenoids, azadironolide [24,25,26, 27-tetranorapoeupha-7alpha-acetoxy-23xi-hydroxy-21,23-epoxy-1,14, 20(22)-trien-3,21-dione] (1), isoazadironolide [24,25,26, 27-tetranorapoeupha-7alpha-acetoxy-21xi-hydroxy-21,23-epoxy-1,14, 20(22)-trien-3,23-dione] (2), and azadiradionolide [24,25,26, 27-tetranorapoeupha-7alpha-acetoxy-21,23-epoxy-1,14,20(22)-trien-3, 16,21-trione] (3), were isolated from the fresh fruit coats of azadirachta indica. their structures have been elucidated through s ... | 1999 | 10425127 |
| preparation and evaluation of tincture of azadirachta indica a. juss. leaves. | different strength of alcohol 40.50,60,70,80,90 per cent (v/v) and absolute were utilized for the preparation of tincture of azadirachta indica a. juss leaves by maceration for 7, 14,21 days. 60 per cent tincture produced after 21 says of maceration showed a maximum solid content of 1.425 per cent (v/v) and sowed ph 3.15. this tincture was characterized by studying is various physico-chmicla properties along wit its thin-layer chromatographic characteristics. | 1999 | 22556923 |
| antifertility efficacy of neem bark (azadirachta indica a.juss.) in male rats. | subcutaneous treatment of 50% etoh extract of neem bark (azadirachta indica a. juss) to male rats at the dose of 10 mg for 30 days caused arrest of spermatogenesis. the diameter of serminiferous tubule, leydig cell nucleus and epithelial heights of epididymides were significantly reduced (p≤0.001). sperm motility and density were significantly reduced. reduced testicular and accessory organ protein, sialic acid and vesicular fructose content manifested arrest of spermatogenesis and depletion of ... | 1999 | 22556912 |
| plant products used as mosquito repellents in guinea bissau, west africa. | by standardized interviews of people in 23 rural villages, in the oio region of guinea bissau, we collected data on which plant species and plant derived products or methods people use to reduce mosquito biting activity. the following plants were used to reduce numbers of mosquitoes indoors at night: fresh or smouldering hyptis suaveolens poit. (lamiaceae), smoke of the bark of daniellia oliveri rolfe (caesalpiniaceae), smoke of the infructescence of elaeis guineensis jacq. (arecaceae), smoke of ... | 1999 | 9924960 |
| variation in net photosynthesis, stomatal characteristics, leaf area and whole-plant phytomass production among ten provenances of neem (azadirachta indica). | variation in net photosynthesis, co(2) exchange parameters, stomatal characteristics, leaf area and seedling dry weight were investigated among 10 provenances of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss.). significant provenance variation was established for net photosynthesis (8.14 to 15.13 &mgr;mol m(-2) s(-1)), stomatal conductance (0.37 to 0.59 mol m(-2) s(-1)), stomatal density (145 to 204 mm(-2)), and total guard cell length (2681 to 3873 &mgr;m). net photosynthesis was positively correlated with ... | 1999 | 12651331 |
| evaluation of ash from some tropical plants of nigeria for the control of sclerotium rolfsii sacc. on wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | eleven ash samples, from organs of nine tropical plants, were screened for their abilities to inhibit mycelial growth and sclerotial germination of a nigerian isolate of sclerotium rolfsii on agar and in the soil. ten ash samples showed some activity against mycelial growth of s. rolfsii in vitro. ash samples from delonix regia stem wood, mangifera indica leaf and vernonia amygdalina leaf were most effective as each totally inhibited mycelial growth of s. rolfsii in vitro. ocimum gratissimum lea ... | 1998 | 16284852 |
| isolation of antioxidant principle from azadirachta seed kernels: determination of its role on plant lipoxygenases. | an antioxidant principle was isolated from azadirachta indica seed using high pressure liquid chromatography with a hydrophobic reverse-phase chromatography column. the eluted molecule had lambdamax at 224 and 272 nm and was a potent inhibitor of plant lipoxygenases. in in vivo studies of horsegram during germination, low levels of lipoxygenase activity and lipid peroxides were found upon treatment with the azadirachta extract. the antioxidant property of azadirachta indica has not been previous ... | 1998 | 10520761 |
| morphological and oil content variation in seeds of azadirachta indica a. juss. (neem) from northern and western provenances of india. | seed morphology (seed length and 20 seed weight) and oil content was studied in azadirachta indica a. juss. (neem) of five provenances of northern and western india. trees with wide ranges of girths were considered for study. maximum average oil content was observed in trees from hisar provenance. seed oil content in most of the provenances was not consistently and significantly correlated with morphological parameters of seeds. age of the tree had no significant effect on the oil yield. | 1998 | 10426116 |
| inhibition of the growth and development of asexual and sexual stages of drug-sensitive and resistant strains of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum by neem (azadirachta indica) fractions. | neem (azadirachta indica) has been shown to possess anti-malarial activity. in this study we systematically evaluated extracts of neem seeds and purified fractions further enriched in polar or non-polar constituents for their effect on in vitro growth and development of asexual and sexual stages of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. use of synchronized stages of parasites suggested trophozoites/schizonts as the susceptible target stages to various neem extracts. in addition, all t ... | 1998 | 9687079 |
| in vitro antiplasmodial activity of stem and root extracts of nauclea latifolia s.m. (rubiaceae). | aqueous extracts from nauclea latifolia s.m. (rubiaceae), a plant commonly used in ivory coast by traditional healers for the treatment of malaria, were tested on two strains of plasmodium faliparum: fcb1-colombia (chloroquine-resistant) and a nigerian strain (chloroquine-sensitive). the extracts were obtained from stems and roots of the plant in two forms, infusion and decoction, both methods used by most traditional healers. the in vitro activity of n. latifolia extracts on p. falciparum was a ... | 1998 | 9705007 |
| possible biochemical mode of anti-inflammatory action of azadirachta indica a. juss. in rats. | the water soluble part of alcoholic extract of a. indica leaves at a dose of 200 mg/kg, p.o., exerted significant antiinflammatory activity in cotton pellet granuloma assay in rats. the extract also inhibited significantly the biochemical parameters (viz. dna, rna, lipid peroxide, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase) studied in cotton pellet exudate. | 1998 | 9717455 |
| the toxicity of margosan-o, a product of neem seeds, to selected target and nontarget aquatic invertebrates | margosan-o, an insecticide formulated from extracts of neem tree (azadirachta indica) seed kernels, besides being toxic, also has feeding, oviposition-deterring, and growth-inhibitory effects on insects. this product, registered in the united states for ornamental plants, has been proposed for food crop use. however, little information exists on its effects on aquatic organisms. this study investigated toxicity of margosan-o to the mosquito culex spp., a possible target species, and to nontarget ... | 1998 | 9732473 |
| neem (azadirachta indica) kernel meal in the diet of white leghorn layers. | 1. neem kernel meal (nkm) was incorporated into a standard layer diet at 0, 100, 150 and 200 g/kg, replacing parts of the soyabean meal and deoiled rice bran. each diet was offered to 18 white leghorn layers (25 weeks, 50% egg production) in individual cages for a period of 12 weeks. 2. results indicated significantly lower food intakes (p < 0.01), rates of egg production and egg weights in birds fed on the diets with nkm at 150 and 200 g/kg. fertility and hatchability were also adversely affect ... | 1998 | 9925318 |
| immunopotentiating effects of azadirachta indica (neem) dry leaves powder in broilers, naturally infected with ibd virus. | effects of feeding of powdered dry leaves of a. indica (ai) were investigated on humoral and cell mediated immune responses, in a flock of broilers which had survived an outbreak of infectious bursal disease (ibd). ai (2 g/kg) treatment significantly enhanced the antibody titres against new castle disease virus (ncdv) antigen and also potentiated the inflammatory reactions to 1. chloro-2,4-di- nitro benzene (dncb) inskin contact test. the results indicate that ai could be beneficial in immunosup ... | 1998 | 10085786 |
| antibacterial activity of east african medicinal plants. | in an ethnopharmacological survey, extracts of the six east african medicinal plants entada abyssinica (stem bark), terminalia spinosa (young branches), harrisonia abyssinica (roots), ximenia caffra (roots), azadirachta indica (stem bark and leaves), and spilanthes mauritiana (roots and flowers) were tested against 105 strains of bacteria from seven genera (staphylococcus, enterococcus, pseudomonas, escherichia, klebsiella, salmonella, mycobacterium). the minimum inhibitory concentration reached ... | 1998 | 9533435 |
| effects of azadirachtin on ctenocephalides felis in the dog and the cat. | azadirachtin-containing neem seed extract is a powerful insect growth regulator, a feeding deterrent and repellent with low toxicity. unfortunately, azadirachtin degrades rapidly in light, excessive heat or alkalinity. evaluations of azadirachtin on ectoparasites on animals have been scarce. the purpose of this work was to describe the effects of normal and potentiated azadirachtin on ctenocephalides felis in the dog or cat. groups of kennelled greyhounds and domestic cats infested with c. felis ... | 1998 | 9561713 |
| immunocontraceptive activity guided fractionation and characterization of active constituents of neem (azadirachta indica) seed extracts. | a novel approach for immunocontraception by intervention of local cell mediated immunity in the reproductive system by using single intrauterine application of neem oil has been described earlier. the reversible block in fertility was reported to last for 107-180 days in female wistar rats (upadhyay et al., 1990. antifertility effects of neem oil by single intrauterine administration: a novel method of contraception. proceedings of the royal society of london b 242, 175-180) and 7-11 months in m ... | 1998 | 9613837 |
| ethnoveterinary medicines used for ruminants in trinidad and tobago. | ethnoveterinary research was conducted in trinidad and tobago in 1995, in order to document existing ethnoveterinary practices. this paper describes 20 medicinal plants used to treat ruminants. the main plants used were azadirachta indica and curcuma longa. medicinal plants were used predominantly for endoparasites, internal and external injuries and pregnancy-related conditions. a 4-stage process was used to conduct the research and document the ethnoveterinary practices. this documentation cou ... | 1998 | 9658442 |
| the effect of subacute administration of a neem pesticide on rat metabolic enzymes. | acute toxicity of a neem pesticide (vepacide-tech) was studied in male wistar rats by oral (single) intubation for 7 days. vepacide was found to be moderately toxic to rat based on ld50 value. subacute toxicity of vepacide-tech was also studied in male rats by oral (multiple) intubation of low (80 mg kg-1 day-1), medium (160 mg kg-1 day-1) and high dose (320 mg kg-1 day-1) for 90 days. high dose caused a significant decrease in cytochrome p-450 (cyt. p-450) concentration at 45 and 90 days and th ... | 1998 | 9674151 |
| effects of neem flowers, thai and chinese bitter gourd fruits and sweet basil leaves on hepatic monooxygenases and glutathione s-transferase activities, and in vitro metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens in rats. | the objectives of this study were to determine the effects of feeding of four vegetables commonly consumed in thailand, namely, flowers of the neem tree (azadirachta indica var. siamensis), fruits of thai and the chinese bitter gourd (momordica charantia linn.) and leaves of sweet basil (ocimum basilicum linn) on the levels of phase i enzymes, which include cytochrome p450 (p450), aniline hydroxylase (anh) and aminopyrine-n-demethylase (amd) as well as the capacity to activate the mutagenicities ... | 1998 | 9674955 |
| antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic potentials of some thai vegetables. | fifteen kinds of commonly consumed thai vegetables were sequentially extracted with hexane, chloroform and methanol, and then tested for antimutagenic activities against direct-acting (af-2 and nan3) and indirect-acting (afb1 and b(a)p) mutagens using ames' salmonella mutagenicity test with salmonella typhimurium ta100 as tester strain. it was found that only the methanol extract of neem leaves contain weak antimutagen inhibiting the mutagenicities of both direct-acting mutagens. interestingly, ... | 1998 | 9675301 |
| response and effect of two plant crude extracts on mosquito larvae culex pipiens. | the response and effect of two plant crude extract from dry damsissa (ambrosia maritima) and neem seeds (azadirachta indica) were tested against the first and third instar larvae of mosquito (culex pipiens). the results showed that both extracts had a larvicidal effect. neem seed extract was more toxic than damsissa extract against both the first and third instar larvae. in addition, the young larvae (first instar) were more susceptible to neem seeds than the old ones (third instar) as revealed ... | 1998 | 17217029 |
| efficacy of neem oil-water emulsion against mosquito immatures. | neem oil-water emulsion was used in mosquito breeding habitats to find out its larvicidal effect on immatures of different mosquito species. application of 5% neem oil-water emulsion @ 50 ml/sq m in pools and @ 100 ml/sq m in tanks resulted in 100% reduction of iii and iv instar larvae of an. stephensi after 24 h while, against cx. quinquefasciatus it was 51.6 and 91.2% reduction in the larval density after day 1 and 14 respectively. similarly, application of 10% emulsion in desert coolers again ... | 1998 | 10319557 |
| on the antifeedant and anthellmintic potential of anacardium occidentale l. | the antifeedant and anthelmintic activities of crude extracts of the shells of anacardium occidentale were studied by comparing it's activity with the activity of azadirachta indica a juss (kernel), a commercial standard. the test extracts of a. occidentale in petroleum ether, dichloromethane: methanol showed better activities compared to a. indica. to study the anthelmintic activity, the addition of piperine to the formulation significantly enhances the activity. the phytochemical investigation ... | 1998 | 22556881 |
| antifeedancy of neem products containing azadirachtin against culex tarsalis and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | in order to develop and utilize new botanical insecticides originating from neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) in mosquito control programs as a potential larvicide, the antifeedant activity of three formulations of neem against the larvae of culex tarsalis coquillett and culex quinquefasciatus say was investigated under laboratory conditions. a significant antifeedancy was indicated at 5 ppm and 10 ppm azadirachtin (az) for all formulations and both species. within the test concentration range o ... | 1998 | 9879068 |
| rapd profile variation amongst provenances of neem. | neem, described as a tree for solving global problems, is an evergreen, long-lived, multipurpose tree of the tropics with a wide distribution range in india. it is believed to be highly cross-pollinated. inter-provenance variations have been reported in neem in case of morphological and physiological characters. yet no reports about the genetic determinism for these variations are available to our knowledge. in order to have an idea about the extent and/or nature of genetic (dna) variation in ne ... | 1998 | 9739458 |
| ovicidal activity of neem products (azadirachtin) against culex tarsalis and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | bioactive compounds contained in the seed kernel and other parts of the neem tree (azadirachta indica a. juss) have been found to show insecticidal activities and other effects in many species of insects. these activities include antifeedancy, growth regulation, fecundity suppression, male sterility, oviposition repellency, changes in biological fitness such as loss of flying ability, immunodepression, enzyme inhibition, splitting of biological rhythms, and so forth. we investigated the ovicidal ... | 1998 | 9673924 |
| anti - inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of the root, bark and leaves of azadirachta indica. | azadirachta indica is a plant of varied uses in ayurveda since ancient times and is highly extolled by expert physicians and as well as practitioners of folk medicines. almost every part of the tree has long been used in folklore and traditional systems of medicine for the treatment of a variety of human ailments. the 50% acetone extract of the root, bark and leaves of a. indica sowed marked anti- inflammatory activity in carrageenan induced edema in rats, antimicrobial activity was also tested. | 1998 | 22556865 |
| chromatographic studies on a herb decoction. | argwadhadhi kwatham is a compound preparation of 3 single drugs viz cassia fistula l. azadirachta indica a., tinospora cordifolia l. literature survey show tat all3 ingredients are very effective for skin diseases. kahayams prepared individually with these 3 drugs was found to be more effective for skin dideases. this paper deals with a comparative study of the chemical constituents present in aragwadhadhi kwatham and the individual kwathams, all the four kwarham were chemically analysed t.l.c. ... | 1998 | 22556839 |
| immunomodulatory effects of nim-76, a volatile fraction from neem oil. | the immunomodulatory properties of nim-76 have been described in this paper. pre-treatment of rats with a single i.p. injection of nim-76 resulted in an increase in polymorphonuclear (pmn) leukocytes with a concomitant decrease in lymphocyte counts. the immunomodulatory activity of nim-76 was found to be concentration-dependent. at 120 mg/kg body weight, there was an enhanced macrophage activity and lymphocyte proliferation response, while the humoral component of immunity was unaffected. at hig ... | 1997 | 9032626 |
| effect of azadirachta indica hydroalcoholic leaf extract on the cardiovascular system. | 1. the effect of azadirachta indica hydroalcoholic leaf extract on the cardiovascular system was studied. 2. the leaf extract was found to reduce a dose-dependent hypotensive effect without altering the amplitude or rate of respiration. 3. in isolated frog heart, there was no noticeable change in amplitude of contraction or rate of the heart at lower doses of leaf extract. however, at higher doses, there was temporary cardiac arrest in diastole. 4. the results are discussed. | 1997 | 9068989 |
| plant immunomodulators for termination of unwanted pregnancy and for contraception and reproductive health. | neem (azadirachta indica) seed and leaf extracts have spermicidal, anti-microbial, anti-fungal and anti-viral properties. they are also immunomodulators that induce primarily a th1 type response. these properties are being exploited to develop two different useful methods of fertility control. neem extracts given orally at early post-implantation stage terminate pregnancy in rodents and primates. treatment has no residual permanent effect and fertility is regained in subsequent cycles. the mecha ... | 1997 | 9107574 |
| effects of the neem tree compounds azadirachtin, salannin, nimbin, and 6-desacetylnimbin on ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity. | the effects of azadirachtin, salannin, nimbin, and 6-desacetylnimbin on ecdysone 20-monooxygenase (e-20-m) activity were examined in three insect species. homogenates of wandering stage third instar larvae of drosophila melanogaster, or abdomens from adult female aedes aegypti, or fat body or midgut from fifth instar larvae of manduca sexta were incubated with radiolabeled ecdysone and increasing concentrations (from 1 x 10(-8) to 1 x 10(-3) m) of the four compounds isolated from seed kernels of ... | 1997 | 9131784 |
| antimalarial activity of tropical meliaceae extracts and gedunin derivatives. | extracts of 22 species of meliaceae were examined for antimalarial activity using in vitro tests with two clones of plasmodium falciparum, one sensitive to chloroquine (w2) and one chloroquine-resistant (d6). twelve extracts were found to have activity, including extracts of cedrela odorata wood and azadirachta indica leaves, which contained the limonoid gedunin. these extracts were more effective against the w2 clone than the d6 clone, suggesting there is no cross-resistance to chloroquine. ged ... | 1997 | 9134742 |
| induced termination of pregnancy by purified extracts of azadirachta indica (neem): mechanisms involved. | to develop a self-administered, orally delivered method for abrogation of early pregnancy. | 1997 | 9228306 |
| effects of azadirachta indica leaves on the seminal vesicles and ventral prostate in albino rats. | oral administration of 20, 40, 60, mg of dry azadirachta indica leaf powder for 24 days resulted in decrease in the weights of seminal vesicles and ventral prostate, reduction in epithelial height, nuclear diameter and the secretory material in the lumen. biochemically, there was a decrease in total protein, acid phosphatase activities. seminal vesicles and ventral prostate being androgen dependent, the regressive changes histologically as well as biochemically, suggests the antiandrogenic prope ... | 1997 | 10232767 |
| effects of stress on gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (ggt) activity in lymphoid system of rats: modulation by drugs. | effects of stress and its modulation by adaptogens were evaluated on gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (ggt) activity in different tissues of the lymphoid system in rats. restrain stress (rsx5) suppressed the ggt activity in different tissues of lymphoid system viz. the lymphocyte, the spleen, the thymus and the macrophage, and the maximum effect was seen in the spleen. chlordiazepoxide, a prototype anti-stress agent, which did not alter ggt activity per se, reversed the effect of rs on this enzyme ... | 1997 | 9332165 |
| tests of vaginal microbicides in the mouse genital herpes model. | microbicide candidates were selected that have demonstrated activity against sperm or sexually transmitted disease pathogens in vitro, and the efficacy of these agents for preventing vaginal transmission of genital herpes infection was evaluated in the progestin-treated mouse. each agent was delivered to the vaginas of mice approximately 20 sec prior to delivering a highly infectious herpes simplex virus-2 inoculum. the following agents provided significant protection: anti-hsv monoclonal antibo ... | 1997 | 9437563 |
| nontarget effects of neem-based insecticides on aquatic invertebrates. | neem-based insecticides are being investigated as alternatives to synthetic insecticides for the control of forest insect pests in canada. because the proposed use pattern against forest defoliators often necessitates spraying near shoreline areas, an assessment of adverse effects of neem on nontarget aquatic invertebrates was warranted. acute lethal effects of two neem-based formulations on eight species of macroinvertebrates were determined in flow-through screening tests at 10 times the expec ... | 1997 | 9126427 |
| an extracellular phosphatase from aspergillus fumigatus. | a potential producer of extracellular phosphatase has been isolated and identified as a. fumigatus. the fungal phosphatase is active in ph range 5 to 8 and its temperature optimum is 65 degrees c. the mineralisation of organic phosphates present in neem cake and press mud by this enzyme has been demonstrated. | 1996 | 9246922 |
| effect of azadirachta indica leaves on testis and its recovery in albino rats. | histological and biochemical changes in the testis of rats treated with the leaf powder of a. indica are reported. the pattern of recovery is also studied at 8, 16 and 24 day after withdrawal of the treatment. in the treated rats, a general reduction in the diameters of seminiferous tubule, nuclei of the germinal elements and a mass atrophy of the spermatogenic elements has been observed. the leydig cells are found to be atrophic. biochemically, a decrease in the protein content and the activity ... | 1996 | 9055629 |
| in vitro evaluation of medicinal plant extracts against pestalotiopsis mangiferae. | a serious leaf-spot disease of mangifera indica was noted during the last 10 years in satpura plateau of india. on the basis of characteristic symptoms and cultural characters, the pathogen was identified as pestalotiopsis mangiferae which is hitherto not reported from satpura plateau of india. screening of 17-medicinal plants against the test pathogen revealed 14 antimycotic whereas 3-plants, viz., argemone mexicana, caesalpinia bonducella, and casia fistula acclerated the growth of the pathoge ... | 1996 | 9676046 |
| cytotoxicity of nimbolide, epoxyazadiradione and other limonoids from neem insecticide. | neem seed preparations contain not only azadirachtin as the active insect antifeedant or growth regulator but also a variety of their limonoids, some of which are cytotoxic to n1e-115 neuroblastoma (mouse), 143b.tk- osteosarcoma (human) and sf9 (insect) cultured cell lines. the most potent of these limonoids is nimbolide with an ic50 ranging from 4 to 10 microm, and averaging 6 microm for the three cell lines. other limonoids of decreasing potency and their average ic50 values (microm) are epoxy ... | 1996 | 8622560 |
| in vitro antimalarial activity of vegetal extracts used in west african traditional medicine. | among strategies for the development of new antimalarials, a study of plants traditionally used in africa against malaria has been pursued. extracts obtained from the plants azadirachta indica, cinnamonum camphora, lippia multiflora, vernonia colorata, guiera senegalensis, combretum micranthum, and ximenia americana, commonly used in cote d'ivoire by native healers for the treatment of malaria, were tested on two strains of plasmodium falciparum: fcb1-colombia (chloroquine-resistant) and f32-tan ... | 1996 | 8651373 |
| the inhibiting effect of aqueous azadirachta indica (neem) extract upon bacterial properties influencing in vitro plaque formation. | the purpose of this investigation was to examine the inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts derived from the bark-containing sticks (neem stick) of azadirachta indica upon bacterial aggregation, growth, adhesion to hydroxyapatite, and production of insoluble glucan, which may affect in vitro plaque formation. neem stick extracts were screened for minimal bacterial growth inhibition (mic) against a panel of streptococci by means of a broth dilution assay. initial bacterial attachment was quantifi ... | 1996 | 8655780 |
| possible mechanism of antihyperglycemic effect of azadirachta indica leaf extract. part iv. | 1. effect of epinephrine on the increment index calculated from intravenous glucose tolerance tests and on hepatic glycogen before and after a. indica leaf extract treatment was studied in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rabbits. 2. a. indica leaf extract, in itself, was found to have no action on peripheral utilization of glucose or on hepatic glycogen. 3. the reduction in peripheral utilization of glucose and glycogenolytic effect due to epinephrine action was blocked by a. indica l ... | 1996 | 8723520 |
| purified neem (azadirachta indica) seed extracts (praneem) abrogate pregnancy in primates. | the use of neem (azadirachta indica) seed extracts (praneem) given orally for abrogation of pregnancy in subhuman primates is described. oral administration of praneem was initiated after confirmation of pregnancy using leydig cell bioassay estimating rising levels of chorionic gonadotropin (cg) in the blood from day 25 onwards of the cycle and continued for six days. termination of pregnancy was observed with the appearance of blood in the vaginal smears and decline in cg and progesterone. preg ... | 1996 | 8773426 |
| fungistatic and fungicidal activity of east african medicinal plants. | extracts of the traditionally used medicinal plants entada abyssinica (stem bark), terminalia spinosa (young branches), harrisonia abyssinica (roots), ximenia caffra (roots), azadirachta indica (stem bark), zanha africana (stem bark) and spilanthes mauritiana (roots and flowers) were investigated for fungistatic and fungicidal activity against candida spp. and aspergillus spp. by a microtitre serial dilution technique. entada abyssinica, t. spinosa, x. caffra, a. indica, and z. africana showed a ... | 1996 | 8786762 |
| termination of pregnancy in rodents by oral administration of praneem, a purified neem seed extract. | development of an orally administered abortifacient. | 1996 | 8789560 |
| the mitochondrial permeability transition: a new pathophysiological mechanism for reye's syndrome and toxic liver injury. | aspirin, neem oil, valproic, adipic, benzoic, isovaleric, 3-mercaptopropionic and 4-pentenoic acids are implicated in the pathogenesis of reye's syndrome, jamaican vomiting sickness, and related chemical toxicities. these disorders are characterized by hyperammonemia, hypoglycemia, microvesicular steatosis and encephalopathy. the goal of this study was to determine whether chemicals implicated in reye's-related disorders induce the mitochondrial permeability translation (mpt). the mpt is induced ... | 1996 | 8819478 |
| contraception potential of neem oil: effect on pregnancy success in the mouse. | the aim of this study was to find out the role and mechanism of action of neem oil as a postcoital fertility blocker in mouse. | 1996 | 8844316 |
| activity of east african medicinal plants against helicobacter pylori. | the activity of extracts from the east african medicinal plants entada abyssinica (stem bark), terminalia spinosa (young branches), harrisonia abyssinica (roots), ximenia caffra (roots), azadirachta indica (leaves and stem bark) and spilanthes mauritiana (roots and flowers) were evaluated against 12 strains of helicobacter pylori. the most active extracts were those derived from t. spinosa with an mic50 of 125 micrograms/ml, an mic90 of 250 micrograms/ml and an mic range of 62.5-500 micrograms/m ... | 1996 | 8874968 |
| minor and trace elemental determination in the indian herbal and other medicinal preparations. | medicinal plants described in the indian "ayurvedic" literature viz. tulsi (ocimum sanctum), gulvel (tinospora cardifolia), bitter neem (azadirachta indica), kanher (nerium andicum), vekhand (acorus calamus), and peacock's feather (ash) were analyzed for minor and trace elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis. the samples and the standards from the national institute of standards and technology, usa and iaea, vienna were irradiated for 5 min, 1 h, 5 h, and 10 h with thermal neutrons ... | 1996 | 8886311 |
| performance of broiler chicks fed on alkali-treated neem (azadirachta indica) kernel cake as a protein supplement. | 1. an experiment was conducted to evaluate growth and nutrient efficiency of broiler chicks from 3 to 42 d fed on diets containing alkali-treated neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) kernel cake (nkc) as a protein supplement in place of peanut meal (pnm). 2. nkc was treated with sodium hydroxide at 10 (ankc 1) or 20 g (ankc 2)/kg and incorporated into the test diets at 135 or 300 g/kg to replace 50 (low-l) or 100 (high-h)% of the pnm protein of the reference diet. 3. despite comparable retentions o ... | 1996 | 8894225 |
| use of neem cream as a mosquito repellent in tribal areas of central india. | 1996 | 8952174 | |
| mechanism of action of nim-76: a novel vaginal contraceptive from neem oil. | the present study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanism of spermicidal action of nim-76, a fraction isolated from neem oil. the spermicidal activity of nim-76 was confirmed using a fluorescent staining technique. nim-76 was found to affect the motility of the sperm in a dose-dependent manner. supplementation of pentoxifylline, which is known to enhance the motility of the sperm, could not prevent the spermicidal action of nim-76. there was a gradual leakage of cytosolic ldh from the sperm in ... | 1996 | 8968666 |
| preliminary evaluation of safety aspects of neem oil in kerosene lamp. | kerosene lamps containing one per cent neem oil were used for mosquito repellent action in a village near delhi. the safety aspects of this personal protection method developed by malaria research centre were evaluated by animal studies and clinical examination of population before and after exposure. single application of neem oil (1%) did not produce skin irritation in rabbits and adverse effect on guinea pigs after exposure to aerosol. clinical examination of 156 adults and 110 children did n ... | 1996 | 9014397 |
| effect of plant extracts and systemic fungicide on the pineapple fruit-rotting fungus, ceratocystis paradoxa. | antifungal activities of extracts of sixteen plants were tested against ceratocystis paradoxa which causes soft rot of pineapples. xanthium strumarium was the most effective followed by allium sativum. the effectiveness of various extracts against c. paradoxa was in the decreasing order of meriandra bengalensis, mentha piperita, curcuma longa, phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus, toona ciliata, vitex negundo, azadirachta indica, eupatorium birmanicum, ocimum sanctum and leucas aspera. extracts of cassia ... | 1996 | 9022263 |
| effect of volatiles from neem and other natural products on gonotrophic cycle and oviposition of anopheles stephensi and an. culicifacies (diptera: culicidae). | the gonotrophic cycle of female anopheles was impaired by exposure to volatiles of neem, (azadirachta indica), reetha, (sapindus mukorossi), and garlic, (allium sativum), but not to castor seeds and cotton seed oil. a brief exposure to contact or volatile extracts from neem suppressed rather than inhibited oviposition. complete inhibition of oviposition was observed by exposure of mosquitoes to neem oil and 1 fraction containing volatile components. vitellogenesis was impaired irreversably by lo ... | 1996 | 8742520 |
| effects of aqueous extract of deoiled neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) seed kernel and karanja (pongamia glabra vent) seed kernel against culex quinquefasciatus. | aqueous extract obtained from deoiled neem and karanja seed kernels (adnsd and adksk) were assessed for their toxic and growth regulating activities against cx quinquefaciatus treated as first instar larvae. adnsk at various concentrations was effective on the growth regulating mechanism, inducing prolonged larval stages. however, 100% larval mortality was observed, especially during the first and the second instars at all the tested concentrations. adksk caused 100% mortality in the fourth inst ... | 1996 | 9057450 |
| insect antifeedant and growth-regulating activities of salannin and other c-seco limonoids from neem oil in relation to azadirachtin. | the antifeedant and insect growth-regulating activities of salannin, nimbin, and 6-deacetylnimbin, in comparison with azadirachtin-a, have been studied againstspodoptera litura, pericallia ricini, andoxya fuscovittata. salannin deterred feeding, delayed molt by increasing larval duration, caused larval and pupal mortalities, and decreased pupal weights in the two lepidopterans. salannin also caused molt delays and nymphal mortalities inoxya fuscovittata. the role of salannin and other compounds ... | 1996 | 24226248 |
| modulation of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses by azadirachta indica (neem) in mice. | the effects of a. indica (ai, neem) were evaluated on tests of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses after 3 weeks of oral ai (leaf extract) treatment in ovalbumin immunized mice. at the dose levels tested, ai (10, 30 or 100 mg/kg), had no appreciable influence on different organ (liver, spleen, thymus)/body weight indices, when compared to controls. in tests for humoral immune responses, ai (100 mg/kg) treated mice had higher (1) igm and igg levels, and (b) anti-ovalbumin antibody titres, ... | 1996 | 8979510 |
| operational feasibility of malaria control by burning neem oil in kerosene lamp in beel akbarpur village, district ghaziabad, india. | a field trial in beel akbarpur village, dadri phc, district ghaziabad (u.p.) was carried out to test the impact of burning neem oil in kerosene lamp from dusk-to-dawn in living rooms on vector populations and incidence of malaria. results revealed that burning 1% neem oil in kerosene lamps resulted in the deviation of an. culicifacies from living rooms to cattlesheds. this was also reflected when malaria incidence was compared in experimental and control villages. cases/000 and pf/000 were 1.03 ... | 1996 | 8952172 |
| molluscicidal activity of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss). | molluscicidal property of azadirachta indica a. juss (neem) against the snails lymnaea acuminata and indoplanorbis exustus was studied. it was observed that the molluscicidal activity of the leaf, bark, cake, neem oil and the neem-based pesticides, achook and nimbecidine, was both time- and dose-dependent. the toxic effect of pure azadirachtin against both the snails was greater than the synthetic molluscicides. | 1996 | 8733117 |
| evaluation of the acute toxicity to juvenile pacific northwest salmon of azadirachtin, neem extract, and neem-based products. | 1996 | 8825966 | |
| control of mosquito breeding using wood scrapings treated with neem oil. | wood scrapings were given shape of a ball and soaked in 5, 10 and 20% neem (azadirachta indica) oil diluted in acetone. control of anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti breeding in water storage overhead tanks (ohts) with the application of these balls was achieved for 45 days. two balls soaked in 5% neem oil produced the best results among other concentrations tested. | 1995 | 7589730 |
| repellent action of neem cream against mosquitoes. | neem cream was used as mosquito repellent to provide protection against aedes albopictus, ae. aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles culicifacies and an. subpictus mosquitoes. the application of neem cream on exposed body parts @2.0 gm/person showed 78 (range 65-95), 89 (range 66-100) and 94.4 (range 66-100) per cent protection against aedes, culex and anopheles mosquitoes respectively. significant difference was observed between neem cream treated and untreated group of population for aedes ... | 1995 | 7589727 |