Publications
Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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snatch-farrowed, porcine-colostrum-deprived (sf-pcd) pigs as a model for swine infectious disease research. | the current study tested the benefit of commercially available spray-dried bovine colostrum (the saskatoon colostrum company, saskatoon, saskatchewan) in raising snatch-farrowed, porcine-colostrum-deprived (sf-pcd) pigs. in experiment 1, 12 sf-pcd pigs received a liquid diet composed mainly of bovine colostrum from birth to day 10; 6 remained on the same liquid diet (col), and the other 6 were fed a diet composed mainly of milk replacer (rpl) until weaning. in experiment 2, 12 sf-pcd pigs were f ... | 2013 | 24082397 |
[meta analysis on the immunogenicity of domestic influenza virus vaccines]. | to evaluate the immunogenicity of domestic influenza virus vaccines. | 2013 | 24011163 |
standard trivalent influenza virus protein vaccination does not prime antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in macaques. | yearly vaccination with the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (tiv) is recommended, since current vaccines induce little cross neutralization to divergent influenza strains. whether the tiv can induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) responses that can cross-recognize divergent influenza virus strains is unknown. we immunized 6 influenza-naive pigtail macaques twice with the 2011-2012 season tiv and then challenged the macaques, along with 12 control macaques, serially with ... | 2013 | 24109221 |
signal-processing-based bioinformatics approach for the identification of influenza a virus subtypes in neuraminidase genes. | neuraminidase (na) genes of influenza a virus is a highly potential candidate for antiviral drug development that can only be realized through true identification of its sub-types. in this paper, in order to accurately detect the sub-types, a hybrid predictive model is therefore developed and tested over proteins obtained from the four subtypes of the influenza a virus, namely, h1n1, h2n2, h3n2 and h5n1 that caused major pandemics in the twentieth century. the predictive model is built by the fo ... | 2013 | 24110375 |
influenza virus surveillance in pakistan during 2008-2011. | there is little information about influenza among the pakistani population. in order to assess the trends of influenza-like-illness (ili) and to monitor the predominant circulating strains of influenza viruses, a country-wide lab-based surveillance system for ili and severe acute respiratory illness (sari) with weekly sampling and reporting was established in 2008. this system was necessary for early detection of emerging novel influenza subtypes and timely response for influenza prevention and ... | 2013 | 24260327 |
a mutant influenza virus that uses an n1 neuraminidase as the receptor-binding protein. | in the vast majority of influenza a viruses characterized to date, hemagglutinin (ha) is the receptor-binding and fusion protein, whereas neuraminidase (na) is a receptor-cleaving protein that facilitates viral release but is expendable for entry. however, the nas of some recent human h3n2 isolates have acquired receptor-binding activity via the mutation d151g, although these isolates also appear to retain the ability to bind receptors via ha. we report here the laboratory generation of a mutati ... | 2013 | 24027333 |
replication characteristics of swine influenza viruses in precision-cut lung slices reflect the virulence properties of the viruses. | precision-cut lung slices of pigs were infected with five swine influenza a viruses of different subtypes (a/sw/potsdam/15/1981 h1n1, a/sw/bad griesbach/idt5604/2006 h1n1, a/sw/bakum/1832/2000 h1n2, a/sw/damme/idt5673/2006 h3n2, a/sw/herford/idt5932/2007 h3n2). the viruses were able to infect ciliated and mucus-producing cells. the infection of well-differentiated respiratory epithelial cells by swine influenza a viruses was analyzed with respect to the kinetics of virus release into the superna ... | 2013 | 24225030 |
serum antibody response to influenza virus vaccination during chemotherapy treatment in adult patients with solid tumours. | higher rates of hospitalization and mortality are described in oncology patients with influenza virus infection compared to the general population. yearly influenza vaccination is recommended for patients treated with chemotherapy. the optimal moment to administer the vaccine during a treatment cycle has not been studied extensively. | 2013 | 24176495 |
the anti-influenza virus effect of phellinus igniarius extract. | herbal medicine has been used in the orient for thousands of years to treat large and small ailments, including microbial infections. although there are treatments for influenza virus infection, there is no treatment for drug-resistant viruses. it is time that we explored and exploited the multi-component nature of herbal extracts as multi-drug combination therapies. here, we present data on the anti-influenza virus effect of a medicinal mushroom, phellinus igniarius. the p. igniarius water extr ... | 2013 | 24173646 |
the frequency and seasonality of influenza and other respiratory viruses in tennessee: two influenza seasons of surveillance data, 2010-2012. | in 2010, the tennessee department of health, in collaboration with the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc), expanded influenza surveillance in tennessee to include other respiratory viruses. | 2013 | 23962104 |
humoral and cellular responses to a non-adjuvanted monovalent h1n1 pandemic influenza vaccine in hospital employees. | the efficacy of the h1n1 influenza vaccine relies on the induction of both humoral and cellular responses. this study evaluated the humoral and cellular responses to a monovalent non-adjuvanted pandemic influenza a/h1n1 vaccine in occupationally exposed subjects who were previously vaccinated with a seasonal vaccine. | 2013 | 24238117 |
genesis and genetic constellations of swine influenza viruses in thailand. | swine influenza virus (siv) is one of the most important zoonotic agents and the origin of the most recent pandemic virus. asia is considered to be the epicenter for genetic exchanging of influenza a viruses and southeast asia including thailand serves as a reservoir to maintain the persistence of the viruses for seeding other regions. therefore, searching for new reassortants in this area has been routinely required. although sivs in thailand have been characterized, collective information rega ... | 2013 | 24095146 |
the french military influenza surveillance system (miss): overview of epidemiological and virological results during four influenza seasons--2008-2012. | influenza is a viral infection caused by a pathogen with considerable ability for genetic mutation, which is responsible for seasonal outbreaks as well as pandemics. this article presents the results of epidemiological and virological monitoring of four successive influenza outbreaks in the french armed forces, for the period 2008 to 2012. | 2013 | 24089257 |
tmprss2 is essential for influenza h1n1 virus pathogenesis in mice. | annual influenza epidemics and occasional pandemics pose a severe threat to human health. host cell factors required for viral spread but not for cellular survival are attractive targets for novel approaches to antiviral intervention. the cleavage activation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) by host cell proteases is essential for viral infectivity. however, it is unknown which proteases activate influenza viruses in mammals. several candidates have been identified in cell culture studie ... | 2013 | 24348248 |
anti-influenza activity of alchemilla mollis extract: possible virucidal activity against influenza virus particles. | influenza virus infection is a major public health problem that leads to significant morbidity and mortality. the emergence of resistance to the currently available anti-influenza agents has necessitated the development of new drugs with novel targets. studying known ethno-medicinal plants is a promising approach for the discovery of new antiviral compounds. alchemilla mollis is used in traditional medicine in europe for different indications, including minimizing the symptoms of a sore throat. ... | 2013 | 24270383 |
substitutions near the receptor binding site determine major antigenic change during influenza virus evolution. | the molecular basis of antigenic drift was determined for the hemagglutinin (ha) of human influenza a/h3n2 virus. from 1968 to 2003, antigenic change was caused mainly by single amino acid substitutions, which occurred at only seven positions in ha immediately adjacent to the receptor binding site. most of these substitutions were involved in antigenic change more than once. equivalent positions were responsible for the recent antigenic changes of influenza b and a/h1n1 viruses. substitution of ... | 2013 | 24264991 |
different evolutionary trends of swine h1n2 influenza viruses in italy compared to european viruses. | european h1n2 swine influenza viruses (eu h1n2sivs) arose from multiple reassortment events among human h1n1, human h3n2, and avian influenza viruses. we investigated the evolutionary dynamics of 53 italian h1n2 strains by comparing them with eu h1n2 sivs. hemagglutinin (ha) phylogeny revealed italian strains fell into four groups: group a and b (41 strains) had a human h1 similar to eu h1n2sivs, which probably originated in 1986. however group b (38 strains) formed a subgroup that had a two-ami ... | 2013 | 24289094 |
heterogeneity of the mdck cell line and its applicability for influenza virus research. | single-cell clones have been established from the mdck cell line, characterized for their morphology and evaluated for their suitability for influenza virus research. three discrete cell morphotypes were identified using light microscopy. besides morphological features, the cell types can be distinguished by the level of expression of surface glycans recognized by peanut agglutinin (pna). all clones were susceptible to infection by influenza viruses of different subtypes of influenza a virus (h1 ... | 2013 | 24058646 |
kinetics of influenza a virus nucleoprotein antibody (igm, iga, and igg) in serum and oral fluid specimens from pigs infected under experimental conditions. | indirect influenza a virus (iav) nucleoprotein (np) antibody elisas were used to compare the kinetics of the np igm, iga, and igg responses in serum and pen-based oral fluid samples collected from 82 pigs followed for 42 days post inoculation (dpi). treatment categories included vaccination (0, 1) and inoculation (0, 1) with contemporary h1n1 or h3n2 isolates. antibody ontogeny was markedly affected by vaccination status, but no significant differences were detected between h1n1 and h3n2 inocula ... | 2013 | 24200976 |
genome sequence of a circulating human-like swine-origin influenza a virus h3n2 strain. | the full-genome sequence of a/swine/henan/1/2010, a strain of influenza a virus isolated in central china, was determined. phylogenetic analyses show that its eight genomic segments are human-like, and some of its segments have appeared in swine h1n2, swine h1n1, and human h1n2 influenza viruses. | 2013 | 24233586 |
a comparison of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabbing for the detection of influenza virus by real-time pcr. | we tested the hypothesis that swabs from the nasopharynx carry a higher viral load than swabs from the oropharynx in patients with real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-confirmed influenza infection. using flocked swabs, oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal samples were harvested from hospital-admitted influenza patients no later than 3 days after the initial detection of influenza virus. comparison of cycle threshold (ct) values was performed to assess differences in viral load in the specimens ... | 2013 | 23052986 |
clinical accuracy of a plex-id flu device for simultaneous detection and identification of influenza viruses a and b. | respiratory tract infections caused by influenza a and b viruses often present nonspecifically, and a rapid, high-throughput laboratory technique that can identify influenza viruses is clinically and epidemiologically desirable. the plex-id flu assay (abbott molecular inc., des plaines, il) incorporates multilocus pcr and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry to detect and differentiate influenza a 2009 h1n1 (h1n1-p), seasonal h1n1 (h1n1-s), influenza a h3n2, and influenza b viruses in nasop ... | 2013 | 23077123 |
efficacy and immunogenicity of influenza vaccine in hiv-infected children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. | hiv-infected children are at heightened risk for severe influenza illness; however, there is no study on the efficacy or effectiveness of influenza vaccine in these children. we evaluated the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of nonadjuvanted, trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (tiv) against confirmed seasonal influenza virus illness in hiv-infected children. | 2013 | 23032417 |
immune response to influenza vaccine in hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure. | chronic renal failure and dialysis belong to contraindications to vaccination with live vaccines. the objective of this study was to evaluate the humoral response to influenza vaccination consisting of the formation of antibodies against hemagglutinin and neuraminidase in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis due to chronic renal failure. the study included 173 patients treated at a dialysis station in the silesian region in poland. the patients were assigned to the following groups: group a- ... | 2013 | 22836646 |
antiviral activity of acidic polysaccharides from coccomyxa gloeobotrydiformi, a green alga, against an in vitro human influenza a virus infection. | the extracts prepared from green algae are reported to possess a variety of biological activities including antioxidant, antitumor and antiviral activities. the acidic polysaccharide fraction from a green alga coccomyxa gloeobotrydiformi (cmaps) was isolated and the antiviral action on an in vitro infection of influenza a virus was examined. cmaps inhibited the growth and yield of all influenza a virus strains tested, such as a/h1n1, a/h2n2, a/h3n2 and a/h1n1 pandemic strains. the 50% inhibitory ... | 2013 | 22856509 |
increased symptom severity but unchanged neuraminidase inhibitor effectiveness for a(h1n1)pdm09 in the 2010-2011 season: comparison with the previous season and with seasonal a(h3n2) and b. | no studies of the clinical symptoms before starting therapy or of the effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) have been carried out of the 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 seasons that compare a(h1n1)pdm09 or the three circulating types of influenza virus. | 2013 | 22897904 |
"trivalent influenza vaccination of healthy adults 3 years after the onset of swine-origin h1n1 pandemic: restricted immunogenicity of the new a/h1n1v constituent?". | influenza vaccination is advised annually to reduce the burden of influenza disease. for sufficient vaccine campaigns also a continuous adoption of influenza vaccines are necessary, due to particularly high genetic variability of influenza a virus. therefore, we evaluate the effectiveness of the trivalent influenza vaccine 2010/2011, against influenza a (h1n1, h3n2) and influenza b. immune response was investigated in paired sera from 92 healthcare workers with the hemagglutination inhibition as ... | 2013 | 22986732 |
swine influenza virus vaccines: to change or not to change-that's the question. | commercial vaccines currently available against swine influenza virus (siv) are inactivated, adjuvanted, whole virus vaccines, based on h1n1 and/or h3n2 and/or h1n2 sivs. in keeping with the antigenic and genetic differences between sivs circulating in europe and the us, the vaccines for each region are produced locally and contain different strains. even within a continent, there is no standardization of vaccine strains, and the antigen mass and adjuvants can also differ between different comme ... | 2013 | 22976350 |
a meta-analysis of intradermal versus intramuscular influenza vaccines: immunogenicity and adverse events. | to determine immunogenicity and safety of intradermal (id) influenza vaccines compared with intramuscular (im) administration and effect of dose and age. | 2013 | 22974174 |
genetics, evolution, and the zoonotic capacity of european swine influenza viruses. | the european swine influenza virus lineage differs genetically from the classical swine influenza viruses and the triple reassortants found in north america and asia. the avian-like swine h1n1 viruses emerged in 1979 after an avian-to-swine transmission and spread to all major european pig-producing countries. reassortment of these viruses with seasonal h3n2 viruses led to human-like swine h3n2 viruses which appeared in 1984. finally, human-like swine h1n2 viruses emerged in 1994. these are trip ... | 2013 | 23011571 |
high prevalence of amantadine-resistant influenza a virus isolated in gyeonggi province, south korea, during 2005-2010. | amantadine resistance among influenza a viruses was investigated in south korea in 2005-2010. of 308 influenza a viruses examined, 229 had the s31n substitution in the m2 protein. the frequency of amantadine resistance was 30 %, 100 %, and 76 % in influenza a/h1n1, pandemic a/h1n1 2009(a/h1n1pdm), and a/h3n2 subtypes, respectively. the amantadine-resistant influenza a/h1n1pdm and a/h3n2 viruses were circulating continuously from 2008 to 2009 and from 2005 to 2006, respectively. amantadine resist ... | 2013 | 23011311 |
influenza surveillance from november 2008 to 2011; including pandemic influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 in bhutan. | describe the influenza a(h1n1) pandemic in bhutan. | 2013 | 22813389 |
comprehensive global amino acid sequence analysis of pb1f2 protein of influenza a h5n1 viruses and the influenza a virus subtypes responsible for the 20th-century pandemics. | pb1f2 is the 11th protein of influenza a virus translated from +1 alternate reading frame of pb1 gene. since the discovery, varying sizes and functions of the pb1f2 protein of influenza a viruses have been reported. selection of pb1 gene segment in the pandemics, variable size and pleiotropic effect of pb1f2 intrigued us to analyze amino acid sequences of this protein in various influenza a viruses. | 2013 | 22788742 |
combined administration of mf59-adjuvanted a/h5n1 prepandemic and seasonal influenza vaccines: long-term antibody persistence and robust booster responses 1 year after a one-dose priming schedule. | having previously demonstrated the feasibility of administering a/h5n1 and seasonal influenza vaccine antigens in an mf59-adjuvanted tetravalent formulation, we now report on long-term antibody persistence and responses to a booster dose of a combined seasonal-pandemic, tetravalent influenza vaccine in adults. the primary objective was the evaluation of responses to a booster dose of tetravalent influenza vaccine containing seasonal (a/h1n1, a/h3n2, and b) and avian (a/h5n1, clade 2) influenza v ... | 2013 | 23536690 |
guidance for clinical and public health laboratories testing for influenza virus antiviral drug susceptibility in europe. | two classes of antiviral drugs are licensed in europe for treatment and prophylaxis of influenza; the m2 ion-channel blockers amantadine and rimantadine acting against type a influenza viruses only and the neuraminidase enzyme inhibitors zanamivir and oseltamivir acting against type a and type b influenza viruses. this guidance document was developed for but not limited to the european union (eu) and other european economic area (eea) countries on how and when to test for influenza virus antivir ... | 2013 | 23375738 |
reassortment between avian h5n1 and human influenza viruses is mainly restricted to the matrix and neuraminidase gene segments. | highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 viruses have devastated the poultry industry in many countries of the eastern hemisphere. occasionally h5n1 viruses cross the species barrier and infect humans, sometimes with a severe clinical outcome. when this happens, there is a chance of reassortment between h5n1 and human influenza viruses. to assess the potential of h5n1 viruses to reassort with contemporary human influenza viruses (h1n1, h3n2 and pandemic h1n1), we used an in vitro selection method ... | 2013 | 23527283 |
[development and validation of the real-time pcr assay for the identification of viral agents causing acute respiratory infections in humans]. | the real time pcr assay targeting influenza a and b virus, 5 subtypes of influenza a virus (seasonal h1n1, pandemic h1n1 (2009), seasonal h3n2, pathogenic for human subtypes of avian influenza h5 and h7), respiratory syncytial virus, and adenovirus was developed. the analytical sensitivity of the developed assay was 1 x 10(3) genome equivalents per ml. the diagnostic sensitivity of the method was 1 x l0(3)-10(4) viral particles per ml. experiments with human dna/cdna and viral cdna showed a mark ... | 2013 | 24645276 |
crystallization and x-ray crystallographic analysis of the cap-binding domain of influenza a virus h1n1 polymerase subunit pb2. | pb2 is one of the subunits of the influenza virus heterotrimeric polymerase. by its cap-binding domain (pb2cap), pb2 captures the 5' cap of the host pre-mrna to generate a capped 5' oligonucleotide primer for virus transcription. the crystal structure of influenza a virus h3n2 pb2cap with bound cap analogue m7gtp has been reported previously. to show the substrate-free structural details of pb2cap and clarify whether obvious conformational changes exist between the substrate-free and substrate-b ... | 2013 | 23519804 |
application of three duplex real-time pcr assays for simultaneous detection of human seasonal and avian influenza viruses. | this study was performed to develop real-time pcr (qpcr) for detection of human seasonal and avian influenza viruses in duplex format. first duplex qpcr detects haemagglutinin (ha) gene of influenza virus a(h1n1)pdm09 and ha gene of influenza virus a(h3n2), the second reaction detects neuraminidase (na) gene of influenza virus a(h3n2) and na gene of influenza virus a(h1n1)pdm09 and a(h5n1), and the third reaction detects ha gene of influenza a(h5n1) and nonstructural protein gene of influenza b ... | 2013 | 23515874 |
infection of the upper respiratory tract with seasonal influenza a(h3n2) virus induces protective immunity in ferrets against infection with a(h1n1)pdm09 virus after intranasal, but not intratracheal, inoculation. | the clinical symptoms caused by infection with influenza a virus vary widely and depend on the strain causing the infection, the dose and route of inoculation, and the presence of preexisting immunity. in most cases, seasonal influenza a viruses cause relatively mild upper respiratory tract disease, while sometimes patients develop an acute severe pneumonia. heterosubtypic immunity induced by previous infections with influenza a viruses may dampen the development of clinical symptoms caused by i ... | 2013 | 23365444 |
comparison of a multiplex real-time pcr assay with a multiplex luminex assay for influenza virus detection. | we describe the development of a multiplex reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) with luminex microarray hybridization for detection of influenza virus subtypes (flulum). performance of flulum was evaluated by comparing it to our real-time rt-pcr influenza virus assay on samples collected during two influenza seasons. both assays targeted the matrix genes of influenza virus a (flua m) and influenza virus b (flub m) and the hemagglutinin genes of seasonal h3n2 (h3) and h1n1 (h1) and 2009 pandemic h1 ... | 2013 | 23345299 |
host microrna molecular signatures associated with human h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a viruses reveal an unanticipated antiviral activity for mir-146a. | while post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by micrornas (mirnas) has been shown to be involved in influenza virus replication cycle, only a few studies have further investigated this aspect in a human cellular model infected with human influenza viruses. in this study, we performed mirna global profiling in human lung epithelial cells (a549) infected by two different subtypes of human influenza a viruses (h1n1 and h3n2). we identified a common mirna signature in response to infecti ... | 2013 | 23343627 |
potency under pressure: the impact of hydrostatic pressure on antigenic properties of influenza virus hemagglutinin. | influenza vaccines are effective in protecting against illness and death caused by this seasonal pathogen. the potency of influenza vaccines is measured by single radial immunodiffusion (srid) assay that quantifies antigenic forms of hemagglutinin (ha). hydrostatic pressure results in loss of binding of influenza virus to red blood cells, but it is not known whether this infers loss of potency. | 2013 | 23496824 |
cross-reactive influenza-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity antibodies in the absence of neutralizing antibodies. | a better understanding of immunity to influenza virus is needed to generate cross-protective vaccines. engagement of ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) abs by nk cells leads to killing of virus-infected cells and secretion of antiviral cytokines and chemokines. adcc abs may target more conserved influenza virus ags compared with neutralizing abs. there has been minimal interest in influenza-specific adcc in recent decades. in this study, we developed novel assays to assess the specificity ... | 2013 | 23319732 |
evidence of cross-reactive immunity to 2009 pandemic influenza a virus in workers seropositive to swine h1n1 influenza viruses circulating in italy. | pigs play a key epidemiologic role in the ecology of influenza a viruses (iavs) emerging from animal hosts and transmitted to humans. between 2008 and 2010, we investigated the health risk of occupational exposure to swine influenza viruses (sivs) in italy, during the emergence and spread of the 2009 h1n1 pandemic (h1n1pdm) virus. | 2013 | 23469029 |
structure-based discovery of the novel antiviral properties of naproxen against the nucleoprotein of influenza a virus. | the nucleoprotein (np) binds the viral rna genome and associates with the polymerase in a ribonucleoprotein complex (rnp) required for transcription and replication of influenza a virus. np has no cellular counterpart, and the np sequence is highly conserved, which led to considering np a hot target in the search for antivirals. we report here that monomeric nucleoprotein can be inhibited by a small molecule binding in its rna binding groove, resulting in a novel antiviral against influenza a vi ... | 2013 | 23459490 |
impact of influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 virus on circulation dynamics of seasonal influenza strains in kenya. | we describe virus variations from patients with influenza-like illness before and after the appearance of influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 in kenya during january 2008-july 2011. a total of 11,592 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from consenting patients. seasonal influenza b, a/h1n1, a/h3n2, a/h5n1, and influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 viruses were detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. of patients enrolled, 2073 (17.9%) had influenza. a total of 1,524 (73.4%) of 2,073 samples we ... | 2013 | 23458953 |
antiviral resistance among highly pathogenic influenza a (h5n1) viruses isolated worldwide in 2002-2012 shows need for continued monitoring. | highly pathogenic (hp) h5n1 influenza viruses are evolving pathogens with the potential to cause sustained human-to-human transmission and pandemic virus spread. specific antiviral drugs can play an important role in the early stages of a pandemic, but the emergence of drug-resistant variants can limit control options. the available data on the susceptibility of hp h5n1 influenza viruses to neuraminidase (na) inhibitors and adamantanes is scarce, and there is no extensive analysis. here, we syst ... | 2013 | 23458714 |
simultaneous detection of oseltamivir- and amantadine-resistant influenza by oligonucleotide microarray visualization. | presently, the resistance of influenza a virus isolates causes great difficulty for the prevention and treatment of influenza a virus infection. it is important to establish a drug-resistance detection method for epidemiological study and personalized medicine in the clinical setting. consequently, a cost-effective oligonucleotide microarray visualization method, which was based on quantum dot-catalyzed silver deposition, was developed and evaluated for the simultaneous detection of neuraminidas ... | 2013 | 23451169 |
antigenic variation of h1n1, h1n2 and h3n2 swine influenza viruses in japan and vietnam. | the antigenicity of the influenza a virus hemagglutinin is responsible for vaccine efficacy in protecting pigs against swine influenza virus (siv) infection. however, the antigenicity of siv strains currently circulating in japan and vietnam has not been well characterized. we examined the antigenicity of classical h1 sivs, pandemic a(h1n1)2009 (a(h1n1)pdm09) viruses, and seasonal human-lineage sivs isolated in japan and vietnam. a hemagglutination inhibition (hi) assay was used to determine ant ... | 2013 | 23435952 |
in vivo selection of h1n2 influenza virus reassortants in the ferret model. | although the ferret model has been extensively used to study pathogenesis and transmission of influenza viruses, little has been done to determine whether ferrets are a good surrogate animal model to study influenza virus reassortment. it has been previously shown that the pandemic 2009 h1n1 (h1n1pdm) virus was able to transmit efficiently in ferrets. in coinfection studies with either seasonal h1n1 or h3n2 strains (h1n1s or h3n2s, respectively), the h1n1pdm virus was able to outcompete these st ... | 2013 | 23302886 |
surveillance of influenza viruses in the post-pandemic era (2010-2012) in northern italy. | the activity and circulation of influenza viruses in lombardy - northern italy - (a region with nearly 10 out of the 60 million inhabitants of italy) were investigated during two consecutive seasons (2010-2011 and 2011-2012), as part of the italian influenza surveillance network. the molecular characteristics of the hemagglutinin (ha) sequence of circulating viruses were analyzed to investigate the emergence of influenza viral variants. in the surveyed area, the influenza activity of these two p ... | 2013 | 23302775 |
double dose vs. standard dose influenza vaccination in patients with heart failure: a pilot study. | influenza infection leads to increased morbidity and mortality in those with heart failure, and individuals with heart failure exhibit reduced antibody responses to influenza vaccine. we hypothesized that patients with heart failure randomized to double dose (dd) influenza vaccine will mount more vigorous humoral immune responses compared with those given standard dose (sd) vaccine. | 2013 | 23291729 |
efficient synthesis of 3h,3'h-spiro[benzofuran-2,1'-isobenzofuran]-3,3'-dione as novel skeletons specifically for influenza virus type b inhibition. | an efficient and novel two step synthetic procedure to prepare various substituted 3h,3'h-spiro[benzofuran-2,1'-isobenzofuran]-3,3'-diones a, was established from very simple and easily available starting materials. the developed method is a robust and general approach for the synthesis of these structures. the prepared compounds were tested against influenza virus type a viz., a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1), a/hong kong/8/68 (h3n2) and type b viz., b/panama/45/90, b/taiwan/2/62, b/lee/40, b/brisbane/60/2 ... | 2013 | 23419738 |
cross-protective immunity against multiple influenza virus subtypes by a novel modified vaccinia ankara (mva) vectored vaccine in mice. | development of an influenza vaccine that provides cross-protective immunity remains a challenge. candidate vaccines based on a recombinant modified vaccinia ankara (mva) viral vector expressing antigens from influenza (mva/flu) viruses were constructed. a vaccine candidate, designated mva/ha1/c13l/np, that expresses the hemagglutinin from pandemic h1n1 (a/california/04/09) and the nucleoprotein (np) from highly pathogenic h5n1 (a/vietnam/1203/04) fused to a secretory signal sequence from vaccini ... | 2013 | 23376279 |
genotype patterns of contemporary reassorted h3n2 virus in us swine. | to understand the evolution of swine-origin h3n2v influenza viruses that have infected 320 humans in the usa since august 2011, we performed a phylogenetic analysis at a whole genome scale of north american swine influenza viruses (n = 200). all viral isolates evolved from the prototypical north american h3 cluster 4 (c4), with evidence for further diversification into subclusters. at least ten distinct reassorted h3n2/pandemic h1n1 (rh3n2p) genotypes were identified in swine. genotype 1 (g1) wa ... | 2013 | 23695819 |
deliberate reduction of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase expression of influenza virus leads to an ultraprotective live vaccine in mice. | a long-held dogma posits that strong presentation to the immune system of the dominant influenza virus glycoprotein antigens neuraminidase (na) and hemagglutinin (ha) is paramount for inducing protective immunity against influenza virus infection. we have deliberately violated this dogma by constructing a recombinant influenza virus strain of a/pr8/34 (h1n1) in which expression of na and ha genes was suppressed. we down-regulated na and ha expression by recoding the respective genes with subopti ... | 2013 | 23690603 |
active surveillance for influenza a virus among swine, midwestern united states, 2009-2011. | veterinary diagnostic laboratories identify and characterize influenza a viruses primarily through passive surveillance. however, additional surveillance programs are needed. to meet this need, an active surveillance program was conducted at pig farms throughout the midwestern united states. from june 2009 through december 2011, nasal swab samples were collected monthly from among 540 groups of growing pigs and tested for influenza a virus by real-time reverse transcription pcr. of 16,170 sample ... | 2013 | 23735740 |
cross-protective effect of antisense oligonucleotide developed against the common 3' ncr of influenza a virus genome. | the influenza a virus (iav) has eight segmented single-stranded rna genome containing a common and evolutionarily conserved non-coding region (ncrs) at 5' and 3' ends that are important for the virus replication. in this study, we designed an antisense oligonucleotide against the 3' ncr of vital segments of the iav genome to inhibit its replication. the results demonstrated that the co-transfection of madine darby canine kidney (mdck) cells with the antisense oligonucleotide and the plasmids enc ... | 2013 | 23729285 |
effect of double dose oseltamivir on clinical and virological outcomes in children and adults admitted to hospital with severe influenza: double blind randomised controlled trial. | to investigate the validity of recommendations in treatment guidelines to use higher than approved doses of oseltamivir in patients with severe influenza. | 2013 | 23723457 |
glycosylations in the globular head of the hemagglutinin protein modulate the virulence and antigenic properties of the h1n1 influenza viruses. | with the global spread of the 2009 pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1) influenza virus, there are increasing worries about evolution through antigenic drift. one way previous seasonal h1n1 and h3n2 influenza strains have evolved over time is by acquiring additional glycosylations in the globular head of their hemagglutinin (ha) proteins; these glycosylations have been believed to shield antigenically relevant regions from antibody immune responses. we added additional ha glycosylation sites to influenza a/net ... | 2013 | 23720581 |
visual detection of human infection with influenza a (h7n9) virus by subtype-specific reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification with hydroxynaphthol blue dye. | a rapid and sensitive h7 and n9 subtype-specific reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay was developed respectively for visual detection of human-infected influenza a (h7n9) virus. the reaction was performed in one step in a single tube at 63°c for 60 min with the addition of hydroxynaphthol blue dye before amplification. the detection limits of both subtype-specific assays were comparable to those of validated h7 and n9 real-time pcr assays respectively and no cross-d ... | 2013 | 23718218 |
[a study on the ha amount of ha influenza vaccination on efficacy and safety in infants]. | we examined the efficacy and safety of inactivated influenza vaccine when the amount of ha influenza vaccination in children was increased to the dose recommended by the who. the purpose of this study was to obtain basic evidence to review the vaccination dose in japanese children. ha influenza vaccine produced by the research foundation for microbial diseases of osaka university (biken) licenced in japan was administered through vaccination at the international dose, and split ha influenza vacc ... | 2013 | 23713330 |
[design of deoxyribozymes for inhibition of influenza a virus]. | influenza a viruses take a significant place in human and animal pathology causing epidemics and epizootics. therefore, the development of new antiflu drugs has become more and more urgent. deoxyribozymes can be considered as promising antiviral agents due to their ability to efficiently and highly specifically cleave rna molecules. in this study, a number ofgenomic sequences of the most relevant influenza a virus subtypes, h5n1, h3n2, and h1n1, were analyzed. conservative regions were revealed ... | 2013 | 23705497 |
swine, human or avian influenza viruses differentially activates porcine dendritic cells cytokine profile. | swine influenza virus (swiv) is considered a zoonosis and the fact that swine may act as an intermediate reservoir for avian influenza virus, potentially infectious for humans, highlights its relevance and the need to understand the interaction of different influenza viruses with the porcine immune system. thus, in vitro porcine bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (pobmdcs) were infected with a circulating swiv a/swine/spain/sf32071/2007(h3n2), 2009 human pandemic influenza virus a/catalonia/63/2 ... | 2013 | 23689011 |
b cell responses to the 2011/12-influenza vaccine in the aged. | antibody and b cell responses to influenza a viruses were measured over a period of 2 months in 30 aged and 15 middle-aged individuals following vaccination with the 2011/12 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine by micro-neutralization assays, elisas, elispot assays and cell surface staining with lineage-defining antibodies followed by multicolor flow cytometry. both cohorts developed comparable antibody responses to the h3n2 virus of the vaccine while responses to the h1n1 virus were compromi ... | 2013 | 23674565 |
isolation of influenza a(h3n2)v virus from pigs and characterization of its biological properties in pigs and mice. | recently, a novel reassortant virus, influenza a(h3n2)v [a(h3n2)v], was identified as the causative pathogen in 307 human cases of influenza in the united states. a(h3n2)v contains the matrix gene from the 2009 pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1) virus, while its other genes originate from h3n2 viruses with triple-reassorted internal genes. in this study, we isolated three a(h3n2)v viruses from commercial pigs in korea that showed similarities with published human a(h3n2)v viruses in eight segment sequence al ... | 2013 | 23674250 |
antigenically intact hemagglutinin in circulating avian and swine influenza viruses and potential for h3n2 pandemic. | the 2009 swine-origin h1n1 influenza, though antigenically novel to the population at the time, was antigenically similar to the 1918 h1n1 pandemic influenza, and consequently was considered to be "archived" in the swine species before reemerging in humans. given that the h3n2 is another subtype that currently circulates in the human population and is high on who pandemic preparedness list, we assessed the likelihood of reemergence of h3n2 from a non-human host. using ha sequence features releva ... | 2013 | 23661027 |
the serial intervals of seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses in households in bangkok, thailand. | the serial interval (si) of human influenza virus infections is often described by a single distribution. understanding sources of variation in the si could provide valuable information for understanding influenza transmission dynamics. using data from a randomized household study of nonpharmaceutical interventions to prevent influenza transmission in bangkok, thailand, over 34 months between 2008 and 2011, we estimated the influence of influenza virus type/subtype and other characteristics of 2 ... | 2013 | 23629874 |
swine influenza in sri lanka. | to study influenza viruses in pigs in sri lanka, we examined samples from pigs at slaughterhouses. influenza (h3n2) and a(h1n1)pdm09 viruses were prevalent during 2004-2005 and 2009-2012, respectively. genetic and epidemiologic analyses of human and swine influenza viruses indicated 2 events of a(h1n1)pdm09 virus spillover from humans to pigs. | 2013 | 23621918 |
molecular assays for quantitative and qualitative detection of influenza virus and oseltamivir resistance mutations. | sensitive and reproducible molecular assays are essential for influenza virus diagnostics. this manuscript describes the design, validation, and evaluation of a set of real-time rt-pcr assays for quantification and subtyping of human influenza viruses from patient respiratory material. four assays are included for detection of oseltamivir resistance mutations h275y in prepandemic and pandemic influenza a/h1n1 and e119v and r292k in influenza a/h3n2 neuraminidase. the lower limits of detection of ... | 2013 | 23597879 |
genetic characterization of h1n2 swine influenza virus isolated in china and its pathogenesis and inflammatory responses in mice. | in 2009, two h1n2 influenza viruses were isolated from trachea swabs of pigs in hubei in china. we compared these sequences with the other 18 complete genome sequences of swine h1n2 isolates from china during 2004 to 2010 and undertook extensive analysis of their evolutionary patterns. six different genotypes - two reassortants between triple reassortant (tr) h3n2 and classical swine (cs) h1n1 virus, three reassortants between tr h1n2, eurasian avian-like h1n1 swine virus and h9n2 swine virus, a ... | 2013 | 23591972 |
comparison of influenza virus replication fidelity in vitro using selection pressure with monoclonal antibodies. | the replication fidelity of reassortant a/fujian/411/02(h3n2)-like influenza viruses was assessed by in vitro detection of escape mutants developing under selective pressure from monoclonal antibodies. the results showed a/wyoming/3/03(h3n2) possessed lower fidelity relative to the a/california/7/04(h3n2) and a/wisconsin/57/05(h3n2) viruses through the emergence of mutant viruses carrying h156q hemagglutinin mutation which allows antibody escape. using the neutralization assay to compare the fid ... | 2013 | 23588737 |
synthesis and anti-influenza virus activities of a novel class of gastrodin derivatives. | a series of substituted aryl glycoside analogues of gastrodin have been identified as potential anti-influenza agents. the most potent inhibitor 1a exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against the a/hanfang/359/95(h3n2) and a/fm/1/47(h1n1) strains of the influenza a virus (ic(50) values of 44.40 and 34.45 μm, respectively) and the oseltamivir-null b/jifang/13/97 strain of influenza b (ic(50) value of 33.01 μm). in this article, multiple doses of compound 1a (80 mg/kg/day, oral administration) ... | 2013 | 23531598 |
intradermally-administered influenza virus vaccine is safe and immunogenic in healthy adults 18-64 years of age. | to increase vaccine acceptance, intradermal (id) influenza vaccine (fluzone(®) intradermal, sanofi pasteur inc.) may be an attractive alternative to intramuscular (im) vaccination due to smaller needle and volume injected. | 2013 | 23499604 |
a polyvalent influenza a dna vaccine induces heterologous immunity and protects pigs against pandemic a(h1n1)pdm09 virus infection. | the composition of current influenza protein vaccines has to be reconsidered every season to match the circulating influenza viruses, continuously changing antigenicity. thus, influenza vaccines inducing a broad cross-reactive immune response would be a great advantage for protection against both seasonal and emerging influenza viruses. we have developed an alternative influenza vaccine based on dna expressing selected influenza proteins of pandemic and seasonal origin. in the current study, we ... | 2013 | 23499598 |
high resolution melting analysis as a tool to detect molecular markers of antiviral resistance in influenza a viruses. | a real-time pcr followed by high resolution melting analysis (hrma) was developed, for rapid detection of antiviral resistance markers in influenza a viruses, of both h1n1 and h3n2 subtypes. the targets of these assays were the nucleotide substitution g806a (s31n mutation) in the m gene as marker of resistance to adamatanes in influenza viruses a(h3n2), the substitution a356t (e119v mutation) in the n2 gene of influenza viruses a(h3n2) and the substitution c823t (h274y mutation) in the n1 gene o ... | 2013 | 23499313 |
influenza virus-like particle containing two different subtypes of hemagglutinin confers protection in mice against lethal challenge with a/pr8 (h1n1) and a/hk (h3n2) viruses. | preventing the seasonal or pandemic outbreak of influenza can be powerful and cost-effective. | 2013 | 23487492 |
exploring the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics of influenza a virus in taiwan. | the evolution and population dynamics of human influenza in taiwan is a microcosm of the viruses circulating worldwide, which has not yet been studied in detail. we collected 343 representative full genome sequences of human influenza a viruses isolated in taiwan between 1979 and 2009. phylogenetic and antigenic data analysis revealed that h1n1 and h3n2 viruses consistently co-circulated in taiwan, although they were characterized by different temporal dynamics and degrees of genetic diversity. ... | 2013 | 23613982 |
antibody responses to trivalent influenza vaccine in iranian adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | the serious influenza-associated complications among immunodeficient individuals such as those who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), highlights the importance of influenza vaccination in these people. therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the antibody responses to influenza vaccine in this group. two hundred subjects were recruited, during autumn 2010 and 2011, to receive, trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine consisting of a (h1n1), a (h3n2), and b strains. hem ... | 2013 | 23605597 |
[analysis of evolution features of whole genome of influenza virus h3n2 in qingdao between year 2007 and 2011]. | to investigate the evolution features of whole-genome of influenza virus h3n2 prevalent in qingdao from year 2007 to 2011. | 2013 | 23601520 |
experimental infection of european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) and house sparrows (passer domesticus) with pandemic 2009 h1n1 and swine h1n1 and h3n2 triple reassortant influenza viruses. | european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) and house sparrows (passer domesticus) are common peridomestic passerine birds that are often associated with domestic animal production facilities. this association provides a potential means for pathogen transmission between facilities. we inoculated european starlings and house sparrows with three non-avian influenza virus strains: two swine isolates (h1n1 and h3n2) and one human isolate representing the h1n1 pandemic strain that originated from swine. no ... | 2013 | 23568924 |
the effect of age and recent influenza vaccination history on the immunogenicity and efficacy of 2009-10 seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccination in children. | there is some evidence that annual vaccination of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (tiv) may lead to reduced vaccine immunogenicity but evidence is lacking on whether vaccine efficacy is affected by prior vaccination history. the efficacy of one dose of tiv in children 6-8 y of age against influenza b is uncertain. we examined whether immunogenicity and efficacy of influenza vaccination in school-age children varied by age and past vaccination history. | 2013 | 23554974 |
evidence of transmission and risk factors for influenza a virus in household dogs and their owners. | the possible transmission of influenza a virus between dogs and humans is important, as in mexico city there are approximately 1·2 million dogs. we present the first evidence of influenza a virus infection in household dogs in mexico. | 2013 | 24034782 |
neutralizing antibodies against previously encountered influenza virus strains increase over time: a longitudinal analysis. | antigenic diversity shapes immunity in distinct and unexpected ways. this is particularly true of the humoral response generated against influenza a viruses. although it is known that immunological memory developed against previously encountered influenza a virus strains affects the outcome of subsequent infections, exactly how sequential exposures to antigenically variant viruses shape the humoral immune response in humans remains poorly understood. to address this important question, we perfor ... | 2013 | 23946196 |
emergence of h3n2pm-like and novel reassortant h3n1 swine viruses possessing segments derived from the a (h1n1)pdm09 influenza virus, korea. | human-to-swine transmission of the pandemic h1n1 2009 [a(h1n1)pdm09] virus in pig populations resulted in reassortment events with endemic swine influenza viruses worldwide. | 2013 | 24034626 |
co-incorporation of the pb2 and pa polymerase subunits from human h3n2 influenza virus is a critical determinant of the replication of reassortant ribonucleoprotein complexes. | the influenza virus rna polymerase, composed of the pb1, pb2 and pa subunits, has a potential role in influencing genetic reassortment. recent studies on the reassortment of human h3n2 strains suggest that the co-incorporation of pb2 and pa from the same h3n2 strain appears to be important for efficient virus replication; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. here, we reconstituted reassortant ribonucleoprotein (rnp) complexes and demonstrated that the rnp activity was severely impa ... | 2013 | 23939981 |
antiviral protein of momordica charantia l. inhibits different subtypes of influenza a. | the new antiviral activity of the protein extracted from momordica charantia was determined with different subtypes of influenza a. the protein was purified from the seed of m. charantia using an anion exchanger and a fast protein liquid chromatography (fplc) system. at the concentration of 1.401 mg/ml, the protein did not exhibit cytotoxicity in madin-darby canine kidney cells (mdck) but inhibited 1 × 10(5) ffu influenza a/pr/8/34 h1n1 virus at 56.50%, 65.72%, and 100% inhibition by the protein ... | 2013 | 23935676 |
validation of the modified hemagglutination inhibition assay (mhai), a robust and sensitive serological test for analysis of influenza virus-specific immune response. | the hemagglutination inhibition assay (hai) is universally regarded as the gold standard in influenza virus serology. nevertheless, difficulties in titre readouts are common and interlaboratory variations are frequently reported. | 2013 | 23375739 |
consequences of resistance: in vitro fitness, in vivo infectivity, and transmissibility of oseltamivir-resistant influenza a viruses. | the development of drug resistance is a major drawback to any antiviral therapy, and the specific anti-influenza drugs, the neuraminidase (na) inhibitors (nais), are not excluded from this rule. the impact of drug resistance depends on the degree of reduction in fitness of the particular drug-resistant virus. if the resistance mutations lead to only a modest biological fitness cost and the virus remains highly transmissible, the effectiveness of antiviral use is likely to be reduced. this review ... | 2013 | 23279897 |
assays for monitoring susceptibility of influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors. | close monitoring of drug susceptibility among human influenza viruses was necessitated by widespread resistance to m2 inhibitors in influenza h1n1 (pre-pandemic and 2009 pandemic) and h3n2 viruses, and of oseltamivir resistance in pre-pandemic h1n1 viruses. the fda-approved neuraminidase (na) inhibitors (nais), oseltamivir and zanamivir, as well as investigational nais, peramivir and laninamivir, are currently the principal treatment options for managing influenza infection. however, there are c ... | 2013 | 23279896 |
prevalence and correlates of influenza-a in piggery workers and pigs in two communities in lagos, nigeria. | worldwide, three influenza-a virus subtypes (h1n1, h1n2 and h3n2) in swine are major public health issues. in nigeria, the existence of these subtypes in pigs has not been well studied. this study aimed at determining the prevalence and correlates of influenza-a viruses circulating in piggery workers and pigs in oke-aro and goshen communities in lagos, nigeria. | 2013 | 24711881 |
the genetic match between vaccine strains and circulating seasonal influenza a viruses in vietnam, 2001-2009. | vietnam is currently developing domestic capability to manufacture influenza vaccines but information on the genetic and antigenic characteristics of locally circulating seasonal influenza viruses is limited. to assess the relevance of who recommended vaccine strains to the situation in vietnam, we analyzed the genetic relatedness of the hemagglutinin (ha) gene of seasonal influenza a viruses circulating in vietnam from 2001 to 2009 to who recommended vaccine strains over the same period. | 2013 | 23137010 |
protection of guinea pigs by vaccination with a recombinant swinepox virus co-expressing ha1 genes of swine h1n1 and h3n2 influenza viruses. | swine influenza (si) is an acute respiratory infectious disease of swine caused by swine influenza virus (siv). siv is not only an important respiratory pathogen in pigs but also a potent threat to human health. here, we report the construction of a recombinant swinepox virus (rspv/h3-2a-h1) co-expressing hemagglutinin (ha1) of siv subtypes h1n1 and h3n2. immune responses and protection efficacy of the rspv/h3-2a-h1 were evaluated in guinea pigs. inoculation of rspv/h3-2a-h1 yielded neutralizing ... | 2013 | 23135159 |
generation and characterization of a new panel of broadly reactive anti-ns1 mabs for detection of influenza a virus. | influenza a virus (iav) non-structural protein 1 (ns1) has multiple functions, is essential for virus replication and may be a good target for iav diagnosis. to generate broadly cross-reactive ns1-specific mabs, mice were immunized with a/hong kong/1/1968 (h3n2) 6×his-tagged ns1 and hybridomas were screened with glutathione s-transferase-conjugated ns1 of a/puerto rico/8/1934 (h1n1). mabs were isotyped and numerous igg-type clones were characterized further. most clones specifically recognized n ... | 2013 | 23223621 |
an in vitro network of intermolecular interactions between viral rna segments of an avian h5n2 influenza a virus: comparison with a human h3n2 virus. | the genome of influenza a viruses (iav) is split into eight viral rnas (vrnas) that are encapsidated as viral ribonucleoproteins. the existence of a segment-specific packaging mechanism is well established, but the molecular basis of this mechanism remains to be deciphered. selective packaging could be mediated by direct interaction between the vrna packaging regions, but such interactions have never been demonstrated in virions. recently, we showed that the eight vrnas of a human h3n2 iav form ... | 2013 | 23221636 |
impaired dendritic cell maturation in response to pandemic h1n109 influenza virus. | infection with pandemic a/h1n1/2009 influenza virus led to hospitalisation of patients not expected to be at risk of severe disease from seasonal influenza infection. | 2013 | 23218952 |
evaluation of influenza virus antiviral susceptibility testing in europe: results from the first external quality assessment exercise. | the first antiviral susceptibility testing external quality assessment (eqa) was held for european influenza reference laboratories during winter 2010/11. | 2013 | 23201459 |
influenza a virus infection dynamics in swine farms in belgium, france, italy and spain, 2006-2008. | avian-like h1n1 and reassortant h3n2 and h1n2 influenza a viruses with a human-like haemagglutinin have been co-circulating in swine in europe for more than a decade. we aimed to examine the infection dynamics of the three swine influenza virus (siv) lineages at the farm level, and to identify possible regional and seasonal variations in their circulation. sera were collected from six successive generations of fattening pigs (2006-2008) in a total 80 farrow-to-finish herds in belgium, italy, fra ... | 2013 | 23201246 |
receptor characterization and susceptibility of cotton rats to avian and 2009 pandemic influenza virus strains. | animal influenza viruses (aivs) are a major threat to human health and the source of pandemic influenza. a reliable small-mammal model to study the pathogenesis of infection and for testing vaccines and therapeutics against multiple strains of influenza virus is highly desirable. we show that cotton rats (sigmodon hispidus) are susceptible to avian and swine influenza viruses. cotton rats express α2,3-linked sialic acid (sa) and α2,6-linked sa residues in the trachea and α2,6-linked sa residues ... | 2013 | 23192875 |