Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the western lowland gorilla diet has implications for the health of humans and other hominoids. | we studied the western lowland gorilla diet as a possible model for human nutrient requirements with implications for colonic function. gorillas in the central african republic were identified as consuming over 200 species and varieties of plants and 100 species and varieties of fruit. thirty-one of the most commonly consumed foods were collected and dried locally before shipping for macronutrient and fiber analysis. the mean macronutrient concentrations were (mean +/- sd, g/100 g dry basis) fat ... | 1997 | 9311957 |
| fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of keratinocyte growth factor gene amplification and dispersion in evolution of great apes and humans. | keratinocyte growth factor (kgf) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family. portions of the gene encoding kgf were amplified during primate evolution and are present in multiple nonprocessed copies in the human genome. nucleotide analysis of a representative sampling of these kgf-like sequences indicated that they were at least 95% identical to corresponding regions of the kgf gene. to localize these sequences to specific chromosomal sites in human and higher primates, we used fluoresce ... | 1997 | 9326632 |
| western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) as seasonal frugivores: use of variable resources. | the gorillas studied at bai hokou, central african republic, between august 1990 and october 1992 consumed 239 kinds of foods from 138 species of plants and invertebrates, including the fruits of 77 species. seeds were present in 99% of all fecal samples (n = 859). although gorillas ate fleshy fruit whenever it was available, herbaceous plants and fibrous fruits were consumed year-round and were important during times of fleshy fruit scarcity. at bai hokou and across their range, resources are t ... | 1997 | 9327094 |
| ranging and grouping patterns of a western lowland gorilla group at bai hokou, central african republic. | the ranging and grouping patterns of a gorilla group were studied during 27 months from 1990-1992 at the bai hokou study site, central african republic. the study group ranged far daily (average = 2.3 km/day) and had a large home range (22.9 km2), relative to mountain gorillas, and ranging patterns differed between years. during 1990-1992, the bimale study group foraged less cohesively and had more flexible grouping patterns than mountain gorillas. the study group sometimes split into two distin ... | 1997 | 9327095 |
| physical mapping of human 7q and 14q subtelomeric dna sequences in the great apes. | phylogenetic divergence of the members of the pongidae family has been based on genetic evidence. the terminal repeat array (t2ag3) has lately been considered as an additional basis to analyze genomes of highly related species. the recent isolation of subtelomeric dna probes specific for human (hsa) chromosomes 7q and 14q has prompted us to cross-hybridize them to the chromosomes of the chimpanzee (ptr), gorilla (ggo) and orangutan (ppy) to search for its equivalent locations in the great ape sp ... | 1997 | 9330913 |
| cortical bone distribution in the femoral neck of hominoids: implications for the locomotion of australopithecus afarensis. | contiguous high resolution computed tomography images were obtained at a 1.5 mm slice thickness perpendicular to the neck axis from the base of the femoral head to the trochanteric line in a sample of 10 specimens each of homo sapiens, pan troglodytes, and gorilla gorilla, plus five specimens of pan paniscus. superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior cortical thicknesses were automatically measured directly from these digital images. throughout the femoral neck h. sapiens displays thin superio ... | 1997 | 9331457 |
| complex fish probes for the subtelomeric regions of all human chromosomes: comparative hybridization of ceph yacs to chromosomes of the old world monkey presbytis cristata and great apes. | we have generated a human subtelomere probe panel, utilizing well characterized ceph yacs, for the investigation of human chromosome pathology and evolution through fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish). region-specific fish probes will be extremely valuable for detecting cytogenetically cryptic telomere abnormalities. here, we present the first comparative mapping study (with 29 subtelomere probes and 6 chromosome paints) to the old world monkey presbytis cristata, followed by hybridizations ... | 1997 | 9345897 |
| sequences from higher primates orthologous to the human xp/yp telomere junction region reveal gross rearrangements and high levels of divergence. | a high level of sequence polymorphism combined with linkage disequilibrium has created a limited number of highly diverged haplotypes across the human xp/yp telomere junction region. to gain insight into the unusual genetic characteristics of this region, we have examined the orthologous sequences in the common chimpanzee (pan troglodytes ), the gorilla (gorilla gorilla) and the orang-utan (pongo pygmaeus). divergence from the human xp/yp sequence is higher (average 2.6-fold) than that observed ... | 1997 | 9361036 |
| endogenous nitric oxide in the airways of different animal species. | high amounts of endogenous nitric oxide (no) have been demonstrated in the human upper airway, but the role of nasal no is still unclear. the present study aims to describe nasal no excretion in different animal species with special living conditions or anatomy. | 1997 | 9366933 |
| neuropeptide y in the infundibular nucleus and hypophysis of great apes. | we studied the distribution of neuropeptide y (npy) immunoreactivity in the infundibular nucleus and the hypophysis of the chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan. using antibodies developed in rabbit against synthetic porcine npy, we found numerous npy-immunoreactive neuronal somata in the infundibular nucleus; this nucleus was also filled with short npy-positive processes and an abundance of punctate structures that could be indicative of synaptic terminals. numerous varicose npy-positive fibers we ... | 1997 | 9369542 |
| [parasitological evidence on the phylogeny of hominids and cebids]. | a systematic revision of the ectoparasites (lice) of the hominids and ceboids supports the trogloditian hypothesis, according to which the genus homo is the sister of pan, and the genus gorilla the sister group of both. the phylogenetic analysis of this matrix derived from the study of primate lice shows an c.i. of 0.71 for the trogloditian hypothesis including the ceboids in the analysis. | 1996 | 9246364 |
| relative position and extent of the nasal and orbital openings in gorilla, pan and the human species from the study of their areas and centres of area. | in order to quantify the relative position and extent of the nasal and orbital openings in hominoid primates, a new methodology based on image analysis was developed and applied to a series of 134 hominoid skulls (52 gorilla gorilla; 30 pan troglodytes; 44 homo sapiens, and, as comparison material, 8 pongo pygmaeus). the areas and the centres of area of the orbital and nasal openings were determined automatically. the orbitonasal triangle connecting these three centres of area was then construct ... | 1996 | 9159918 |
| characterization of interleukin-8 receptors in non-human primates. | interleukin-8 is a chemokine with a potent neutrophil chemoattractant activity. in humans, two different cdnas encoding human il8 receptors designated il8ra and il8rb have been cloned. il8ra binds il8, while il8rb binds il8 as well as other alpha-chemokines. both human il8rs are encoded by two genes physically linked on chromosome 2. the il8ra and il8rb genes have open reading frames (orf) lacking introns. by direct sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction products, we sequenced the il8r gene ... | 1996 | 9110929 |
| there is substantial agreement among interspecies estimates of dna repair activity. | faithful maintenance of the genetic material is essential for cellular and organismal function. thus the activity with which nuclear and mitochondrial dna is repaired in somatic cells is likely to be an crucial determinant of maximal lifespan (mls). however there has been controversy over both the actual rates of dna repair in a variety of species, and the correlation of those rates with maximal lifespan. five comparative studies of dna repair have been re-analyzed with reference to an internal ... | 1996 | 9055244 |
| the human t-cell receptor gamma variable pseudogene v10 is a distinctive marker of human speciation. | the v10 variable gene of the human t-cell receptor gamma locus (tcrg-v10), the only member of the subgroup iii, has a structural defect which inhibits the splicing of the leader intron. we show that there is a single point mutation in the v10 leader donor splice site responsible for this situation and that this mutation is found in the different populations tested, indicating that v10 corresponds to a pseudogene in humans. we restored the splice site by mutagenesis and obtained correct splicing ... | 1996 | 8575818 |
| the role and amplification of the hs alu subfamily founder gene. | a recently identified alu element (leeflang et al. j. mol. evol. 1993, 37:559-565), referred to as the "putative founder of the hs (pv) subfamily," was found to be present at orthologous loci in the human, chimpanzee, gorilla, and gibbon lineages. the evolution of this alu suggested that it is a source gene in the evolution of alu family repeats for one of the most recent subfamilies, hs. we have determined that this putative founder of the hs subfamily was not present at the orthologous loci in ... | 1996 | 8576958 |
| tempo and mode of synonymous substitutions in mitochondrial dna of primates. | nucleotide substitutions of the four-fold degenerate sites and the total third codon positions of mitochondrial dna from human, common chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, and orangutan were examined in detail by three alternative markov models; (1) hasegawa, kishino, and yano's (1985) model, (2) tamura and nei's (1993) model, and (3) the general reversible markov model. these sites are expected to be relatively free from constraint, and therefore their tempo and mode in evolution should reflect those o ... | 1996 | 8583892 |
| analysis of the specificity of bacterial immunoglobulin a (iga) proteases by a comparative study of ape serum igas as substrates. | immunoglobulin a (iga) proteases are bacterial enzymes with substrate specificity for human serum and secretory igas. to further define the basis of this specificity, we examined the ability of iga proteases of clostridium ramosum, streptococcus pneumoniae (ec 3.4.24.13), neisseria meningitidis (ec 3.4.21.72), and haemophilus influenzae (ec 3.4.21.72) to cleave serum igas of gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangutans. all enzymes cleaved the igas of the three apes despite differences in ape iga1 hing ... | 1996 | 8641803 |
| [homology and evolution of gene order: a simple method for testing a hypothesis on the nature of this evolution]. | a method of testing various hypotheses concerning the mechanisms of evolution of gene order is suggested. estimating the possibility of constructing an evolutionary tree that reflects the observed similarity between gene orders studied is proposed, provided that the distances between gene orders correspond to estimations obtained on the basis of the hypothesis tested. the required ibm pc software was developed. it was found that gene orders of the mouse, rabbit, cow, cat, lemur, capuchin monkey, ... | 1996 | 8647415 |
| a remembrance of fred, the lowland gorilla. | 1996 | 8651981 | |
| comparative fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping of primate chromosomes with alu polymerase chain reaction generated probes from human/rodent somatic cell hybrids. | we have used alu polymerase chain reaction generated probes from rearranged human/rodent somatic cell hybrids for fluorescence in situ hybridization and comparative mapping of some intrachromosomal changes in the karyotypes of great apes (pan troglodytes, p. paniscus, gorilla gorilla, pongo pygmaeus), a gibbon (hylobates lar), and an old world monkey (macaca fuscata). probes containing chromosomes 2 and 18 fragments confirmed inversions already suggested by the banding pattern of great ape homol ... | 1996 | 8653267 |
| the "phoca standard": an external molecular reference for calibrating recent evolutionary divergences. | comparison of the complete mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of the high-arctic ringed seal (phoca hispida) and the sub-arctic harbour (p. vitulina) and grey (halichoerus grypus) seals shows that they are genetically equidistant from one another. we relate the evolutionary divergence of the three species to expanding glaciation in the arctic basin and establish, in conjunction with mtdna data, a standard reference for calibration of recent divergence events among mammalian taxa. in the present study, we ... | 1996 | 8660422 |
| characterization of a chromosome-specific chimpanzee alpha satellite subset: evolutionary relationship to subsets on human chromosomes. | alpha satellite dna is a tandemly repeated dna family found at the centromeres of all primate chromosomes examined. the fundamental repeat units of alpha satellite dna are diverged 169- and 172-bp monomers, often found to be organized in chromosome-specific higher-order repeat units. the chromosomes of human (homo sapiens (hsa)), chimpanzee (pan troglodytes (ptr) and pan paniscus), and gorilla (gorilla gorilla) share a remarkable similarity and synteny. it is of interest to ask if alpha satellit ... | 1996 | 8660971 |
| the znf75 zinc finger gene subfamily: isolation and mapping of the four members in humans and great apes. | we have previously reported (villa et al. (1993), genomics 18: 223) the characterization of the human znf75 gene located on xq26, which has only limited homology (less than 65%) to other zf genes in the databases. here, we describe three human zinc finger genes with 86 to 95% homology to znf75 at the nucleotide level, which represent all the members of the human znf75 subfamily. one of these, znf75b, is a pseudogene mapped to chromosome 12q13. the other two, znf75a and znf75c, maintain an orf in ... | 1996 | 8661144 |
| maximum-likelihood models for combined analyses of multiple sequence data | abstract. models of nucleotide substitution were constructed for combined analyses of heterogeneous sequence data (such as those of multiple genes) from the same set of species. the models account for different aspects of the heterogeneity in the evolutionary process of different genes, such as differences in nucleotide frequencies, in substitution rate bias (for example, the transition/transversion rate bias), and in the extent of rate variation across sites. model parameters were estimated by ... | 1996 | 8662011 |
| investigation of the rh locus in gorillas and chimpanzees. | the human rh blood-group system is encoded by two homologous genes, rhd and rhce. the rh genes in gorillas and chimpanzees were investigated to delineate the phylogeny of the human rh genes. southern blot analysis with an exon 7-specific probe suggested that gorillas have more than two rh genes, as has recently been reported for chimpanzees. exon 7 was well conserved between humans, gorillas, and chimpanzees, although the exon 7 nucleotide sequences from gorillas were more similar to the human d ... | 1996 | 8662018 |
| interallelic recombination has not played a major role in the history of the hla-c locus. | the human major histocompatibility complex class i loci hla-a and hla-b have previously been shown to differ with regard to the rate of interallelic recombination, with a much higher rate being observed in the case of hla-b. until recently, there were very few hla-c transcripts available for analysis. in the present study, we analyzed c locus alleles from human (n = 24), chimpanzee (n = 1), and gorilla (n = 5). both phylogenetic analysis and a method for detecting clusters of sites indicative of ... | 1996 | 8662075 |
| identification of new tap2 alleles in gorilla: evolution of the locus within hominoids. | transporters associated with antigen processing molecules (tap1 and tap2) mediate the transfer of cytosolic peptides into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum for association with newly synthesized class i molecules of the major histocompatibility complex. previous molecular and functional analyses of rat and human tap2 homologues indicated major differences in gene diversification patterns and selectivity of peptides transported. therefore, in this study, we analyzed the alleles of the gorill ... | 1996 | 8662084 |
| region-specific yac banding and painting probes for comparative genome mapping: implications for the evolution of human chromosome 2. | to date, several hundred nonchimeric yeast artificial chromosomes (yacs) from the centre d'etude du polymorphisme humain containing polymorphic sequence-tagged sites have been mapped by fluoresence in situ hybridization (fish) on human metaphase chromosomes. because they carry an average of 1 mb of human genomic dna, ceph yacs generate high-intensity in situ hybridization signals. the available set of cytogenetically and genetically anchored yacs, approximately one every 5-10 cm evenly spaced ov ... | 1996 | 8662246 |
| primate phylogeny: morphological vs. molecular results. | our comparative study of morphological (our data on selected living primates) and molecular characters (from the literature) confirms that, overall, phylogenetic reconstructions of primates, and consequently their classifications, are more similar than dissimilar. when data from fossil primates are incorporated, there may be several possible relationships among living primates; the difference between most of them hinges mainly on the position of tarsius. in one hypothesis, tarsiers are closely r ... | 1996 | 8673281 |
| the gorilla and the question of human origins: the brain controversy. | 1996 | 8675985 | |
| a complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the western lowland gorilla. | the complete mitochondrial dna (mtdna) molecule of the gorilla was sequenced. the entire sequence, 16,412 nucleotides, was determined by analysis of natural (not polymerase chain reaction) restriction fragments covering the whole molecule. the sequence was established from one individual and thus nonchimeric. after comparison with the coii gene of gorilla specimens with known geographical origin, the sequence was identified as characteristic of the western lowland gorilla, gorilla gorilla gorill ... | 1996 | 8676744 |
| probability distribution of molecular evolutionary trees: a new method of phylogenetic inference. | a new method is presented for inferring evolutionary trees using nucleotide sequence data. the birth-death process is used as a model of speciation and extinction to specify the prior distribution of phylogenies and branching times. nucleotide substitution is modeled by a continuous-time markov process. parameters of the branching model and the substitution model are estimated by maximum likelihood. the posterior probabilities of different phylogenies are calculated and the phylogeny with the hi ... | 1996 | 8703097 |
| rapid allelic diversification and intensified selection at antigen recognition sites of the mhc class ii dpb1 locus during hominoid evolution. | the evolution of polymorphism at the mhc class ii dpb1 locus was studied by comparison of chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), pygmy chimpanzee (pan paniscus), gorilla (gorilla gorilla) and human dpb1 alleles. extensive polymorphism was found in all hominoids. the clustering of sequences in the phylogenetic tree is consistent with rapid generation of the dpb1 polymorphism. analysis of the substitution pattern for human alleles shows an excess of non-synonymous changes to synonymous changes at antigen r ... | 1996 | 8740771 |
| alveolar hydatidosis in a gorilla and a ring-tailed lemur in japan. | alveolar hydatidosis by echinococcus multilocularis (em) infection occurred on a 22-year-old (approx.) male gorilla (gorilla gorilla) and a 4-year-old female ring-tailed lemur (lemur catta) in a zoo, in hokkaido, japan. case 1: the gorilla presented neurologic signs in course of nine months and died. pathologically, alveolar hydatid lesions were found in the liver, the liver-associated lymph nodes, the cerebrum, and the lungs. a protoscolex was found only in one hepatic cyst. case 2: in the lemu ... | 1996 | 8741606 |
| mitochondrial dna migration events in yeast and humans: integration by a common end-joining mechanism and alternative perspectives on nucleotide substitution patterns. | in contrast to extensive infiltration of plant nuclear genomes by mitochondrial and chloroplast dna fragments, a computer assessment method could only detect seven mitochondrial dna integration events in saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomes and five examples of dna migration into mammalian nuclear genes. no evidence could be detected for mitochondrial dna insertion into chromosome iii of caenorhabditis elegans or in nuclear dna sequences of drosophila sp. or plasmodium falciparum. thus, the quan ... | 1996 | 8742642 |
| regional localization of human m-bcr gene to chromosome 23 band q11 in the great apes. | we hybridized a human m-bcr dna probe to the chromosomes of chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), gorilla (gorilla gorilla) and orangutan (pongo pygmaeus) by fish-technique. the human m-bcr gene was localized to chromosome 23 band q11 (23q11), which is equivalent to the human chromosome 22 band q11 in all three species. the conservation of m-bcr gene in higher primates at the corresponding human chromosome locus provides phylogenetic clues concerning the evolution of genes. | 1996 | 8765683 |
| primate origin of the cmt1a-rep repeat and analysis of a putative transposon-associated recombinational hotspot. | the cmt1a-rep repeat on chromosome 17p11.2-12 is proposed to mediate misalignment and meiotic unequal crossover leading to a 1.5 mb pair duplication associated with charcot-marie-tooth neuropathy type 1a (cmt1a) and a reciprocal deletion associated with hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (hnpp). restriction enzyme endonuclease mapping indicated that the size of the cmt1a-rep repeat is approximately 24 kb and dna sequence analysis determined that the repeat is flanked by inv ... | 1996 | 8776588 |
| a comparison of tspy genes from y-chromosomal dna of the great apes and humans: sequence, evolution, and phylogeny. | the genes for testis-specific protein y (tspy) were sequenced from chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), gorilla (gorilla gorilla), orangutan (pongo pygmaeus), and baboon (papio hamadryas). the sequences were compared with each other and with the published human sequence. substitutions were detected at 144 of the 755 nucleotide positions compared. in overviewing five sequences, one deletion in human, four successive nucleotide insertions in orangutan, and seven deletions/insertions in baboon sequence we ... | 1996 | 8798990 |
| mitochondrial dna diversity in gorillas. | a highly variable portion of the mitochondrial dna control region was sequenced in 63 free-living and captive gorillas including representatives of the three recognized subspecies. this region has proven useful for evaluation of relative levels of genetic variability in populations, for clarification of the subspecies identity of a wild population, and for examination of the phylogenetic relationships of the three subspecies. the eastern lowland (gorilla gorilla graueri) and mountain gorilla (go ... | 1996 | 8812304 |
| phylogenetic relationship among the malaria parasites based on small subunit rrna gene sequences: monophyletic nature of the human malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum. | we analyzed the small subunit ribosomal rna (ssurrna) gene sequences from 13 malaria species parasitic to humans, chimpanzees/gorillas, old world monkeys, rodents, birds, and lizards in order to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships among the plasmodium species. the ssurrna genes of plasmodium vivax and p. ovale were sequenced by the dideoxy method in our laboratory; other sequences were retrived from genbank. these sequences were aligned with the ssurrna gene sequence of outgroup species, ... | 1996 | 8812316 |
| duplication of a gene-rich cluster between 16p11.1 and xq28: a novel pericentromeric-directed mechanism for paralogous genome evolution. | we have identified a 26.5 kb gene-rich duplication shared by human xq28 and 16p11.1. complete comparative sequence analysis of cosmids from both loci has revealed identical xq28 and 16p11.1 genomic structures for both the human creatine transporter gene (slc6a8) and five exons of the cdm gene (dxs1357e). overall nucleotide similarity within the duplication was found to be 94.6%, suggesting that this interchromosomal duplication occurred within recent evolutionary time (7-10 mya). based on compar ... | 1996 | 8817324 |
| molecular evolution of the n-formyl peptide and c5a receptors in non-human primates. | n-formyl peptides (fmlp) and complement fragment c5a are neutrophil chemoattractants. in humans, a single-copy gene was identified for the c5a receptor, and the receptor for fmlp (fpr1) is encoded by a single gene that shows 53% amino acid similarity to the c5ar. two other human fpr1 homologues, fpr-like 1 (fpr2/fprl1) and fpr-like 2 (fprl2) have been cloned. the human c5ar, fpr1, fprl1, and fprl2 are physically linked. by direct sequencing or by sequencing plasmid clones we studied the c5ar and ... | 1996 | 8824156 |
| nonneutral mitochondrial dna variation in humans and chimpanzees. | we sequenced the nadh dehydrogenase subunit 3 (nd3) gene from a sample of 61 humans, five common chimpanzees, and one gorilla to test whether patterns of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) variation are consistent with a neutral model of molecular evolution. within humans and within chimpanzees, the ratio of replacement to silent nucleotide substitutions was higher than observed in comparisons between species, contrary to neutral expectations. to test the generality of this result, we reanalyzed publishe ... | 1996 | 8849901 |
| structure and content of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i regions of the great anthropoid apes. | the origins of the functional class i genes predated human speciation, a phenomenon known as trans-speciation. the retention of class ia orthologues within the great apes, however, has not been paralleled by studies designed to examine the pseudogene content, organization, and structure of their class i regions. therefore, we have begun the systematic characterization of the old world primate mhcs. the numbers and sizes of fragments harboring class i sequences were similar among the chimpanzee, ... | 1996 | 8872161 |
| evolution of mhc class i genes in higher primates. | the classical major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i genes are conserved in higher primates. motifs common to human, chimpanzee and gorilla alleles indicate that class i alleles diverged from ancestral sequences that existed before separation of these species. analysis of native human populations such as australian aborigines and amerindians shows that hla-b is characterized by rapid generation of new alleles. hla-a and -c appear to be evolving more slowly. comparison of alleles for orth ... | 1996 | 8872186 |
| transporter associated with antigen-processing-1 (tap1) alleles in gorilla gorilla: diversification of the locus postspeciation. | the transporter associated with antigen-processing (tap) proteins are required for the transport of cytosolic peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum for assembly with class i major histocompatibility molecules. in the rat, allelic variants of the tap genes impart specificity to the process of peptide transport. however, differential transport has yet to be demonstrated with the human molecules. tap genes from humans and rodents have been studied thus far; analysis of another species more closel ... | 1996 | 8891732 |
| subchondral plate thickness reflects tensile stress in the primate acetabulum. | to evaluate possible relationships between body size and articular architecture, femoral head radius and subchondral plate thickness were assessed in skeletal hip joints from normal primates. the relative "contact pressure" on bearing surfaces was estimated from the measured radius and the normal body mass in species ranging from cebuella pygmaea (0.1 kg) to gorilla gorilla (170 kg). subchondral plate thickness was evaluated by computed tomography in species ranging from cercopithecus neglectus ... | 1996 | 8893781 |
| characterization of two baboon surfactant protein a genes. | the gene encoding surfactant protein a (sp-a) is expressed in type ii pneumonocytes and is developmentally and hormonally regulated in fetal lung tissue. sp-a is encoded by a single-copy gene in rabbits, dogs, rats, and mice. by contrast, the human genome contains two similar genes, hsp-a1 and hsp-a2, which are differentially regulated during development and differentially regulated by adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (camp) and glucocorticoid treatment of human fetal lung in culture. in the ... | 1996 | 8897910 |
| assignment of human mycn proto-oncogene to chromosome band 12q24 in higher primates. | controversies concerning the reduction of chromosome number from 48 to 46 in humans by putative fusion of two ape chromosomes still persist. nevertheless, abundant evidence suggests that human chromosome 2 was derived by fusion. consequently, the recent availability of the human mycn gene probe which was localized to 2p24.3 facilitated our search for its location in the human equivalent chromosome(s) of chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), gorilla (gorilla gorilla) and orangutan (pongo pygmaeus). in al ... | 1996 | 8921863 |
| interspecific variation at the y-linked rps4y locus in hominoids: implications for phylogeny. | within- and between-species variation in restriction endonuclease recognition sites was examined at the y-linked rps4y locus of six hominoid species: human (homo sapiens), gorilla (gorilla gorilla), chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), bonobo (pan paniscus), orangutan (pongo pygmaeus), and gibbon (hylobates lar). rps4y is an expressed gene that maps to the non-recombining region of the y chromosome. an approximately 1,490 base pair fragment of the rps4y gene, including all of intron 3, was amplified by ... | 1996 | 8922180 |
| morphometric variation in plio-pleistocene hominid distal humeri. | the magnitude and meaning of morphological variation among plio-pleistocene hominid distal humeri have been recurrent points of disagreement among paleoanthropologists. some researchers have found noteworthy differences among fossil humeri that they believe merit taxonomic separation, while others question the possibility of accurately sorting these fossils into different species and/or functional groups. size and shape differences among fossil distal humeri are evaluated here to determine wheth ... | 1996 | 8922185 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of epi-1, the major protein in chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) cauda epididymal fluid. | a 27-kda glycoprotein comprises approximately 20% of the total protein in chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) cauda epididymal fluid. polyclonal antibodies generated against this glycoprotein react with 27- and 25-kda components in chimpanzee cauda epididymal fluid and in human, gorilla, chimpanzee, and monkey seminal fluid. according to microsequencing, the 27- and 25-kda components (chimpanzee epi-1) are identical to the cloned putative human epididymal protein he1. screening of a chimpanzee epididym ... | 1996 | 8924506 |
| appearance of ossification centers of the lower arm, wrist, lower leg, and ankle in immature orangutans and chimpanzees with an assessment of the relationship of ossification to dental development. | this study examines the appearance of the secondary ossification centers in the lower arms, wrists, lower legs, and ankles of a cross-sectional sample of 20 infant orangutans and chimpanzees (15 of known age). the number of tarsal and carpal centers is analyzed relative to the degree of m1 development and the weight of individual animals. variation in the appearance of these ossification centers is discussed relative to these variables and others. in addition, a sequence of appearance is establi ... | 1996 | 8928720 |
| ontogeny of body size variation in african apes. | size variation in african apes (gorilla gorilla [gorilla], pan paniscus [pygmy chimpanzee], and pan troglodytes ["common" chimpanzee]) is substantial, both within and between species. we investigate the possible evolutionary significance of this variation through an analysis of the ontogeny of size variation in this group. in addition, we highlight possible areas of future endocrinological research, and evaluate recently proposed alternative models that attempt to account for ontogenetic variati ... | 1996 | 8928723 |
| identification of the rhesus monkey hla-g ortholog. mamu-g is a pseudogene. | hla-g is a nonclassical mhc class i molecule that is primarily expressed in the placenta. to investigate whether rhesus monkeys possess an hla-g ortholog, we cloned and sequenced mhc class i cdnas from the rhesus placenta. we identified two rhesus mhc class i cdnas with sequence similarity to hla-g. each cdna contained premature stop codons and frameshift mutations, suggesting that it was derived from an mhc class i pseudogene. gene trees constructed using mhc class i alleles from human and nonh ... | 1996 | 8955191 |
| polyclonal lymphoid tumor of the choroid plexus presenting as an intraventricular mass in a young gorilla. | an unusual lymphoid lesion with reactive germinal centers, occurring in the choroid plexus of a young gorilla, is reported. it presented as a large mass in the lateral ventricle with hydrocephalus and neurological symptoms. a work-up did not reveal any underlying cause for this lesion. no similar lesion of the choroid plexus has been reported in either human or veterinary literature. histological work-up, including flow cytometry, gene rearrangement studies and t and b cell markers, favored the ... | 1996 | 8960321 |
| sex differences in the sciatic notch of great apes and modern humans. | the sciatic notch has been widely used as a sexing criterion in modern humans. in order to better understand the sex differences of this feature in modern humans and great apes, four measurements of the sciatic notch were taken on samples of modern humans and great apes of known sex. univariate (anova) analysis and discriminant function analysis were performed on the extant taxa to determine: (1) the discriminating power of each variable in these samples of known group membership; and (2) which ... | 1996 | 8967329 |
| a unique genomic sequence in the wolf-hirschhorn syndrome [whs] region of humans is conserved in the great apes. | the wolf-hirschhorn syndrome (whs) is caused by a partial deletion in the short arm of chromosome 4 band 16.3 (4p 16.3). a unique-sequence human dna probe (39 kb) localized within this region has been used to search for sequence homology in the apes' equivalent chromosome 3 by fish-technique. the whs loci are conserved in higher primates at the expected position. nevertheless, a control probe, which detects alphoid sequences of the pericentromeric region of humans, is diverged in chimpanzee, gor ... | 1996 | 8976066 |
| pattern and timing of evolutionary divergences among hominoids based on analyses of complete mtdnas. | we have examined and dated primate divergences by applying a newly established molecular/ paleontological reference, the evolutionary separation between artiodactyls and cetaceans anchored at 60 million years before present (mybp). owing to the morphological transformations coinciding with the transition from terrestrial to aquatic (marine) life and the large body size of the animals (which makes their fossils easier to find), this reference can be defined, paleontologically, within much narrowe ... | 1996 | 8995062 |
| rapid conversion of myelin-associated glycoprotein to a soluble derivative in primates. | myelin-associated glycoprotein (mag) is susceptible to proteolysis by a calcium-activated neutral protease which is located in myelin. the conversion of mag (m(r) 100,000) to its soluble derivative dmag (m(r) 90,000) occurs much more rapidly in myelin from human white matter than in myelin from rat brain, and the rate of formation of dmag is increased even more in myelin from white matter of patients with multiple sclerosis (ms). the mag to dmag conversion was studied in several species, ranging ... | 1996 | 9001700 |
| immunoreactive cytokines within primates. | peripheral blood mononuclear cells of primates (man, orang utan, gorilla, baboon), rodents (mouse, rat), carnivores (cat, dog), artiodactyls (cattle, goat, pig) and perissodactyls (horse) were isolated and stimulated with mitogens (5 micrograms/ml lps, 5 micrograms/ml pha) at 37 degrees c. cytokines immunoreactive to monoclonal antibodies (mab) directed to human cytokines (tnf-alpha, il-1 alpha, il-2, il-6, ifn-gamma) could be detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in the case of ... | 1996 | 9011156 |
| monoclonal antibodies directed against human rh antigens in tests with red cells of non-human primates. | human anti-d (rho) monoclonal antibodies (mabs) of the igg (70) and igm (27) classes were tested with red blood cells (rbcs) of various non-human primates, from anthropoid apes to new world monkeys. significant differences in reactivity were observed among antibodies of two classes depending on taxonomic position of primate animals. only igm mabs gave positive reactions (9 out of 18 mabs) with blood of old world monkeys. allotypic reactions with rbcs of african apes were produced by a majority o ... | 1996 | 9018786 |
| allelic diversity at the primate mhc-g locus: exon 3 bears stop codons in all cercopithecinae sequences. | twenty-seven major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-g exon 2, exon 3, and exon 2 and 3 allelic sequences were obtained together with 12 different intron 2 sequences. homo sapiens, pan troglodytes, pan paniscus, gorilla gorilla, pongo pygmaeus, macaca fascicularis, macaca mulatta, and cercopithecus aethiops individuals were studied. polymorphism does not follow the classical pattern of three hypervariable regions per domain and is found in all species studied; exon 3 (equivalent to the alpha 2 pr ... | 1996 | 8606053 |
| preparing its first national brand, columbia seeds an identity among its local hospitals. columbia/hca, nashville, tennessee. | columbia/hca, the industry's 800-pound gorilla, is at last building a national brand. in the process, it has created one of the largest-circulation in-house magazines in the u.s. and found a way to build an enviable direct mail database at the same time. | 1996 | 10161965 |
| gorillas of bwindi-impenetrable forest and the virunga volcanoes: taxonomic implications of morphological and ecological differences. | based on their geographic proximity to the virunga volcanoes (≈ 25 km), the bwindi-impenetrable forest gorillas have been referred to the subspecies gorilla gorilla beringei. differences in anatomy, habitat, ecology, and behavior, however, suggest bwindi gorillas are distinct from those in the virungas. relative to virunga gorillas, bwindi gorillas live at lower elevations, in warmer temperatures, are much more arboreal, have longer day ranges and larger home ranges, and eat much more fruit and ... | 1996 | 31918511 |
| evolution and the origins of man: clues from complete sequences of hominoid mitochondrial dna. | dating the origins of homo sapiens sapiens is a central problem in human population genetics and anthropology. do we descend from a single recent ancestral population in africa, or from multiple ancestral populations in various regions of the world which one million years ago simultaneously began developing into h.s.sapiens? the high substitution rate of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) makes this molecule suitable for genealogical and chronological research on closely related hominoid species. we have ... | 1995 | 8629095 |
| learn to manage the gorilla. | 1995 | 10156668 | |
| concerted evolution of the tandemly repeated genes encoding primate u2 small nuclear rna (the rnu2 locus) does not prevent rapid diversification of the (ct)n.(ga)n microsatellite embedded within the u2 repeat unit. | the rnu2 locus encoding human u2 small nuclear rna (snrna) is organized as a nearly perfect tandem array containing 5 to 22 copies of a 5.8-kb repeat unit. just downstream of the u2 snrna gene in each 5.8-kb repeat unit lies a large (ct)n.(ga)n dinucleotide repeat (n approximately equal to 70). this form of genomic organization, in which one repeat is embedded within another, provides an unusual opportunity to study the balance of forces maintaining the homogeneity of both kinds of repeats. usin ... | 1995 | 8825646 |
| hominoid phylogeny estimated by model selection using goodness of fit significance tests. | phylogeny estimation from nucleotide sequence data may be thought of as a problem of choosing between different evolutionary models that vary with the branching pattern of the phylogeny and with the stochastic process of nucleotide sequence change occurring on the branches of the phylogenetic tree. thus, each evolutionary model consists of both a particular stochastic process and a particular phylogeny. such models produce multinomial distributions of nucleotide character patterns. as first sugg ... | 1995 | 8845964 |
| telomeres of higher primates. | the telomeres of gorilla, chimpanzee and human peripheral blood cells have been examined by hybridization to an oligonucleotide probe, (ttaggg)4, following conventional and pulsed-field electrophoresis procedures. the mspi site present near the chromosome terminus undergoes methylation in gorilla, chimpanzee and human genome as shown by the hpaii digestion. minor (ttaggg)4-hybridizing sequences have been also detected in the chimpanzee hindiii and mspi digests. | 1995 | 8653088 |
| minimum description principle applied to construction of molecular phylogenetic tree. | ever since the discovery of a molecular clock (constancy of molecular evolutionary rate), many methods have been developed to estimate the molecular evolutionary phylogenetic trees from the homologous nucleic sequences of different species. in this paper, we deal with this problem from the view point of an inductive inference, and apply rissanen's minimum description length principle to extract the minimum complexity phylogenetic tree. five mitochondrial dna sequences from human, common chimpanz ... | 1995 | 8591579 |
| effects of ontogeny and sexual dimorphism on scapula morphology in the mountain gorilla (gorilla gorilla beringei). | scapular measurements were obtained from growth series of the sexually dimorphic mountain gorilla (gorilla gorilla beringei). juveniles, subadults, and adults were compared to determine if scapula morphology varies with age. analyses reveal significant (p < 0.05) differences in scapula form for shape ratios of length vs. breadth, length vs. infraspinous fossa length, and length vs. spine length. males and females were also compared to determine if sexual dimorphism in scapula morphology is a con ... | 1995 | 8599379 |
| increased microsatellite variability in macaca mulatta compared to humans due to a large scale deletion/insertion event during primate evolution. | human (gata)n microsatellites d12s66 and d12s67 could be successfully amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in various species of apes and monkeys. in 86 unrelated animals of the most intensively studied species macaca mulatta we demonstrated five alleles at "d12d66" differing in size in increments of 4 bp (159-175 bp), whereas 17 alleles were observed at locus "d12s67". the alleles of the latter locus are distributed in two separate groups with no alleles of intermediate size. six allele ... | 1995 | 8582342 |
| recent african origin of modern humans revealed by complete sequences of hominoid mitochondrial dnas. | we analyzed the complete mitochondrial dna (mtdna) sequences of three humans (african, european, and japanese), three african apes (common and pygmy chimpanzees, and gorilla), and one orangutan in an attempt to estimate most accurately the substitution rates and divergence times of hominoid mtdnas. nonsynonymous substitutions and substitutions in rna genes have accumulated with an approximately clock-like regularity. from these substitutions and under the assumption that the orangutan and africa ... | 1995 | 7530363 |
| structural analysis of the rh-like blood group gene products in nonhuman primates. | rh-related transcripts present in bone marrow samples from several species of nonhuman primates (chimpanzee, gorilla, gibbon, crab-eating macaque) have been amplified by rt-polymerase chain reaction using primers deduced from the sequence of human rh genes. nucleotide sequence analysis of the nonhuman transcripts revealed a high degree of similarity to human blood group rh sequences, suggesting a great conservation of the rh genes throughout evolution. full-length transcripts, potentially encodi ... | 1995 | 7536710 |
| the presence of prostate-specific antigen-related genes in primates and the expression of recombinant human prostate-specific antigen in a transfected murine cell line. | human prostate-specific antigen (psa) has been shown as an aid in the early detection of prostate cancer (w. j. catalona et al., j. am. med. assoc., 270: 948-954, 1993) and was approved in 1994 by the food and drug administration for early detection of prostate cancer. immunotherapies directed against psa have been suggested in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. one of the essential questions is to define which nonhuman species express psa for experimental studies. using southern blot ana ... | 1995 | 7538903 |
| nuclear counterparts of the cytoplasmic mitochondrial 12s rrna gene: a problem of ancient dna and molecular phylogenies. | monkey mummy bones and teeth originating from the north saqqara baboon galleries (egypt), soft tissue from a mummified baboon in a museum collection, and nineteenth/twentieth-century skin fragments from mangabeys were used for dna extraction and pcr amplification of part of the mitochondrial 12s rrna gene. sequences aligning with the 12s rrna gene were recovered but were only distantly related to contemporary monkey mitochondrial 12s rrna sequences. however, many of these sequences were identica ... | 1995 | 7543951 |
| a common mutation in the hominoid class i a-locus ifn-responsive element results in the loss of enhancer activity. | despite the observed coordinate expression of hla-a and -b antigens in somatic tissues, there is growing evidence that the a and b class i genes are differentially regulated at the transcriptional level. previous studies indicate that this may be related to locus-specific structural differences in certain enhancer elements. we have recently examined the 5' proximal regulatory regions of the a and b homologs in the higher non-human primates and found pronounced differences between the loci. seque ... | 1995 | 7547711 |
| the chimpanzee alpha-fetoprotein-encoding gene shows structural similarity to that of gorilla but distinct differences from that of human. | the chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) alpha-fetoprotein (afp)-encoding gene (afp) spans 18,867 bp from the transcription start point to the polyadenylation site, and the nucleotide (nt) sequence reveals that the gene is composed of 15 exons, which are symmetrically placed within three domains of afp. in addition, we report 3121 bp of 5'-flanking sequence and 4886 bp of 3'-flanking sequence. the entire 26,874 bp of contiguous dna reported here was determined from three overlapping lambda phage clones. ... | 1995 | 7557431 |
| gorilla and orangutan c-myc nucleotide sequences: inference on hominoid phylogeny. | the nucleotide sequences of the gorilla and orangutan myc loci have been determined by the dideoxy nucleotide method. as previously observed in the human and chimpanzee sequences, an open reading frame (orf) of 188 codons overlapping exon 1 could be deduced from the gorilla sequence. however, no such orf appeared in the orangutan sequence. the two sequences were aligned with those of human and chimpanzee as hominoids and of gibbon and marmoset as outgroups of hominoids. the branching order in th ... | 1995 | 7563112 |
| presence and abundance of cenp-b box sequences in great ape subsets of primate-specific alpha-satellite dna. | cenp-b, a highly conserved centromere-associated protein, binds to alpha-satellite dna, the centromeric satellite of primate chromosomes, at a 17-bp sequence, the cenp-b box. by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) with an oligomer specific for the cenp-b box sequence, we have demonstrated the abundance of cenp-b boxes on all chromosomes (except the y) of humans, chimpanzee, pygmy chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan. this sequence motif was not detected in the genomes of other primates, incl ... | 1995 | 7563136 |
| evolution of the cryptic fmr1 cgg repeat. | we have sequenced the 5' untranslated region of the orthologous fmr1 gene from 44 species of mammals. the cgg repeat is present in each species, suggesting conservation of the repeat over 150 million years of mammalian radiation. most mammals possess small contiguous repeats (mean number of repeats = 8.0 +/- 0.8), but in primates, the repeats are larger (mean = 20.0 +/- 2.3) and more highly interrupted. parsimony analysis predicts that enlargement of the fmr1 cgg repeat beyond 20 triplets has oc ... | 1995 | 7581454 |
| comparative mapping of yrrm- and tspy-related cosmids in man and hominoid apes. | using chromosomal in situ hybridization it has been demonstrated that specific members of the yrrm and the tspy families are multicopy and y chromosome specific in hominoids. after hybridization with the yrrm-related cosmid a5f and the tspy-related cosmids cos36 and cy91, a reverse and complementary pattern of main and secondary signals is detected on the y chromosomes of the human, the pygmy chimpanzee and the gorilla, while the location of signals coincides on the y chromosomes of the chimpanz ... | 1995 | 7606360 |
| evolution of a repeat sequence in the parathyroid hormone-related peptide gene in primates. | a polymorphism of the variable number of tandem repeat (vntr) type is located 97 bp downstream of exon vi of the parathyroid hormone-related peptide (pthrp) gene in humans. the repeat unit has the general sequence g(ta)nc, where n equals 4-11. in order to characterize the evolutionary history of this vntr, we initially tested for its presence in 13 different species representing four main groups of living primates. the sequence is present in the human, great apes, and old world monkeys, but not ... | 1995 | 7647463 |
| the nerve supply to coracobrachialis in apes. | the origin of the nerve supply to coracobrachialis from the brachial plexus in apes was investigated in 4 arms from 4 chimpanzees, both arms of a gorilla and 4 arms from 4 gibbons. the general architecture of the brachial plexus was the same as in the human. in the apes examined, the nerves supplying this muscle could be classified into 2 groups: (1) distal branches arising from the musculocutaneous nerve, and (2) proximal branches arising in the region of the lateral cord. on the basis of their ... | 1995 | 7649839 |
| conservation of the down syndrome critical region in humans and great apes. | a quarter century ago, a chimpanzee with trisomy 22 was reported to have the clinical manifestation of down syndrome. the features of down syndrome in human have been associated with chromosome 21 band q22.3. the recent availability of chromosome and loci specific probes has prompted us to utilize the human cosmid probe (d21s65) for the trisomy 21 region in the chromosomes of the chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), gorilla (gorilla gorilla) and orangutan (pongo pygmeus). interestingly, the hybridizati ... | 1995 | 7665094 |
| the genomic sequence for prader-willi/angelman syndromes' loci of human is apparently conserved in the great apes. | chromosomal changes through pericentric inversions play an important role in the origin of species. certain pericentric inversions are too minute to be detected cytogenetically, thus hindering the complete reconstruction of hominoid phylogeny. the advent of the fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) technique has facilitated the identification of many chromosomal segments, even at the single gene level. therefore the cosmid probe for prader-willi (pws)/angelman syndrome to the loci on human c ... | 1995 | 7666455 |
| identification of human skeletal muscle from a tissue fragment by detection of human myoglobin using a double-sandwich elisa. | a method for identifying human skeletal muscle by detection of human myoglobin using a double-sandwich elisa was developed. when an extract was prepared from 0.1 g skeletal muscle homogenized with 10 ml pbs, this method was able to detect human myoglobin in extracts diluted 10(4)-fold. there was no difference in the detection limit between individuals or sites of origin of skeletal muscles. species specificity was good and no cross reaction occurred with skeletal muscle from other animals except ... | 1995 | 7713460 |
| conservation of sequences between human and gorilla lineages: adp-ribosyltransferase (nad+) pseudogene 1 and neighboring retroposons. | the evolution of adp-ribosyltransferase (nad+) pseudogene 1 (adprtp1) was studied among higher primates. when the human pseudogene was used to probe genomic dna from chimpanzee, gorilla, macaque, howler monkey and lemur, a fragment from gorilla produced the most intense hybridization signal. the resultant hybridization pattern indicated a modified pseudogene structure in these primates relative to the human and gorilla loci. sequence comparison of this new dna locus (adprtp1 and surrounding retr ... | 1995 | 7721098 |
| human (homo sapiens) and chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) share similar ancestral centromeric alpha satellite dna sequences but other fractions of heterochromatin differ considerably. | the euchromatic regions of chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) genome share approximately 98% sequence similarity with the human (homo sapiens), while the heterochromatic regions display considerable divergence. positive heterochromatic regions revealed by the cbg-technique are confined to pericentromeric areas in humans, while in chimpanzees, these regions are pericentromeric, telomeric, and intercalary. when human chromosomes are digested with restriction endonuclease alui and stained by giemsa (alui ... | 1995 | 7726296 |
| intestinal parasites of sympatric gorillas and chimpanzees in the lopé reserve, gabon. | a coprological survey of intestinal parasites of wild chimpanzees (pan t. troglodytes) and western lowland gorillas (gorilla g. gorilla) was carried out in the lopé reserve in central gabon. most samples (69%) were positive but the prevalence of intestinal parasites in the 61 gorilla samples (84%) was higher than in the 66 chimpanzee samples (56%). at least 11 species of parasite were observed: six protozoan, one trematode and at least four nematodes. six of the species were found in gorillas an ... | 1995 | 7741597 |
| the immunoglobulin kappa locus of primates. | the immunoglobulin kappa genes of nonhuman primates were studied by using sequence information and hybridization probes derived from the human kappa gene regions. the following results were obtained: (1) v kappa gene probes of the three major human kappa subgroups hybridized to restriction nuclease digests of dna from the chimpanzees pan troglodytes (ptr) and pan paniscus (ppa), the gorilla gorilla gorilla (ggo), the orangutan pongo pygmaeus (ppy), the macaque macaca mulatta (mmu), the marmoset ... | 1995 | 7759095 |
| analysis of gc-rich repetitive nucleotide sequences in great apes. | the genomes of four primate species, belonging to the families pongidae (chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan) and hylobatidae (gibbons), have been analyzed for the presence and organization of two human gc-rich heterochromatic repetitive sequences: beta satellite (beta sat) and longsau (lsau) repeats. by southern blot hybridization and pcr, both families of repeats were detected in all the analyzed species, thus indicating their origin in an ape ancestor. in the chimpanzee and gorilla, as in man, ... | 1995 | 7769618 |
| relative size and evolution of the germline repertoire of t-cell receptor beta-chain gene segments in nonhuman primates. | the mammalian t-cell receptor (tcr) gene complexes exist as multiple tandemly arrayed gene segments that have apparently arisen by gene duplication mechanisms. a study of the number of tcr germline gene segments in several primate species might provide insight into the relative rate and patterns of gene duplication and deletion within these gene complexes. dna probes from the tcr beta-chain variable (tcrbv) region gene segment subfamilies 1 through 25 and the constant region gene segment were se ... | 1995 | 7774912 |
| identification of abo alleles on forensic-type specimens using rapid-abo genotyping. | historically, forensic and clinical laboratories utilize serological techniques to identify abo blood types. these techniques rely on the detection of abo-associated proteins and are sensitive with very accurate results. this laboratory has simplified the identification of abo types by taking advantage of previously reported abo dna sequence differences. the rapid-abo technique involves a two-step process: (i) amplification of dna samples using primer sets specific for the abo alleles and (ii) e ... | 1995 | 7779399 |
| comparative mapping of dna probes derived from the v kappa immunoglobulin gene regions on human and great ape chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization. | fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) of cosmid clones of human v kappa gene regions to human and primate chromosomes contributed to the dating of chromosome reorganizations in evolution. a clone from the kappa locus at 2p11-p12 (cos 106) hybridized to the assumed homologous chromosome bands in the chimpanzees pan troglodytes (ptr) and p. paniscus (ppa), the gorilla gorilla (ggo), and the orangutan pongo pygmaeus (ppy). human and both chimpanzees differed from gorilla and orangutan by the ma ... | 1995 | 7782075 |
| comparative mapping of human alphoid sequences in great apes using fluorescence in situ hybridization. | twenty-seven human alphoid dna probes have been hybridized in situ to metaphase spreads of the common chimpanzee (ptr), the pigmy chimpanzee (ppa), and the gorilla (ggo) to investigate the evolutionary relationship between the centromeric regions of the great ape chromosomes. the surprising results showed that the vast majority of the probes did not recognize their corresponding homologous chromosomes. alphoid sequences belonging to the suprachromosomal family 1 (chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 1 ... | 1995 | 7789981 |
| construction of molecular evolutionary phylogenetic trees from dna sequences based on minimum complexity principle. | ever since the discovery of a molecular clock, many methods have been developed to reconstruct the molecular evolutionary phylogenetic trees. in this paper, we deal with the problem from the viewpoint of an inductive inference and apply rissanen's minimum description length principle to extract the minimum complexity phylogenetic tree. our method describes the complexity of the molecular phylogenetic tree by three terms which are related to the tree topology, the sum of the branch lengths and th ... | 1995 | 7796581 |
| complement component c4 gene intron 9 as a phylogenetic marker for primates: long terminal repeats of the endogenous retrovirus erv-k(c4) are a molecular clock of evolution. | the complement component c4 genes of old world primates exhibit a long/short dichotomous size variation, except that chimpanzee and gorilla only contain short c4 genes. in human it has been shown that the long c4 gene is attributed to the integration of an endogenous retrovirus, herv-k(c4), into intron 9. this 6.36 kilobase retroviral element is absent in short c4 genes. here it is shown that the homologous endogenous retrovirus, erv-k(c4), is present precisely at the same position in the long c ... | 1995 | 7797267 |