Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| prevalence of listeria monocytogenes in, and microbiological and sensory quality of, rainbow trout, whitefish, and vendace roes from finnish retail markets. | the prevalence of listeria monocytogenes in retail roe, as well as the microbiological and sensory qualities of the roe, were studied for three fish species under three different storage conditions. a total of 147 finnish rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), whitefish (coregonus lavaretus), vendace (coregonus albula), and burbot (lota lota) roe samples were bought fresh, frozen, or frozen-thawed from finnish retail markets. the overall prevalence of l. monocytogenes was 5%; however, the prevalen ... | 2003 | 14572220 |
| mitochondrial dna variation of gyrodactylus spp (monogenea, gyrodactylidae) populations infecting atlantic salmon, grayling, and rainbow trout in norway and sweden. | approximately 800 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i (coi) gene were sequenced from 76 gyrodactylus specimens of 32 salmonid host populations, i.e. from salmo salar, thymallus thymallus, and oncorhynchus mykiss in norway, sweden and latvia. the coi sequences indicated a substantial intraspecific differentiation of gyrodactylus salaris and gyrodactylus thymalli. in total, 12 haplotypes were identified which group into five well supported clades, three clades with parasites from atlantic ... | 2003 | 14572510 |
| molecular cloning of the beta subunit of complement component eight of rainbow trout. | complement-mediated killing of pathogens through the lytic pathway is an important effector mechanism of the innate immune response. c8 is one of the components of the lytic pathway and is composed of an alpha, beta, and gamma subunit. in the present study we report the cloning and characterization of the primary structure of the c8beta subunit in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the deduced amino acid sequence of trout c8beta shows 72 and 47% identity with that of japanese flounder and ... | 2003 | 12590968 |
| antigen recognition by rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) of whole cell proteins expressed by lactococcus garvieae when obtained directly from fish and under iron limited culture conditions. | infection by lactococcus garvieae has become a widely recognised problem associated with intensively cultured fish. long-term control of fish infections may be possible by vaccination providing a suitable and efficacious epitope is expressed during production of cells used for vaccine preparation. the identification of novel vaccine candidates must, therefore, consider how the host species recognises and responds to bacterial cell components. l. garvieae was cultured in iron deficient, limited a ... | 2003 | 12591207 |
| an in vivo microdialysis method for the qualitative analysis of hepatic phase i metabolites of phenol in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | development of reliable and accurate methodologies for determination of xenobiotic hepatic biotransformation rate and capacity parameters is important to the derivation of precise physiologically-based toxicokinetic (pb-tk) models. biotransformation data incorporated into pb-tk models has, for the most part, depended on in vitro techniques designed to mimic the in vivo environment; however, data from direct in vitro/in vivo comparisons is limited. in this investigation we describe for the first ... | 2003 | 12595173 |
| the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) tumor model: recent applications in low-dose exposures to tumor initiators and promoters. | the rainbow trout has been utilized as a model for human carcinogenesis for a number of years. trout are relatively inexpensive to maintain and exhibit (over the 9-12-month tumor assay period) very low spontaneous tumor backgrounds. one of the most powerful applications of this model is the design and conduct of large-scale tumor studies requiring thousands of animals that address statistically challenging questions of dose-response. two recent examples of such applications include our studies o ... | 2003 | 12597433 |
| toxicity and chemistry of aspen wood leachate to aquatic life: field study. | a dark, toxic leachate has been observed around woodpiles of trembling aspen (populus tremuloides michx.) cut in winter for pulp or structural lumber. we measured production of leachate from 18 m3 of harvestable aspen logs stacked in an open field near dawson creek, british columbia, canada. the logpile began producing leachate during the first winter thaw and continued to do so for the duration of the two-year study (mean, 250 l/collection). aspen leachate was characterized by dark color, acidi ... | 2003 | 12959530 |
| use of dead probiotic cells to control furunculosis in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | 2003 | 12962213 | |
| the effectiveness of adenoviral vectors to deliver and express genes in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | the efficacy of adenoviral vectors for gene delivery into fish cells, both in vitro and in vivo, was evaluated. vectors utilized were of human adenovirus serotype 5 (ad), which are commonly used in human clinical trials, but have not been assessed for gene delivery to fish. because nothing is known about ad receptors in fish, both an ad (ad5luc1) with natural tropism for the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (car), as well as an infectivity enhanced ad (ad5lucrgd) were included within this study ... | 2003 | 12962217 |
| immune responses against yersinia ruckeri have no effect on colonization of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), by gyrodactylus derjavini (mikailov, 1975). | 2003 | 12962227 | |
| uptake of waterborne tributyltin in the brain of fish: axonal transport as a proposed mechanism. | in previous studies, it was shown that waterborne hg(ii), cd(ii), and mn(ii) enter nerves innervating water-exposed sensory organs of fish and are transported to the brain by axonal transport. however, it is not known if organometals, such as tributyltin (tbt), can reach the brain of fish via the same route. in this work, we exposed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to waterborne [113sn]-tbt (4.2 kbq/l). three fish were sampled after a 2-week exposure, and three others were sampled after a 2-w ... | 2003 | 12966973 |
| clinical and pathological observations on streptococcus sp. infection on south african trout farms with gas supersaturated water supplies. | infection with a faecal streptococcus species belonging to lancefield group d has been a major cause of mortalities on certain trout farms on the escarpment of the mpumalanga province in the republic of south africa. evidence is given of a connection between subclinical gas bubble disease and infection with this organism in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. the condition causes serious losses during the summer months when water temperatures rise above 18 degrees c. the larger table-size fish a ... | 2003 | 12967170 |
| differential expression of the two gh genes during embryonic development of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in relation with the igfs system. | the growth hormone (gh)/insulin-like growth factor (igf) system promotes embryonic growth in higher vertebrates. such a system exists in salmonids, but exhibits an additional level of complexity resulting from a recent whole genome tetraploidisation. thus, two nonallelic gh genes are present in the trout genome. although the two gh genes are similar, the possibility remains that the two genes have evolved separately, acquiring a distinct expression pattern. in this study, using whole mounted in ... | 2003 | 12420297 |
| volumetric and ionic responses of goldfish hepatocytes to anisotonic exposure and energetic limitation. | the relationship between cell volume and k(+) transmembrane fluxes of goldfish (carassius auratus) hepatocytes exposed to anisotonic conditions or energetic limitation was studied and compared with the response of hepatocytes from trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and rat (rattus rattus). cell volume was studied by video- and fluorescence microscopy, while k(+) fluxes were assessed by measuring unidirectional (86)rb(+) fluxes. in trout and rat hepatocytes, hyposmotic (180 mosmoll(-1)) exposure at ph 7 ... | 2003 | 12502772 |
| chromosome mapping of mhc class i in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) is well-studied in mammals. much research has addressed the genomic organisation of mhc genes and it is well established that human mhc class i genes are located on chromosome 6. however, information on the organisation of the mhc complex in rainbow trout is only beginning to become available. in the present study it was determined that rainbow trout mhc class i sequences are located on chromosome 18. this is the first reported use of fluorescence in si ... | 2003 | 12526880 |
| the promoter of the classical mhc class i locus in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | in rainbow trout only a single classical major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i locus has been identified. in previous studies it was shown that this locus, onmy-uba, is characterised by extensive polymorphism and ubiquitous expression. in the present study the sequence of the promoter region of onmy-uba was analysed. within this region several fragments for transcription regulation could be detected, including interferon-sensitive enhancer elements. the promoter region is very similar t ... | 2003 | 12526881 |
| cloning and expression analysis of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss interferon regulatory factor 1 and 2 (irf-1 and irf-2). | two rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) genes for interferon regulatory factors (irf) 1 and 2 have been cloned and sequenced. the irf-1 cdna contains an open reading frame (orf) of 996 nucleotides that translates into a 331 amino-acid putative peptide, with a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 145bp and a 3' utr of 481bp. the irf-2 cdna contains a 1035bp orf that translates into a 344 amino-acid putative peptide, with a 5' utr of 146bp and a 3' utr of 925bp. in vivo, irf-1 and irf-2 are constitutiv ... | 2003 | 12543125 |
| cloning, sequence and variability analysis of expressed immunoglobulin light chain genes from yellowtail seriola quinqueradiata. | the cdna clones encoding immunoglobulin (ig) light (l) chain variable (v) region associated with constant (c) region were isolated from yellowtail (seriola quinqueradiata) kidney by expressed sequence tag analysis (accession numbers: ab062619-ab062668, ab064322). the sequences of both vl and cl region contain well-conserved cysteine residues important for intra- and inter-domain interaction in mammals. comparisons of the amino acid sequence of the cl domain with those of other species showed a h ... | 2003 | 12547626 |
| comparative genome analysis of the primary sex-determining locus in salmonid fishes. | we compared the y-chromosome linkage maps for four salmonid species (arctic charr, salvelinus alpinus; atlantic salmon, salmo salar; brown trout, salmo trutta; and rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss) and a putative y-linked marker from lake trout (salvelinus namaycush). these species represent the three major genera within the subfamily salmoninae of the salmonidae. the data clearly demonstrate that different y-chromosomes have evolved in each of the species. arrangements of markers proximal to ... | 2003 | 12566405 |
| cloning, tissue distribution, and functional studies of a new cytochrome p450 3a subfamily member, cyp3a45, from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) intestinal ceca. | in trout and mammals, the major extrahepatic expression site for cyp3a forms is in the intestine. a cdna encoding a new cyp3a subfamily member was isolated from rainbow trout intestinal ceca by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), followed by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race)-pcr. in a set of two primers for pcr, a consensus sequence in the highly conserved regions in 17 cyp3a sequences was used for one primer, and the second primer was designed based on adapter sequen ... | 2003 | 12646270 |
| physical and chemical effects on viability of the myxobolus cerebralis triactinomyxon. | various chemical and physical methods for destroying the triactinomyxon (tam) stage of the myxozoan parasite myxobolus cerebralis were tested. the fluorescent stains propidium iodide and fluorescein diacetate were used as indicators of viability. physical variables tested included freezing, drying, high temperature, sonication, and pressure of 6.2 x 10(7) pa (9000 psi). chemicals evaluated included chlorine bleach, povidone-iodine, and hydrogen peroxide. freezing or drying for 1 h was effective ... | 2003 | 12650246 |
| potencies of estrogenic compounds in in vitro screening assays and in life cycle tests with zebrafish in vivo. | the objective of this study was to compare the estrogenic potency of environmental estrogens at two testing tiers: at the initial level of in vitro screening assays, and at the level of definitive fish reproduction tests in vivo. the in vitro tests included a recombinant yeast estrogen receptor (er) assay, a competitive radioreceptor assay using the hepatic er of carp (cyprinus carpio), and assays on vitellogenin induction in cultured hepatocytes of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and carp. ... | 2003 | 12651187 |
| bacterial kidney disease as a model for studies of cell mediated immunity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | a cell mediated immune (cmi) response was measured in vitro to heat-killed and to paraformaldehyde fixed renibacterium salmoninarum (rs) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) experimentally challenged with live rs. the mitogenic response to the t lymphocyte mitogen concanavalin a (con a) was reduced during samplings 4 to 6 weeks after immersion, but no effect of the response to the b lymphocyte mitogen lipopolysaccharide (lps) was detected. the subpopulation of lymphocytes, detected by the mono ... | 2003 | 12657537 |
| patterns of fish species richness in rivers of the central region of argentina. | we analyzed the variation of fish species richness and trophic structure along an upstream-downstream gradient and identified the factors associated with the pattern observed. the fish community composition varied along a headwater-downstream gradient. species richness and trophic structure decreased significantly with increasing altitude and increased with stream order and distance from source. headwater communities showed a simple structure. oncorhynchus mykiss was the only fish captured or no ... | 2003 | 12659026 |
| ca2+-recruitment in tachykinin-induced contractions of gut smooth muscle from african clawed frog, xenopus laevis and rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | changes in intracellular ca(2+) concentration control many essential cellular functions like the contraction of smooth muscle cells. the aim of this study was to investigate if the tachykinin substance p (sp) engages external ca(2+)-sources, internal ca(2+)-sources, or both in the contraction of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and the african clawed frog (xenopus laevis). strip preparations made of either longitudinal smooth muscle of proximal intestine ... | 2003 | 12679095 |
| quality assessment of bed sediments of the po river (italy). | comprehensive and contemporary evaluations of physical, chemical and toxicological endpoints have been performed on bed sediments of the po river, the major italian watercourse. two extensive sampling campaigns were conducted in summer and winter low-flow conditions. composite sediment samples were collected from ten reaches of the main river: the first was located in the upper region (ambient control), and the others downstream of the confluences of nine principal tributaries. the two sampling ... | 2003 | 12688684 |
| hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic amp-gated, hcn1-like cation channel: the primary, full-length hcn isoform expressed in a saccular hair-cell layer. | the expression of transcript for hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-sensitive cation channel (hcn) isoforms underlying hyperpolarization-activated, inward current (i(h)) has been determined for a model hair-cell preparation from the saccule of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. based upon identification from homology to known vertebrate hcn cdna sequence, cloning of pcr products amplified with degenerate primers indicated an expression frequency of 7:2:1 (hcn1:hcn2:hcn4) for the ... | 2003 | 12699787 |
| rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) sigm- leucocytes secrete an interleukin-2 like growth factor after mitogenic stimulation in vitro. | two secreted proteins were detected in culture supernatants of pha or pma stimulated, immunomagnetically separated, sigm(-) leucocytes of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) with 60kda and with 12-15kda (multiple bands). so called conditioned media (cm), containing these proteins, induced significant activation of blood and head kidney leucocytes. immunomagnetically separated, naive as well as pha activated sigm(-) t lymphocytes and lps prestimulated sigm(+) b lymphocytes could be identified to ... | 2003 | 12711277 |
| haemorrhagic smolt syndrome (hss) in norway: pathology and associated virus-like particles. | atlantic salmon salmo salar pre-smolt, smolt and post-smolt, with clinical signs of haemorrhagic smolt syndrome (hss) have been found in several locations along the norwegian coast (rogaland to troms). affected fish had pale gills and bleeding at the fin bases, but seemed to be in good physical condition with no obvious weight loss. the internal organs and body cavity showed distinct bleedings. petechiae were found on the gastrointestinal tract, swim bladder and peritoneum, visceral adipose tiss ... | 2003 | 12718466 |
| cloning, pharmacology, and distribution of the neuropeptide y-receptor yb in rainbow trout. | this work describes the isolation and pharmacological characterization of a neuropeptide y (npy) receptor from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the receptor exhibits approximately 45% amino acid sequence identity to mammalian y1-subfamily receptors, y1, y4 and y6, a similar degree of identity as these subtypes display to one another. because it displays highest sequence identity to zebrafish yb (75%), we named it the trout yb receptor. the receptor exhibits high binding affinity for zebrafis ... | 2003 | 12732336 |
| fish status survey of nordic lakes: effects of acidification, eutrophication and stocking activity on present fish species composition. | the status of fish populations in 3821 lakes in norway, sweden and finland was assessed in 1995-1997. the survey lakes were chosen by stratified random sampling from all (126 482) fennoscandian lakes > or = 0.04 km2. the water chemistry of the lakes was analyzed and information on fish status was obtained by a postal inquiry. fish population losses were most frequent in the most highly acidified region of southern norway and least common in eastern fennoscandia. according to the inquiry results, ... | 2003 | 12733793 |
| component population study of acanthocephalus tumescens (acanthocephala) in fishes from lake moreno, argentina. | seasonal samples of all fish species from lake moreno were taken in order to determine the presence of paratenia, to evaluate the status of the hosts and to characterise the transmission of acanthocephalus tumescens (von linstow, 1896) at the component population level. prevalence, mean abundance, mean intensity, numbers of gravid females, relative abundance of the different fish species, relative output of eggs and relative flow rates for each host species were computed. acanthocephalus tumesce ... | 2003 | 12735727 |
| recovery of a new biogroup of yersinia ruckeri from diseased rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum). | cultures of a new biogroup of yersinia ruckeri, the causal agent of enteric redmouth (erm), were recovered in england from diseased rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum), which had been previously vaccinated with a commercial erm vaccine. the bacterial isolates were confirmed as y. ruckeri by the results of sequencing the 16s rrna, but differed from the characteristics of the taxon by positivity for the voges proskauer reaction and a general lack of motility, and could not be equated with ... | 2003 | 12747420 |
| cloning and tissue distribution of a carnitine palmitoyltransferase i gene in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the carnitine palmitoyltransferase i (ec.2.3.1.21; cpt i) mediates the transport of fatty acids across the outer mitochondrial membrane. in mammals, there are two different proteins cpt i in the skeletal muscle (m) and liver (l) encoded by two genes. the carnitine palmitoyltransferase system of lower vertebrates received little attention. with the aim of improving knowledge on the cpt family in fish, we examined cpt i cdna and cpt activity in different tissues of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus myki ... | 2003 | 12781981 |
| flow cytometric analysis of the neutrophil respiratory burst of ayu, plecoglossus altivelis: comparison with other fresh water fish. | neutrophils of vertebrates undergo respiratory burst activity (rba) as a defense mechanism against bacterial infections. we report here that ayu (plecoglossus altivelis) have unusually high rbas even when they are in a healthy condition. kidney and blood leukocytes were obtained from ayu, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), carp (cyprinus carpio), eel (anguilla japonica), and pond smelt (hypomesus nipponensis). neutrophil rba was measured by flow cytometry using dihydrorhodamine after stimulati ... | 2003 | 12787685 |
| effects of anesthesia (tricaine methanesulfonate, ms222) on liver biotransformation in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the effect of tricaine methanesulfonate (ms222) on rainbow trout liver biotransformation rates was investigated with a microsomal model; an in vitro preparation that can be employed with or without the use of an anaesthetic. two experimental sets of rainbow trout microsomes were tested; one representing in vivo or surgical tricaine exposures and the other representing in vitro tissue/organ collection tricaine exposures. microsomal incubations were performed on these two experimental groups with ... | 2003 | 12799110 |
| combined in situ and in vitro assessment of the estrogenic activity of sewage and surface water samples. | in order to investigate the estrogenic activities of two municipal sewage treatment plant (stp; sites a and b) effluents and of rhine water sampled at worms (site c; rhine-neckar triangle, germany), data from in situ experiments measuring hepatic vitellogenin expression from caged rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were compared with data from in vitro bioassays (yeast estrogen screen [yes], er luciferase assay with hek 293 cells [hek], primary rainbow trout hepatocytes [ph]) and chemical analy ... | 2003 | 12805642 |
| sequestration of phosphorus by acid mine drainage floc. | solubilization and transport of phosphorus (p) to the water environment is a critical environmental issue. flocs resulting from neutralizing acid mine drainage (amd) were tested as a possible low-cost amendment to reduce the loss of soluble p from agricultural fields and animal wastewater. flocs were prepared by neutralizing natural and synthetic solutions of amd with limestone, lime, ammonium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide. phosphorus sequestration was tested in three distinct environments: wa ... | 2003 | 12809314 |
| the effect of intraperitoneally administered recombinant il-1beta on immune parameters and resistance to aeromonas salmonicida in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the present work provides the first information concerning the immunostimulatory activity of trout recombinant interleukin-1 beta (ril-1beta) in vivo. the predicted rainbow trout mature il-1beta peptide was produced as a recombinant protein in escherichia coli. optimal migration of peritoneal leucocytes and ril-1beta induced phagocytosis occurred following intraperitoneal injection of 1 microg of the recombinant protein. moreover, systemic il-1beta, cox-2 and lysozyme ii gene expression was enha ... | 2003 | 12818637 |
| functional characterisation of the recombinant tumor necrosis factors in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf) is a key mediator in regulating the inflammatory response. previously two tnf genes have been cloned and sequenced from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. in this study, the mature peptides of the two tnf molecules were produced in bacteria, purified under native conditions and their bioactivities evaluated in vitro. both trout rtnf1 and rtnf2 induced gene expression of a number of proinflammatory factors including il1beta, tnf1, tnf2, il8 and cox2 in freshly isolate ... | 2003 | 12818638 |
| regeneration of ultraviolet-sensitive cones in the retinal cone mosaic of thyroxin-challenged post-juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | previous studies in our laboratory have examined the loss of ultraviolet-sensitive (uvs) cones and uv sensitivity. this study looks at the question of regeneration of uvs cones and its topographic distribution, along with several other measures of the cone mosaic. topography of the cone mosaic in rainbow trout smolts (post-metamorphic juveniles) was examined under normal growth conditions and during an exogenous thyroid hormone (th) challenge. growth of trout retina was studied over six weeks. r ... | 2003 | 12819272 |
| daily variations of endolymph composition: relationship with the otolith calcification process in trout. | ionic and organic parameters of the otolith calcification process in the trout oncorhynchus mykiss were analysed in plasma and endolymph over the day:night cycle. plasma ph remained constant and total co(2) concentration was significantly lower (by 21%) during the day than at night. calcifying parameters (total co(2), total calcium concentration) were measured in the proximal and distal endolymphs and were unchanged in the latter during the day:night cycle, but fluctuated in the former. non-coll ... | 2003 | 12819274 |
| gyrodactylus derjavini infection elicits il-1beta expression in rainbow trout skin. | specific gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine il-1beta and the type ii il-1beta receptor (il-1rii, 'decoy receptor') was studied in skin of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum, 1792) fry during infection with the ectoparasitic monogenean gyrodactylus derjavini mikailov, 1975. cytokine expression was studied in both primary and secondary infections using a semi-quantitative rt-pcr technique. generally, low levels of specific il-1beta1, il-1beta2 and il-1rii gene transcription w ... | 2003 | 12834615 |
| a new putative g-protein coupled receptor gene associated with the immune system of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | a putative g-protein coupled receptor (gpcr) gene belonging to the rhodopsin-like family was detected in rainbow trout and designated lpsenhr-1. only moderate homology (<35%) was present with known gpcrs. semi-quantitative rt-pcr indicated that the gene was expressed predominantly in lymphoid tissues, with highest expression associated with cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. expression was strongly up-regulated by injection with lps but not by infection with infectious haematopoietic necr ... | 2003 | 12834616 |
| group ii metabotropic glutamate receptors regulate the vulnerability to hypoxic brain damage. | we examined the expression of metabotropic glutamate (mglu) receptors in species of fish that differ for their vulnerability to anoxic brain damage. although expression of mglu1a and mglu5 receptors was similar in the brain of all species examined, expression of mglu2/3 receptors was substantially higher in the brain of anoxia-tolerant species (i.e., the carp carassius carassius and the goldfish carassius auratus) than in the brain of species that are highly vulnerable to anoxic damage, such as ... | 2003 | 12853420 |
| effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and a substrate, l-arginine, on the cardiac function of juvenile salmonid fish. | control of cardiac function was investigated juvenile brown trout (salmo trutta l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) using inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (nos), (l-name, ng-nitro-l-arginine and l-nmma, ng-monomethyl-l-arginine) and a substrate of nos (l-arginine). salmonid alevins are excellent models for such studies since they are transparent, the beating heart is easily observed, diffusing distances are small, and they respond within a few seconds to exogenously administer ... | 2003 | 12860052 |
| effects of microcystis cells, cell extracts and lipopolysaccharide on drinking and liver function in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum. | liver mass (hepatosomatic index, hsi) increased by approximately 18% and water content in the gut by approximately 13 ml kg(-1) in freshwater rainbow trout exposed for 24 h to intact cells of a microcystin-producing cyanobacterium (microcystis pcc 7813) together with administration of heterotrophic bacterial lps. exposure to broken (ultrasonicated) cyanobacterial cells together with administration of bacterial lps increased hsi by approximately 50% and water content in the gut by almost 30 ml kg ... | 2003 | 12878412 |
| effect of temperature on gene expression of the gh/igf system during embryonic development in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | in fish, the gh/igf system installs very early during development suggesting that this system could promote embryonic growth and development. in contrast to mammals, the embryonic growth rate of poikilotherms depends considerably on the incubation temperature. therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if variations of embryo growth in response to temperature could be associated with modifications in the gene expression of the gh/igf system. in this study, using whole mount in situ hybrid ... | 2003 | 12884275 |
| efficacy of selected oral chemotherapeutants against ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ciliophora: ophyroglenidae) infecting rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | the chemotherapeutic efficacy of 6 in-feed compounds against ichthyophthirius multifiliis fouquet, 1876 was assessed using experimental infections of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) fingerlings. trial doses of 104 ppm amprolium hydrochloride or 65 ppm clopidol fed to fish for 10 d prior to infection significantly reduced the number of trophonts establishing in trout fingerlings by 62.0 and 35.2% respectively. in-feed treatments of infected trout with either 63 or 75 ppm amprolium hyd ... | 2003 | 12887250 |
| immunization of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss against discocotyle sagiffata (monogenea). | rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss were injected intraperitoneally with 2 different discocotyle sagittata extracts dissolved in pbs and subsequently exposed to controlled infection. immunization resulted in significantly reduced (p < 0.0001) worm intensities in > 50% of vaccinated fish (response arbitrarily defined as parasite burdens < mean control intensity - 1 sd), irrespective of the immunization regime (different parasite extracts, dosing and application schedules) employed. the protective e ... | 2003 | 12887251 |
| susceptibility of two strains of rainbow trout (one with suspected resistance to whirling disease) to myxobolus cerebralis infection. | the susceptibility of 2 strains of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, 1 from north america (tl) and 1 from germany (gr), to myxobolus cerebralis (the cause of salmonid whirling disease) was assessed following exposure to the infectious stages (triactinomyxons). two laboratory experiments were conducted with age-matched rainbow trout of each strain. at the beginning of the study, the 2 trout strains were aged ca. 570 degree-days in expt 1, and ca. 999 degree-days in expt 2. in both experiments, r ... | 2003 | 12887253 |
| sub-lethal plasma ammonia accumulation and the exercise performance of salmonids. | the proposal that plasma ammonia accumulation might impair the swimming performance of fish was first made over a decade ago, and has now proven to be the case for a number of salmonid species. the first experimental evidence was indirect, when a negative linear relationship between plasma ammonia concentrations and maximum sustainable swimming speed (u(crit)) was found following the exposure of brown trout (salmo trutta) to sub-lethal concentrations of copper in soft acidic water. since then, n ... | 2003 | 12890542 |
| host specificity and geographical distribution of eubothrium in european salmonid fish. | the host specificity and distribution of eubothrium crassum (bloch, 1779) and eubothrium salvelini (schrank, 1790), morphologically fairly similar pseudophyllidean tapeworms parasitizing salmonid fish, were critically assessed on the basis of morphological and genetic evaluation of extensive material collected from different definitive hosts and geographical regions in europe. eubothrium crassum occurs in fish of the genera salmo, i.e. salmon (s. salar - both freshwater and marine), sea trout (s ... | 2003 | 12895285 |
| virulence of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus coinfection in rainbow trout ( oncorhynchus mykiss) and nucleotide sequence analysis of the ihnv glycoprotein gene. | the outcomes of a coinfection of rainbow trout ( oncorhynchus mykiss) with infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) strain s46 and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) strain s46 was determined after waterborne infection. trout infected with the ihnv/ipnv.s46 sample, (a mixed sample containing equal infectious titers of the viruses) showed 50% less mortality than fish infected with either of the reference viruses alone. forty-five days after the coinfection, ipnv antigens were detec ... | 2003 | 12898328 |
| some medicinal plants as immunostimulant for fish. | immunostimulant effects of the dietary intake of various medicinal plant extracts on fish, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), were investigated. for this purpose fish were fed with diets containing aqueous extracts of mistletoe (viscum album), nettle (urtica dioica), and ginger (zingiber officinale). food containing lyophilized extracts of these plants as 0.1 and 1% was used at a rate of 2% of body weight per day for three weeks. at the end of the experimental period, various parameters of non ... | 2003 | 12902058 |
| nanoinjection as a tool to mimic vertical transmission of flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | newly fertilised eggs of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss were nanoinjected with flavobacterium psychrophilum in order to mimic vertical transmission. two bacterial isolates with different elastin-degrading capacity were used. all infected groups (10, 100 and 1000 colony forming units egg(-1)) showed significantly higher cumulative mortalities than the control groups at the end of the experiment, 70 d post-hatching. the total mortalities in the control groups were below 2.5%. in the high-dose g ... | 2003 | 12911056 |
| adhesion of high and low virulence flavobacterium psychrophilum strains to isolated gill arches of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | the ability of flavobacterium psychrophilum to adhere to the gill tissue of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss was evaluated. a gill perfusion model was adopted, offering a number of advantages compared to other in vitro as well as in vivo models. a comparison between the adhesion capacity of a high and low virulence f. psychrophilum strain was made. experiments were additionally carried out to assess the influence of water quality (organic material, nitrite) and temperature on the adhesion proce ... | 2003 | 12911057 |
| evidence for two distinct functional glucocorticoid receptors in teleost fish. | using rt-pcr with degenerated primers followed by screening of a rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) intestinal cdna library, we have isolated from the rainbow trout a new corticosteroid receptor which shows high sequence homology with other glucocorticoid receptors (grs), but is clearly different from the previous trout gr (named rtgr1). phylogenetic analysis of these two sequences and other grs known in mammals, amphibians and fishes indicate that the gr duplication is probably common to most ... | 2003 | 12914532 |
| passive immunization of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), against flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease and rainbow trout fry syndrome. | flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease (cwd) and rainbow trout fry syndrome (rtfs), causes high mortality in cultured salmonids. the present study was designed to determine the role antibody plays in conferring protection to rainbow trout fry, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), by passive immunization with convalescent serum or serum from adult rainbow trout immunized with f. psychrophilum, and goat anti-f. psychrophilum serum. in each experiment, rainbow tr ... | 2003 | 12946006 |
| variations in plasma melatonin levels of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) under various light and temperature conditions. | daily variations in plasma melatonin levels in the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss were studied under various light and temperature conditions. plasma melatonin levels were higher at mid-dark than those at mid-light under light-dark (ld) cycles. an acute exposure to darkness (2 hr) during the light phase significantly elevated the plasma melatonin to the level that is comparable with those at mid-dark, while an acute exposure to a light pulse (2 hr) during the dark phase significantly suppress ... | 2003 | 12951408 |
| efficacy of passive sand filtration in reducing exposure of salmonids to the actinospore of myxobolus cerebralis. | the aquatic oligochaete tubifex tubifex parasitized by myxobolus cerebralis releases triactinomyxon (tam) actinospores that can infect some species of salmonids and cause salmonid whirling disease. silica sand was tested as a filtration medium for removal of tams from water containing the parasite. laboratory tests indicated sand filtration removed > 99.99% of tams. in 2 different field tests, groups of 1 mo old rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss were exposed for 2 wk to filtered and unfiltered w ... | 2003 | 14735924 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) c5a anaphylatoxin receptor. | in the course of suppression subtractive hybridization between the cdna of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated and non-stimulated head kidney cells in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), a cdna clone was obtained that showed most similarity to mammalian receptor for the anaphylatoxin of the fifth complement component (c5ar). the rainbow trout c5ar cdna contains a 1,679-bp nucleotide sequence that encodes a 350-amino-acid putative protein with 29.0-31.5% identity to mammalian c5ar. rainbow trout c5ar ... | 2003 | 14628104 |
| cortisol influences the host-parasite interaction between the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and the crustacean ectoparasite argulus japonicus. | the host-parasite interaction between the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and the fish louse argulus japonicus was investigated by administering low levels of dietary cortisol before infecting the fish with low numbers of the parasite. after 24 h, the dietary cortisol treatment elevated blood cortisol and glucose levels and stimulated the synthesis of secretory granules in the upper layer of skin cells. infection with 6 lice per fish caused skin infiltration by lymphocytes, also in areas witho ... | 2003 | 14700191 |
| first isolation of sleeping disease virus from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), in the united kingdom. | 2003 | 14710763 | |
| constituents within pulp mill effluent deplete retinoid stores in white sucker and bind to rainbow trout retinoic acid receptors and retinoid x receptors. | wild female and male white sucker (catostomus commersoni) inhabiting an area receiving pulp mill effluent had reduced hepatic levels of retinol, didehydroretinol, retinyl esters, and didehydroretinyl esters, while vitamin e levels were unaffected. this disruption of the retinoid system led us to test methanol and dichloromethane extracts from the effluent of 11 pulp mills from across canada for their ability to bind to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) retinoic acid receptors (rars) from the g ... | 2003 | 14713038 |
| identification of a unique transcript down-regulated in the retina of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) at smoltification. | developmental and physiological changes in the retina of salmonid fishes occur during smoltification, a metamorphic event associated with thyroid hormone that prepares salmon for oceanic migration. these changes include loss of ultraviolet-sensitive (uvs) cone photoreceptors, switching of visual pigments, alterations in thyroid hormone regulation, and associated changes in behavior. this model provides an opportunity to study substantial neuronal development within an established retina. little ... | 2003 | 14662307 |
| haematological analyses in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss affected by viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs). | rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss weighing 87 +/- 15 g (mean +/- sd) were infected with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) and the haematological and biochemical profiles of peripheral blood examined. depending on the clinical signs and gross pathology, the fish were divided into 2 groups: group a included fish in the acute stage, group b comprised fish in the chronic stage. red blood cells were subjected to 6 haematological tests and blood plasma to 14 biochemical tests, which provided ... | 2003 | 14667029 |
| effect of intraperitoneally administered il-1beta-derived peptides on resistance to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | the present work provides the first information concerning the immunostimulatory activity of trout interleukin (il)-1beta-derived peptides in vivo. previous studies have demonstrated the ability of 2 such peptides, referred to as p1 and p3, to up-regulate a range of important immune parameters in vitro. p1 corresponds to fragment 146-157 (yvtpvpietear) of the trout sequence and is analogous to a biologically active mammalian il-1beta-derived peptide, whilst p3 was synthesised to complex with the ... | 2003 | 14667030 |
| relative resistance of pacific salmon to infectious salmon anaemia virus. | infectious salmon anaemia (isa) is a major disease of atlantic salmon, salmo salar, caused by an orthomyxovirus (isav). increases in global aquaculture and the international movement of fish made it important to determine if pacific salmon are at risk. steelhead trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and chum, o. keta, chinook, o. tshawytscha, coho, o. kisutch, and atlantic salmon were injected intraperitoneally with a high, medium, or low dose of a norwegian strain of isav. in a second challenge, the same ... | 2003 | 14575369 |
| pathology and immunohistochemistry in three species of salmonids after experimental infection with flavobacterium psychrophilum. | rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), sea trout, salmo trutta l., and atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., were experimentally infected with flavobacterium psychrophilum in order to evaluate any species differences in susceptibility to the bacterium. furthermore, differences in pathological changes and distribution of the bacteria in internal organs were studied. the bacteria were injected intraperitoneally in two doses, high dose (hd) 1 x 10(7) colony forming units (cfu) fish(-1) and low do ... | 2003 | 14575371 |
| gonadotropin-releasing hormones modulate electrical activity of vasotocin and isotocin neurons in the brain of rainbow trout. | gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) is widely distributed in the vertebrate brains; however, its significance in the brain function is poorly understood. both gnrh and vasopressin-family hormones are involved in control of reproductive behavior. anatomical evidence indicated the possible action of gnrh on classical neurosecretory neurons. in the present study, we examined whether gnrh modulates electrical activity of vasotocin (vt) and isotocin (it) neurons in the brain of rainbow trout (oncor ... | 2003 | 14583393 |
| mapping multiple genetic loci associated with ceratomyxa shasta resistance in oncorhynchus mykiss. | ceratomyxa shasta is enzootic to some rivers of the pacific northwest and california, and has caused extensive mortalities of salmonids, the only known host of the actinosporean stage of the pathogen. mortalities from c. shasta are induced by severe inflammation and necrosis of the intestinal tract, and no therapeutants have been discovered for the treatment of ceratomyxosis. inheritance studies by previous investigators suggested that c. shasta resistance is genetically controlled, but none hav ... | 2003 | 14598990 |
| antibodies against discocotyle sagittata (monogenea) in farmed trout. | the relationship between discocotyle sagittata intensities and host length, weight and specific anti-parasite antibody titres was studied in 3 year-classes of farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout salmo trutta at the end of the annual transmission cycle. antibody titres were significantly higher in infected farmed fish than in naive controls, indicating that infection elicits immunoglobulin production. no correlation was found between host size and parasite burdens, nor betwee ... | 2003 | 14598994 |
| differential handling of urea and its analogues suggests carrier-mediated urea excretion in freshwater rainbow trout. | the possible presence of urea transport mechanisms in the gill and kidney of the freshwater rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was investigated in vivo by comparing the branchial and renal handling of analogues acetamide and thiourea with the handling of urea. trout were fitted with indwelling dorsal aortic catheters and urinary catheters and injected with an isosmotic dose of [(14)c]-labeled urea analogue (acetamide or thiourea) calculated to bring plasma analogue concentrations close to plasm ... | 2003 | 14988794 |
| myxobolus cerebralis: identification of a cathepsin z-like protease gene (myxcp-1) expressed during parasite development in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | cysteine proteases are essential to the biological function of parasitic organisms and are gaining interest as the target of chemotherapeutics aimed at their control. we report a cysteine protease gene from the myxozoan myxobolus cerebralis, the cause of whirling disease in salmonid fish. the mature gene (myxcp-1) encodes a 248-amino acid polypeptide that includes catalytic residues similar to the papain family of cysteine proteases. myxcp-1 features a propeptide region and sequence insertions t ... | 2003 | 14990313 |
| analysis of ribosomal rna intergenic spacer (igs) sequences in species and populations of gyrodactylus (platyhelminthes: monogenea) from salmonid fish in northern europe. | the intergenic spacer (igs) region of ribosomal rna genes was amplified and sequenced from a variety of gyrodactylus specimens collected from wild and farmed atlantic salmon salmo salar, rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, and grayling thymallus thymallus, from various locations in northern europe. phylogenetic analysis of the sequences confirmed the distinction between g. salaris malmberg, 1957 and g. thymalli zitnan, 1960, supporting their validity as separate species. g. salaris adapted to rai ... | 2003 | 14960037 |
| the rainbow trout classical mhc class i molecule onmy-uba*501 is expressed in similar cell types as mammalian classical mhc class i molecules. | onmy-uba is a polymorphic classical major histocompatibility (mhc) class i locus in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). a common allomorph is onmy-uba*501, which has been detected in several wildtype strains, in the clonal homozygous rainbow trout c25 and, in the current study, in the rainbow trout gonad cell line rtg-2. the extracellular domain of this allomorph was expressed in e. coli and a murine monoclonal antibody designated h9 was generated against the recombinant protein. in western blo ... | 2003 | 12547623 |
| molecular characterisation of sea bream (sparus aurata) transforming growth factor beta1. | a transforming growth factor beta1 (tgf beta1) full length cdna was characterised and sequenced from the head kidney of sea bream (sparus aurata) previously challenged with a nodavirus. the cloned cdna of 1778bp contains a predicted open reading frame of 379 amino acids, which includes the mature peptide region of 112 amino acids. the regulating region of the peptide possesses four potential n-linked glycosylation sites (n-x-t/s), as well as an rgd integrin binding site, an rkkr tetrabasic cut s ... | 2003 | 12711274 |
| catecholamine secretion in trout chromaffin cells experiencing nicotinic receptor desensitization is maintained by non-cholinergic neurotransmission. | the goal of the present study was to assess the catecholamine secretory capabilities of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss chromaffin cells experiencing desensitization of the nicotinic receptor. it was hypothesized that the potential to secrete catecholamines could be maintained under conditions of nicotinic receptor desensitization owing to activation of non-cholinergic release pathways. an in situ model for chromaffin cell nicotinic receptor desensitization was developed by perfusing a posteri ... | 2003 | 14581595 |
| localisation of vip-binding sites exhibiting properties of vpac receptors in chromaffin cells of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the current model for the neuronal control of catecholamine release from piscine chromaffin cells advocates that the neurotransmitters vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (pacap) are co-released with acetylcholine from preganglionic fibres upon nerve stimulation. both vip and pacap elicit the secretion of exclusively adrenaline from rainbow trout chromaffin cells, which presumably arises from the activation of vpac type receptors. thus, ... | 2003 | 12728013 |
| expression of two isoforms of the vacuolar-type atpase subunit b in the zebrafish danio rerio. | in the present study we tested the hypothesis that two isoforms of the regulatory subunit b of vacuolar-type atpase (v-atpase) are expressed in the zebrafish danio rerio. the complete coding sequences for both isoforms, vatb1 and vatb2, were cloned and sequenced. blastx analysis revealed the greatest similarity to amino acid sequences of b subunits from the european eel anguilla anguilla and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. the isoforms were expressed in a bacterial system and the recombinant ... | 2003 | 12728012 |
| internal redistribution of radiolabelled silver among tissues of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and european eel (anguilla anguilla): the influence of silver speciation. | influence of water ag(i) speciation on pharmacokinetics of ag(i) during a post-exposure period was investigated in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and european eel (anguilla anguilla). the rainbow trout is sensitive to waterborne ionic ag(+) whereas the eel is tolerant. the fish were acclimated to either of two chloride concentrations, 10 or 1200 microm, in synthetic soft water and then exposed to a sublethal 24-h pulse of 1.3 microgl(-1) of 110mag(i) added as 110magno(3) in these waters. th ... | 2003 | 12657489 |
| the complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the chinook salmon, oncorhynchus tshawytscha. | the complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of chinook salmon, oncorhynchus tshawytscha, has been determined. the circular genome consisting of 16,644 base pairs encodes thirteen proteins, the 12s and 16s ribosomal rnas, and 22 transfer rnas. these genes are ordered in the same way as most other vertebrates. the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the ribosomal rnas and the thirteen protein-coding genes were compared with those of other salmonids such as oncorhynchus mykiss, salmo salar ... | 2003 | 14513717 |
| complete sequencing and expression of three complement components, c1r, c4 and c1 inhibitor, of the classical activation pathway of the complement system in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | three complement components, c1r, c4 and c1 inhibitor, of the classical activation pathway have been fully sequenced and their expression investigated in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). trout c1r cdna encodes a 707-amino-acid (aa) protein with a theoretical m(r) of 77,200. the trout translation shows highest homology with carp c1r/s, and lower, equal homologies to mammalian c1r and c1s, and masps from other vertebrate species. however, phylogenetic analysis and structural features suggest t ... | 2003 | 14628103 |
| comparative responses of molluscs and fish to environmental estrogens and an estrogenic effluent. | it is now well established that there is a diverse array of chemicals discharged into the environment that can mimic or antagonise the action of hormones. these endocrine-disrupting chemicals (edcs) can thus interact with physiological systems and cause alterations in development, growth and reproduction in wildlife that are exposed to them. as yet, however, there is little information on the relative sensitivities of different wildlife groups to these chemicals and/or mixtures of them (e.g. est ... | 2003 | 12946619 |
| comparison of vitellogenin responses in zebrafish and rainbow trout following exposure to environmental estrogens. | in this comparative study, the suitability of the commonly used in vivo biomarker for estrogenicity, vitellogenin (vtg), upon waterborne exposure to known environmental estrogens is evaluated in both male zebrafish (danio rerio) and juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the results from initial experiments in which both species were exposed to 4-tert-octylphenol (op) or 17 alpha-ethynylestradiol under semistatic conditions for 3 weeks demonstrated a difference in species sensitivity for ... | 2003 | 12927559 |
| metabolism of bisphenol a in zebrafish (danio rerio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in relation to estrogenic response. | the kinetics of bisphenol a (bpa) were investigated in zebrafish (danio rerio) exposed to 100 microg bpa/l. bpa uptake was measured during a 7-day period followed by an elimination phase of similar duration. after 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 120 and 168 h of uptake/elimination, fish were analysed for their content of bpa, bisphenol a glucuronic acid (bpaga) and bisphenol a sulfate (bpas). within the first 24 h steady state levels of bpa, bpaga and bpas were reached and the total body concentrations we ... | 2003 | 12860056 |
| evolution of glutamine synthetase in vertebrates: multiple glutamine synthetase genes expressed in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | glutamine synthetase (gsase) is a key enzyme in nitrogen metabolism and encoded by a single gene in mammals. using pcr cloning techniques, including rt-pcr from total rna and pcr from a cdna library, we find evidence of four expressed gsase mrnas for the tetraploid rainbow trout. for two of these mrnas (onmy-gs01, -gs02) we characterize the full-length coding regions, and for two others (onmy-gs03, -gs04), we describe partial sequences. northern analysis of onmy-gs01, -gs02, -gs03 and -gs04 indi ... | 2003 | 12654890 |
| differential metallothionein induction patterns in three freshwater fish during sublethal copper exposure. | we assessed whether fish that tolerate higher levels of cu exposure have a higher capacity to induce metallothionein (mt) synthesis than other, more sensitive, fish species. furthermore, we examined if a correlation could be found between tissue cu accumulation and mt levels. cu accumulation and mt concentrations in gill, liver, kidney and muscle of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), common carp (cyprinus carpio) and gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio) were measured during a 1 week exposure ... | 2003 | 14568355 |
| effects of running water on lateral line responses to moving objects. | we investigated in goldfish, carassius auratus, and trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, how running water affects the responses of afferent fibers in the posterior lateral line nerve and of lateral line units in the brainstem medial octavolateralis nucleus to an object that is moved from anterior to posterior or opposite along the side of the fish. in still water, nerve fibers in both species responded to the moving object with alternating periods of increased and decreased firing rate. most fibers in g ... | 2003 | 12784057 |
| c-type natriuretic peptide of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): primary structure and vasorelaxant activities. | natriuretic peptides (nps) play important roles in osmoregulatory and cardiovascular systems of vertebrates. for functional studies of nps, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), a euryhaline fish, is an interesting model. the information on homologous nps of salmonid fish is, however, still incomplete with respect to c-type np (cnp). in this study, we isolated cdnas encoding the precursor of cnp from the brain of trout. predicted mature cnp (cnp-22) sequence was identical to that of killifish fun ... | 2003 | 12568796 |
| characterization of cdna encoding immunoglobulin light chain of the mandarin fish (siniperca chuatsi). | immunoglobulin light chain cdna sequences of a perciform fish, the mandarin fish siniperca chuatsi were amplified from head kidney mrna by reverse transcription (rt)-pcr and race methods using degenerated primer and gene specific ones. in cdna sequences of the vl region, nucleotide exchanges were present mainly within cdrs, although a lesser degree of variability was also found in frs. moreover, the length of cdr1 and cdr3 in the mandarin fish is shorter than in most other fish species. in the m ... | 2003 | 12969639 |
| integrated responses of na+/hco3- cotransporters and v-type h+-atpases in the fish gill and kidney during respiratory acidosis. | using degenerate primers, followed by 3' and 5' race and "long" pcr, a continuous 4050-bp cdna was obtained and sequenced from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) gill. the cdna included an open reading frame encoding a deduced protein of 1088 amino acids. a blast search of the genbank protein database demonstrated that the trout gene shared high sequence similarity with several vertebrate na(+)/hco(3)(-) cotransporters (nbcs) and in particular, nbc1. protein alignment revealed that the trout nb ... | 2003 | 14729154 |
| hepatic versus extrahepatic expression of cyp3a30 and cyp3a56 in adult killifish (fundulus heteroclitus). | members of the cyp3a subfamily represent the largest portion of cyp proteins in liver and intestine in vertebrates. the cyp3a enzymes are involved in metabolic clearance of numerous chemically diverse compounds including toxins, carcinogens, pesticides, therapeutic drugs, dietary products and hormones. most studies of cyp3a have been performed in mammals, whereas relatively little is known of that in non-mammalian species. we have investigated cyp3a expression in the marine and estuarine killifi ... | 2003 | 12842592 |
| polybrominated diphenyl ethers in whitefish from swiss lakes and farmed rainbow trout. | a method for trace analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbde) in fish based on gas chromatography/electron ionization high resolution mass spectrometry (gc/ei-hrms) was developed, and levels of pbde were determined in whitefish (coregonus sp.) from eight swiss lakes and in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) from four swiss fish farms. pbde concentrations (sum of pbde congeners bde-28, bde-47, bde-99, bde-100, bde-153, bde-154, and bde-183) in filet from whitefish between 36 and 165 ng/g ... | 2003 | 12615108 |
| temperature and the expression of seven muscle-specific protein genes during embryogenesis in the atlantic cod gadus morhua l. | seven cdna clones coding for different muscle-specific proteins (msps) were isolated from the fast muscle tissue of atlantic cod gadus morhua l. in situ hybridization using crna probes was used to characterize the temporal and spatial patterns of gene expression with respect to somite stage in embryos incubated at 4 degrees c, 7 degrees c and 10 degrees c. myod transcripts were first observed in the presomitic mesoderm prior to somite formation, and in the lateral compartment of the forming somi ... | 2003 | 12909700 |
| light chain promoter regions in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss: function of a classical and an atypical ig promoter. | three rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) light chain isotypes (l1, l2 and l3) have been identified at the cdna level. genomic clones have previously been obtained for l1 and l2, revealing different structures of the v/j/c clusters and divergent putative promoter regions. while the l1 putative promoter has a classical ig promoter structure with tata, e-box, and octamer, the l2 putative promoter lacks typical features of the ig promoter. the l2 putative promoter region contains a kappa-y motif, a ... | 2002 | 12377218 |
| nors inheritance analysis in crossings including individuals from two stocks of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | silver nitrate staining of rainbow trouts (oncorhynchus mykiss) chromosomes, for the identification of the nucleolar organizing regions (nors), revealed that in individuals from núcleo experimental de salmonicultura de campos do jordão (brazil) nors were located in the long arms of submetacentric pair while in specimens from mount shasta (usa) nors were located in the short arms of a submetacentric pair. cytogenetic analysis of the offspring, obtained through artificial crosses including individ ... | 2002 | 12471670 |
| toxicity evaluation of new antifouling compounds using suspension-cultured fish cells. | a simple, rapid toxicity test was developed using the suspension-cultured fish cell line chse-sp derived from chinook salmon oncorhynchus tshawytscha embryos in order to assess the toxicity of new marine antifouling compounds. the compounds tested were copper pyrithione, diuron, irgarol 1051, kh101, sea-nine 211, and zinc pyrithione, all of which have been nominated in japan as possible replacements for organotin compounds. the in vitro acute toxicity (24-h ec50) of the six compounds to these fi ... | 2002 | 11999777 |
| protein and arginine requirements for maintenance and nitrogen gain in four teleosts. | besides being an indispensable amino acid for protein synthesis, arginine (arg) is also involved in a number of other physiological functions. available data on the quantitative requirement for arg in different teleosts appear to show much variability. so far, there are very limited data on the maintenance requirements of indispensable amino acids (iaa) in fish. in the present study, we compared n and arg requirements for maintenance and growth of four finfish species: rainbow trout (oncorhynchu ... | 2002 | 12010584 |