Publications

structure of a sialo-oligosaccharide from glycophorin in carp red blood cell membranes.	we isolated a high-purity carp glycophorin from carp erythrocyte membranes and prepared the oligosaccharide fraction from glycophorin by β-elimination [1]. the oligosaccharide fraction was separated into two components (p-1 and p-2) using a glyco-pak deae column. these o-linked oligosaccharides (p-1 and p-2) were composed of glucose, galactose, fucose, n-acetylgalactosamine and n-glycolylneuraminic acid (neugc). the p-1 and p-2 contained one and two neugc residues, respectively, and the p-1 exhi ...	2014	25402951
evaluation of cryoprotective effect of turkish pine honey on common carp (cyprinus carpio) spermatozoa.	the cryopreservation procedures that allow preserving sperm cells have been applied for sperm of many species. a sugar like glucose, fructose and sucrose were frequently used in cryomedia but up to the present pine honey was not used for cryopreservation of sperm cells.	2014	25397958
[distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in wild crucian carp and exposure estimation of dietary intake].	the concentration and distribution of pbdes in liver, heart, brain, egg and muscle tissues of market farmed fish and wild river fish (crucian carp) from taizhou, which is a large e-waste recycling site in china, were quantitatively measured using gas chromatography -negative chemical ion tandem mass spectrometry (gc-nci-ms). the dietary intake of pbdes via the consumption of fish by the population of this region was also estimated. the results showed that the concentrations of pbdes in the muscl ...	2014	25338396
allopolyploidization is not so simple: evidence from the origin of the tribe cyprinini (teleostei: cypriniformes).	the identification of allopolyploidization events benefits from molecular dating and divergence assessments of progenitor genomes. information on gene duplications only, either orthologs or paralogs, provides incomplete information. analyses of mitochondrial dna yield insights into matrilineal history, which may differ from patrilineal evolution. two important food and pet fishes, the common carp (cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (carassius sp.), appear to have experienced allotetraploidization som ...	2014	25470283
species-specific preferences of german recreational anglers for freshwater fishing experiences, with emphasis on the intrinsic utilities of fish stocking and wild fishes.	to answer the question, whether anglers have an intrinsic preference for stocking or a preference for catch outcomes (e.g. catch rates) believed to be maintained by stocking, a discrete choice experiment was conducted among a sample of anglers (n = 1335) in lower saxony, germany. after controlling for catch aspects of the fishing experience, no significant influence of two stocking attributes (stocking frequency and composition of the catch in terms of wild v. hatchery fishes) on the utility gai ...	2014	25469949
difference in the gain in the phototransduction cascade between rods and cones in carp.	in the vertebrate retina, there are two types of photoreceptors, rods and cones. rods are highly light-sensitive and cones are less light-sensitive. one of the possible mechanisms accounting for the lower light-sensitivity in cones would be lower signal amplification, i.e., lower gain in the phototransduction cascade in cones. in this study, we compared the difference in the gain between rods and cones electrophysiologically in carp. the initial rising phases of the light responses were analyzed ...	2014	25355220
evaluation of long-term clinical and health service outcomes following coronary artery revascularisation in western australia (wacarp): a population-based cohort study protocol.	coronary artery bypass grafting (cabg) and percutaneous coronary interventions (pci) are procedures commonly performed on patients with significant obstructive coronary artery disease to relieve symptoms of ischaemia, improve survival or both. although the efficacy of both procedures at the individual level has been established, the impact of advances in coronary artery revascularisation procedures (carp) on long-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness at the population level are yet to be assessed ...	2014	25280811
ablation of plasma membrane ca(2+)-atpase isoform 4 prevents development of hypertrophy in a model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.	the mechanisms linking the expression of sarcomeric mutant proteins to the development of pathological hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (hcm) remain poorly understood. we investigated the role of the plasma membrane ca(2+)-atpase pmca4 in the hcm phenotype using a transgenic model that expresses mutant (glu180gly) α-tropomyosin (tm180) in heart. immunoblot analysis revealed that cardiac pmca4 expression was upregulated early in tm180 disease pathogenesis. this was accompanied by an inc ...	2014	25280781
tissue depletion of quinocetone and its five major metabolites in pigs, broilers, and carp fed quinocetone premix.	a residue depletion study was performed to investigate the tissue kinetics of quinocetone (1) and its major metabolites. quinocetone and its major metabolites were simultaneously quantitated with a high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (hplc-uv) method. a total of 25 pigs, 30 broilers, and 50 carp were fed 100 mg/kg quinocetone for 90, 42, and 60 days, respectively. liver, kidney, muscle, and fat (skin) tissues were collected at five different withdrawal times for analysis. results ...	2014	25280481
phagocytosis by thrombocytes is a conserved innate immune mechanism in lower vertebrates.	thrombocytes, nucleated hemostatic blood cells of non-mammalian vertebrates, are regarded as the functional equivalent of anucleated mammalian platelets. additional immune functions, including phagocytosis, have also been suggested for thrombocytes, but no conclusive molecular or cellular experimental evidence for their potential ingestion and clearance of infiltrating microbes has been provided till date. in the present study, we demonstrate the active phagocytic ability of thrombocytes in lowe ...	2014	25278940
different enzymatic activities in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) as potential biomarkers of exposure to the pesticide methomyl.	this study investigated the influence of the pesticide methomyl on different enzymatic activities in carp. the fish were exposed to a sub-lethal concentration (0.34 mg l-1) of methomyl for 15 days. on days 4 and 15, catalase (cat) and glutathione-s-transferase (gst) activities were measured in the liver and gills. acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity in brain and muscle was also determined. liver catalase activity slightly increased in exposed fish when compared to controls, but it was statistic ...	2014	25274935
the dietary wood betony, stachys lavandulifolia vahl extract as a growth promoter and immune enhancer in common carp (cyprinus carpio).	the present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of wood betony (wb), stachys lavandulifolia extract on growth performance and some immune responses in common carp, cyprinus carpio. different concentrations of the wb extract 0, 2, 4 and 8% (g per 100 g of diet) were added to commercial diet. each treatment was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of fish having average initial weight of 44 ± 0.62 g for 10 weeks. the results showed that final weight, food conversion ratio, specific grow ...	2014	27175131
effects of dietary fructo-oligosaccharide supplementation on the growth performance, haemato-immunological parameters, gut microbiota and stress resistance of common carp (cyprinus carpio) fry.	the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fructo-oligosaccharide (fos) (0, 1, 2 and 3%) supplementation on the growth performance, haemato-immunological parameters, cultivable autochthonous (non-adherent) intestinal microbiota and stress resistance of common carp (cyprinus carpio) fry (3·23 (sem 0·14) g). these parameters were measured after feeding the carp fry with the experimental diets for 7 weeks. dietary fos supplementation had no significant effects on the grow ...	2014	25313574
cloning and characterization of two subunits of calcineurin cdna in naked carp (gymnocypris przewalskii) from lake qinghai, china.	the naked carp (gymnocypris przewalskii), a native teleost, plays an important role in maintenance of the ecological balance in the system of lake qinghai (altitude, 3.2 km) on the qinghai-tibet plateau in china. calcineurin (cn) is the only member of the serine/threonine phosphatase family that can be activated by both ca2+ and calmodulin (cam) and involved in many important physiological processes such as salt tolerance/adaption. in this report, cdnas of cn catalytic subunit paralogue isoforms ...	2014	25308739
in-depth proteomic analysis of carp (cyprinus carpio l) spermatozoa.	using a combination of protein fractionation by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, we identified 348 proteins in carp spermatozoa, most of which were for the first time identified in fish. dynein, tubulin, hsp90, hsp70, hsp60, adenosylhomocysteinase, nkef-b, brain type creatine kinase, mitochondrial atp synthase, and valosin containing enzyme represent high abundance proteins in carp spermatozoa. these ...	2014	25305539
contrasting patterns of larval mortality in two sympatric riverine fish species: a test of the critical period hypothesis.	understanding the causal mechanisms that determine recruitment success is critical to the effective conservation of wild fish populations. although recruitment strength is likely determined during early life when mortality is greatest, few studies have documented age-specific mortality rates for fish during this period. we investigated age-specific mortality of individual cohorts of two species of riverine fish from yolksac larvae to juveniles, assaying for the presence of a "critical period": a ...	2014	25299441
determination of heavy metal contents in some freshwater fishes.	the concentrations of heavy metals in tench, pike-perch, and common carp fish caught in four different seasons from damsa dam lake (nevşehir) were determined. heavy metal contents of fishes changed depending on seasons. the highest al (20.894 mg/kg) in tench was established in winter, and the lowest al (1.605 mg/kg) was determined in summer. fe content of tench fish changed between 112.906 mg/kg (autumn) and 31.207 mg/kg (spring). in addition, zn contents of tench were found between 36.0323 mg/k ...	2014	25119695
[ovarian tumor in a koi carp (cyprinus carpio): diagnosis, surgery, postoperative care and tumour classification].	although ovarian tumour in the koi (cyprinus carpio) does not appear to be an uncommon condition, its occurrence and therapy has rarely been reported. in the present case, the decision for surgery was based on clinical and sonographic findings of an intracoelomic mass. we used tricaine methansulfonate for the anaesthesia. laparotomy was performed by ventral access and an ovarian tumour of 12-cm diameter was removed. the wound was sutured in two layers using vicryl®. in addition to the applicatio ...	2014	25119634
solution and high-pressure nmr studies of the structure, dynamics, and stability of the cross-reactive allergenic cod parvalbumin gad m 1.	beta-parvalbumins from different fish species have been identified as the main elicitors of ige-mediated reactions in fish-allergic individuals. here, we report for the first time the nmr determination of the structure and dynamics of the major atlantic cod (gadus morhua) allergen gad m 1 and compare them with other known parvalbumins. although the gad m 1 structure and accessibility of putative ige epitopes are similar to parvalbumins in mackerel and carp, the charge distribution at the putativ ...	2014	25116395
isolation and characterization of glycophorin from carp red blood cell membranes.	we isolated a high-purity carp glycophorin from carp erythrocyte membranes following extraction using the lithium diiodosalicylate (lis)-phenol method and streptomycin treatment. the main carp glycophorin was observed to locate at the position of the carp and human band-3 proteins on an sds-polyacrylamide gel. only the n-glycolylneuraminic acid (neugc) form of sialic acid was detected in the carp glycophorin. the oligosaccharide fraction was separated into two components (p-1 and p-2) using a gl ...	2014	25110961
the effect of nc₆₀ on tissue distribution of ibuprofen in cyprinus carpio.	the potential transfer of fullerene aqueous suspension (nc₆₀) associated contaminants in vivo is one of the most significant and currently not well-understood environmental risks. in this study, the carrier function of nc₆₀ for ibuprofen (ibu) was examined through whole-body and tissue distribution determination of nc₆₀ and ibu in cyprinus carpio. the results showed that the presence of nc₆₀ only slightly increased the whole-body burden of ibu, because the amount of soluble ibu far exceeds that ...	2014	25108247
potential effects of hydroelectric dam development in the mekong river basin on the migration of siamese mud carp (henicorhynchus siamensis and h. lobatus) elucidated by otolith microchemistry.	the migration of siamese mud carp (henicorhynchus siamensis and h. lobatus), two of the most economically important fish species in the mekong river, was studied using an otolith microchemistry technique. fish and river water samples were collected in seven regions throughout the whole basin in thailand, laos and cambodia over a 4 year study period. there was coherence between the elements in the ambient water and on the surface of the otoliths, with strontium (sr) and barium (ba) showing the st ...	2014	25099147
[macroscopic and microscopic identification of amomum tsao-ko and amomum paratsao-ko fruits].	to compare macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the fruits of amomum tsao-ko and amomum paratsao-ko.	2014	25095341
molecular responses in digestive tract of juvenile common carp after chronic exposure to sublethal tributyltin.	the effect of long-term exposure to tributyltin (tbt) on the intestine-related biochemical biomarkers in common carp was investigated in this study. fish were exposed at sub-lethal concentrations of tbt (75 ng/l, 0.75 and 7.5 μg/l) for 60 days. multiple biomarkers were measured, including digestive enzymes (trypsin, lipase and amylase), antioxidant responses (malondialdehyde (mda) and total antioxidative capacity (t-aoc)), rna/dna ratio and the expression of digestive-related genes (try, lipc an ...	2014	25129219
molecular fingerprinting of the myxozoan community in common carp suffering swim bladder inflammation (sbi) identifies multiple etiological agents.	swim bladder inflammation (sbi) is an important disease of common carp fingerlings in central europe. in the 1980s, its etiology was ascribed to multicellular proliferative stages of the myxozoan parasite sphaerospora dykovae (formerly s. renicola). s. dykovae was reported to proliferate in the blood and in the swim bladder prior to the invasion of the kidney, where sporogony takes place. due to the presence of emerging numbers of proliferative myxozoan blood stages at different carp culture sit ...	2014	25167920
uptake, tissue distribution, and depuration of total silver in common carp (cyprinus carpio) after aqueous exposure to silver nanoparticles.	the increased use and disposal of silver nanoparticles (agnps) has led to their release from wastewater treatment plants into surface waters and concern over potential for negative effects in aquatic organisms. investigations of the toxicity of agnps in fish have considered various species, exposure routes, and test end points; however, the toxicokinetics of total silver has not been studied in fish exposed to aqueous agnps. in this study, we investigated the toxicokinetics of total silver in co ...	2014	25171685
managing conflicts arising from fisheries enhancements based on non-native fishes in southern africa.	southern africa has a long history of non-native fish introductions for the enhancement of recreational and commercial fisheries, due to a perceived lack of suitable native species. this has resulted in some important inland fisheries being based on non-native fishes. regionally, these introductions are predominantly not benign, and non-native fishes are considered one of the main threats to aquatic biodiversity because they affect native biota through predation, competition, habitat alteration, ...	2014	25256916
effects of temperature on auditory sensitivity in eurythermal fishes: common carp cyprinus carpio (family cyprinidae) versus wels catfish silurus glanis (family siluridae).	in ectothermal animals such as fish, -temperature affects physiological and metabolic processes. this includes sensory organs such as the auditory system. the reported effects of temperature on hearing in eurythermal otophysines are contradictory. we therefore investigated the effect on the auditory system in species representing two different orders.	2014	25255456
comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the genetic basis of skin color variation in common carp.	the common carp is an important aquaculture species that is widely distributed across the world. during the long history of carp domestication, numerous carp strains with diverse skin colors have been established. skin color is used as a visual criterion to determine the market value of carp. however, the genetic basis of common carp skin color has not been extensively studied.	2014	25255374
pharmacokinetics of sustained-release analgesics in mice.	buprenorphine and carprofen, 2 of the most commonly used analgesics in mice, must be administered every 8 to 12 h to provide sustained analgesia. sustained-release (sr) formulations of analgesics maintain plasma levels that should be sufficient to provide sustained analgesia yet require less frequent dosing and thus less handling of and stress to the animals. the pharmacokinetics of sr formulations of buprenorphine (bup-sr), butorphanol (butp-sr), fentanyl (fent-sr), carprofen (carp-sr), and mel ...	2014	25255070
development of a list of reference chemicals for evaluating alternative methods to in vivo fish bioaccumulation tests.	the aim to reduce the number of animals in experiments has highlighted the need to develop and validate nonanimal methods as alternatives to bioaccumulation studies using fish. the present study details a novel 3-tier approach to develop a list of reference compounds to aid this process. the approach was based on 1) the inclusion of relevant chemical classes supported by high-quality in vivo data for the bioconcentration factor (bcf), whole-body biotransformation rates (k(met)), and metabolism c ...	2014	25244043
genome sequence and genetic diversity of the common carp, cyprinus carpio.	the common carp, cyprinus carpio, is one of the most important cyprinid species and globally accounts for 10% of freshwater aquaculture production. here we present a draft genome of domesticated c. carpio (strain songpu), whose current assembly contains 52,610 protein-coding genes and approximately 92.3% coverage of its paleotetraploidized genome (2n = 100). the latest round of whole-genome duplication has been estimated to have occurred approximately 8.2 million years ago. genome resequencing o ...	2014	25240282
supplementary studies on myxobolus tsangwuensis chen, 1954 (myxozoa: myxosporea) infecting the gills of common carp cyprinus carpio (l.): molecular and histological data.	myxobolus tsangwuensis chen, 1954 is a common parasite infecting the gills of common carp cyprinus carpio (l.). it was described simply in the original description and its molecular data was absent, which makes the accurate diagnosis challenging. here we supplemented its description based on the morphological, histological and molecular data. it was characterized by the presence of small round or ellipsoidal plasmodia in the gills of host and histology showed the plasmodia developed in the capil ...	2014	25236276
expression of erk and p-erk proteins of erk signaling pathway in the kidneys of fluoride-exposed carp (cyprinus carpio).	chronic exposure to fluoride can result in a variety of adverse effects in fish. previously we indicated that high fluoride caused damage and apoptosis in the kidneys of the common carp, cyprinus carpio. in this study, the effects of fluoride on the expression and localization of erk and p-erk proteins in the erk signaling pathway were determined using western blotting and immunohistochemical methods in the kidneys of carp exposed to 0, 40, 80, 120mg/l fluoride, respectively. western blotting an ...	2014	25190107
retrograde positive contrast urethrocystography of the fish urogenital system.	the radiological differences between the urinary tract of dicentrarchus labrax, sparus aurata, tinca tinca, and cyprinus carpio are shown. in fresh water teleosts the urinary bladder is sigmoid and a short urethra leads to the urinary pore. genital and anal pores are present. in sparus aurata the urinary bladder has a globoid shape. in dicentrarchus labrax the urinary bladder is smaller and elongate. in both marine teleosts a single urogenital pore is visible. positive contrast was used to surv ...	2014	25180198
pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in immune organs of the common carp exposed to atrazine and chlorpyrifos.	atrazine (atr) and chlorpyrifos (cpf) are toxic and subject to long-term in vivo accumulation in different aquatic species throughout the world. the purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of atr, cpf and combined atr/cpf exposure on cytokines in the head kidney and spleen of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). the carp were sampled after a 40-d exposure to cpf and atr, individually or in combination, followed by a 40-d recovery to measure the mrna expression of il-6fam (il-6), il-8 ...	2014	25175644
mechanism of deep-sea fish α-actin pressure tolerance investigated by molecular dynamics simulations.	the pressure tolerance of monomeric α-actin proteins from the deep-sea fish coryphaenoides armatus and c. yaquinae was compared to that of non-deep-sea fish c. acrolepis, carp, and rabbit/human/chicken actins using molecular dynamics simulations at 0.1 and 60 mpa. the amino acid sequences of actins are highly conserved across a variety of species. the actins from c. armatus and c. yaquinae have the specific substitutions q137k/v54a and q137k/l67p, respectively, relative to c. acrolepis, and are ...	2014	24465747
molecular characterization and expression patterns of myogenin in compensatory growth of megalobrama amblycephala.	myogenin (myog) is a muscle-specific basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) transcription factor that plays an essential role in regulating skeletal muscle development and growth. to investigate molecular characterization of myog and the effect of starvation/refeeding on the gene expression, we isolated the myog cdna sequence and analyzed the expression patterns using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in megalobrama amblycephala. sequence analysis indicated that m. amblycephala myog shared ...	2014	24440962
[polychlorinated biphenyls and their methylsulfonyl metabolites in fish from an electronic waste recycling site in south china: tissue distribution and human dietary exposure].	in the present study, we determined polychlorinated biphenyls and their methylsulfonyl metabolites (meso2-pcbs) in the tissues of two fish species-mud carp and northern snakehead-from a natural pond in an electronic waste recycling site in the pearl river delta, southern china. the mean concentrations of pcbs (σ pcbs )varied from 560 to 10 462 ng x g(-1) wet weight, and from 580 to 50 492 ng x g(-1) wet weight in the tissues of mud carp and northern snakehead, respectively, with the highest leve ...	2014	25826938
species-specific bioaccumulation of halogenated organic pollutants and their metabolites in fish serum from an e-waste site, south china.	halogenated organic pollutants (hops)-including organochlorine pesticides (ocps), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), polybrominated diphenylethers (pbdes), polybromobiphenyls (pbbs), dechlorane plus (dp), tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa), and hexabromocyclododecanes (hbcds) as well as pcb metabolites (methylsulfone [meso2-]) and hydroxylated (oh-) pcbs and oh-pbdes-were determined in the serum of mud carp and northern snakehead from an electronic-waste (e-waste) site in south china. the average conc ...	2014	24859045
risk assessment of trace elements in cultured freshwater fishes from jiangxi province, china.	the levels of trace elements (as, cd, cr, cu, fe, ni, pb, se, and zn) in eight species of cultured freshwater fishes from jiangxi province were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy. all the studied trace element levels in fish muscles from jiangxi province did not exceed chinese national standard and european union standard, and they were often lower than previous studies. the calculated target hazard quotient values for all the studied trace elements in fish samples were m ...	2014	24258771
genomic cloning and sequence analysis of interleukin-10 from labeo rohita.	interleukin-10 (il-10) is a pleiotropic cytokine and plays an important role in inflammation, immunoregulation and the pathogenesis of various diseases. therefore, it is our interest to isolate, clone, sequence and characterize il-10 gene from the fish labeo rohita (lr). the gene was amplified using genomic dna isolated from head kidney with primers designed on conserved sequence homologues of fishes belonging to cyprinidae family. the glril-10 is 1467 nucleotides long with five exons and four i ...	2014	25489171
melatonin concentrations in relation to oxidative status and oocyte dynamics in the ovary during different reproductive phases of an annual cycle in carp catla catla.	the present study on carp catla catla is the first attempt to search for a relationship between the concentrations of melatonin, oxidative status, and oocyte dynamics in the ovary of any fish. we measured the levels of melatonin, different antioxidative agents, and the marker of intracellular stress along with the profiles of different developmental stages of oocyte in the ovary of adult carp during four distinct phases in an annual reproductive cycle. ovarian melatonin titers displayed signific ...	2014	25201351
first evidence of comparative responses of toll-like receptor 22 (tlr22) to relatively resistant and susceptible indian farmed carps to argulus siamensis infection.	toll-like receptor 22 (tlr22) is present in teleost but not in mammals. among indian farmed carps, catla catla is relatively more resistant than labeo rohita to argulus siamensis lice infection. tlr22 is believed to be associated with innate immunity against ectoparasite infection. to investigate the tlr22 mediated immunity against argulosis, we have cloned and characterized tlr22 genes of l. rohita (rtlr22) and c. catla (ctlr22). the full-length cdnas of rtlr22 and ctlr22 contained an open read ...	2014	24998226
cross-priming of microsatellite loci in subfamily cyprininae (family cyprinidae): their utility in finding markers for population genetic analysis in three indian major carps.	this study is aimed to identify polymorphic microsatellite markers and establish their potential for population genetics studies in three carp (family cyprinidae; subfamily cyprininae) species, labeo rohita, catla catla and cirrhinus mrigala through use of cyprinid primers. these species have high commercial value and knowledge of genetic variation is important for management of farmed and wild populations. we tested 108 microsatellite primers from 11 species belonging to three different cyprini ...	2014	24792330
toxicological effects of clofibric acid and diclofenac on plasma thyroid hormones of an indian major carp, cirrhinus mrigala during short and long-term exposures.	in the present investigation, the toxicity of most commonly detected pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment namely clofibric acid (ca) and diclofenac (dcf) was investigated in an indian major carp cirrhinus mrigala. fingerlings of c. mrigala were exposed to different concentrations (1, 10 and 100μgl(-1)) of ca and dcf for a period of 96h (short term) and 35 days (long term). the toxic effects of ca and dcf on thyroid hormones (ths) such as thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh), thyroxine (t4) an ...	2014	25461555
molecular characterization of myxobolus cuttacki (myxozoa, myxosporea, bivalvulida) infecting gill lamellae of minor carp labeo bata (ham.).	as new pathogenic strains are emerging and threatening aquaculture development, myxosporeans (myxozoa) are receiving much attention in recent years. myxosporean taxonomy is traditionally based on morphology of the myxospore stage. molecular data on indian myxosporeans are rare. in this report, the 18s rrna gene sequence of myxobolus cuttacki infecting gill lamellae of minor carp labeo bata (ham.) and its phylogenetic relationship with other myxobolids are described for the first time. the plasmo ...	2014	27843987
a new growth curve model for biological growth: some inferential studies on the growth of cirrhinus mrigala.	growth of living organisms is a fundamental biological process. it depicts the physiological development of the species related to the environment. mathematical development of growth curve models has a long history since its birth. we propose a mathematical model to describe the evolution of relative growth rate as a function of time based on a real life experiment on a major indian carp cirrhinus mrigala. we establish that the proposed model is able to describe the fish growth dynamics more acc ...	2014	24933474
histological and histochemical investigations of the pharyngeal jaw apparatus of a carp cirrhinus mrigala.	the histological organization and histochemical aspects of the pharyngeal jaw apparatus of the indian major carp cirrhinus mrigala are described. the pharyngeal jaw apparatus consists of a lower pharyngeal jaw and a chewing pad. histochemical analysis reveals that the epithelium covering the lower pharyngeal jaw is mucogenic and is involved in the secretion of different classes of glycoproteins (gps) including gps with oxidizable vicinal diols, gps with o-sulphate esters and gps with sialic acid ...	2014	24103525
glycoproteins in the buccal epithelium of a carp, cirrhinus mrigala (pisces, cyprinidae): a histochemical profile.	glycoproteins (gps) were visualized histochemically in the secretory cells - the mucous goblet cells (the type a and the type b), the rodlet cells and the epithelial cells in different regions of the buccal cavity of cirrhinus mrigala. the type a mucous goblet cells, the type b mucous goblet cells, the rodlet cells and the epithelial cells elaborate gps with oxidizable vicinal diols and gps with sialic acid residue without o-acyl substitution. the type a mucous goblet cells, in addition, contain ...	2014	23551209
the thermal contribution to photoactivation in a2 visual pigments studied by temperature effects on spectral properties.	effects of temperature on the spectral properties of visual pigments were measured in the physiological range (5-28 degrees c) in photoreceptor cells of bullfrog (rana catesbeiana) and crucian carp (carassius carassius). absorbance spectra recorded by microspectrophotometry (msp) in single cells and sensitivity spectra recorded by electroretinography (erg) across the isolated retina were combined to yield accurate composite spectra from ca. 400 nm to 800 nm. the four photoreceptor types selected ...	2014	14658769
life without oxygen: gene regulatory responses of the crucian carp (carassius carassius) heart subjected to chronic anoxia.	crucian carp are unusual among vertebrates in surviving extended periods in the complete absence of molecular oxygen. during this time cardiac output is maintained though these mechanisms are not well understood. using a high-density cdna microarray, we have defined the genome-wide gene expression responses of cardiac tissue after exposing the fish at two temperatures (8 and 13 °c) to one and seven days of anoxia, followed by seven days after restoration to normoxia. at 8 °c, using a false disco ...	2014	25372666
molecular cytogenetic analysis of the crucian carp, carassius carassius (linnaeus, 1758) (teleostei, cyprinidae), using chromosome staining and fluorescence in situ hybridisation with rdna probes.	the crucian carp carassius carassius (linnaeus, 1758) is a species with restricted and decreasing distribution in europe. six males and six females of the species from the baltic sea basin in poland were examined to show sequentially cma3/agno3 staining pattern, dapi staining, and, for the first time in literature, molecular cytogenetic analysis using double-colour fluorescence in situ hybridisation (fish) with 28s and 5s rdna probes. the karyotype consisted of 20 m, 36 sm and 44 sta chromosomes ...	2014	25349674
fatty acid composition of the muscle lipids of five fish species in işıklı and karacaören dam lake, turkey.	total fatty acid composition of muscle lipids in some fish species (cyprinus carpio (işıklı dam lake), tinca tinca (işıklı dam lake), scardinius erythrophthalmus (işıklı dam lake), cyprinus carpio (karacaören dam lake), and carassius carassius (karacaören dam lake)) was determined by gas chromatography. polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) of cyprinus carpio (işıklı dam lake) were found higher than pufa of other species. palmitic acid was the highest saturated fatty acid (sfa) in tinca tinca (24. ...	2014	25143856
a new potassium ion current induced by stimulation of m2 cholinoreceptors in fish atrial myocytes.	a novel potassium ion current induced by muscarinic stimulation (ikach2) is characterized in atrial cardiomyocytes of teleost fishes (crucian carp, carassius carassius; rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss) by means of the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. the current is elicited in atrial, but not ventricular, cells by application of carbamylcholine (cch) in moderate to high concentrations (10(-7)-10(-4) mol l(-1)). it can be distinguished from the classic ikach, activated by the βγ-subunit of th ...	2014	24526726
evaluation of the interactive effects of lead, zinc and benzo(k)fluoranthene on crucian carp, carassius carassius, using a multiple biomarker approach.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the interactive effects of the metals lead (pb) and zinc (zn) and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo(k)fluoranthene (bkf) on crucian carp (carassius carassius). to this end, various biomarkers in the fish [7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod); superoxide dismutase (sod); malondialdehyde (mda) and metallothioneins (mt)] were measured after 96 h of exposure. when compared to either treatment with pb and zn mixtures or bkf-only treatment, the treatment ...	2014	24500392
use of heat shock protein mrna expressions as biomarkers in wild crucian carp for monitoring water quality.	in organisms, the production of heat shock proteins (hsps) can be induced after exposure to various stressors. in the present study, partial cdna sequences encoding of hsp30, hsp60, hsp70, and hsp90 genes were isolated and sequenced in the crucian carp (carassius carassius). next, quantitative real-time reverse transcription pcr (qrt-pcr) assays normalized to beta-actin were developed to quantify hsp mrna expression. the same methods were used to detect hsp mrna expression in the wild crucian ca ...	2014	24370851
species- and chamber-specific responses of 12 kda fk506-binding protein to temperature in fish heart.	the sarcoplasmic reticulum (sr) ca(2+) release channel or ryanodine receptor (ryr) of the vertebrate heart is regulated by the fk506-binding proteins, fkbp12 and fkbp12.6. this study examines whether temperature-related changes in the sr function of fish hearts are associated with changes in fkbp12 expression. for this purpose, a polyclonal antibody against trout fkbp12 was used to compare fkpb12 expression in cold-acclimated (4 °c, ca) and warm-acclimated (18 °c, wa) rainbow trout (oncorhynchus ...	2014	24048915
trophic status and helminth infracommunities of fish populations in kashmir himalayan lakes.	the present study considers the influence of the trophic status of three kashmir himalayan lakes on the patterns of helminth infracommunities in populations of three species of fish during 2006 to 2008. data were collected from three lakes of differing trophic status in the kashmir himalayas, namely anchar, a hyper(eu)trophic lake; dal, a eutrophic lake; and manasbal, a meso(eu)trophic lake. three species of fish examined included the native fish schizothorax niger heckel and two exotic species- ...	2014	23510501
validation of reference genes for rt-qpcr analysis of cyp4t expression in crucian carp.	reference genes are commonly used for normalization of target gene expression during rt-qpcr analysis. however, no housekeeping genes or reference genes have been identified to be stable across different tissue types or under different experimental conditions. to identify the most suitable reference genes for rt-qpcr analysis of target gene expression in the hepatopancreas of crucian carp (carassius auratus) under various conditions (sex, age, water temperature, and drug treatments), seven refer ...	2014	25249772
tempo and mode of recurrent polyploidization in the carassius auratus species complex (cypriniformes, cyprinidae).	polyploidization is an evolutionarily rare but important mechanism in both plants and animals because it increases genetic diversity. goldfish of the carassius auratus species complex can be tetraploids, hexaploids and octaploids. polyploidization events have occurred repeatedly in goldfish, yet the extent of this phenomenon and its phyletic history are poorly understood. we explore the origin, tempo and frequency of polyploidization in chinese and japanese goldfish using both mitochondrial (mtd ...	2014	24398883
peculiar monomeric interferon gammas, ifnγrel 1 and ifnγrel 2, in ginbuna crucian carp.	the existence of fish-specific isoforms of interferon (ifn)γ, known as ifnγ-related (ifnγrel), has been reported in several fish species. however, comparisons with deduced amino acid sequences of known ifnγrels among several fish species have indicated significant differences at the c-terminus basic amino acid continuous sequences, which indicate the existence of multiple ifnγrel isoforms. two distinct cdnas, encoding two ifnγrels, ifngrel 1 and ifngrel 2, were cloned from ginbuna crucian carp ( ...	2014	24373358
the carp-goldfish nucleocytoplasmic hybrid has mitochondria from the carp as the nuclear donor species.	it is widely accepted that mitochondria and its dna (mtdna) exhibit strict maternal inheritance, with sperm contributing no or non-detectable mitochondria to the next generation. in fish, nuclear transfer (nt) through the combination of a donor nucleus and an enucleated oocyte can produce fertile nucleocytoplasmic hybrids (nchs) even between different genera and subfamilies. one of the best studied fish nchs is cyca produced by transplanting the nuclei plus cytoplasm from the common carp (cyprin ...	2014	24365595
helper function of cd4⁺ lymphocytes in antiviral immunity in ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii.	although many recent studies have suggested that cd4(+) helper t cell (th-cell) functions are well conserved among teleost fishes and mammals, there is little evidence that cd4(+) th-cells in fish are actually involved in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity during a secondary immune response. in the present study, adoptive transfer using clonal ginbuna crucian carp and crucian carp hematopoietic necrosis virus (chnv) was used to investigate the functions of cd4(+) cells during humoral and ce ...	2014	24342571
effects of cold acclimation and storage temperature on crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) in a waterless preservation.	the research aims to explore the impact of cold acclimation and storage temperature on crucian carp in a waterless preservation. it is conducted by studying the influence of cold acclimation on crucian carp in temperatures of 5 and 1 °c h(-1), followed by having them preserved under waterless conditions at 4 and 0 °c for 24 h to analyze their aerobic and anaerobic capacities. the research findings revealed that the temperature drop at 1 °c h(-1) is conducive to preserving the activity of lactate ...	2014	24338155
[effect of rate of water temperature increase on sensitivity of fish digestive glycosidases to action of copper and zinc].	an increase in sensitivity of glycosidases of intestinal mucosa has been established in fry of goldfish carassius auratus, carp cyprinus carpio, roach rutilus rutilus, and common perch perca fluviatilis to action in vitro of heavy metal ions (copper and zinc at concentrations of 0.1-25 mg/l) at heating of water at the summer period. the inhibitory effect of copper and zinc ions as a rule was higher at the heating rate of 50 degrees c/h than at the rate of 4 degrees c/h. glycosidases of the perch ...	2014	25508933
[effect of rate of water temperature increase on sensitivity of fish digestive glycosidases to action of copper and zinc].	an increase in sensitivity of glycosidases of intestinal mucosa has been established in fry of goldfish carassius auratus, carp cyprinus carpio, roach rutilus rutilus, and common perch perca fluviatilis to action in vitro of heavy metal ions (copper and zinc at concentrations of 0.1-25 mg/l) at heating of water at the summer period. the inhibitory effect of copper and zinc ions as a rule was higher at the heating rate of 50 degrees c/h than at the rate of 4 degrees c/h. glycosidases of the perch ...	2014	25486802
analysis of mitochondrial respiratory-related genes reveals nuclear and mitochondrial genome cooperation in allotetraploid hybrid.	an allotetraploid hybrid lineage derived from the distant hybridization of red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var., ♀, 2n =100) × common carp (cyprinus carpio l., ♂, 2n =100) was investigated for its mitochondrial and nuclear genome inheritance patterns. based on liver transcriptomic data for this hybrid, red crucian carp, and common carp, we identified 94, 136, and 86 contigs corresponding to 41, 46, and 37 mitochondrial respiratory chain nuclear genes, respectively. mitochondrial respirat ...	2014	25470286
fish mavs is involved in rlr pathway-mediated ifn response.	mammalian mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (mavs) is an essential adapter involved in retinoic acid-inducible gene-i (rig-i)-like receptor (rlr)-triggered interferon (ifn) antiviral immunity. fish mavs homologues have been identified in several fish species; however, the signaling pathway involving fish mavs-mediated ifn response remains to be investigated. in the present study, we report identification of a fish mavs orthologue from crucian carp carassius auratus blastulae embryonic (c ...	2014	25219369
the autotetraploid fish derived from hybridization of carassius auratus red var. (female) × megalobrama amblycephala (male).	the establishment of the tetraploid organism is difficult but useful in genetics and breeding. in the present study, we have artificially established an autotetraploid fish line (f2-f8) derived from the distant hybridization of carassius auratus red var. (rr, 2n = 100) (female) × megalobrama amblycephala (bb, 2n = 48) (male). the autotetraploid line (f2-f8) possess four sets of chromosomes from red crucian carp (rrrr, 4n = 200) and produce diploid ova and diploid sperm, which maintains the forma ...	2014	25165120
complete mitochondrial genome of a natural triploid crucian carp mutant, carassius auratus var. pingxiangnensis, and phylogenetic analysis of different ploidies in crucian carp.	carassius auratus var. pingxiangnensis is a natural triploid crucian carp mutant. in order to understand its placement and genetic background at the gene level, the characteristics of mitochondrial dna sequences and phylogenetic relationship were examined. the results showed that the mitochondrial dna is a circular double-stranded dna molecule that is 16,576 bp in length with 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer rna genes, 2 ribosomal rna genes, and a non-coding control region. mitochondrial gen ...	2014	25117343
integrated biomarkers in wild crucian carp for early warning of water quality in hun river, north china.	metabolizing enzymes play important roles in the detoxification of various pollutants in aquatic organisms, thereby they can also be used to provide early-warning signals of environmental risks. real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays were developed to quantify cytochrome p450 1a (cyp1a), superoxide dismutase (sod), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), catalase (cat), and glutathione-s-transferase (gst) in crucian carp (carassius auratus). the methods were then use ...	2014	25079422
bioaccumulation, distribution and metabolism of bde-153 in the freshwater fish carassius auratus after dietary exposure.	polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) are of great environmental concern due to bioaccumulation and biomagnification in different food chains. however, significant biotransformation of some congeners via reductive debromination has been observed during in vivo and in vitro laboratory exposures. little is known about the fate of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether (bde-153) in fish. in the present study, crucian carp (carassius auratus) were exposed to bde-153 at a concentration of 10μg/g in ...	2014	25038267
gill remodeling in three freshwater teleosts in response to high environmental ammonia.	the present study aimed to determine whether gill macro- and microstructure show compensatory responses in three freshwater fish differing in their sensitivity to high environmental ammonia (hea). the highly ammonia-sensitive salmonid oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), the less ammonia-sensitive cyprinid cyprinus carpio (common carp) and the highly ammonia-resistant cyprinid carassius auratus (goldfish) were used as test species and were exposed for 0 h (control), 3h, 12h, 24h, 48 h, 84 h and ...	2014	25033244
changes in physiochemical properties of water-soluble proteins from crucian carp (carassius auratus) during heat treatment.	in order to understand physicochemical properties of water-soluble proteins obtained from crucian carp, turbidity, total sulfhydryl content, hydrophobicity and sds-page of crucian carp water-soluble proteins during heat treatment were investigated. turbidity remained unchanged up to 44°c and considerably increased from 46°c to 54°c, one peak of increase rate was found at 50°c; total sh content decreased rapidly when heated from 50°c to 55°c; hydrophobicity increased sharply when heated up to 45° ...	2014	24966436
tissue distribution, bioconcentration, metabolism, and effects of erythromycin in crucian carp (carassius auratus).	in this study, the tissue distribution, bioconcentration, metabolism and biological effects of the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin (ery) were investigated in fish using crucian carp (carassius auratus) as a model. crucian carp were exposed to various concentrations of ery (4, 20, and 100 μg/l) for 28 days. the uplc/ms/ms analysis of both water and tissue provided the bioconcentration of ery and its metabolites in the fish body. the results from tissue samples showed that a maximum tissue conce ...	2014	24911771
sequence analysis and subcellular localization of crucian carp carassius auratus viperin.	human viperin is known as an interferon (ifn)-inducible antiviral protein and localizes to endoplasmic reticulum (er) via its n-terminal amphipathic α-helix. little is known about subcellular localization of fish viperin. herein, we characterized subcellular localization of a fish viperin from crucian carp carassius auratus. crucian carp viperin is nearly identical to the other viperin proteins in sequence, with the exception of the first n-terminal 70 amino acids that are defined as n-terminal ...	2014	24825429
developmental toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in artificially fertilized crucian carp (carassius auratus) embryo.	2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) is a persistent bioaccumulative environmental contaminant that is an endocrine disruptor. embryos of various fish species are responsive to tcdd and have been used as an alternative method to the acute toxicity test with juvenile and adult fish. the tcdd test has similar endpoints of developmental toxicity. however, their sensitivity and signs of tcdd-induced toxicity are different depending on fish species and its habit. crucian carp (carassius auratus ...	2014	24751158
anti-oxidative defences are modulated differentially in three freshwater teleosts in response to ammonia-induced oxidative stress.	oxidative stress and the antioxidant response induced by high environmental ammonia (hea) were investigated in the liver and gills of three freshwater teleosts differing in their sensitivities to ammonia. the highly ammonia-sensitive salmonid oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), the less ammonia sensitive cyprinid cyprinus carpio (common carp) and the highly ammonia-resistant cyprinid carassius auratus (goldfish) were exposed to 1 mm ammonia (as nh4hco3) for 0 h (control), 3 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, ...	2014	24740135
comparative study of infection with tetrahymena of different ornamental fish species.	tetrahymena is a ciliated protozoan that can infect a wide range of fish species, although it is most commonly reported in guppies (poecilia reticulata). the aim of this study was to compare the susceptibility to infection with tetrahymena of five different ornamental fish species from two different super orders. the species examined were platy (xiphophorus), molly (poecilia sphenops) and angelfish (pterophyllum scalare) of the acanthopterygii super order (which also includes guppies) and goldfi ...	2014	24650892
identification and analysis of the jnk1 gene in polyploid hybrids of red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var.) and common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk) is an important member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase superfamily. the allotetraploid crucian carp is a product of distant hybridization of female red crucian carp with male common carp. it is the first natural case of an allotetraploid with stable genetic characters, including fertility of both female and male animals. in this study, 2 jnk1 cdnas (including jnk1a and jnk1b) have been cloned from the polyploid crucian carp system, consisting of the allotetr ...	2014	24634111
evidence for the evolutionary origin of goldfish derived from the distant crossing of red crucian carp × common carp.	distant hybridization can generate transgressive hybrid phenotypes that lead to the formation of new populations or species with increased genetic variation. in this study, we produced an experimental hybrid goldfish (eg) by distant crossing of red crucian carp (carassius auratus) × common carp (cyprinus carpio) followed by gynogenesis.	2014	24628745
perfluorinated alkyl substances in water, sediment, plankton and fish from korean rivers and lakes: a nationwide survey.	water, sediment, plankton, and blood and liver tissues of crucian carp (carassius auratus) and mandarin fish (siniperca scherzeri) were collected from six major rivers and lakes in south korea (including namhan river, bukhan river, nakdong river, nam river, yeongsan river and sangsa lake) and analyzed for perfluorinated alkyl substances (pfass). perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) was consistently detected at the greatest concentrations in all media surveyed with the maximum concentration in water ...	2014	24529450
molecular cloning of pcc-dmrt1s and their specific expression patterns in pengze crucian carp (carassius auratus var. pengze) affected by 17α-methyltestosterone.	dmrt1, an important transcription factor associated with testicular differentiation, is conserved among teleost, which could also be detected in ovaries. in the present study, three isoforms of pcc-dmrt1s (pcc-dmrt1a, pcc-dmrt1b and pcc-dmrt1c) resulting from alternative splicing of the dmrt1 gene were cloned and characterized in the triploid gynogenetic fish, the pengze crucian carp. their mrna expression profiling was investigated in juvenile developmental stages, tissues of the adult fish, an ...	2014	24445816
enhanced bioaccumulation of pentachlorophenol in carp in the presence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes.	the impact of suspended particles on the bioavailability of pollutants has long been a controversial topic. in this study, adsorption of pentachlorophenol (pcp) onto a natural suspended particulate matter (spm) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwcnts) was studied. facilitated transports of pcp into carp by spm and mwcnts were evaluated by bioaccumulation tests exposing carp (carassius auratus red var.) to pcp-contaminated water in the presence of spm and mwcnts, respectively. desorption of pcp ...	2014	24151027
immune gene discovery in the crucian carp carassius auratus.	the crucian carp carassius auratus (cyprinidae) is one of the important fish species in aquaculture. although the crucian carp has several economic benefits, their immune system and gene information have not been investigated in depth as yet. here, we performed the transcriptome analysis of c. auratus using the pyrosequencing method and selected several immune-related genes. of unigenes obtained in this species, we identified a number of immune system-related genes (e.g. adhesive protein, antimi ...	2014	24287371
bioconcentration, metabolism, and biomarker responses in freshwater fish carassius auratus exposed to roxithromycin.	to investigate the distribution, bioconcentration, metabolism, and biomarker responses of macrolide antibiotic roxithromycin (rox) in fish, crucian carp (carassius auratus) were exposed to various concentrations of rox (4, 20, and 100μgl(-1)) for 20d. the rox content in different tissues was quantified using uplc/ms/ms. the liver exhibited the highest rox concentration followed by the bile, gills, and muscle tissues. after 15d of exposure to different concentrations of rox, the bioconcentration ...	2014	24210552
use of ultrasonic spectroscopy and viscosimetry for the characterization of chicken skin collagen in comparison with collagens from other animal tissues.	use of traditional sources of collagen such as pork, bovine, and carp has some limitations. chicken skin can be valuable alternative. in this work collagen was isolated from chicken skin using a modified procedure. molecular properties of chicken collagen were analyzed and compared to collagen from other animal skins. acid-soluble collagen type i was obtained with a yield of 25% and water content around 67%. viscosimetry and ultrasonic spectroscopy were newly used for molecular characterization. ...	2014	24279885
determination of pentachlorophenol residue in meat and fish by gas chromatography-electron capture detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with accelerated solvent extraction.	a novel analytical method, using gas chromatography-electron capture detection (gc-ecd) and gc-mass spectrometry detection (ms), was developed for the qualitative and quantitative measurement of pentachlorophenol in meat and fish. the analyte was extracted by methanol-2% trichloroacetic acid (3/1, v/v) with accelerated solvent extraction (ase). the eluted fraction was evaporated and derivatized with acetic anhydride-pyridine (1/1, v/v) for gc-ecd analysis and gc-ms confirmation. the parameters f ...	2014	23690067
functions of two distinct "prolactin-releasing peptides" evolved from a common ancestral gene.	prolactin-releasing peptide (prrp) is one of the rf-amide peptides and was originally identified in the bovine hypothalamus as a stimulator of prolactin (prl) release. independently, another rf-amide peptide was found in japanese crucian carp and named carassius-rfa (c-rfa), which shows high homology to prrp and stimulates prl secretion in teleost fish. therefore, c-rfa has been recognized as fish prrp. however, recent work has revealed that prrp and c-rfa in non-mammalian vertebrates are encode ...	2014	25426099
physical changes in specimens of five species of cyprinidae preserved in ethanol and frozen.	preservation in 30% ethanol and freezing to a temperature of -20 ± 2° c is an appropriate method for measurement of fish eggs, larvae and juveniles. egg diameter of the common carp cyprinus carpio increased insignificantly by 1·32% after preservation compared with live size. the total length (lt ) of 1 day post-hatching (dph) larvae as well as the standard length (ls) of 16 dph larvae of c. carpio increased significantly (2·95 and 1·50%, respectively) after preservation. egg diameter as well as ...	2014	25041177
toxic effects of penoxsulam herbicide in two fish species reared in southern brazil.	toxic effects of penoxsulam herbicide on acetylcholinesterase, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and protein carbonyl were studied in silver catfish (rhamdia sp.) and carp (cyprinus carpio). acetylcholinesterase activity was inhibited in both brain and muscle tissue, with the inhibition being greater in carp than in silver catfish. the levels of malondialdehyde (mda), an indicator of lipid peroxidation, decreased in silver catfish brain tissue, but increased in the carp brain. mda also inc ...	2014	24189995
male gonadal differentiation and the paedomorphic evolution of the testis in teleostei.	testis differentiation from representatives of the otophysi (cyprinus carpio), percomorpha (amatitlania nigrofasciata), and atherinomorpha (poecilia reticulata) was comparatively described. in the undifferentiated gonad of c. carpio, the primordial germ cells (pgcs) are scattered throughout the gonads while in a. nigrofasciata and p. reticulata the pgcs are restricted to the ventral periphery. in the dorsal region of the developing gonads, with the exception of c. carpio, somatic cell rearrangem ...	2014	24740886
effects of pro-tex on zebrafish (danio rerio) larvae, adult common carp (cyprinus carpio) and adult yellowtail kingfish (seriola lalandi).	aquaculture practices bring several stressful events to fish. stressors not only activate the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal-axis, but also evoke cellular stress responses. up-regulation of heat shock proteins (hsps) is among the best studied mechanisms of the cellular stress response. an extract of the prickly pear cactus (opuntia ficus indica), pro-tex, a soluble variant of tex-oe(®), may induce expression of hsps and reduce negative effects of cellular stress. pro-tex therefore is used to ...	2014	24493298
variation in cyanobacterial hepatotoxin (microcystin) content of water samples and two species of fishes collected from a shallow lake in algeria.	microcystins (mcs) produced from cyanobacteria can accumulate in freshwater fish tissues. in this study, variations in these toxins content were examined monthly in water samples and two species of fish in lake oubeira, algeria, from april 2010 to march 2011. during the study period, mcs were analyzed using protein phosphatase type 2a (pp2a) inhibition assay. in lake water, total (dissolved and intracellular toxins) mc concentrations by pp2a ranged from 0.028 to 13.4 μg equivalent mc-lr/l, with ...	2014	24445842
enteric neuroplasticity in seawater-adapted european eel (anguilla anguilla).	european eels live most of their lives in freshwater until spawning migration to the sargasso sea. during seawater adaptation, eels modify their physiology, and their digestive system adapts to the new environment, drinking salt water to compensate for the continuous water loss. in that period, eels stop feeding until spawning. thus, the eel represents a unique model to understand the adaptive changes of the enteric nervous system (ens) to modified salinity and starvation. to this purpose, we as ...	2014	24433383
molecular cloning, characterization and functional assessment of the myosin light polypeptide chain 2 (mylz2) promoter of farmed carp, labeo rohita.	we cloned the 5'-flanking region (1.2 kb) of a muscle-specific gene, encoding myosin light chain 2 polypeptide (mylz2) of a farmed carp, labeo rohita (rohu). sequence analysis using transfac-database search identified the consensus cis acting regulatory elements of tata-box and e (canntg)-box, including the monocyte enhancer factor 2 motif, implying that it is likely to be a functional promoter. the proximal promoter (~620 bp) was highly homologous with that of danio rerio (zebrafish) as compare ...	2014	24740361
in vitro cytotoxicity and multiplex pcr detection of virulence factors of yersinia ruckeri isolated from rainbow trout in north west germany.	the aim of this study was to investigate differences in presence and expression of virulence factors between biotype 1 and 2 strains of 82 yersinia (y.) ruckeri isolates, collected from north west germany during the period of 2004-2012, and to analyze the cytotoxicity of these strains to different fish cell lines. the common virulence factor genes, such as yhla and yhlb encoding for hemolysin yhla, rucc and rupg encoding for ruckerbactin, yrp1 and yrpdef for abc exporter protein system, and two ...	2014	24881275
identification and functional characterization of nonmammalian toll-like receptor 20.	like other vertebrate toll-like receptors (tlrs), the tlrs of teleost fish can be subdivided into six major families, each of which recognize a general class of molecular patterns. however, there also are a number of tlrs with unknown function, the presence of which seems unique to the bony fish, among which is tlr20. we identified full-length complementary dna (cdna) sequences for tlr20 of zebrafish and common carp, two closely related fish species. zebrafish have six copies of tlr20, whereas c ...	2014	24327191
immunity against selected piscine flagellates.	this discussion is on immune response to amyloodinium ocellatum, cryptobia salmositica, trypanoplasma borreli and trypanosoma carassii. piscidin and histone-like proteins enhance innate resistance to amyloodinium. fish that are naturally resistant to cryptobia and trypanoplasma can be bred. cryptobia resistance in charr is controlled by a dominant mendelian locus and protection is via the alternative pathway of complement activation. studies on cryptobia-tolerant charr may lead to production of ...	2014	23872230