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effect of casein hydrolysate, prepared with protease derived from aspergillus oryzae, on subjects with high-normal blood pressure or mild hypertension.casein hydrolysate, prepared with aspergillus oryzae protease, contains angiotensin i-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides, such as val-pro-pro and ile-pro-pro. we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effect of casein hydrolysate on the blood pressure of 144 subjects with high-normal blood pressure (n = 104) and mild hypertension (n = 40). subjects were randomly assigned to two groups for a 12-week intake period. in the test group, both systolic (sbp) a ...200516379551
effects of cooked molasses blocks and fermentation extract or brown seaweed meal inclusion on intake, digestion, and microbial efficiency in steers fed low-quality hay.five ruminally, duodenally, and ileally cannulated steers (376 +/- 8.1 kg of initial bw) were used in a 5 x 5 latin square to evaluate effects of cooked molasses block supplementation and inclusion of fermentation extract (aspergillus oryzae) or brown seaweed meal (ascophyllum nodosum) on intake, site of digestion, and microbial efficiency. diets consisted of switchgrass hay (6.0% cp; dm basis) offered ad libitum, free access to water, and one of three molasses blocks (0.341 kg of dm/d; one-half ...200516282634
l-leucine aminopeptidase production by filamentous aspergillus fungi.to screen various filamentous fungi belonging to aspergillus spp. producing leucine and methionine aminopeptidases.200516305677
value of bilirubin oxidase and its mutants in the diagnosis of hyperbilirubinemia.to elucidate the significance of the coordination amino acid residues in bilirubin oxidase (bo) and their kinetic characteristics, and evaluate whether bo mutants may serve as better diagnostic agent for hyperbilirubinemia.200516305950
taka-amylase a in the conidia of aspergillus oryzae rib40.a study of taka-amylase a of conidia from aspergillus oryzae rib40 was done. during the research, proteins from conidia and germinated conidia were analyzed using sds-page, 2-d gel electrophoresis, western blot analysis, maldi-tof mass spectrometry, and native-page combined with activity staining of taa. the results showed that taa exists not only in germinated conidia but also in conidia. some bands representing degraded products of taa were detected. conidia, which formed on starch (scya), glu ...200516306682
cloning and characterization of saponin hydrolases from aspergillus oryzae and eupenicillium brefeldianum.we purified saponin hydrolases from aspergillus oryzae pf1224 and eupenicillium brefeldianum pf1226. it was confirmed that the enzymes from a. oryzae pf1224 (sda1) and e. brefeldianum pf1226 (sde1) are glycoproteins with molecular masses of 82 and 90 kda respectively. the deduced amino acid sequences of each enzyme from the cloned genes (sda1 or sde1) showed approximately 50% homology with that of the saponin hydrolase sdn1 from neocosmospora vasinfecta var. vasinfecta pf1225 (ddbj accession no. ...200516306700
cloning and expression of nad+-dependent l-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase gene (lada) of aspergillus oryzae.a gene of aspergillus oryzae, lada, which encodes l-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.12), and its cdna were cloned in escherichia coli. the gene consisted of a 1209-bp coding region, interrupted by a 59-bp intron, which encoded a 382-amino-acid polypeptide (40,812 da). the protein showed 67% identity to a well-studied l-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase (lad1) of hypocrea jecorina. the cell-free extract of e. coli, which expressed lada cdna, showed l-arabinitol dehydrogenase activity with nad+. it ...200516310740
cloning and expression analysis of two catalase genes from aspergillus oryzae.fungi contain distinct genes encoding the same class of enzyme that are differentially regulated according to conditions. we cloned two catalase genes, cata and catb, from aspergillus oryzae. the cata gene predicts a 747-amino-acid polypeptide sharing 81% identity with aspergillus fumigatus catalase (cata) and 77% with aspergillus nidulans catalase (cata). the catb gene predicts a 725-amino-acid polypeptide sharing 82% identity with a. fumigatus catalase (catb) and 75% with a. nidulans catalase ...200516233832
[cloning and characterization of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene from chaetomium globosum].the amino acid sequence of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) gene from neurospora crassa (xp-327967) and colletotrichum lindemuthianu (p35143) were subjected to local tblastn searching against the ests local datebase of chaetomium globosum. the full length cdna sequence of 1240bp encoding gapdh gene with an open reading frame of 1014bp and encoding 337 amino acids was obtained. the protein molecular weight was 36.1kd. the dna sequence of gapdh gene was obtained through pcr amplifi ...200516496697
genomics of aspergillus fumigatus.aspergillus fumigatus is a filamentous fungal saprophyte that is ubiquitous in the environment. it is also a human pathogen and induces allergenic response, negatively impacting health care and associated costs significantly around the world. much of the basic biology of this organism is only poorly understood, but the recent completion and publication of its genome sequence provides an excellent tool for researchers to gain insight into these processes. in this review we will summarize some of ...200516499415
growth of aspergillus oryzae during treatment of cassava starch processing wastewater with high content of suspended solids.aspergillus oryzae ifo 30113 was used for the treatment of the cassava starch processing (csp) wastewater. the observations on the fungal morphology showed that, in the shake flasks containing the csp wastewater with the high concentration of suspended solids, the formation of pellets originated from the adherence of germinated spores to solid particles in medium. the attached solid particles were also digested during the fungal fermentation and resulted in the formation of the smooth and hollow ...200416233638
cloning of a novel tyrosinase-encoding gene (melb) from aspergillus oryzae and its overexpression in solid-state culture (rice koji).we have cloned a novel tyrosinase-encoding gene (melb) specifically expressed in solid-state culture of aspergillus oryzae. a tyrosinase-encoding gene (melo) from a. oryzae was already cloned and the protein structures of its catalytic and copper binding domains were investigated. however, our recent results revealed that the melo gene was highly expressed in submerged culture but not in solid-state culture. because tyrosinase activity was also detected in solid-state culture, we assumed that an ...200416233650
cloning and expression of a nad+-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase gene (xdha) of aspergillus oryzae.xdha, which encodes a xylitol dehydrogenase gene, was cloned from aspergillus oryzae genomic dna. it consists of 1214 bp structural region, which is interrupted by two introns, and encodes 358-amino-acid protein (38,197 da). it is similar to the known nad(+)-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.9). the gene was expressed in escherichia coli bl21-ai using a t7 promoter. the cell-free extract of the transformant showed a 36.5 kda band upon sds-page and nad(+)-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase a ...200416233653
isolation and characterization of a novel gene encoding alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase from aspergillus oryzae.we cloned and characterized a novel gene (abfa) encoding alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase (alpha-l-afase) from aspergillus oryzae. one clone homologous to the alpha-l-afase gene of thermotoga maritima was found in an expressed sequence tag (est) library of a. oryzae and a corresponding gene was isolated. molecular analysis showed that the abfa gene carried six exons interrupted by five introns and had an open reading frame encoding 481 amino acid residues. the amino acid sequence similarity at active ...200416233670
characteristics of alpha-glucosidase production from recombinant aspergillus oryzae by membrane-surface liquid culture in comparison with various cultivation methods.alpha-glucosidase was produced using recombinant aspergillus oryzae by membrane-surface liquid culture (mslc), a method previously developed by the authors and the results compared with other methods, including shaking flask culture (sfc), agar-plate culture (apc), culture on urethane sponge supports (usc), and liquid surface culture (lsc) to determine possible reasons for the advantageous features of mslc. when yeast extract was used as a nitrogen source, the amount of enzyme produced by mslc w ...200416233690
a novel amine oxidase-encoding gene from aspergillus oryzae.we cloned a novel gene (aoxa) encoding amine oxidase (aox) from aspergillus oryzae. one cdna clone showing extreme homology to the aox-encoding genes was found in an expressed sequence tag (est) library of a. oryzae. molecular analysis revealed that the aoxa carried four exons interrupted by three introns and had an open reading frame encoding 672 amino acid residues. the deduced amino acid sequence showed about 83.5% identity to the aspergillus niger ao-i. the strictly conserved residues for co ...200416233720
bread eating induced oral angioedema due to alpha-amylase allergy.inhalation of dust from different enzymes can be the cause of occupational asthma in exposed workers. enzymes from different sources are being increasingly used in food. few cases of food allergy to alpha-amylase induced by eating bread have been reported. those cases were reported in bakery-related patients and in a pharmaceutical-industry worker. a 25-year-old farmer suffered sneezing, rhinorrhea, oropharyngeal itching, hoarseness, cough, and non-wheezy dyspnea after eating white bread. skin p ...200415736722
aspergillus oryzae gb-107 fermentation improves nutritional quality of food soybeans and feed soybean meals.this study evaluated the effect of fermentation on the nutritional quality of food-grade soybeans and feed-grade soybean meals. soybeans and soybean meals were fermented by aspergillus oryzae gb-107 in a bed-packed solid fermentor for 48 hours. after fermentation, their nutrient contents as well as trypsin inhibitor were measured and compared with those of raw soybeans and soybean meals. proteins were extracted from fermented and non-fermented soybeans and soybean meals, and the peptide characte ...200415671685
numerical analysis of the depletion zone formation around a growing protein crystal.it is expected that a protein depletion zone and an impurity depletion zone are formed around a crystal during protein crystal growth if the diffusion field around the crystal is not disturbed. the growth rate of the crystal may be decreased and the impurity uptake may be suppressed to result in highly ordered crystals if these zones are not disturbed. it is well known that a microgravity environment can reduce convective fluid motion, and this is thought to disturb the depletion zones. therefor ...200415644341
impact of febra (fermented brown rice with aspergillus oryzae) intake and concentrations of pcdds, pcdfs and pcbs in blood of humans from japan.impact of febra (fermented brown rice with aspergillus oryzae, a rich dietary fiber) intake on the concentrations of polychlorinated-biphenyls (pcbs), -dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dlpcbs), -dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds), and -dibenzofurans (pcdfs) in blood of nine married japanese were studied for 2 years. concentrations of total pcbs (average+/-standard deviation) were greater 326,000+/-263,000 and 207,000+/-89,000 in febra-intake and non-febra-intake groups, respectively, on pg/g lipid ...200415519386
enzymatic production and complete nuclear magnetic resonance assignment of the sugar lactulose.the enzymatic transgalactosylation from lactose to fructose leading to the prebiotic disaccharide lactulose was investigated using the beta-galactosidase from aspergillus oryzae and the hyperthermostable beta-glycosidase from pyrococcus furiosus (celb). the conditions for highest lactulose yields relative to the initial lactose concentration were established on a 1 ml scale. dependent on the initial molar ratio of lactose to fructose, more or fewer oligosaccharides other than lactulose were gene ...200415537307
preventive effect of fermented brown rice and rice bran on n-nitrosomethylbenzylamine-induced esophageal tumorigenesis in rats.modifying effect of fermented brown rice by aspergillus oryzae (fbra) during the initiation or post-initiation phase of n-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (nmba)-induced esophageal tumorigenesis was investigated in rats. five-week-old male f344 rats were divided into 7 groups, and groups 1-5 were given subcutaneous injections of nmba (0.5 mg/kg body weight/injection 15 times) for 5 weeks starting at 7 weeks of age. groups 2 and 4 were fed the diet containing 5 and 10% fbra during the initiation phase, r ...200415547721
limitations of membrane cultures as a model solid-state fermentation system.to examine the reliability of membrane cultures as a model solid-state fermentation (ssf) system.200415548302
detection of aflatoxin-producing molds in korean fermented foods and grains by multiplex pcr.an assay based on multiplex pcr was applied for the detection of potential aflatoxin-producing molds in korean fermented foods and grains. three genes, avfa, omta, and ver-1, coding for key enzymes in aflatoxin biosynthesis, were used as aflatoxin-detecting target genes in multiplex pcr. dna extracted from aspergillus flavus, aspergillus parasiticus, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger, aspergillus terreus, penicillium expansum, and fusarium verticillioides was used as pcr template to test spe ...200415553652
molecular cloning, overexpression, and purification of micrococcus luteus k-3-type glutaminase from aspergillus oryzae rib40.we have for the first time found and cloned the cdna (aoglsa) of aspergillus oryzae rib40, which encodes a 49.9-kda protein sharing 40% homology with the salt-tolerant glutaminase of micrococcus luteus k-3 (micrococcus glutaminase). aoglsa was subcloned into a series of expression vectors and expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae and escherichia coli. the gene product, which we named aogls, showed glutaminase activity and was produced in a cell wall fraction of s. cerevisiae and a soluble protei ...200415555943
analysis of secreted proteins during conidial germination of aspergillus oryzae rib40.to broaden our understanding of extracellular proteins of aspergillus oryzae at the conidial germination stage, analyses of the secreted proteins during germination were carried out. taka-amylase a (taa), glucoamylase (glaa), and aspergillopepsin a (pepa) were identified as the main products by peptide mass fingerprinting. taa and pepa were detected simultaneously with the formation of germ tubes. with the development of germination, the ph of the medium fell from 5.5 to 3.5. the secreted pepa h ...200415618633
efficient degradation of tannic acid by black aspergillus species.a set of aspergillus strains from culture collections and wild-type black aspergilli isolated on non-selective media were used to validate the use of media with 20% tannic acid for exclusive and complete selection of the black aspergilli. the 20% tannic acid medium proved useful for both quantitative and qualitative selection of all different black aspergilli, including all recognized species: a. carbonarius, a. japonicus, a. aculeatus, a foetidus, a. heteromorphus, a. niger, a. tubingensis and ...200415449597
development of a novel quadruple auxotrophic host transformation system by argb gene disruption using adea gene and exploiting adenine auxotrophy in aspergillus oryzae.we previously designed a triple auxotrophic host-vector system in aspergillus oryzae by isolating red-colored adenine auxotrophic mutants upon uv mutagenesis of a double auxotrophic host (niad-sc-). in the present study an effort to exploit this system and construct a novel quadruple auxotrophic host was made by disrupting the argb gene involved in arginine biosynthesis. the argb gene-disruption cassette was generated by fusion pcr, which required only two steps of pcr to insert the selectable m ...200415451104
bioprocess monitoring using near-infrared spectroscopy.near-infrared spectroscopy (nir) is a nondestructive analytical technique that has been used for simultaneous prediction of the concentrations of several substrates, products and constructs in mixtures sampled from fermentation processes. in this chapter, we discuss applications of nir for the monitoring of bioprocesses involving rice vinegar, compost, glycolipid, l-glutamic acid, lactic acid fermentation, mushroom cultivation, and koji production. this includes detailed discussion of applicatio ...200415453190
functional analysis of fructosyl-amino acid oxidases of aspergillus oryzae.three active fractions of fructosyl-amino acid oxidase (faod-ao1, -ao2a, and -ao2b) were isolated from aspergillus oryzae strain rib40. n-terminal and internal amino acid sequences of faod-ao2a corresponded to those of faod-ao2b, suggesting that these two isozymes were derived from the same protein. faod-ao1 and -ao2 were different in substrate specificity and subunit assembly; faod-ao2 was active toward n(epsilon)-fructosyl n(alpha)-z-lysine and fructosyl valine (fru-val), whereas faod-ao1 was ...200415466528
biodegradable water absorbent synthesized from bacterial poly(amino acid)s.biodegradable hydrogels prepared by gamma-irradiation from microbial poly(amino acid)s have been studied. ph-sensitive hydrogels were prepared by the gamma-irradiation of poly(gamma-glutamic acid) (pga) produced by bacillus subtilis and poly(epsilon-lysine) (pl) produced by streptomyces albulus in aqueous solutions. when the gamma-irradiation dose was 19 kgy or more, and the concentration of pga in water was 2 wt.-% or more, transparent hydrogels could be produced. for the 19 kgy dose, the produ ...200415468223
impact of fermented brown rice with aspergillus oryzae (febra) intake and concentrations of polybrominated diphenylethers (pbdes) in blood of humans from japan.the isotope dilution technique was applied for the analysis of new polybrominated diphenylethers (pbdes) calibration standard (both labeled and non-labeled) using high-resolution gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (hrgc-hrms). the relative response factor (rrf) and relative standard deviation (rsd) for new calibration standard in finnigan thermo electron (mat-95xl) and micromass (autospec ultima) were more or less identical with mean rrf (0.9882), rsd (0.0865) and cv% of (8.75) ...200415488571
n-glycosylated catalytic unit meets o-glycosylated propeptide: complex protein architecture in a fungal hexosaminidase.beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase from a filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae is a secreted enzyme known to be an important component of the binary chitinolytic system. cloning of the hexa gene and sequencing of the enzyme revealed its unique preproprotein structure. while the enzyme's zincin-like and catalytic domain had significant similarities with members of the glycohydrolase 20 family, the propeptide was unique for the fungal enzyme. detailed pulse-chase and inhibition studies revealed that pro ...200415494009
cloning and enhanced expression of the cytochrome p450nor gene (nica; cyp55a5) encoding nitric oxide reductase from aspergillus oryzae.we cloned and characterized the gene and cdna of aspergillus oryzae cytochrome p450nor (anor). the anor gene (nica; cyp55a5) has a different gene structure from other p450nor genes in that it has an extra intron. there were not only two kinds of mrna but also two sets of tata-box and ccaat-box, and it appears that this gene has two expression patterns, like cyp55a1 of fusarium oxysporum. a reporter analysis using the uida gene indicated that gene expression of cyp55a5 was induced under anaerobic ...200415502348
different control mechanisms regulate glucoamylase and protease gene transcription in aspergillus oryzae in solid-state and submerged fermentation.solid-state fermentation (ssf) with aspergillus oryzae results in high levels of secreted protein. however, control mechanisms of gene expression in ssf have been only poorly studied. in this study we show that both glucoamylase (glab) and protease (alpa, nptb) genes are highly expressed during surface cultivation on wheat-based solid medium, and even higher during cultivation on wheat kernels. in wheat-based liquid medium, low levels of gene expression are observed. typical ssf cultivation cond ...200415800731
hereditary variation and genetic recombination in koji-molds (aspergillus oryzae and asp. sojae). i. natural variation.natural variation in monospore lines of koji-molds (asp. oryzae and asp. sojae), isolated from commercial koji material or soil and from laboratory stock cultures, has been observed. we can divide the 58 strains of koji-molds investigated into two groups; one group consists of inconstant strains which are very liable to produce natural variants, and the other consists of strains which remain constant through successive single spore culture. the inconstant strains develop colonies bearing various ...200415965886
hiochic acid, a new growth factor for lactobacillus homohiochi and lactobacillus heterohiochi. 200415965887
secretory production of aspergillus oryzae xylanase xynf1, xynf1 cdna product, in the basidiomycete coprinus cinereus.the signal peptide of aspergillus oryzae endo-(1,4)-beta-xylanase xynf1 contains a c-terminal serine-arginine that directs efficient secretion of the enzyme into the culture medium. in the basidiomycete coprinus cinereus, however, there is little secretion of xynf1 into the culture medium. modification of the c-terminal sequence of the signal peptide to lysine-arginine resulted in efficient secretion of c. cinereus xynf1, suggesting the presence of a kex2-like protease in this fungus.200414513296
homogeneous batch cultures of aspergillus oryzae by elimination of wall growth in the variomixing bioreactor.a novel principle for mixing and aeration in stirred bioreactors, named variomixing, was developed. four baffles are rotated intermittently at a rotational speed slower or similar to the speed of a centrally placed axial flow impeller. rotational speeds of the baffles and impeller of 5-10 and 500-600 rpm, respectively, results in the highly turbulent flow regime characteristic of conventional bioreactors with high mixing and mass transfer capacities. stagnant zones around crevices and crannies i ...200414556039
natural and recombinant fungal laccases for paper pulp bleaching.three laccases, a natural form and two recombinant forms obtained from two different expression hosts, were characterized and compared for paper pulp bleaching. laccase from pycnoporus cinnabarinus, a well known lignolytic fungus, was selected as a reference for this study. the corresponding recombinant laccases were produced in aspergillus oryzae and a. niger hosts using the laci gene from p. cinnabarinus to develop a production process without using the expensive laccase inducers required by t ...200414600793
maturation of fermented rice-koji miso can be monitored by an increase in fatty acid ethyl ester.a mixture of steamed soybean and boiled rice with seeded aspergillus oryzae was naturally fermented without addition of yeasts or lactobacilli, and kept matured for 12 months at room temperature. chemical analysis of this rice-koji miso sample for lipid changes during maturation showed that triacylglycerol was gradually decomposed into free fatty acid, with distinct formation of fatty acid ethyl ester which, six months after the start of fermentation, came to account for 35.0% of total lipid. th ...200414745195
new cationic exchanger support for reversible immobilization of proteins.new tailor-made cationic exchange resins have been prepared by covalently binding aspartic-dextran polymers (e.g. mw 15 000-20 000) to porous supports (aminated agarose and sepabeads). more than 80% of the proteins contained in crude extracts from escherichia coli and acetobacter turbidans have been strongly adsorbed on these porous materials at ph 5. this interaction was stronger than in conventional carboxymethyl cellulose (e.g., at ph 7 and 25 degrees c, all proteins previously adsorbed at ph ...200414763854
multiplication of an ancestral gene encoding secreted fungalysin preceded species differentiation in the dermatophytes trichophyton and microsporum.dermatophytes are human and animal pathogenic fungi which cause cutaneous infections and grow exclusively in the stratum corneum, nails and hair. in a culture medium containing soy proteins as sole nitrogen source a substantial proteolytic activity was secreted by trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton mentagrophytes and microsporum canis. this proteolytic activity was 55-75 % inhibited by o-phenanthroline, attesting that metalloproteases were secreted by all three species. using a consensus probe co ...200414766908
a unique dye-decolorizing peroxidase, dyp, from thanatephorus cucumeris dec 1: heterologous expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis.the dye-decolorizing peroxidase dyp is a key enzyme in the decolorizing fungus thanatephorus cucumeris dec 1 that degrades azo and antraquinone dyes. the gene dyp from t. cucumeris dec 1, which has low homology to other peroxidase genes, was cloned and transformed into aspergillus oryzae and glycosylated dyp was expressed at high levels. purified dyp was deglycosylated using gst endo f1 and then crystallized in a strong magnetic field (10 t) at 283 k using ammonium sulfate as precipitant. x-ray ...200414684913
biotechnological advantages of laboratory-scale solid-state fermentation with fungi.despite the increasing number of publications dealing with solid-state (substrate) fermentation (ssf) it is very difficult to draw general conclusion from the data presented. this is due to the lack of proper standardisation that would allow objective comparison with other processes. research work has so far focused on the general applicability of ssf for the production of enzymes, metabolites and spores, in that many different solid substrates (agricultural waste) have been combined with many d ...200414963614
fermentation of seeds of teff (eragrostis teff), grass-pea (lathyrus sativus), and their mixtures: aspects of nutrition and food safety.fermentation of pure teff (eragrostis teff), pure grass-pea (lathyrus sativus), and their mixtures, 9:1 and 8:2 (teff/grass-pea) has been done at two temperatures (room temperature and 35 degrees c) in duplicate using the strains of lactobacillus plantarum, for bacterial fermentation, and aspergillus oryzae and rhizopus oligosporus in succession for solid-state fungal fermentation as inocula. in addition, the natural or spontaneous and back-slopping methods of bacterial fermentation have been do ...200414995115
novel nmr approach to assessing gene transfection: 4-fluoro-2-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside as a prototype reporter molecule for beta-galactosidase.gene therapy holds great promise for the treatment of diverse diseases. however, widespread implementation is hindered by difficulties in assessing the success of transfection in terms of spatial extent, gene expression, and longevity of expression. the development of noninvasive reporter techniques based on appropriate molecules and imaging modalities may help to assay gene expression. 4-fluoro-2-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside (pfonpg) is a novel prototype nmr-sensitive molecule, which is ...200415004806
rnase t1 variant rv cleaves single-stranded rna after purines due to specific recognition by the asn46 side chain amide.attempts to alter the guanine specificity of ribonuclease t1 (rnase t1) by rational or random mutagenesis have failed so far. the rnase t1 variant rv (lys41glu, tyr42phe, asn43arg, tyr45trp, and glu46asn) designed by combination of a random and a rational mutagenesis approach, however, exhibits a stronger preference toward adenosine residues than wild-type rnase t1. steady state kinetics of the cleavage reaction of the two dinucleoside phosphate substrates adenylyl-3',5'-cytidine and guanylyl-3' ...200415005620
amylose formulations for drug delivery to the colon: a comparison of two fermentation models to assess colonic targeting performance in vitro.the purpose of this study was to develop an enzyme-based fermentation system for the in vitro assessment of colonic digestion of amylose films and coatings, and to compare its performance with a conventional fermentation model inoculated with human faecal bacteria. amylose and ethylcellulose were mixed in different ratios and cast as isolated films, as well as spray coated onto drug-(5-aminosalicylic acid) loaded pellets. four commercial amylase enzymes were individually screened for their abili ...200415010137
production of toxic metabolites in aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, and trichoderma reesei: justification of mycotoxin testing in food grade enzyme preparations derived from the three fungi.aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, and trichoderma reesei are three important production organisms used in industrial fermentations. several of the fungal secondary metabolites produced by selected strains of these three fungi are capable of eliciting toxicity in animals. among those toxic substances are the well-known mycotoxins 3-nitropropionic acid and ochratoxin a. however, many others, such as kojic acid, may not be true mycotoxins. the production, extraction, chemical structure, and th ...200415041150
coconut oil cake--a potential raw material for the production of alpha-amylase.solid-state fermentation (ssf) was carried out using coconut oil cake (coc) as substrate for the production of alpha-amylase using a fungal culture of aspergillus oryzae. raw coc supported the growth of the culture, resulting in the production of 1372 u/gds alpha-amylase in 24 h. process optimization using a single parameter mode showed enhanced enzyme titre, which was maximum (1827 u/gds) when ssf was carried out at 30 degrees c for 72 h using a substrate with 68% initial moisture. supplementat ...200415051078
enantioselective transesterification using immobilized aspergillus oryzae overexpressing lipase.in the present study, we used gene manipulation to construct a recombinant aspergillus oryzae strain overexpressing lipase and investigated its application to the optical resolution of chiral compounds. a. oryzae niad300, which was derived from the wild-type strain rib40, was used as the host strain. the tgla gene, which encodes a triacylglycerol lipase, was cloned from the a. oryzae niad300 chromosomal genome, then reintroduced, with and without a secretion-signal sequence, into the genome and ...200415052375
adenine auxotrophic mutants of aspergillus oryzae: development of a novel transformation system with triple auxotrophic hosts.adea and adeb genes homologous to saccharomyces cerevisiae ade1 and ade2, respectively, were cloned from aspergillus oryzae. adea and adeb share 62.8% and 52.5% identities with s. cerevisiae ade1 and ade2, respectively. in order to obtain triple auxotrophic mutants from a. oryzae, 12 red-colored mutant colonies were isolated by uv mutagenesis of a double auxotrophic host, ns4 (niad(-), sc(-)), as a parent strain. all the mutants exhibited adenine auxotrophy and showed fluorescence in the vacuole ...200415056900
injectable controlled release formulations incorporating protein crystals.development of ready-to-inject in situ formable controlled release gel systems for proteins is extremely challenging due to poor stability of proteins in the organic solvents typically used to fabricate these systems and because of the need of initial drying of proteins. the focus of the present study was to develop and characterize injectable controlled release systems composed of crystals of amylase, a model protein, suspended in solutions of polymeric and non-polymeric matrix materials in org ...200415063037
polyol accumulation by aspergillus oryzae at low water activity in solid-state fermentation.polyol accumulation and metabolism were examined in aspergillus oryzae cultured on whole wheat grains or on wheat dough as a model for solid-state culture. in solid-state fermentation (ssf), water activity (a(w)) is typically low resulting in osmotic stress. in addition to a high level of mannitol, which is always present in the cells, a. oryzae accumulated high concentrations of glycerol, erythritol and arabitol at relatively low a(w) (0.96-0.97) in ssf. accumulation of such a mixture of polyol ...200415073319
combined discrete particle and continuum model predicting solid-state fermentation in a drum fermentor.the development of mathematical models facilitates industrial (large-scale) application of solid-state fermentation (ssf). in this study, a two-phase model of a drum fermentor is developed that consists of a discrete particle model (solid phase) and a continuum model (gas phase). the continuum model describes the distribution of air in the bed injected via an aeration pipe. the discrete particle model describes the solid phase. in previous work, mixing during ssf was predicted with the discrete ...200415112293
thermal stabilization of penicillolysin, a thermolabile 19 kda zn2+-protease, obtained by site-directed mutagenesis.penicillolysin is a member of the clan mx and the family of m35 proteases. the enzyme is a thermolabile zn(2+)- protease from penicillium citrinum with a unique substrate profile. we expressed recombinant penicillolysin in aspergillus oryzae and generated several site-directed mutants, r33e/e60r, a167e and t81p, with the intention of exploring thermal stabilization of this protein. we based our choice of mutations on the structures of homologous thermally stable enzymes, deuterolysin (ec 3.4.24. ...200415115852
catalysis of proline-directed protein phosphorylation by peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases.proline-directed protein phosphorylation was shown to depend on the capacity of the targeted ser(thr)-pro bond to exhibit conformational polymorphism. the cis/trans isomer specificity underlying erk2-catalyzed phosphate transfer leads to a complete discrimination of the cis ser(thr)-pro conformer of oligopeptide substrates. we investigated in vitro the erk2-catalyzed phosphorylation of aspergillus oryzae rnase t1 containing two ser-pro bonds both of which share high stabilization energy in their ...200415147846
chemical constituents, antifungal and antioxidative effects of ajwain essential oil and its acetone extract.gc and gc-ms analysis of ajwain essential oil showed the presence of 26 identified components which account for 96.3% of the total amount. thymol (39.1%) was found as a major component along with p-cymene (30.8%), gamma-terpinene (23.2%), beta-pinene (1.7%), terpinene-4-ol (0.8%) whereas acetone extract of ajwain showed the presence of 18 identified components which account for 68.8% of the total amount. the major component was thymol (39.1%) followed by oleic acid (10.4%), linoleic acid (9.6%), ...200415161185
enzymatic synthesis of a beta-d-galactopyranosyl cyclic tetrasaccharide by beta-galactosidases.the galactosyl transfer reaction to cyclo-[-->6)-alpha-d-glcp-(1-->3)-alpha-d-glcp-(1-->6)-alpha-d-glcp-(1-->3)-alpha-d-glcp-(1-->] (cts) was examined using lactose as a donor and beta-galactosidases from aspergillus oryzae and bacillus circulans. the a. oryzae beta-galactosidase produced three galactosyl derivatives of cts. the main galactosyl derivative produced by the a. oryzae enzyme was identified as 6-o-beta-d-galactopyranosyl-cts, cyclo-[-->6)-alpha-d-glcp-(1-->3)-[beta-d-galp-(1-->6)]-al ...200415183734
degradation of raw or film-incorporated beta-cyclodextrin by enzymes and colonic bacteria.beta-cyclodextrin (beta-cd) is a suitable excipient for peroral use, which improves the solubility of lipophilic drugs, as well as for colon-specific drug release when it is mixed with coating polymers. the first aim of this work was to examine the suitability of various enzymes as a simple in vitro model for the glycolytic activity in the human colon. alpha-amylase (source aspergillus oryzae) and taka diastase (source a. oryzae) showed remarkable degradation capacity of free beta-cd, whereas ot ...200415207542
production of fructosyl transferase by aspergillus oryzae cfr 202 in solid-state fermentation using agricultural by-products.fructosyl transferase (ftase) production by aspergillus oryzae cfr 202 was carried out by solid-state fermentation (ssf), using various agricultural by-products like cereal bran, corn products, sugarcane bagasse,cassava bagasse (tippi) and by-products of coffee and tea processing. the ftase produced was used for the production of fructo-oligosaccharides (fos), using 60% sucrose as substrate. among the cereal bran used, rice bran and wheat bran were good substrates for ftase production by a. oryz ...200415221221
transcriptional analysis of genes for energy catabolism and hydrolytic enzymes in the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae using cdna microarrays and expressed sequence tags.aspergillus oryzae is a fungus used extensively in the fermentation industry. we constructed cdna microarrays comprising 2,070 highly expressed cdnas selected from the approximately 6,000 non-redundant expressed sequence tags (ests) in the a. oryzae est database (http://www.aist.go.jp/riodb/ffdb/index.html). using the cdna microarrays, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of a. oryzae cells grown under the glucose-rich (ac) and glucose-depleted (an) liquid culture conditions used during the ...200415221230
processing of a cowpea--groundnut blend into a miso-like product.a traditional salt-miso process was used to produce a miso-like product from a 50-50 mixture of cowpea and groundnuts in a 60-day fermentation process as part of a study to determine the suitability of local legumes as raw materials for the production of miso. the koji was freshly prepared from a locally obtained rice and aspergillus oryzae spores obtained from japan. an old miso sample also obtained from japan was used as the source of lactic acid bacteria. the physico-chemical changes in the p ...200415223597
airborne fungi in industrial environments--potential agents of respiratory diseases.investigations on airborne fungi in a poultry house, a swinery, a feed preparing and storing house, a grain mill, a wooden panel producing factory, and organic waste recycling facilities have been carried out in lithuania. low concentrations of fungal spores were detected in the wooden panel producing factory, the swinery, the feed preparing and storing house, and the poultry house; moderate concentrations were found in the organic waste recycling facilities; high concentrations were revealed at ...200415236494
production of fungal alpha-amylase by saccharomyces kluyveri in glucose-limited cultivations.heterologous protein production by the yeast saccharomyces kluyveri was investigated under aerobic glucose-limited conditions. alpha-amylase from aspergillus oryzae was used as model protein and the gene was expressed from a s. cerevisiae 2 micro plasmid. for comparison, strains of both s. kluyveri and s. cerevisiae were transformed with the same plasmid, which led to secretion of active alpha-amylase in both cases. the s. cerevisiae 2 micro plasmid was found to be stable in s. kluyveri as evalu ...200415246667
secretion, purification, and characterization of a recombinant aspergillus oryzae tannase in pichia pastoris.tannase (tannin acyl hydrolase) is an industrially important enzyme produced by a large number of fungi, which hydrolyzes the ester and depside bonds of gallotannins and gallic acid esters. in the present work, a tannase from aspergillus oryzae has been cloned and expressed in pichia pastoris. the catalytic activity of the recombinant enzyme was assayed. a secretory form of enzyme was made with the aid of saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor, and a simple procedure purification protocol yielded ...200415249037
enzymatic synthesis of complex glycosaminotrioses and study of their molecular recognition by hevein domains.hevein, a protein found in hevea brasiliensis, has a crd domain, which is known to bind chitin and glcnac-containing oligosaccharides. by using nmr and molecular modeling as major tools we have demonstrated that trisaccharides containing galnac and mannac residues are also recognized by hevein domains. thus far unknown trisaccharides glcnacbeta(1-->4)glcnacbeta(1-->4)mannac (1) and galnacbeta(1-->4)glcnacbeta(1-->4)mannac (2) were synthesized with the use of beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase from aspe ...200415254625
combining induced mutation and protoplasting for strain improvement of aspergillus oryzae for kojic acid production.by combining induced mutation, using ntg and uv irradiation, and protoplasting of a wild type strain of aspergillus oryzae atcc 22788, a hyper-producing strain was obtained that accumulated 41 g kojic acid l(-1) in shake-flasks, which was 100-fold higher than that in the wild type strains. similar production of kojic acid was obtained in 5 l stirred-tank fermentations.200415266124
effects of protein transport inhibitors on the distribution and secretion of the fusion protein rnta-egfp in aspergillus oryzae.the distribution of the secreted protein ribonuclease t1 (rnta) fused with the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp), rnta-egfp, was visualized in hyphae of aspergillus oryzae in the presence of a protein transport inhibitor, brefeldin a, cytochalasin a, or nocodazole. during treatment with the protein transport inhibitors, the distribution of rnta-egfp changed and distinct patterns of fluorescence accumulation were observed. the addition of brefeldin a caused rnta-egfp fluorescence to appea ...200415277763
reversible and strong immobilization of proteins by ionic exchange on supports coated with sulfate-dextran.new and strong ionic exchange resins have been prepared by the simple and rapid ionic adsorption of anionic polymers (sulfate-dextran) on porous supports activated with the opposite ionic group (deae/manae). ionic exchange properties of such composites were strongly dependent on the size of the ionic polymers as well as on the conditions of the ionic coating of the solids with the ionic polymers (optimal conditions were 400 mg of sulfate-dextran 5000 kda per gram of support). around 80% of the p ...200415296440
disordered cell integrity signaling caused by disruption of the kexb gene in aspergillus oryzae.we isolated the kexb gene, which encodes a subtilisin-like processing enzyme, from a filamentous fungus, aspergillus oryzae. to examine the physiological role of kexb in a. oryzae, we constructed a kexb disruptant (deltakexb), which formed shrunken colonies with poor generation of conidia on czapek-dox (cd) agar plates and hyperbranched mycelia in cd liquid medium. the phenotypes of the deltakexb strain were restored under high osmolarity in both solid and liquid culture conditions. we found tha ...200415302836
siderophore production by a marine pseudomonas aeruginosa and its antagonistic action against phytopathogenic fungi.a marine isolate of fluorescent pseudomonas sp. having the ability to produce the pyoverdine type of siderophores under low iron stress (up to 10 microm iron in the succinate medium) was identified as pseudomonas aeruginosa by using biolog breathprint and siderotyping. pyoverdine production was optimum at 0.2% (w/v) succinate, ph 6.0, in an iron-deficient medium. studies carried out in vitro revealed that purified siderophores and pseudomonas culture have good antifungal activity against the pla ...200415304753
translation efficiency mediated by the 5' untranslated region greatly affects protein production in aspergillus oryzae.we demonstrate that the 5' untranslated region (5'utr) plays an important role in determining translation efficiency in aspergillus oryzae, using a model beta-glucuronidase (gus) expression system. alterations in the 5' utr resulted in an increase in gus activity of up to eight-fold, without affecting mrna levels. moreover, using the most effective 5'utr construct, we could achieve remarkable intracellular overproduction of gus protein; and the gus level reached more than 50% of the total solubl ...200415309336
hydrolytic polyketide shortening by ayg1p, a novel enzyme involved in fungal melanin biosynthesis.the pentaketide 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene (t4hn) is a key precursor of 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin, an important virulence factor in pathogenic fungi, where t4hn is believed to be the direct product of pentaketide synthases. we showed recently the involvement of a novel protein, ayg1p, in the formation of t4hn from the heptaketide precursor ywa1 in aspergillus fumigatus. to investigate the mechanism of its enzymatic function, ayg1p was purified from an aspergillus oryzae strain that o ...200415310761
role of h164 in a unique dye-decolorizing heme peroxidase dyp.the expression system of a unique dye-decolorizing peroxidase dyp in escherichia coli has been constructed. the molecular mass of the expressed dyp (edyp) is 47kda, indicating no any modification with saccharides. the characteristics of edyp were almost the same as those of native dyp from a fungus thanatephorus cucumeris dec 1 and recombinant dyp with aspergillus oryzae except thermostability. as h164 was suggested to be the proximal histidine based on the preliminary x-ray crystallographic ana ...200415313183
lipase production by recombinant strains of aspergillus niger expressing a lipase-encoding gene from thermomyces lanuginosus.two recombinant strains of aspergillus niger (nw 297-14 and nw297-24) producing a heterologous lipase from thermomyces lanuginosus were constructed. the heterologous lipase was expressed using the taka amylase promoter from aspergillus oryzae. the production kinetics of the two strains on different carbon sources in batch and carbon-limited chemostat cultivations were evaluated. in batch cultivations, the highest total product yield coefficient (y(xp total)), given as the sum of extracellular an ...200415316684
an appropriate increase in the transcription of aspergillus nidulans uvsc improved gene targeting efficiency.gene targeting to knock out the activity of specific genes has become important due to recent progress in genomics research. but this technique is still unavailable for many organisms, including economically important microorganisms, due to the high background of ectopic integration during genetic transformation. strategies to improve targeting efficiency have included manipulating the expression of genes that are involved in homologous recombination. in this study, transcription of aspergillus ...200415322347
construction of a xylan-fermenting yeast strain through codisplay of xylanolytic enzymes on the surface of xylose-utilizing saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.hemicellulose is one of the major forms of biomass in lignocellulose, and its essential component is xylan. we used a cell surface engineering system based on alpha-agglutinin to construct a saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain codisplaying two types of xylan-degrading enzymes, namely, xylanase ii (xynii) from trichoderma reesei qm9414 and beta-xylosidase (xyla) from aspergillus oryzae niad300, on the cell surface. in a high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, xylose was detected as the ...200415345427
evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants.this report represents the conclusions of a joint fao/who expert committee convened to evaluate the safety of various food additives, with a view to recommending acceptable daily intakes (adis) and to prepare specifications for the identity and purity of food additives. the first part of the report contains a general discussion of the principles governing the toxicological evaluation of food additives (including flavouring agents) and contaminants, assessments of intake, and the establishment an ...200415354533
release of short and proline-rich antihypertensive peptides from casein hydrolysate with an aspergillus oryzae protease.angiotensin-i converting enzyme inhibitory activities were measured after hydrolysis of casein by 9 different commercially available proteolytic enzymes. among these enzymes, a protease isolated from aspergillus oryzae showed the highest angiotensin-i converting enzyme inhibitory activity per peptide. the a. oryzae peptide also showed the highest antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats when the systolic blood pressure was measured 5 h after oral administration of 32 mg/kg of v ...200415377596
isolation of a novel promoter for efficient protein production in aspergillus oryzae.a novel protein overexpression system of aspergillus oryzae was constructed. five promoters which originate from a. oryzae expressed sequence tag (est) clones in submerged culture were obtained by genome walking. these were subjected to beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter assays. the promoter of manganese superoxide dismutase-encoding gene (sodm) showed the most gus production. the sodm gene was abundantly expressed in submerged culture but little expressed in solid-state culture. the sodm promote ...200415388959
mode of amyr binding to the cggn8agg sequence in the aspergillus oryzae taag2 promoter.amyr is a transcriptional activator in aspergillus spp. necessary for induction of the amylolytic enzyme genes. it recognizes 5'-cggn8cgg-3' conserved in a number of the amylolytic gene promoters, and in addition 5'-cggaaatttaa-3' in the a. oryzae alpha-amylase promoter. in this report, interaction of amyr with the 5'-cggaaatttaa-3' type binding site in the taka-amylase gene (taag2) promoter was precisely characterized by dnase i footprinting analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay in ...200415388966
characterization of aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract effects on the rumen fungus neocallimastix frontalis, eb 188. part 1. zoospore development and physiology.experiments were performed to determine the effect of aspergillus oryzae (ao) fermentation extract on zoospore development in the rumen fungus neocallimastix frontalis eb 188. powdered product, or liquid extract prepared from such powder, was added at the recommended value for supplementation in dairy cattle. stationary and stirred cultures were periodically sampled and assayed for extracellular and intracellular protein and enzymes, gas production, zoospore production and maturation, and carbon ...200412690417
characterization of aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract effects on the rumen fungus neocallimastix frontalis, eb 188. part 2. carbon source utilization and effects on zoospore production.the effect of a commercial aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on the utilization of carbon source and zoospore production by the rumen fungus neocallimastix frontalis eb 188 was determined. in addition, the composition of a soluble extract prepared from the commercial product was analyzed. this extract was added to n. frontalis eb 188 cultures grown on a variety of substrates and periodically assayed for protein, enzymes, zoospore production, and carbon source utilization. the powdered prod ...200412690418
synthesis of fimh receptor-active manno-oligosaccharides by reverse hydrolysis using alpha-mannosidases from penicillium citrinum, aspergillus phoenicis and almond.recombinant penicillium citrinum alpha-1,2-mannosidase, expressed in aspergillus oryzae, was employed to carry out regioselective synthesis of alpha- d-mannopyranosyl-(1-->2)- d-mannose. yields (w/w) of 16.68% disaccharide, 3.07% trisaccharide and 0.48% tetrasaccharide were obtained, with alpha1-->2 linkages present at 98.5% of the total linkages formed. non-specific alpha-mannosidase from almond was highly efficient in reverse hydrolysis and oligosaccharide yields of 45-50% were achieved. the p ...200412910329
selective induction, purification and characterization of a laccase isozyme from the basidiomycete trametes sp. ah28-2.the white-rot fungus trametes sp. ah28-2 can synthesize extracellular laccase by induction in cellobiose-based liquid culture medium. both yields and composition of laccase isozymes, produced by trametes sp. ah28-2, would be quite different with induction by different small-molecule aromatic compounds, o-toluidine, guaiacol and 3,5-dihydroxytoluene, which affected microbial growth and the synthesis of laccase isozymes differentially. higher concentrations of the three inducers could considerably ...200421148825
natural killer cell activity, lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine profile in tumor-bearing mice treated with mapa, a magnesium aggregated polymer from aspergillus oryzae.the present study examined the effects of mapa, an antitumor aggregated polymer of protein magnesium ammonium phospholinoleate-palmitoleate anhydride, isolated from aspergillus oryzae, on concanavalin a (con a)-induced spleen cell proliferation, cytokine production and on natural killer (nk) cell activity in ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing mice. the ehrlich ascites tumor (eat) growth led to diminished mitogen-induced expansion of spleen cell populations and total nk activity. this was accompanied ...200319180795
thermal stability of alpha-amylase from aspergillus oryzae entrapped in polyacrylamide gel.to determine the suitability as a time-temperature indicator for dielectric pasteurization processes, the thermal stability (50-75 degrees c) of aspergillus oryzae alpha-amylase immobilized in polyacrylamide gel in phosphate buffer, mashed potatoes, and minced shrimp was examined. changing the cross-linking agent concentration from 3.3 to 5.3% and adding 2% salt did not markedly affect the thermal stability of the immobilized alpha-amylase. thermal inactivation was first order, and immobilizatio ...200312926898
isofagomine lactams, synthesis and enzyme inhibition.the synthesis of isofagomine lactams (2-oxoisofagomines) corresponding to the biologically important hexoses is presented. the d-glucose/d-mannose analogue (3s,4r,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethylpiperidin-2-one (9) was synthesised in 9 steps from d-arabinose, the d-galactose analogue (3s,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethylpiperidin-2-one (10) was synthesised in 11 steps from d-arabinose and the l-fucose analogue (3r,4r,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methylpiperidin-2-one (11) was synthesised in 12 steps ...200312929423
preferential binding of two compatible solutes to the glycan moieties of peniophora lycii phytase.regulation of hydration behavior, and the concomitant effects on solubility and other properties, has been suggested as a main function of protein glycosylation. in this work, we have studied the hydration of the heavily glycosylated peniophora lycii phytase in solutions (0.15-1.1 m) of the two compatible solutes glycerol and sorbitol. osmometric measurements showed that glycerol preferentially binds to phytase (i.e., glycerol-glycoprotein interactions are more favorable than water-glycoprotein ...200312939159
telomeric repeat sequence of aspergillus oryzae consists of dodeca-nucleotides.four telomeres in the chromosomes of aspergillus oryzae nfri1599 were cloned and sequenced. the telomeric repeat sequence of a. oryzae consisted of dodeca-nucleotides: ttagggtcaaca. the length of the telomeric repeat tract was 114-136 bp, which corresponds to 9-11 repeats of the dodeca-nucleotide sequence. compared to a chromosome internal control (18s rdna), the telomeric sequences were found to be sensitive to bal31 exonuclease digestion, thus proving that the identified telomeric repeat seque ...200312698283
functional analysis of the calcineurin-encoding gene cnaa from aspergillus oryzae: evidence for its putative role in stress adaptation.the presence of putative stre (stress response regulatory element) and hsf (heat-shock factor) transcription factor binding sites in the promoter region of the gene encoding calcineurin ( cnaa) from aspergillus oryzae implicated a probable role for calcineurin in the stress response. the activity of calcineurin was enhanced during growth of the wild-type strain in the presence of 1 m nacl (2.6-fold), at alkaline ph 10.0 (2.9-fold) and at 37 degrees c (1.6-fold). the induction of cnaa antisense e ...200312709783
effect of deletion of chitin synthase genes on mycelial morphology and culture viscosity in aspergillus oryzae.the objective of this study was to quantify the effect of disrupting two chitin synthases, chsb and csma, on the morphology and rheology during batch cultivation of aspergillus oryzae. the rheological properties were characterized in batch cultivations at different biomass concentrations (from 3.4-22.5 g kg(-1) biomass) and the power-law model adequately described the rheological properties. in the cultivations there were pellets, clumps, and freely dispersed hyphal elements. the different morph ...200312514801
aorsin, a novel serine proteinase with trypsin-like specificity at acidic ph.a proteinase that hydrolyses clupeine and salmine at acidic ph, called aorsin, was found in the fungus aspergillus oryzae. purified aorsin also hydrolysed benzyloxycarbonyl-arg-arg-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide optimally at ph 4.0. the specificity of aorsin appeared to require a basic residue at the p(1) position and to prefer paired basic residues. aorsin activated plasminogen and converted trypsinogen to trypsin. the trypsin-like activity was inhibited strongly by antipain or leupeptin, but was not ...200312519073
dipeptidyl peptidase iv on activated t cells as a target molecule for therapy of rheumatoid arthritis.the extracellular domain of the t cell co-stimulatory molecule cd26 possesses dipeptidyl peptidase iv (dp iv) enzyme activity. activated t cells are known to increase expression of cell surface dp iv and some specific inhibitors of this enzyme have been reported to suppress t cell function. previously we have identified a dp iv inhibitor, designated tmc-2, found in culture supernatant of aspergillus oryzae. administration of tmc-2 to rats with adjuvant arthritis caused marked suppression of paw ...200312519388
change in maltose- and soluble starch-hydrolyzing activities of chimeric alpha-glucosidases of mucor javanicus and aspergillus oryzae.the chimeric alpha-glucosidases of mucor javanicus and aspergillus oryzae, which has high activity toward not only maltooligosaccharides but also soluble starch and has high activity toward maltooligosaccharides but faint activity toward soluble starch, respectively, were constructed by shuffling the c-terminal regions where low homology is observed between the two enzymes. the chimera genes were expressed in pichia pastoris to produce and secrete the enzymes that have predicted molecular masses ...200312535604
sequence comparison of aflr from different aspergillus species provides evidence for variability in regulation of aflatoxin production.aflatoxin contamination of foods and feeds is a world-wide agricultural problem. aflatoxin production requires expression of the biosynthetic pathway regulatory gene, aflr, which encodes a cys6zn2-type dna-binding protein. homologs of aflr from aspergillus nomius, bombycis, parasiticus, flavus, and pseudotamarii were compared to investigate the molecular basis for variation among aflatoxin-producing taxa in the regulation of aflatoxin production. variability was found in putative promoter consen ...200312553937
pulsed addition of limiting-carbon during aspergillus oryzae fermentation leads to improved productivity of a recombinant enzyme.fungal morphology in many filamentous fungal fermentations leads to high broth viscosity which limits oxygen mass transfer, and often results in reduced productivity. the objective in this study was to determine if a simple, fed-batch, process strategy-pulsed addition of limiting-carbon source-could be used to reduce fungal broth viscosity, and increase productivity of an industrially relevant recombinant enzyme (glucoamylase). as a control, three aspergillus oryzae fed-batch fermentations were ...200312569630
single-strand-specific nucleases.single-strand-specific nucleases are multifunctional enzymes and widespread in distribution. their ability to act selectively on single-stranded nucleic acids and single-stranded regions in double-stranded nucleic acids has led to their extensive application as probes for the structural determination of nucleic acids. intracellularly, they have been implicated in recombination, repair and replication, whereas extracellular enzymes have a role in nutrition. although more than 30 single-strand-spe ...200312586391
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