Publications

proactive spraying against boll weevils (coleoptera: curculionidae) reduces insecticide applications and increases cotton yield and economic return.	the current standard practice of two to three preemptive insecticide applications at the start of pinhead (1-2-mm-diameter) squaring followed by threshold-triggered (whenever 10% of randomly selected squares have oviposition punctures) insecticide applications for boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman, control does not provide a reliably positive impact on cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., yields in subtropical conditions. this study showed that four fewer spray applications in a "proacti ...	2005	16539122
validation of a cotton-specific gene, sad1, used as an endogenous reference gene in qualitative and real-time quantitative pcr detection of transgenic cottons.	genetically modified (gm) cotton lines have been approved for commercialization and widely cultivated in many countries, especially in china. as a step towards the development of reliable qualitative and quantitative pcr methods for detecting gm cottons, we report here the validation of the cotton (gossypium hirsutum) endogenous reference control gene, sad1, using conventional and real-time (rt)-pcr methods. both methods were tested on 15 different g. hirsutum cultivars, and identical amplicons ...	2005	15726375
transgenic cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) seedlings expressing a tobacco glutathione s-transferase fail to provide improved stress tolerance.	transgenic cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) lines expressing the tobacco glutathione s-transferase (gst) nt107 were evaluated for tolerance to chilling, salinity, and herbicides, antioxidant enzyme activity, antioxidant compound levels, and lipid peroxidation. although transgenic seedlings exhibited ten-fold and five-fold higher gst activity under normal and salt-stress conditions, respectively, germinating seedlings did not show improved tolerance to salinity, chilling conditions, or herbicides. ...	2005	15824906
antisense suppression of a (+)-delta-cadinene synthase gene in cotton prevents the induction of this defense response gene during bacterial blight infection but not its constitutive expression.	in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) the enzyme (+)-delta-cadinene synthase (cdns) catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of cadinane-type sesquiterpenes, such as gossypol, that provide constitutive and inducible protection against pests and diseases. a cotton cdna clone encoding cdns (cdn1-c4) was isolated from developing embryos and functionally characterized. southern analysis showed that cdns genes belong to a large multigene family, of which five genomic clones were studied, inclu ...	2005	15849309
molecular cloning and characterization of a cotton glucuronosyltranferase gene.	a glucuronosyltranferase gene has been isolated from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fiber cells using rapid amplification of the cdna ends. the full-length cdna, designated ghglcat1, is 1400 bp in length (ay346330) and contains an open reading frame of 1107 bp encoding a protein of 368 amino acids. alignment of the ghglcat1 predicted amino acid sequence was shown to have high sequence similarity with animal glucuronosyltranferases. a phylogenic tree generated by the phylip program package showed th ...	2005	15940874
evaluation of transgenic cotton varieties and a glyphosate application on seedling disease incidence.	a study was conducted to determine whether stand densities of transgenic cotton (gossypium hirsutum) varieties, with or without glyphosate, were similar to conventional varieties of the same lineage group in georgia and mississippi. transgenic and conventional cotton varieties were placed into five lineage groups of related varieties and seedling disease was evaluated in three greenhouse tests and a field trial using rhizoctonia solani ag-4. seed vigor was determined by standard germination stud ...	2005	15973787
functional characterization of gossypium hirsutum profilin 1 gene (ghpfn1) in tobacco suspension cells. characterization of in vivo functions of a cotton profilin gene.	cotton fiber is an extremely long plant cell. fiber elongation is a complex process and the genes that are crucial for elongation are largely unknown. we previously cloned a cdna encoding an isoform of cotton profilin and found that the gene (designated ghpfn1) was preferentially expressed in cotton fibers. in the present study, we have further analyzed the expression pattern of ghpfn1 during fiber development and studied its cellular function using tobacco suspension cells as an experimental sy ...	2005	16001260
size-dependent feeding and reproduction by boll weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae).	the considerable variation in adult size of the boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman, has been well documented, but the influences of adult size on reproductive rate are not known. we examined the relationship between the size of boll weevils and their feeding and oviposition. weevils weighed to the nearest milligram were grouped into five categories based on pupal weight: < or =5, 6-10, 11-15, 16-20, and >20 mg. numbers of lifetime punctures produced in flower buds (squares) of cotto ...	2005	16022302
effects of planting dates on boll weevils (coleoptera: curculionidae) and cotton fruit in the subtropics.	the effects of planting dates 2-3-wk apart on boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman (coleoptera: curculionidae), field-level populations, and feeding and oviposition damage to cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., squares and bolls, were studied during 2002 and 2003 in the lower rio grande valley of texas. squares were 44-56% more abundant in some later planted treatments than in the earlier planted treatments, but mean cumulative numbers of oviposition- and feeding-damaged squares were 2.7 - ...	2005	16022308
ghhb1: a nonsymbiotic hemoglobin gene of cotton responsive to infection by verticillium dahliae.	verticillium wilt of cotton is a widespread and destructive disease that is caused by the fungus pathogen verticillium dahliae. although no cotton cultivar is immune to the disease, some genotypes exhibit superior wilt tolerance. to gain an insight into the molecular mechanisms responsible for wilt tolerance, we employed the method of suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) to isolate genes whose expression is up-regulated after inoculation of the pathogen in a wilt-tolerant cotton cultivar ...	2005	16084605
measuring gene flow in the cultivation of transgenic cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).	transgenic bt cotton newcott 33b and transgenic tfd a cotton tfd were chosen to evaluate pollen dispersal frequency and distance of transgenic cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) in the huanghe valley cotton-producing zone, china. the objective was to evaluate the efficacy of biosafety procedures used to reduce pollen movement. a field test plot of transgenic cotton (6 x 6 m) was planted in the middle of a nontransgenic field measuring 210 x 210 m. the results indicated that the pollen of bt cotton o ...	2005	16118411
characterization of a cdna encoding metallothionein 3 from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).	a cdna encoding metallothionein (mt) was isolated from a library constructed with poly a(+) rna purified from 48 h etiolated cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) cotyledons. this cdna encodes a deduced protein with 63 residues and a molecular weight of 6.3 kda. the protein has 10 cysteines of which 4 are within the cxxcxcxxxxxc amino-terminus motif and six are within the cxcxxxcxcxxcxc carboxyl-terminus motif characteristic of the type iii mt (mt3). the cotton mt3 protein sequence is 76.2, 69.8, 66.7, ...	2005	16147860
cotton honeydew (gossypium hirsutum l.) extract offers very interesting properties for hair cosmetics and care products.	cotton honeydew extract is composed of a unique combination of oligosaccharides, including fructose, glucose, inositol, melezitose, saccharose, trehalose and trehalulose. studies have shown that these oligosaccharides exhibit a protective effect. therefore, we were interested in studying the effect of these oligosaccharides on normal and damaged human hair. both clinical and scanning electron microscopy (sem) studies were performed. standardized human hair samples were used to determine the effe ...	2005	16223202
disease resistance conferred by the expression of a gene encoding a synthetic peptide in transgenic cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plants.	fertile, transgenic cotton plants expressing the synthetic antimicrobial peptide, d4e1, were produced through agrobacterium-mediated transformation. pcr products and southern blots confirmed integration of the d4e1 gene, while rt-pcr of cotton rna confirmed the presence of d4e1 transcripts. in vitro assays with crude leaf protein extracts from t0 and t1 plants confirmed that d4e1 was expressed at sufficient levels to inhibit the growth of fusarium verticillioides and verticillium dahliae compare ...	2005	17147626
isolation, selection, and efficacy of pochonia chlamydosporia for control of rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton.	abstract the reniform nematode, rotylenchulus reniformis, is a serious threat to cotton (gossypium hirsutum) production in the united states, causing an annual loss of about $80 million. the objective of this study was to isolate fungi from eggs of r. reniformis and select potential biocontrol agents for r. reniformis on cotton. we focused on the fungus pochonia chlamydosporia because it suppresses root-knot and cyst nematodes and because preliminary data indicated that it was present in arkansa ...	2005	18944410
histological changes in gossypium hirsutum associated with reduced reproduction of rotylenchulus reniformis.	the reniform nematode (rotylenchulus reniformis) is an important parasite of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum). parasitism involves the formation of syncytia to provide nutrition for the female. events that occur at the feeding site may determine the degree of susceptibility of cotton plants to reniform nematode. the objective of this work was to describe histological modifications associated with reduced reproduction of rotylenchulus reniformis in upland cotton roots. 'deltapine 50' cotton and ...	2005	19262859
reproduction of belonolaimus longicaudatus, meloidogyne javanica, paratrichodorus minor, and pratylenchus brachyurus on pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum).	pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum) has potential as a grain crop for dryland crop production in the southeastern united states. whether or not pearl millet will be compatible in rotation with cotton (gossypium hirsutum), corn (zea mays), and peanut (arachis hypogaea) will depend, in part, on its host status for important plant-parasitic nematodes of these crops. the pearl millet hybrid 'tifgrain 102' is resistant to both meloidogyne incognita race 3 and m. arenaria race 1; however, its host statu ...	2005	19262863
vertical distribution of rotylenchulus reniformis in cotton fields.	the possible impact of rotylenchulus reniformis below plow depth was evaluated by measuring the vertical distribution of r. reniformis and soil texture in 20 symptomatic fields on 17 farms across six states. the mean nematode population density per field, 0 to 122 cm deep, ranged from 0.4 to 63 nematodes/g soil, and in 15 fields more than half of the r. reniformis present were below 30.5 cm, which is the greatest depth usually plowed by farmers or sampled by consultants. in 11 fields measured, r ...	2005	19262871
rotylenchulus reniformis below plow depth suppresses cotton yield and root growth.	damage to cotton by rotylenchulus reniformis below plow depth was evaluated in a sandy clay loam soil at weslaco, texas. in december 1999, 14 holes on 51-cm centers were dug 91 cm deep along the planting bed and adjacent furrow and 2 ml of 1,3-dichloropropene was placed 91, 61, and 30 cm deep as each hole was refilled and packed. this technique eliminated 96%, 81%, and 74% of r. reniformis down to 107 cm at distances 0, 25, and 51 cm laterally from the point of application (p </= 0.05), whereas ...	2005	19262875
histological observations of rotylenchulus reniformis on gossypium longicalyx and interspecific cotton hybrids.	observations on the development of reniform nematode (rotylenchulus reniformis) on roots of gossypium longicalyx, g. hirsutum, and two interspecific hybrids derived from them were made by light microscopy. gossypium longicalyx is reported to be immune to reniform nematode, but the mechanism(s) for resistance are unknown. penetration of g. longicalyx roots by female nematodes was confirmed, and incipient swelling of the females, indicating initiation of maturation of the reproductive system, was ...	2005	19262889
the cotton actin1 gene is functionally expressed in fibers and participates in fiber elongation.	single-celled cotton fiber (gossypium hirsutum) provides a unique experimental system to study cell elongation. to investigate the role of the actin cytoskeleton during fiber development, 15 g. hirsutum actin (ghact) cdna clones were characterized. rna gel blot and real-time rt-pcr analysis revealed that ghact genes are differentially expressed in different tissues and can be classified into four groups. one group, represented by ghact1, is expressed predominantly in fiber cells and was studied ...	2005	15722467
resistance gene analogue markers are mapped to homeologous chromosomes in cultivated tetraploid cotton.	degenerate primers designed from conserved motifs of known plant resistance gene products were used to amplify genomic dna sequences from the root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) resistance genetic source, upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum) cultivar auburn 634 rnr. a total of 165 clones were isolated, and sequence analysis revealed 57 of the clones to be novel nucleotide sequences, many containing the resistance (r)-protein nucleotide-binding site motif. a cluster analysis was performed wi ...	2005	15726317
an internal motor kinesin is associated with the golgi apparatus and plays a role in trichome morphogenesis in arabidopsis.	members of the kinesin superfamily are microtubule-based motor proteins that transport molecules/organelles along microtubules. we have identified similar internal motor kinesins, kinesin-13a, from the cotton gossypium hirsutum and arabidopsis thaliana. their motor domains share high degree of similarity with those of internal motor kinesins of animals and protists in the mcak/kinesin13 subfamily. however, no significant sequence similarities were detected in sequences outside the motor domain. ...	2005	15574882
structural determinants for plant annexin-membrane interactions.	the interactions of two plant annexins, annexin 24(ca32) from capsicum annuum and annexin gh1 from gossypium hirsutum, with phospholipid membranes have been characterized using liposome-based assays and adsorption to monolayers. these two plant annexins show a preference for phosphatidylserine-containing membranes and display a membrane binding behavior with a half-maximum calcium concentration in the sub-millimolar range. surprisingly, the two plant annexins also display calcium-independent mem ...	2005	16331990
genetic mapping of new cotton fiber loci using est-derived microsatellites in an interspecific recombinant inbred line cotton population.	there is an immediate need for a high-density genetic map of cotton anchored with fiber genes to facilitate marker-assisted selection (mas) for improved fiber traits. with this goal in mind, genetic mapping with a new set of microsatellite markers [comprising both simple (ssr) and complex (csr) sequence repeat markers] was performed on 183 recombinant inbred lines (rils) developed from the progeny of the interspecific cross gossypium hirsutum l. cv. tm1 x gossypium barbadense l. pima 3-79. micro ...	2005	16187061
cleaved aflp (caflp), a modified amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis for cotton.	in certain plant species including cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. or gossypium barbadense l.), the level of amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) is relatively low, limiting its utilization in the development of genome-wide linkage maps. we propose the use of frequent restriction enzymes in combination with aflp to cleave the aflp fragments, called cleaved aflp analysis (caflp). using four upland cotton genotypes (g. hirsutum) and three pima cotton (g. barbadense), we demonstrated that ca ...	2005	16133304
a comparison of genetic maps constructed from haploid and bc1 mapping populations from the same crossing between gossypium hirsutum l. and gossypium barbadense l.	simple sequence repeat (ssr) genetic maps have been separately constructed based on doubled haploid (dh) and (or) haploid and bc1 populations from the same cross between gossypium hirsutum l. 'tm-1' and gossypium barbadense l. 'hai7124'. the bc1 population was produced by pollinating individual plants of the 'tm-1' x 'hai7124' f1 with 'tm-1', whereas the dh and (or) haploid population developed from the offspring of vsg x ('tm-1' x 'hai7124'). vsg is a virescently marked semigamy line of gossypi ...	2005	16121235
occurrence of (+)- and (-)-gossypol in wild species of cotton and in gossypium hirsutum var. marie-galante (watt) hutchinson.	gossypol occurs as a mixture of enantiomers in cottonseed. these enantiomers exhibit different biological activities. the (-)-enantiomer is toxic to animals, but it has potential medicinal uses. therefore, cottonseed with >95% (-)-gossypol could have biopharmaceutical applications. the (+)-enantiomer shows little, if any, toxicity to nonruminant animals. thus, cottonseed with >95% (+)-gossypol could be more readily utilized as a feed for nonruminants. the (+)- to (-)-gossypol ratio in commercial ...	2005	16076104
molecular dissection of phenotypic variation between gossypium hirsutum and gossypium barbadense (cotton) by a backcross-self approach: iii. fiber length.	a backcross-self population from a cross between gossypium hirsutum and g. barbadense was used to dissect the molecular basis of genetic variation governing 15 parameters that reflect fiber length. applying a detailed restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) map to 3,662 bc(3)f(2) plants from 24 independently derived bc(3) families, we detected 28, nine, and eight quantitative trait loci (qtls) for fiber length, length uniformity, and short fiber content, respectively. for eight, six, and ...	2005	15983757
molecular dissection of interspecific variation between gossypium hirsutum and gossypium barbadense (cotton) by a backcross-self approach: i. fiber elongation.	the current study is the first installment of an effort to explore the secondary gene pool for the enhancement of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) germplasm. we developed advanced-generation backcross populations by first crossing g. hirsutum cv. tamcot 2111 and g. barbadense cv. pima s6, then independently backcrossing f(1) plants to the g. hirsutum parent for three cycles. genome-wide mapping revealed introgressed alleles at an average of 7.3% of loci in each bc(3)f(1) plant, collectively ...	2005	15983756
genetic diversity and geographic pattern in early south american cotton domestication.	amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting was applied to survey the genetic diversity of primitive south american gossypium barbadense cotton for establishing a possible link to its pre-columbian expansion. new germplasm was collected along coastal peru and over an andean transect in areas where most of the archaeological evidence relating to cotton domestication has been recorded. gene bank material of three diploid (g. raimondii, g. arboreum, and g. herbaceum) and four allotetraplo ...	2005	15580473
genotypic and developmental evidence for the role of plasmodesmatal regulation in cotton fiber elongation mediated by callose turnover.	cotton fibers are single-celled hairs that elongate to several centimeters long from the seed coat epidermis of the tetraploid species (gossypium hirsutum and gossypium barbadense). thus, cotton fiber is a unique system to study the mechanisms of rapid cell expansion. previous work has shown a transient closure of plasmodesmata during fiber elongation (y.-l. ruan, d.j. llewellyn, r.t. furbank [2001] plant cell 13: 47-60). to examine the importance of this closure in fiber elongation, we compared ...	2004	15557097
genetic mapping and qtl analysis of fiber-related traits in cotton ( gossypium).	cotton, the leading natural fiber crop, is largely produced by two primary cultivated allotetraploid species known as upland or american cotton ( gossypium hirsutum l.) and pima or egyptian cotton ( g. barbadense l.). the allotetraploid species diverged from each other and from their diploid progenitors (a or d genome) through selection and domestication after polyploidization. to analyze cotton ad genomes and dissect agronomic traits, we have developed a genetic map in an f2 population derived ...	2004	14513220
low salt petroleum produced water reuse: a farming alternative outside the food chain.	oil and gas production gives rise to water production depending on the state of maturation of the field. this means large volumes of water available. today, this water is partly re-injected into the reservoir. totalfinaelf's sustainable contribution to preserve water resources is to propose an alternative utilization: the reuse of produced waters from petroleum activities, outside the food chain. the aim of the first part of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing low-salt wate ...	2004	15344784
widespread paleopolyploidy in model plant species inferred from age distributions of duplicate genes.	it is often anticipated that many of today's diploid plant species are in fact paleopolyploids. given that an ancient large-scale duplication will result in an excess of relatively old duplicated genes with similar ages, we analyzed the timing of duplication of pairs of paralogous genes in 14 model plant species. using est contigs (unigenes), we identified pairs of paralogous genes in each species and used the level of synonymous nucleotide substitution to estimate the relative ages of gene dupl ...	2004	15208399
comparative proteomics of cannabis sativa plant tissues.	comparative proteomics of leaves, flowers, and glands of cannabis sativa have been used to identify specific tissue-expressed proteins. these tissues have significantly different levels of cannabinoids. cannabinoids accumulate primarily in the glands but can also be found in flowers and leaves. proteins extracted from glands, flowers, and leaves were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. over 800 protein spots were reproducibly resolved in the two-dimensional gels from leaves and ...	2004	15190082
characterization of ghrac1 gtpase expressed in developing cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fibers.	cytoskeleton assembly plays an important role in determining cotton fiber cell length and morphology and is developmentally regulated. as in other plant cells, it is not clear how cytoskeletal assembly in fibers is regulated. recently, several rac/rop gtpases in arabidopsis were shown to regulate isotropic and polar cell growth of root hairs and pollen tubes by controlling assembly of the cytoskeleton. ghrac1, isolated from cottonseeds, is a member of the rac/rop gtpase family and is abundantly ...	2004	15358513
dexamethasone-inducible green fluorescent protein gene expression in transgenic plant cells.	genomic research has made a large number of sequences of novel genes or expressed sequence tags available. to investigate functions of these genes, a system for conditional control of gene expression would be a useful tool. inducible transgene expression that uses green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) as a reporter gene has been investigated in transgenic cell lines of cotton (cot; gossypium hirsutum l.), fraser fir [fra; abies fraseri (pursh) poir], nordmann fir (nor; abies nordmanniana lk.), an ...	2004	15629039
interaction of rotylenchulus reniformis with seedling disease pathogens of cotton.	the impact of 10 fusarium species in concomitant association with rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton seedling disease was examined under greenhouse conditions. in experiment 1, fungal treatments consisted of fusarium chlamydosporum, f. equiseti, f. lateritium, f. moniliforme, f. oxysporum, f. oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum, f. proliferatum, f. semitectum, f. solani, and f. sporotrichioides; rhizoctonia solani; and thielaviopsis basicola. the experimental design was a 2 x 14 factorial consisting of ...	2004	19262802
suppression of rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton by the nematophagous fungus arf.	the reniform nematode, rotylenchulus reniformis linford &oliveira, has become a serious threat to cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) production in the united states during the past decade. the objective of this study is to isolate fungi from eggs of r. reniformis and select potential biological control agents for r. reniformis on cotton. soil samples were collected from cotton fields located in jefferson county, arkansas. eight genera of fungi were included in the 128 fungal isolates obtained, and a ...	2004	19262806
influence of poultry litter applications on nematode communities in cotton agroecosystems.	the effects of the application of poultry litter at 0.0, 6.7, 13.4, and 20.1 tons/ha on population changes during the growing season on nematode communities were evaluated in two cotton production fields in north carolina. numbers of bactivorous nematodes increased at midseason in response to the rate at which litter was applied but decreased with increasing litter application rates at cotton harvest. numbers of fungivores at cotton harvest were related positively to the rate of litter applied, ...	2004	19262834
effects of potassium humate solution and soaking periods on germination characteristics of undelinted cotton seeds (gossypium hirsutum l.).	the present study was conducted to determine the effects of soaking in potassium humate (ph) solution (55% humic acid, 30% fulvic acid and 8% potassium hydroxide) and distilled water (dw) for different periods (0, 4, 8 and 16 hours) on germination characteristics of undelinted seeds of cotton cv ersan-92. radicle, hypocotyl and seedling length, radicle and hypocotyl elongation rate and vigor index increased by ph solution treatment and increasing soaking periods. the medium x soaking period inte ...	2004	15907066
improvement of cotton fiber quality by transforming the acsa and acsb genes into gossypium hirsutum l. by means of vacuum infiltration.	a novel method for the genetic transformation of cotton pollen by means of vacuum infiltration and agrobacterium-mediated transformation is reported. the acsa and acsb genes, which are involved in cellulose synthesis in acetobacter xylinum, were transferred into pollen grains of brown cotton with the aim of improving its fiber quality by incorporating useful prokaryotic features into the colored cotton plants. transformation was carried out in cotton pollen-germinating medium, and transformation ...	2004	14740167
relationship between the heat tolerance of photosynthesis and the thermal stability of rubisco activase in plants from contrasting thermal environments.	inhibition of net photosynthesis (pn) by moderate heat stress has been attributed to an inability of rubisco activase to maintain rubisco in an active form. to examine this proposal, the temperature response of pn, rubisco activation, chlorophyll fluorescence, and the activities of rubisco and rubisco activase were examined in species from contrasting environments. the temperature optimum of rubisco activation was 10 degrees c higher in the creosote bush (larrea tridentata) compared with the ant ...	2004	15084731
boll injury and yield losses in cotton associated with brown stink bug (heteroptera: pentatomidae) during flowering.	brown stink bug, euschistus servus (say), was infested on cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., plants during reproductive stages to determine the effects on boll injury and seedcotton yield. during each week in 2002 and 2003, significantly more bolls with > or = 1 injured locule, bolls with > or = 2 injured locules, and bolls with discolored lint were recorded on stink bug-infested plants compared with that on noninfested plants. significantly fewer bolls displayed external injury on the boll exocarp ...	2004	15666747
a simple and rapid agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol for cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.): embryogenic calli as a source to generate large numbers of transgenic plants.	a protocol is presented for efficient transformation and regeneration of cotton. embryogenic calli co-cultivated with agrobacterium carrying cry1ia5 gene were cultured under dehydration stress and antibiotic selection for 3-6 weeks to generate several transgenic embryos. an average of 75 globular embryo clusters were observed on selection plates and these embryos were cultured on multiplication medium followed by development of cotyledonary embryos on embryo maturation medium to obtain an averag ...	2004	13680138
effects of burial and soil condition on postharvest mortality of boll weevils (coleoptera: curculionidae) in fallen cotton fruit.	effects of soil condition and burial on boll weevil, anthonomus grandis grandis boheman, mortality in fallen cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., fruit were assessed in this study. during hot weather immediately after summer harvest operations in the lower rio grande valley of texas, burial of infested fruit in conventionally tilled field plots permitted significantly greater survival of weevils than in no-tillage plots. burial of infested squares protected developing weevils from heat and desiccation ...	2004	15154462
the cotton ghnhx1 gene encoding a novel putative tonoplast na(+)/h(+) antiporter plays an important role in salt stress.	a cdna clone was isolated from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) cdna library and characterized with regard to its sequence, regulation in response to salt stress and functions in yeast mutants and transgenic tobacco plants. the clone, designated as ghnhx1, contains 2485 nucleotides with an open reading frame of 1629 nucleotides, and the deduced amino acid sequence showed high identities with other plant vacuolar-type na(+)/h(+) antiporters. northern blot analysis indicated that the mrna accumulation ...	2004	15169942
identification and quantification of gossypol in cotton by using packed micro-tips columns in combination with hplc.	self-packed micro-tip columns containing a c18-bonded silica stationary phase, based on the same principles as solid-phase extraction methods, were used to obtain gossypol and related sesquiterpenoid aldehyde-enriched fractions. the enriched metabolite fractions were then analyzed by optimized high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with a c18 column (4.6 mm x 25 cm) eluted with the binary mobile phase acetonitrile-0.1% aqueous tfa solution (80:20). this method has proven to be highly repr ...	2004	15372136
influence of cover crops on insect pests and predators in conservation tillage cotton.	in fall 2000, an on-farm sustainable agricultural research project was established for cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in tift county, georgia. the objective of our 2-yr research project was to determine the impact of several cover crops on pest and predator insects in cotton. the five cover crop treatments included 1) cereal rye, secale cereale l., a standard grass cover crop; 2) crimson clover, trifolium incarnatum l., a standard legume cover crop; 3) a legume mixture of balansa clover, trifoli ...	2004	15384330
bollgard ii cotton: compositional analysis and feeding studies of cottonseed from insect-protected cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) producing the cry1ac and cry2ab2 proteins.	bollgard ii cotton event 15985 producing the cry1ac and cry2ab2 proteins has been developed by genetic modification to broaden the spectrum of insects to which the plant is tolerant and to provide an insect resistance management tool to impede the onset of resistance. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the composition and nutrition of bollgard ii cotton, relative to the use for food and animal feed, compared to that of conventional cotton varieties. compositional analyses were conducted t ...	2004	15537305
[cloning of a mads box protein gene (ghmads1) from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.)].	as a kind of transcription factors, mads-box protein plays an important role in various cellular processes, especially in the development of floral organs. based on the contig analysis of the cotton ests, the coding region of a cotton mads-box protein (ghmads1) was obtained by rt-pcr from floral buds of cotton (g. hirsutum). the cloned fragment of 713 bp (ghmads1, genbank accession no. af538965) contains an open reading frame of 711 bp,coding a polypeptide of 236 amino acids. it was demonstrated ...	2004	15552050
comparative production of helicoverpa zea (lepidoptera: noctuidae) from transgenic cotton expressing either one or two bacillus thuringiensis proteins with and without insecticide oversprays.	transgenic cotton, gossypium hirsutum (l.), expressing either one or two bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki berliner (bt) proteins was compared with the conventional sister line in field experiments with regard to production of bollworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie), and bolls damaged by bollworm. the relative numbers of bollworms that developed on bollgard (monsanto co., st. louis, mo), bollgard ii (monsanto co.), and conventional cotton were estimated under nontreated conditions in 2000 and both ...	2004	15568364
relative concentration of cry1a in maize leaves and cotton bolls with diverse chlorophyll content and corresponding larval development of fall armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and southwestern corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) on maize whorl leaf profiles.	to manage insect resistance to transgenic crops that express insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) berliner, the u.s. environmental protection agency recommends a refuge-based insect resistance management strategy where a percentage of non-bt (refuge) crop is grown in proximity to a bt-expressing crop. an important requirement for this strategy is that the toxin exists at a high effective dose for control of the target pest(s), so that heterozygous individuals in the population ...	2004	15568367
[glyphosate-resistant cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) transformed with aroam12 gene via agrobacterium tumefaciens].	a mutant, aroam12, exhibiting resistance to glyphosate produced in a previous study using the staggered extension process with aroa genes from salmonella typhimurium and eschrichia coli. in this paper, we constructed a vector pgra1300 carrying aroam12 gene, comprising transit peptide of arabidopsis epsps, under the control of the camv35s promoter and used as selectable marker for cotton plant (gossypium hirsutum l.) transformation. transgenic cottons with increased resistance to glyphosate were ...	2004	15599043
post-transcriptional gene silencing induced by short interfering rnas in cultured transgenic plant cells.	short interfering rna (sirna) is widely used for studying post-transcriptional gene silencing and holds great promise as a tool for both identifying function of novel genes and validating drug targets. two sirna fragments (sirna-a and -b), which were designed against different specific areas of coding region of the same target green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene, were used to silence gfp expression in cultured gfp transgenic cells of rice (oryza sativa l.; os), cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.; gh ...	2004	15629049
msma resistance studies.	monosodium methanearsonate (msma)-resistant and -susceptible common cocklebur (xanthium strumarium l.) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) were treated with msma. plant parameters analyzed were: glutathione synthetase activity, selected amino acid (arginine, glutamic acid, alanine, citrulline, glutamine, and glutathione) content and arsenic content (msma, total arsenic, and arsonate). no reduction of arsenic from the parent pentavalent form present in msma to the trivalent form was detected. argi ...	2004	15473645
cloning and expression analysis of carboxyl-terminal protease cdna from gossypium hirsutum l.	a full-length cotton cdna,designated ghctp, was isolated from gossypium hirsutum l. by the pcr-based cdna library screening. the cdna encodes a polypeptide of 473-amino acid residues. sequence alignment showed that ghctp was highly homologous to a family of carboxyl-terminal proteases (ctp) from other species. ghctp is a potential transmembrane protease, and comprises a conserved domain numbered duf239 at its carboxyl-terminal and an arginine-rich region at the amino-terminal, respectively. furt ...	2004	15473308
molecular cloning and characterization of ghlecrk, a novel kinase gene with lectin-like domain from gossypium hirsutum.	a novel gene encoding a lectin-like protein kinase was cloned from the upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum) through cdna library screening. this gene (named as ghlecrk; genbank accession number: ay487461) had a total length of 2233bp with an open reading frame of 1926bp, and encoded a predicted polypeptide of 641 amino acids with a molecular weight of 71.16kda. the ghlecrk protein shared 73, 65, 64 and 59% identity with other lectin-like kinase proteins isolated from a. thaliana (at3g53810, at2g37 ...	2004	15354356
an optimized gossypol high-performance liquid chromatography assay and its application in evaluation of different gland genotypes of cotton.	a comparative study on gossypol content of various genetic types of pigment glands of cotton varieties was conducted through an optimized high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) on a c18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm particle) with methanol-0.5% acetic acid aqueous solution, 90 : 10 (v/v), as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min and uv detection at 254 nm. the method was shown to be highly reproducible, with precision [as relative standard deviation (rsd)] and accuracy [as relati ...	2004	15286405
members of a new group of chitinase-like genes are expressed preferentially in cotton cells with secondary walls.	two homologous cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) genes, ghctl1 and ghctl2, encode members of a new group of chitinase-like proteins (called the ghctl group) that includes other proteins from two cotton species, arabidopsis, rice, and pea. members of the ghctl group are assigned to family gh19 glycoside hydrolases along with numerous authentic chitinases (http://afmb.cnrs-mrs.fr/cazy/index.html), but the proteins have novel consensus sequences in two regions that are essential for chitinase activity ...	2004	15284492
wide-cross whole-genome radiation hybrid mapping of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).	we report the development and characterization of a "wide-cross whole-genome radiation hybrid" (wwrh) panel from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). chromosomes were segmented by gamma-irradiation of g. hirsutum (n = 26) pollen, and segmented chromosomes were rescued after in vivo fertilization of g. barbadense egg cells (n = 26). a 5-krad gamma-ray wwrh mapping panel (n = 93) was constructed and genotyped at 102 ssr loci. ssr marker retention frequencies were higher than those for animal systems an ...	2004	15280245
injury to preflowering and flowering cotton by brown stink bug and southern green stink bug.	the impact of brown stink bug, euschistus servus (say), and southern green stink bug, nezara viridula (l.), injury was evaluated on preflowering and flowering cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., plants in no-choice tests. vegetative stage cotton seedlings and reproductive structures, including flower buds (square) and bolls, were infested with adults and/or nymphs of both species. there were no significant differences in height, height to node ratio, square retention, and flower initiation for cotton ...	2004	15279273
evaluation of haemoglobin (erythrogen): for improved somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. svpr 2).	somatic embryogenesis in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) is accelerated when the plant regeneration medium is supplemented with haemoglobin (erythrogen). in cotton svpr 2 lines, a higher frequency of embryoid formation was observed when the medium contained 400 mg/l haemoglobin. fresh weight of the callus, rate of embryoid induction, number of embryoids formed and the percentage of plant regeneration from somatic embryos were increased. among the two different cultivars tested, mcu 11 showed no r ...	2004	15278417
incongruent patterns of local and global genome size evolution in cotton.	genome sizes in plants vary over several orders of magnitude, reflecting a combination of differentially acting local and global forces such as biases in indel accumulation and transposable element proliferation or removal. to gain insight into the relative role of these and other forces, approximately 105 kb of contiguous sequence surrounding the cellulose synthase gene cesa1 was compared for the two coresident genomes (at and dt) of the allopolyploid cotton species, gossypium hirsutum. these t ...	2004	15256507
terpenoid aldehyde formation and lysigenous gland storage sites in cotton: variant with mature glands but suppressed levels of terpenoid aldehydes.	a new cotton variant with reduced levels of terpenoid aldehydes (sesquiterpenoids and sesterterpenoids (heliocides)) was isolated from the progeny of hemizygous cotton (gossypium hirsutum cv. coker 312) transformed with antisense (+)-delta-cadinene synthase cdna. southern analysis of leaf dna digested with hindiii, pst or kpni restriction endonucleases did not detect any antisense cdn1-c1 dna in the genome of the variant. the gossypol content in the seed of the variant was markedly lower than in ...	2004	15231408
leaf and canopy photosynthetic characteristics of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) under elevated co2 concentration and uv-b radiation.	increases in both atmospheric co2 concentration ([co2]) and ultraviolet-b (uv-b) radiation on the earth's surface are features of current climate change patterns. an experiment was conducted in sunlit, controlled environment chambers known as soil-plant-atmosphere-research (spar) units to determine interactive effects of elevated [co2] and uv-b radiation on leaf and canopy photosynthetic characteristics of cotton. six treatments were comprised of two co2 levels of 360 (ambient) and 720 (elevated ...	2004	15202715
characterization of the brassinosteroid insensitive 1 genes of cotton.	suppression of brassinosteroid (br) biosynthesis in cotton ovules by treatment with brassinazole inhibits fiber formation, indicating that br plays an important role in cotton fiber development. plant responses to brassinosteroids (br) are mediated through a plasma membrane-bound leucine-rich repeat (lrr) receptor-like protein kinase known as bri1. mutations in the bri1 genes of several species result in dwarfed plants with reduced sensitivity to br. a single expressed sequence tag (est) from co ...	2004	15159624
recovery of leaf area through accelerated shoot ontogeny in thrips-damaged cotton seedlings.	leaf area of cotton seedlings (gossypium hirsutum) can be reduced by as much as 50 % by early season thrips infestations, but it is well documented that plants can regain the difference in leaf area once infestation ceases. the processes involved in the recovery have not been identified. hypotheses include enhancement of the photosynthetic rate of the damaged leaves, more efficient leaf construction (i.e. more leaf area per unit of dry matter invested in new leaves), and more branching.	2004	15155380
effects of nematicides on cotton root mycobiota.	baseline information on the diversity and population densities of fungi collected from soil debris and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) roots was determined. samples were collected from tifton, ga, and starkville, ms containing cotton field soil treated with the nematicides 1,3-dichloroproprene (fumigant) and aldicarb (granules). a total of 10,550 and 13,450 fungal isolates were collected from these two study sites, respectively. of this total, 34 genera of plant pathogenic or saprophytic species ...	2004	15119856
production and characterization of somatic hybrids between upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum) and wild cotton (g. klotzschianum anderss) via electrofusion.	symmetric somatic hybrid plants between gossypium hirsutum coker 201 and g. klotzschianum were obtained through electrofusion. the fusion products were cultured in km8p medium supplemented with 2.685 microm alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.465 microm kinetin, and the regenerated plants were morphologically, genetically, and cytologically characterized. nuclear-dna flow cytometric analysis revealed that the plants tested (31 of 40) had a relative dna content close to the total dna contents of t ...	2004	15114473
evaluation of transgenic cotton varieties and a glyphosate application on seedling disease incidence.	a study was conducted to determine whether stand densities of transgenic cotton (gossypium hirsutum) varieties, with or without glyphosate, were similar to conventional varieties of the same lineage group in georgia and mississippi. transgenic and conventional cotton varieties were placed into five lineage groups of related varieties and seedling disease was evaluated in three greenhouse tests and a field trial using rhizoctonia solani ag-4. seed vigor was determined by standard germination stud ...	2004	15645175
estimating photosynthetic electron transport via chlorophyll fluorometry without photosystem ii light saturation.	estimates of thylakoid electron transport rates (j(e)) from chlorophyll fluorometry are often used in combination with leaf gas exchange measurements to provide detailed information about photosynthetic activity of leaves in situ. estimating j(e) requires accurate determination of the quantum efficiency of photosystem ii (phi(p)), which in turn requires momentary light saturation of the photosystem ii light harvesting complex to induce the maximum fluorescence signal (f(m)'). in practice, full s ...	2004	16151873
a plant-specific kinesin binds to actin microfilaments and interacts with cortical microtubules in cotton fibers.	a novel kinesin, ghkch1, has been identified from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fibers. ghkch1 has a centrally located kinesin catalytic core, a signature neck peptide of minus end-directed kinesins, and a unique calponin homology (ch) domain at its n terminus. ghkch1 and other ch domain-containing kinesins (kchs) belong to a distinct branch of the minus end-directed kinesin subfamily. to date the kch kinesins have been found only in higher plants. because the ch domain is often found in actin-bin ...	2004	15557092
cloning, characterization, and evolution of the nbs-lrr-encoding resistance gene analogue family in polyploid cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).	the nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (nbs-lrr)-encoding gene family has attracted much research interest because approximately 75% of the plant disease resistance genes that have been cloned to date are from this gene family. we cloned the nbs-lrr-encoding genes from polyploid cotton by a polymerase chain reaction-based approach. a sample of 150 clones was selected from the nbs-lrr gene sequence library and was sequenced, and 61 resistance gene analogs (rga) were identified. sequence ...	2004	15553248
[cloning and characterization of two beta-mannosidase cdnas in gossypium hirsutum l].	by using the method of pcr-based cdna library screening, two beta-mannosidase clones, ghmana1 and ghmana2, had been isolated. ghmana1 had a length of 2692 bp coding for a polypeptide of 834 amino acids, and ghmana2 was 3209 bp which encoded a polypeptide of 976 amino acids. ghmana1 and ghmana2 shared an identical sequence of 747 amino acids in their carboxyl-terminals, but were distinctly different in their amino-terminals. both beta-mannosidases were members of glycosyl hydrolase family 2, whic ...	2004	15599050
combined effects of elevated co2 and herbivore damage on alfalfa and cotton.	we examined herbivore-induced responses of alfalfa (medicago sativa) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum) under different co2 conditions. plants were grown under ambient (350 ppm) or elevated (700 ppm) co2 levels, and were either damaged or undamaged by spodoptera littoralis larvae. at harvest, growth of undamaged (control) plants was determined, and foliar chemical composition of both undamaged and damaged plants was analyzed. cotton grew faster overall and showed a greater increase in growth in res ...	2004	15672673
cotton fiber germin-like protein. i. molecular cloning and gene expression.	the presence of cotton ( gossypium hirsutum l.) fiber transcripts coding for a germin-like protein (glp) was revealed by differential display analysis in which early stages of cotton fiber development between a wild type line, texas marker-1 (tm1) and a near isogenic mutant, naked seed (n1) were compared. transcripts of the cotton glp ( ghglp1) accumulated specifically in tm1, but did not accumulate in the mutant although the ghglp1 gene was present in both lines. the deduced protein sequence of ...	2004	14648117
cotton-fiber germin-like protein. ii: immunolocalization, purification, and functional analysis.	cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) contains a germin-like protein (glp), ghglp1, that shows tissue-specific accumulation in fiber. the fiber glp is an oligomeric, glycosylated protein with a subunit size of approximately 25.5 kda. accumulation of ghglp1 occurs during the period of fiber elongation [4-14 days post-anthesis (dpa)]. during early phases of fiber development (2-4 dpa), ghglp1 localizes to cytoplasmic vesicles as shown by confocal immunofluorescent microscopy. in slightly older fibers (7- ...	2004	14634817
volatiles released from cotton plants in response to helicoverpa zea feeding damage on cotton flower buds.	feeding of helicoverpa zea larvae on cotton ( gossypium hirsutum l.) flower buds (squares) for 24 or 48 h induced the release of a number of terpenes [( e)-beta-ocimene, linalool, ( e)-beta-farnesene, ( e, e)-alpha-farnesene, ( e)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, ( e, e)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene], isomeric hexenyl butyrates, 2-methylbutyrates, indole and ( z)-3-hexenyl acetate. these compounds are not released in significant amounts from undamaged squares and freshly damaged squar ...	2004	14625774
cloning and expression analysis of a bzip cdna in gossypium hirsutum l.	a new full-length cdna clone was isolated from the fiber cdna library of gossypium hirsutum l. the cdna, designated ghbzip,encoded a polypeptide of 645 amino acids. ghbzip protein had the structure characteristics of plant bzip proteins, including two conserved domains, duf630 and duf632 with unknown functions, a proline-rich domain and a phenylalanine-rich domain. meanwhile, the protein contained a leucine zipper-like motif in duf632. the hydropathy analysis showed that the ghbzip was a membran ...	2004	15490881
[the structural characteristics, alternative splicing and genetic experession analysis of adp-ribosylation-factor 1 (arf1) in cotton].	the full-length cdna,dna and promoter of adp-ribosylation-factor 1 (arf1) was isolated from gossypium hirsutum y18 by means of isocaudarner inverse pcr (ii-pcr) and rapid isolating cdna 5' unknown sequence and promoter (ricup) established in our lab. results indicated that the gene is 4 360 bp in size, including seven exons and six introns. interestingly, alterative splicing occurs at intron i. differential processing of intron 1 yields three different transcripts with 1 026 bp, 1103 bp and 1 54 ...	2004	15481542
wide coverage of the tetraploid cotton genome using newly developed microsatellite markers.	microsatellite [simple-sequence repeat (ssr)] markers were developed and positioned on the genetic map of tetraploid cotton. three hundred and ninety-two unique microsatellite sequences, all but two containing a (ca/gt) repeat, were isolated, and the deduced primers were used to screen for polymorphism between the gossypium hirsutum and g. barbadense parents of the mapping population analyzed in our laboratory. the observed rate of polymorphism was 56%. the 204 polymorphic ssrs revealed 261 segr ...	2004	14997301
[genetic analysis of the duration of the vegetative period in cotton gossypium hirsutum l. with background of various nitrogen level in soil].	using hayman's model of genetic analysis of the f1 hybrids from crosses between early- and late-ripening forms of cotton gossypium hirsutum l., we examined inheritance of the duration of vegetative period at various contents of nitrogen in soil. two variants of hybrid plants were studied. with the natural content of soil nitrogen, incomplete directionally dominance of earliness over late ripening with prevalence of additive gene effect of nonallelic interactions was observed. the genetic formula ...	2003	14964832
variation in surface chemical constituents of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fiber as a function of maturity.	modern cotton yarn production technology has made it imperative that new predictors of yarn spinning efficiency be determined. surface frictional forces play a large role in spinning efficiency, yet little is known about the chemical constituents comprising the cotton fiber surface or their respective roles in inter-fiber frictional behavior. major cotton fiber surface chemical components including pectin, wax, soluble salts, and sugars were quantified, and their respective relationships to cott ...	2003	14690385
identification of a third fuzzless seed locus in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).	segregating populations were developed to evaluate the inheritance of the fuzzless seed phenotypes in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). accession 143 of the mississippi obsolete variety collection (movc) has a fuzzless seed phenotype. this line carries the n(2) locus which is recessive to the seed fuzz phenotype. data from the f(2), bc(1)f(1), f(2:3), and bc(1)f(2) populations of dp 5690 x 143 fit a two-loci model for expression of the recessive fuzzless seed phenotype. fuzzless seeds were ...	2003	12547925
the use of multiple alien chromosome addition aneuploids facilitates genetic linkage mapping of the gossypium g genome.	primary germplasm pools represent the most accessible source of new alleles for crop improvement, but not all effective alleles are available in the primary germplasm pool, and breeders must sometimes confront the difficulties of introgressing genes from the secondary and tertiary germplasm pools in cotton by using synthetic polyploids as introgression bridges. two parental gossypium nelsonii x gossypium australe aflp genetic linkage maps were used to identify g genome chromosome-specific molecu ...	2003	14608394
changes in oxidative stress enzymes during artificial ageing in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) seeds.	the present study was carried out to elucidate the mechanism of seed deterioration in two cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) cultivars (hs6 and h1098). the seeds were artificially aged at 40 +/- 1 degree c and 100% relative humidity for 4 days. in both cultivars, germinability decreased, whereas membrane deterioration, as assayed by electrical conductivity of the seed leachates, increased progressively with artificial ageing. the decrease in germinability was well correlated with increased accumulat ...	2003	14593811
[evaluation of the effect of pollen irradiation on karyotype variability in m2 cotton plants].	the karyotypes of biomorphologically abnormal cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plants obtained in m2 after pollination with pollen irradiated at dose rates 10, 15, 20, and 25 gy were studied. various genomic and chromosomal mutations were detected in 57 m2 families. the primary monosomics isolated in m2 were found to be cytologically more stable and more viable, since they had higher meiotic indices, pollen fertility, and seed formation. in m2, a decrease in the number of plants with multiple kary ...	2003	14515465
field evaluation of a helicoverpa zea (lepidoptera: noctuidae) damage simulation model: effects of irrigation, h. zea density, and time of damage on cotton yield.	helicoverpa zea (boddie) is an important pest of cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., for which many economic injury and population models have been developed to predict the impact of injury by this species on cotton yield. a number of these models were developed using results from simulated damage experiments, despite the fact that no studies have demonstrated that simulated damage is comparable to real h. zea damage. our main objective in this study was to compare the effect on yield of h. zea larva ...	2003	14503589
transgenic overproduction of glutathione reductase does not protect cotton, gossypium hirsutum (malvaceae), from photoinhibition during growth under chilling conditions.	in some studies, tissues from plants that have been genetically transformed to overproduce antioxidant enzymes sustain less damage when abruptly exposed to short-term chilling in the laboratory. however, few studies have examined the performance of transgenic plants during longer-term growth under chilling conditions. we compared growth of transgenic cotton that overproduces glutathione reductase (gr+; ∼40-fold overproduction) to growth of the wild type in a controlled environment chamber as lea ...	2003	21659239
[evaluation of the effect of pollen irradiation on karyotype variability in cotton plants].	the effect of pollen irradiation at dose rates of 10, 15, 20, and 25 gy on variability in cotton plants gossypium hirsutum l. was studied. the modified plants showed a reduced fertility, mainly caused by chromosomal rearragements and genomic mutations during meiosis. the genomic mutations involved primary and tertiary monosomics, monotelodisomics, and a haploid plant. the decrease in meiotic index and pollen fertility in the cotton aneuploids was related not only to aberrations in chromosome pai ...	2003	12942779
recovery from terminal and fruit damage by dry season cotton crops in tropical australia.	we conducted a 2-yr field study on growth and yield compensation in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) after artificial pest damage in kununurra in nw australia. the aim was to assess the responses of cotton grown in tropical australia to simulated helicoverpa damage early in the season (tip damage) and during fruiting (square removal). in this region, cotton is grown in an inverse temperature regimen to cotton grown in temperate regions, and it is possible that tropical cotton crops exhibit differe ...	2003	12852610
viewing the difference between the diploid and the polyploid in the light of the upland cotton aneuploid.	the aneuploidy of gossypium hirsutum l. (upland cotton) aneusomatics were obtained by induced parthenogenesis. these aneuploids could grow and set seeds normally. in the process of meiosis there appeared large quantities of heteromorphic pairs and multivalent chromosomes and many cases of cytomixis and multisperm fertilization occurred. the aneuploids produced offsprings through sexual propagation. we explored penetratingly the questions how and why these aneuploids could survive. through this r ...	2003	12830987
localization of sucrose synthase and callose in freeze-substituted secondary-wall-stage cotton fibers.	methods for cryogenic fixation, freeze substitution, and embedding were developed to preserve the cellular structure and protein localization of secondary-wall-stage cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fibers accurately for the first time. perturbation by specimen handling was minimized by freezing fibers still attached to a seed fragment within 2 min after removal of seeds from a boll still attached to the plant. these methods revealed native ultrastructure, including numerous active golgi bodies, m ...	2003	12802624
high-frequency somatic embryo production and maturation into normal plants in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) through metabolic stress.	a highly efficient somatic embryo production and maturation procedure has been developed to regenerate plantlets from cotton ( gossypium hirsutum). this procedure involves the acceleration of differentiation through manipulations of nutrient and microenvironment conditions. embryogenic calli, initiated from hypocotyls or cotyledonary leaf sections on ms medium containing 0.1 mg/l 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 0.5 mg/l kinetin, and 3% maltose produced globular-stage somatic embryos when transfe ...	2003	12789412
the crystal structure of annexin gh1 from gossypium hirsutum reveals an unusual s3 cluster.	the three-dimensional crystal structure of recombinant annexin gh1 from gossypium hirsutum (cotton fibre) has been determined and refined to the final r-factor of 0.219 at the resolution of 2.1 a. this plant annexin consists of the typical 'annexin fold' and is similar to the previously solved bell pepper annexin anx24(ca32), but significant differences are seen when compared to the structure of nonplant annexins. a comparison with the structure of the mammalian annexin anxa5 indicates that cano ...	2003	12787021
effects of ultraviolet-b radiation on cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) morphology and anatomy.	cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) crop, cultivated between 40 degrees n and 40 degrees s, is currently experiencing 2-11 kj m-2 d-1 of uv-b radiation. this is predicted to increase in the near future. an experiment was conducted to study the effect of enhanced uv-b radiation on vegetative and reproductive morphology and leaf anatomy of cotton in sunlit, controlled environment chambers. from emergence to harvest, cotton plants were exposed to 0, 8 or 16 kj m-2 d-1 of uv-b in a square wave approach f ...	2003	12770842
effect of urea fertilizer application on soluble protein and free amino acid content of cotton petioles in relation to silverleaf whitefly (bemisia argentifolii) populations.	the impact of urea nitrogen fertilization on silverleaf whitefly, bemisia argentifolii bellows & perring, population dynamics was examined in field-grown cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). five urea nitrogen treatments were tested, consisting of soil applications of 0, 112, 168, and 224 kg nitrogen per hectare, and acombined soil-foliar application of 112:17 kg nitrogen per hectare. a positive response was observed between n application rates and the measured levels of nitrate n in petioles from ma ...	2003	12757331
the cotton kinesin-like calmodulin-binding protein associates with cortical microtubules in cotton fibers.	microtubules in interphase plant cells form a cortical array, which is critical for plant cell morphogenesis. genetic studies imply that the minus end-directed microtubule motor kinesin-like calmodulin-binding protein (kcbp) plays a role in trichome morphogenesis in arabidopsis. however, it was not clear whether this motor interacted with interphase microtubules. in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fibers, cortical microtubules undergo dramatic reorganization during fiber development. in this study, ...	2003	12746521