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endobronchial ultrasound experience in a high tuberculosis prevalence setting.most of the published endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (ebus-tbna) data are from the western countries, establishing the role of ebus-tbna in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. the etiology of mediastinal lymphadenopathy may be different in an ethnic group with a high prevalence of tuberculosis (tb).201728709488
diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis: current scenario from a tertiary neurocare centre in india.tuberculous meningitis (tbm) is a condition that is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and is difficult to diagnose due to the nonspecificity of the presentations. the study analyzed the different modes of diagnosis available in a developing country set up over a period of five years to understand the diagnostic values of the current conventional and automated methods of diagnosis of tbm among the patients suspected with chronic meningitis.201728709486
parotid tuberculosis.parotid gland tuberculosis is an uncommon manifestation of one of the most common infections even in the developing countries, caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. there are no specific symptoms or clinical signs of parotid tuberculosis, and such an infection most commonly presents as a slow growing painless parotid mass. because of its rarity, tuberculosis of parotid gland is often mistaken for a malignant growth, and it most commonly gets diagnosed after superficial protidectomy. complete cur ...201728709482
rv3723/luca coordinates fatty acid and cholesterol uptake in mycobacterium tuberculosis.pathogenic bacteria have evolved highly specialized systems to extract essential nutrients from their hosts. mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) scavenges lipids (cholesterol and fatty acids) to maintain infections in mammals but mechanisms and proteins responsible for the import of fatty acids in mtb were previously unknown. here, we identify and determine that the previously uncharacterized protein rv3723/luca, functions to integrate cholesterol and fatty acid uptake in mtb. rv3723/luca interacts ...201728708968
correction: mycobacterium tuberculosis arrests host cycle at the g1/s transition to establish long term infection.[this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006389.].201728708888
rapid diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis with xpert mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin assay.xpertmycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin (xpert mtb/rif) assay has been endorsed by the world health organization (who) for diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (eptb), while the sensitivity and specificity have not been fully evaluated. we aimed to evaluate the performance of xpert mtb/rif assay in the detection of different extrapulmonary specimens.201728708053
a review of recent advancements in anti-tubercular molecular hybrids.tuberculosis (tb) accounts for millions of deaths worldwide every year. diverse survival strategies adopted by mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) has substantially hindered the existing anti-tb regimen thereby leading to multidrug-resistant (mdr) and extremely drug-resistant (xdr) strains of tb. the steady decrease in current antibiotics' efficacy against these adversities is an indicator that their adequate replenishment in future is almost impossible, placing society on the precipice of a catast ...201728707584
misdiagnosis of tuberculosis associated with some species of nontuberculous mycobacteria by genexpert mtb/rif assay.out of 12 nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) species, 5 were identified as mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) by genexpert at a bacterial load of 10(6). notably, two species, including m. abscessus and m. smegmatis, were flagged as rif-resistant mtb due to the high c(t) value of probe e. in conclusion, our data have demonstrated that the misdiagnosis of mtb by genexpert assay is observed in five ntm species at a high bacterial load.201728707184
host sirtuin 1 regulates mycobacterial immunopathogenesis and represents a therapeutic target against tuberculosis.mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) executes a plethora of immune-evasive mechanisms, which contribute to its pathogenesis, limited efficacy of current therapy, and the emergence of drug-resistant strains. this has led to resurgence in attempts to develop new therapeutic strategies/targets against tuberculosis (tb). we show that mtb down-regulates sirtuin 1 (sirt1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad(+))-dependent deacetylase, in monocytes/macrophages, tb animal models, and tb patients with a ...201728707004
reactogenicity to major tuberculosis antigens absent in bcg is linked to improved protection against mycobacterium tuberculosis.mtbvac is a live-attenuated mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine, currently under clinical development, that contains the major antigens esat6 and cfp10. these antigens are absent from the current tuberculosis vaccine, bcg. here we compare the protection induced by bcg and mtbvac in several mouse strains that naturally express different mhc haplotypes differentially recognizing esat6 and cfp10. mtbvac induces improved protection in c3h mice, the only of the three tested strains reactive to both es ...201728706226
reduced susceptibility of clinical strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis to reactive nitrogen species promotes survival in activated macrophages.drugs such as isoniazid (inh) and pretomanid (prt), used against mycobacterium tuberculosis are active partly through generation of reactive nitrogen species (rns). the aim of this study was to explore variability in intracellular susceptibility to nitric oxide (no) in clinical strains of m. tuberculosis.201728704501
synthesis and in vitro antimycobacterial and antibacterial activity of 8-ome ciprofloxacin-hydrozone/azole hybrids.a series of novel 8-ome ciprofloxacin (cpfx)-hydrazone/azole hybrids were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro biological activities. our results reveal that all of the hydrozone-containing hybrids (except for 7) show potency against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) h37rv (minimum inhibitory concentration (mic): <0.5 μm), which is better than the parent drug cpfx, and comparable to moxifloxacin and isoniazid, some of the tested gram-positive strains (mic: 0.06-4 μg/ml), and mo ...201728703766
the role of human host genetics in tuberculosis resistance.tuberculosis (tb) remains a public health problem: the latest estimate of new incident cases per year is a staggering 10.4 million. despite this overwhelming number, the majority of the immunocompetent population can control infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis. the human genome underlies the immune response and contributes to the outcome of tb infection. areas covered: investigations of tb resistance in the general population have closely mirrored those of other infectious diseases and ini ...201728703045
incorporating user input in template-based segmentation.we present a simple and elegant method to incorporate user input in a template-based segmentation method for diseased organs. the user provides a partial segmentation of the organ of interest, which is used to guide the template towards its target. the user also highlights some elements of the background that should be excluded from the final segmentation. we derive by likelihood maximization a registration algorithm from a simple statistical image model in which the user labels are modeled as b ...201726146532
synthesis, structure, and tuberculostatic activity of dimethyl benzoylcarbonohydrazonodithioates.new dimethyl benzoylcarbonohydrazonodithioates were obtained by cs2 addition to arylcarboxylic acid hydrazides and methylation of the formed adduct. the new derivatives were tested for their activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis. some compounds exhibited high activity toward sensitive and resistant strains.201726166854
template registration with missing parts: application to the segmentation of m. tuberculosis infected lungs.many techniques have been proposed to segment organs from images, however the segmentation of diseased organs remains challenging and frequently requires lots of user interaction. the challenge consists of segmenting an organ while its appearance and its shape vary due to the presence of the disease in addition to individual variations. we propose a template registration technique that can be used to recover the complete segmentation of a diseased organ from a partial segmentation. the usual tem ...201726146531
haematogenous spread of pulmonary tuberculosis to a hemiarthroplasty of the hip.tuberculosis (tb) in a joint arthroplasty is unusual, and is usually due to reactivation from a previously infected joint or rarely from endogenous spread. we present a patient with septic loosening of a cemented thompsons hemiarthroplasty due to mycobacterium tuberculosis infection seven years post-operatively. at the time of surgery he had no symptoms or signs of tb. there have been no such reported cases in the english medical literature. (hip international 2004; 14: 258-61).201728247402
protein tagging, destruction and infection.cells possess protein quality control mechanisms to maintain proper cellular homeostasis. in eukaryotes, the roles of the ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of cellular proteins is well established. recent studies have elucidated protein tagging mechanisms in prokaryotes, involving transfer messenger rna (tmrna) and pupylation. in this review, newer insights and bioinformatics analysis of two distinct bacterial protein tagging machineries are discussed. the machinery for tmrna-me ...201728707598
antituberculotic activity of actinobacteria isolated from the rare habitats.a distinctive screening procedure resulted in the isolation and identification of antituberculotic actinobacteria. in this course, a total of 125 actinobacteria were isolated from various soil samples from untapped areas in northwestern himalayas, india. the antibacterial screening showed that 26 isolates inhibited the growth of at least one of the tested bacterial pathogens including staphylococcus aureus (atcc 25923), staphylococcus epidermidis (atcc 12228), bacillus subtilis (atcc 11774), mic ...201728699251
a proteomic signature of dormancy in the actinobacterium micrococcus luteus.dormancy is a protective state in which diverse bacteria, including mycobacterium tuberculosis, staphylococcus aureus, treponema pallidum (syphilis), and borrelia burgdorferi (lyme disease), curtail metabolic activity to survive external stresses, including antibiotics. evidence suggests dormancy consists of a continuum of interrelated states, including viable but nonculturable (vbnc) and persistence states. vbnc and persistence contribute to antibiotic tolerance, reemergence from latent infecti ...201728484042
ras signaling inhibitors attenuate disease in adjuvant-induced arthritis via targeting pathogenic antigen-specific th17-type cells.the ras family of gtpases plays an important role in signaling nodes downstream to t cell receptor and cd28 activation, potentially lowering the threshold for t-cell receptor activation by autoantigens. somatic mutation in nras or kras may cause a rare autoimmune disorder coupled with abnormal expansion of lymphocytes. t cells from rheumatoid arthritis (ra) patients show excessive activation of ras/mek/erk pathway. the small molecule farnesylthiosalicylic acid (fts) interferes with the interacti ...201728736556
sequence analysis of haemagglutinin and neuraminidase of h1n1 strain from a patient coinfected with mycobacterium tuberculosis.the 2009 h1n1 pandemic (h1n1pdm09) was associated with a considerable influenza-related morbidity and mortality. among the complications, mycobacterial tuberculosis was recorded as a coinfection with influenza in rare cases. the full-length sequences of the viral haemagglutinin and neuraminidase of h1n1pdm09 influenza a virus were analyzed from a recently infected patient. the patient was chronically infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. molecular modelling and in-silico docking of the virus ...201728499541
evaluation of a taqman array card for detection of central nervous system infections.infections of the central nervous system (cns) are often acute, with significant morbidity and mortality. routine diagnosis of such infections is limited in developing countries and requires modern equipment in advanced laboratories that may be unavailable to a number of patients in sub-saharan africa. we developed a taqman array card (tac) that detects multiple pathogens simultaneously from cerebrospinal fluid. the 21-pathogen cns multiple-pathogen tac (cns-tac) assay includes two parasites (ba ...201728404679
multiplex paper-based colorimetric dna sensor using pyrrolidinyl peptide nucleic acid-induced agnps aggregation for detecting mers-cov, mtb, and hpv oligonucleotides.the development of simple fluorescent and colorimetric assays that enable point-of-care dna and rna detection has been a topic of significant research because of the utility of such assays in resource limited settings. the most common motifs utilize hybridization to a complementary detection strand coupled with a sensitive reporter molecule. here, a paper-based colorimetric assay for dna detection based on pyrrolidinyl peptide nucleic acid (acpcpna)-induced nanoparticle aggregation is reported a ...201728394582
translational research in the nonhuman primate model of tuberculosis.infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis predominantly establishes subclinical latent infection over the lifetime of an individual, with a fraction of infected individuals rapidly progressing to active disease. the immune control in latent infection can be perturbed by comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, and coinfection with helminthes or hiv. modeling the varying aspects of natural infection remains incomplete when using zebrafish and mice. however, the nonhuman primate ...201728575319
defective positioning in granulomas but not lung-homing limits cd4 t-cell interactions with mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages in rhesus macaques.protection against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infection requires cd4 t cells to migrate into the lung and interact with infected macrophages. in mice, less-differentiated cxcr3(+) cd4 t cells migrate into the lung and suppress growth of mtb, whereas cx3cr1(+) terminally differentiated th1 cells accumulate in the blood vasculature and do not control pulmonary infection. here we examine cd4 t-cell differentiation and lung homing during primary mtb infection of rhesus macaques. mtb-specific c ...201728745326
an alert of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of rhesus macaques in a wild zoo in china.mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathogen that causes tuberculosis (tb), is becoming increasingly recognized as an important cause of fatal chronic illnesses in china. in this study, we report an infectious disease among 84 rhesus macaques at a chinese zoo. their clinical signs and symptoms were very similar with the manifestations of tb in humans. to determine the potential pathogens of this outbreak, many methods were used. first, tuberculin skin tests showed that none of the monkeys displayed ...201728659540
quantitative and qualitative inkt repertoire associations with disease susceptibility and outcome in macaque tuberculosis infection.correlates of immune protection that reliably predict vaccine efficacy against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infection are urgently needed. invariant nkt cells (inkts) are cd1d-dependent innate t cells that augment host antimicrobial immunity through production of cytokines, including interferon (ifn)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-α. we determined peripheral blood inkt numbers, their proliferative responses and inkt subset proportions after in vitro antigen expansion by α-galactosylceram ...201728610792
positive correlation between ip-10 and ifn-γ levels in rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) with either naturally acquired or experimental infection of mycobacterium tuberculosis.numerous studies identify that ip-10 and ifn-γ are involved in leucocyte migration and activation and regarded as promising surrogate biomarkers in human and bovine tuberculosis infection, but there is lack of evidence for ip-10 in nonhuman primates. in this study, we directly determined ip-10 and ifn-γ levels in plasma from 30 healthy monkeys, 30 monkeys with naturally acquired tuberculosis, 4 monkeys experimentally infected with tuberculosis, and ppd stimulated whole blood of 14 monkeys with n ...201728512637
prioritizing multiple therapeutic targets in parallel using automated dna-encoded library screening.the identification and prioritization of chemically tractable therapeutic targets is a significant challenge in the discovery of new medicines. we have developed a novel method that rapidly screens multiple proteins in parallel using dna-encoded library technology (elt). initial efforts were focused on the efficient discovery of antibacterial leads against 119 targets from acinetobacter baumannii and staphylococcus aureus. the success of this effort led to the hypothesis that the relative number ...201728714473
synthesis and biological evaluation of indole core-based derivatives with potent antibacterial activity against resistant bacterial pathogens.the emergence of drug resistance in bacterial pathogens is a growing clinical problem that poses difficult challenges in patient management. to exacerbate this problem, there is currently a serious lack of antibacterial agents that are designed to target extremely drug-resistant bacterial strains. here we describe the design, synthesis and antibacterial testing of a series of 40 novel indole core derivatives, which are predicated by molecular modeling to be potential glycosyltransferase inhibito ...201728465626
role of ergothioneine in microbial physiology and pathogenesis.l-ergothioneine is synthesized in actinomycetes, cyanobacteria, methylobacteria and some fungi. in contrast to other low molecular weight redox buffers, glutathione and mycothiol, ergothioneine is primarily present as a thione rather than a thiol at physiological ph, which makes it resistant to autoxidation. ergothioneine regulates microbial physiology and enables survival of the microbes under stressful conditions encountered in their natural environments. in particular, ergothioneine enables p ...201728791878
post-tuberculosis mycetoma: bronchoscopic removal.a 76-year-old male non-smoker presented to our institution with cough and haemoptysis. he had been treated for cavitatory pulmonary mycobacterium tuberculosis of the right upper lobe 10 years previously. chest radiograph and subsequent computed tomography (ct) of the chest demonstrated a right upper cavity containing a mass suspicious for mycetoma. flexible bronchoscopy under conscious sedation demonstrated a mass obstructing the anterior segment of the right upper lobe. the abnormality was subs ...201728580148
metal homeostasis in bacteria: the role of arsr-smtb family of transcriptional repressors in combating varying metal concentrations in the environment.bacterial infections cause severe medical problems worldwide, resulting in considerable death and loss of capital. with the ever-increasing rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the lack of development of new antibiotics, research on metal-based antimicrobial therapy has now gained pace. metal ions are essential for survival, but can be highly toxic to organisms if their concentrations are not strictly controlled. through evolution, bacteria have acquired complex metal-management systems tha ...201728512703
identification of beta-lactamases and beta-lactam-related proteins in human pathogenic bacteria using a computational search approach.a systematic analysis of beta-lactamases based on comparative proteomics has not been performed thus far. in this report, we searched for the presence of beta-lactam-related proteins in 591 bacterial proteomes belonging to 52 species that are pathogenic to humans. the amino acid sequences for 19 different types of beta-lactamases (act, carb, cifa, cmy, ctx, fox, ges, gob, imp, ind, kpc, len, okp, oxa, oxy, shv, tem, ndm, and vim) were obtained from the arg-annot database and were used to constru ...201728508147
salicylaldehyde and dihydroisobenzofuran derivatives from the marine fungus zopfiella marina.two salicylaldehyde derivatives (1 and 2), a hydroxymethylphenol (3), five dihydroisobenzofuran (4-8) derivatives, and a 5-chloro-3-deoxyisoochracinic acid (9), together with a known 3-deoxyisoochracinic acid (10) were isolated from the marine fungus zopfiella marina bcc 18240 (or nbrc 30420). the structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. compound 1 showed weak antituberculous activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37ra, and antibacterial activity a ...201728669223
simultaneous detection of 13 key bacterial respiratory pathogens by combination of multiplex pcr and capillary electrophoresis.lower respiratory tract infections continue to pose a significant threat to human health. it is important to accurately and rapidly detect respiratory bacteria. to compensate for the limits of current respiratory bacteria detection methods, we developed a combination of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and capillary electrophoresis (mpce) assay to detect thirteen bacterial pathogens responsible for lower respiratory tract infections, including streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influ ...201728807095
trypanosoma infection favors brucella elimination via il-12/ifnγ-dependent pathways.this study develops an original co-infection model in mice using brucella melitensis, the most frequent cause of human brucellosis, and trypanosoma brucei, the agent of african trypanosomiasis. although the immunosuppressive effects of t. brucei in natural hosts and mice models are well established, we observed that the injection of t. brucei in mice chronically infected with b. melitensis induces a drastic reduction in the number of b. melitensis in the spleen, the main reservoir of the infecti ...201728824630
getting "inside" type i ifns: type i ifns in intracellular bacterial infections.type i interferons represent a unique and complex group of cytokines, serving many purposes during innate and adaptive immunity. discovered in the context of viral infections, type i ifns are now known to have myriad effects in infectious and autoimmune disease settings. type i ifn signaling during bacterial infections is dependent on many factors including whether the infecting bacterium is intracellular or extracellular, as different signaling pathways are activated. as such, the repercussions ...201728529959
in vitro synergistic effects of a short cationic peptide and clinically used antibiotics against drug-resistant isolates of brucella melitensis.in the last few decades, increasing microbial resistance to common antibiotics has attracted researchers' attention to the development of new classes of antibiotics such as antimicrobial peptides. accordingly, the aim of the current study was to evaluate antimicrobial effects of the cm11 peptide alone and combined with common antibiotics against drug-resistant isolates of brucella melitensis.201728699872
discovery and biosynthesis of gladiolin: a burkholderia gladioli antibiotic with promising activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis.an antimicrobial activity screen of burkholderia gladioli bcc0238, a clinical isolate from a cystic fibrosis patient, led to the discovery of gladiolin, a novel macrolide antibiotic with potent activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv. gladiolin is structurally related to etnangien, a highly unstable antibiotic from sorangium cellulosum that is also active against mycobacteria. like etnangien, gladiolin was found to inhibit rna polymerase, a validated drug target in m. tuberculosis. how ...201728528545
hydroxylamine-induced oxidation of ferrous carbonylated truncated hemoglobins from mycobacterium tuberculosis and campylobacter jejuni is limited by carbon monoxide dissociation.hydroxylamine (ha) is an oxidant of ferrous globins and its action has been reported to be inhibited by co, even though this mechanism has not been clarified. here, kinetics of the ha-mediated oxidation of ferrous carbonylated mycobacterium tuberculosis truncated hemoglobin n and o (mt-trhbn(ii)-co and mt-trhbo(ii)-co, respectively) and campylobacter jejuni truncated hemoglobin p (cj-trhbp(ii)-co), at ph 7.2 and 20.0 °c, are reported. mixing mt-trhbn(ii)-co, mt-trhbo(ii)-co, and cj-trhbp(ii)-co ...201728646425
rv3634c from mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv encodes an enzyme with udp-gal/glc and udp-galnac 4-epimerase activities.a bioinformatics study revealed that mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv (mtb) contains sequence homologs of campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation enzymes. the orf rv3634c from mtb was identified as a sequence homolog of c. jejuni udp-gal/galnac 4-epimerase. this study reports the cloning of rv3634c and its expression as an n-terminal his-tagged protein. the recombinant protein was shown to have udp-gal/glc 4-epimerase activity by god-pod assay and by reverse phase hplc. this enzyme was shown ...201728403215
protein kinase c-delta (pkcδ), a marker of inflammation and tuberculosis disease progression in humans, is important for optimal macrophage killing effector functions and survival in mice.we previously demonstrated that protein kinase c-δ (pkcδ) is critical for immunity against listeria monocytogenes, leishmania major, and candida albicans infection in mice. however, the functional relevance of pkcδ during mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infection is unknown. pkcδ was significantly upregulated in whole blood of patients with active tuberculosis (tb) disease. lung proteomics further revealed that pkcδ was highly abundant in the necrotic and cavitory regions of tb granulomas in mu ...201728832027
whole blood profiling of bacillus calmette-guérin-induced trained innate immunity in infants identifies epidermal growth factor, il-6, platelet-derived growth factor-ab/bb, and natural killer cell activation.vaccination of infants with bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) activates both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response. the antimycobacterial effects of these responses most likely account for the ability of bcg to protect against childhood forms of tuberculosis (tb). there is also evidence for a heterologous protective effect of bcg vaccination against tb-unrelated mortality in low birth weight infants. a possible mechanism of action of this effect, the induction of trained innate immuni ...201728634479
robust immunoreactivity of teenager sera against peptide 19 from porphyromonas gingivalis hsp60.epitope spreading is a phenomenon in which distinct subdominant epitopes become major targets of the immune response. heat shock protein (hsp) 60 from porphyromonas gingivalis (pghsp60) and peptide 19 from pghsp60 (pep19) are immunodominant epitopes in autoimmune disease patients, including those with periodontitis. it remains unclear whether pep19 is a dominant epitope in subjects without periodontitis or autoimmune disease. the purpose of this study was to determine the epitope spreading patte ...201728680713
sphingolipids are dual specific drug targets for the management of pulmonary infections: perspective.sphingolipids are the major constituent of the mucus secreted by the cells of epithelial linings of lungs where they maintain the barrier functions and prevent microbial invasion. sphingolipids are interconvertible, and their primary and secondary metabolites have both structural and functional roles. out of several sphingolipid metabolites, sphingosine-1 phosphate (s1p) and ceramide are central molecules and decisive for sphingolipid signaling. these are produced by enzymatic activity of sphing ...201728400772
tpl2 promotes innate cell recruitment and effector t cell differentiation to limit citrobacter rodentium burden and dissemination.tumor progression locus 2 (tpl2) is a serine-threonine kinase that regulates th1 differentiation, secretion of the inflammatory cytokine ifnγ, and host defense against the intracellular pathogens toxoplasma gondii, listeria monocytogenes, and mycobacterium tuberculosis however, there is relatively little known about the contribution of tpl2 to th17 differentiation and immune cell function during infection with an extracellular pathogen. the goal of this study was to determine whether tpl2 influe ...201728760932
carboxyl analogue of mutacin 1140, a scaffold for lead antibacterial discovery.mutacin 1140 belongs to the epidermin group of lantibiotics. epidermin class lantibiotics are ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified antibiotics with potent activity against gram-positive bacteria. in particular, this class is effective at targeting drug-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), mycobacterium tuberculosis, and clostridium difficile a c-terminal s-[(z)-2-aminovinyl]-d-cysteine (avicys) residue is derived from a decar ...201728500042
conformational control of udp-galactopyranose mutase inhibition.udp-galactopyranose mutase (glf or ugm) catalyzes the formation of uridine 5'-diphosphate-α-d-galactofuranose (udp-galf) from udp-galactopyranose (udp-galp). the enzyme is required for the production of galf-containing glycans. ugm is absent in mammals, but members of the corynebacterineae suborder require ugm for cell envelope biosynthesis. the need for ugm in some pathogens has prompted the search for inhibitors that could serve as antibiotic leads. optimizing inhibitor potency, however, has b ...201728608671
inhibitors of mycobacterium marinum virulence identified in a dictyostelium discoideum host model.tuberculosis remains one of the major threats to public health worldwide. given the prevalence of multi drug resistance (mdr) in mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, there is a strong need to develop new anti-mycobacterial drugs with modes of action distinct from classical antibiotics. inhibitors of mycobacterial virulence might target new molecular processes and may represent a potential new therapeutic alternative. in this study, we used a dictyostelium discoideum host model to assess virulence ...201728727774
breaking fat! how mycobacteria and other intracellular pathogens manipulate host lipid droplets.tuberculosis (tb) is a lung infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). with one third of the world population latently infected, it represents the most prevalent bacterial infectious diseases worldwide. typically, persistence is linked to so-called "dormant" slow-growing bacteria, which have a low metabolic rate and a reduced response to antibiotic treatments. however, dormant bacteria regain growth and virulence when the immune system is weakened, leading again to the active form of ...201728587792
immunodominance of adenovirus-derived cd8(+) t cell epitopes interferes with the induction of transgene-specific immunity in adenovirus-based immunization.adenovirus (ad)-based immunization is a popular approach in vaccine development, and ad-based vectors are renowned for their potential to induce strong cd8(+) t cell responses to the encoded transgene. surprisingly, we found before in the mouse friend retrovirus (fv) model that ad-based immunization did not induce cd8(+) t cell responses to the fv leader-gag-derived immunodominant epitope gagl85-93 we show now that induction of gagl85-93-specific cd8(+) t cells was highly effective when leader-g ...201728768877
identification of multiple druggable secondary sites by fragment screening against dc-sign.dc-sign is a cell-surface receptor for several pathogenic threats, such as hiv, ebola virus, or mycobacterium tuberculosis. multiple attempts to develop inhibitors of the underlying carbohydrate-protein interactions have been undertaken in the past fifteen years. still, drug-like dc-sign ligands are sparse, which is most likely due to its hydrophilic, solvent-exposed carbohydrate-binding site. herein, we report on a parallel fragment screening against dc-sign applying spr and a reporter displace ...201728523851
ruptured pulmonary hydatid cyst: a case report.ruptured pulmonary hydatid cyst (phc) is an important clinical problem in endemic areas to echinococcal infection. herein we present a rare case of ruptured phc in an adolescent boy that was misdiagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis in local health center. when sputum specimen was stained by acid-fast staining for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis, hooklets of echinococcus granulosus were observed. a simple chest x-ray showed a multilobulated mass in the lower part of the left lung. computed ...201728848299
2,6-difluorobenzamide inhibitors of bacterial cell division protein ftsz: design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships.a wide variety of drug-resistant microorganisms are continuously emerging, restricting the therapeutic options for common bacterial infections. antimicrobial agents that were originally potent are now no longer helpful, due to their weak or null activity toward these antibiotic-resistant bacteria. in addition, none of the recently approved antibiotics affect innovative targets, resulting in a need for novel drugs with innovative antibacterial mechanisms of action. the essential cell division pro ...201728586174
meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid derivatives with antibacterial and antimycobacterial activity.thirty-three meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (meso-dga) derivatives bearing esters, ethers, and amino-ethers were synthesized. all derivatives were tested against twelve drug-resistant clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including sensitive (h37rv) and multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. among the tested compounds, four esters (7, 11, 13, and 17), one ether (23), and three amino-ethers (30, 31, and 33) exhibited moderate activity against methicillin-res ...201728844400
phosphorylation of mycobacterial phosphodiesterase by eukaryotic-type ser/thr kinase controls its two distinct and mutually exclusive functionalities.phosphorylation mediated negative feed-back regulation of camp levels by phosphodiesterase is well established in eukaryotic cells. however, such mechanism remains unexplored in prokaryotes. we report here the involvement of eukaryotic-type ser/thr kinases, particularly pkna in trans-phosphorylating phosphodiesterase (mpde) from mycobacterium tuberculosis, which resulted in decreased enzyme turnover rate compared with its unphosphorylated counterpart. to elucidate the role of mpde phosphorylatio ...201728855253
structome analysis of escherichia coli cells by serial ultrathin sectioning reveals the precise cell profiles and the ribosome density.structome analysis, the quantitative three-dimensional structural analysis of whole cells at the electron microscopic level, of exophiala dermatitidis (black yeast), saccharomyces cerevisiae, mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) and myojin spiral bacteria (msb) have already been reported. here, the results of the structome analysis of escherichia coli cells based on transmission electron microscope observation of serial ultrathin sections was reported, and compared with the data obtained from phase ...201728854579
distinct mechanism evolved for mycobacterial rna polymerase and topoisomerase i protein-protein interaction.we report here a distinct mechanism of interaction between topoisomerase i and rna polymerase in mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium smegmatis that has evolved independently from the previously characterized interaction between bacterial topoisomerase i and rna polymerase. bacterial dna topoisomerase i is responsible for preventing the hyper-negative supercoiling of genomic dna. the association of topoisomerase i with rna polymerase during transcription elongation could efficiently reli ...201728843989
mechanism of transformation in mycobacteria using a novel shockwave assisted technique driven by in-situ generated oxyhydrogen.we present a novel method for shockwave-assisted bacterial transformation using a miniature oxyhydrogen detonation-driven shock tube. we have obtained transformation efficiencies of about 1.28 × 10(6), 1.7 × 10(6), 5 × 10(6), 1 × 10(5), 1 × 10(5) and 2 × 10(5) transformants/µg of dna for escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurum, pseudomonas aeruginosa, mycobacterium smegmatis, mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) and helicobacter pylori respectively using this method which are significantly higher th ...201728819202
exploring the potential of t7 bacteriophage protein gp2 as a novel inhibitor of mycobacterial rna polymerase.over the past six decades, there has been a decline in novel therapies to treat tuberculosis, while the causative agent of this disease has become increasingly resistant to current treatment regimens. bacteriophages (phages) are able to kill bacterial cells and understanding this process could lead to novel insights for the treatment of mycobacterial infections. phages inhibit bacterial gene transcription through phage-encoded proteins which bind to rna polymerase (rnap), thereby preventing bact ...201728802409
immuno-diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum, and reduction of timelines for its positive cultures to within 3 h by pathogen-specific thymidylate kinase expression assays.laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis (tb) is traditionally based on microscopy and or culture. microscopy is however, only sensitive to a specified degree of bacillary load not present in hiv co-infected persons. traditional cultures of mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tb), on the other hand, take weeks to read-thereby delaying the critical decision whether or not, to treat. although nucleic acids amplification tests (naats) applied directly on sputum or cultures can increase the sensitivity for t ...201728789704
characterization of a minimal type of promoter containing the -10 element and a guanine at the -14 or -13 position in mycobacteria.three key promoter elements, -10, -35, and t-15g-14n, are recognized by the σ subunit of rna polymerase. among them, promoters with the -10 element and either of -35 or t-15g-14n consensuses are known to efficiently initiate transcription, but recent systematic analyses have identified a large group of promoters in mycobacterium tuberculosis that contain only a -10 consensus. how these promoters initiate transcription remains poorly understood. here, we show that promoters containing the -10 ele ...201728784819
common bacterial isolates, clinical outcome and tb meningitis in children admitted at morogoro regional referral hospital, tanzania.bacterial meningitis is still one of the major causes of deaths, disabilities, and mental retardation in children in morogoro region. to study the current meningitis burden, we evaluated the common bacterial isolates and clinical outcome of the disease in the region.201728776526
update on nitazoxanide: a multifunctional chemotherapeutic agent.the thiazolide nitazoxanide (ntz) is a broad-spectrum anti-infective drug that adversely affects viability, growth, and proliferation of a range of extracellular and intracellular protozoan, helminths, anaerobic and microaerophilic bacteria, and viruses.201728748751
immunological properties and protective efficacy of a single mycobacterial antigen displayed on polyhydroxybutyrate beads.in 2015, there were an estimated 10.4 million new tuberculosis (tb) cases and 1.4 million deaths worldwide. bacille calmette-guérin (bcg), an attenuated strain of mycobacterium bovis, is the vaccine available against tb, but it is insufficient for global tb control. this study evaluated the immunogenicity of the mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen rv1626 in mice while assessing the effect of co-delivering either cpe30 (immunostimulatory peptide), cs.t3378-395 (promiscuous t helper epitope) or fla ...201728714174
mutagenesis of threonine to serine in the active site of mycobacterium tuberculosis fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (class ii) retains partial enzyme activity.the glpx gene encodes for the class ii fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase enzyme in mycobacterium tuberculosis (mt), an essential enzyme for pathogenesis. we have performed site directed mutagenesis to introduce two mutations at residue thr84, t84a and t84s, to explore the binding affinity of the substrate and the catalytic mechanism. the t84a mutant fully abolishes enzyme activity while retaining substrate binding affinity. in contrast, the t84s mutant retains some activity having a 10 times reduction ...201728702369
mycobacterium tuberculosis phoy proteins promote persister formation by mediating pst/senx3-regx3 phosphate sensing.the mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphate-specific transport (pst) system controls gene expression in response to phosphate availability by inhibiting the activation of the senx3-regx3 two-component system under phosphate-rich conditions, but the mechanism of communication between these systems is unknown. in escherichia coli, inhibition of the two-component system phor-phob under phosphate-rich conditions requires both the pst system and phou, a putative adaptor protein. e. coli phou is also inv ...201728698272
defining the functionally important domain and amino acid residues in mycobacterium tuberculosis integration host factor for genome stability, dna binding and integrative recombination.the integration host factor of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mihf) consists of a single polypeptide chain, the product of the ihf gene. we previously revealed that mihf is a novel member of a new class of nucleoid-associated proteins that have important roles in dna damage response, nucleoid compaction and integrative recombination. the mihf contains a region of 86 amino acids at its n-terminus, absent in both α- and β-subunits of escherichia coli ihf. however, the functional significance of an ex ...201728696279
plant e3 ligases ubiquitinate escherichia coli σ(32)in vitro.ubiquitin-like proteins (ubls) are extremely well-conserved among eukaryotes and prokaryotes allowing interactions between proteins from different organisms. for example, the prokaryotic ubiquitin-like proteins (pups) and the proteasome accessory factor a (pafa) of mycobacterium tuberculosis are sufficient to pupylate at least 51 escherichia coli proteins. this work shows that the plant e3 ligases bntr1 and at1g02860 can ubiquitinate e. coli σ(32), but not hsp70 dnak in vitro. molecular biology ...201728676399
glycosylation of recombinant antigenic proteins from mycobacterium tuberculosis: in silico prediction of protein epitopes and ex vivo biological evaluation of new semi-synthetic glycoconjugates.tuberculosis is still one of the most deadly infectious diseases worldwide, and the use of conjugated antigens, obtained by combining antigenic oligosaccharides, such as the lipoarabinomannane (lam), with antigenic proteins from mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), has been proposed as a new strategy for developing efficient vaccines. in this work, we investigated the effect of the chemical glycosylation on two recombinant mtb proteins produced in e. coli with an additional seven-amino acid tag (re ...201728661444
immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a fusion protein tuberculosis vaccine combining five esx family proteins.one strategy to develop the next generation of tuberculosis vaccines is to construct subunit vaccines based on t cell antigens. in this study, we have evaluated the vaccine potential of a fusion protein combining esxb, esxd, esxg, esxu, and esxm of mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tb). this recombinant protein, named bm, was expressed in and purified from escherichia coli. immunization of c57bl/6 mice with purified bm protein formulated in freund's incomplete adjuvant induced the production of th1 ...201728620588
crystal structure of rv1220c, a sam-dependent o-methyltransferase from mycobacterium tuberculosis.rv1220c from mycobacterium tuberculosis is annotated as an o-methyltransferase (mtbomt). currently, no structural information is available for this protein. here, the crystal structure of mtbomt refined to 2.0 å resolution is described. the structure reveals the presence of a methyltransferase fold and shows clear electron density for one molecule of s-adenosylmethionine (sam), which was apparently bound by the protein during its production in escherichia coli. although the overall structure of ...201728580918
rv3852 (h-ns) of mycobacterium tuberculosis is not involved in nucleoid compaction and virulence regulation.a handful of nucleoid-associated proteins (naps) regulate the vast majority of genes in a bacterial cell. h-ns, the histone-like nucleoid-structuring protein, is one of these naps and protects escherichia coli from foreign gene expression. though lacking any sequence similarity with e. coli h-ns, rv3852 was annotated as the h-ns ortholog in mycobacterium tuberculosis, as it resembles human histone h1. the role of rv3852 was thoroughly investigated by immunoblotting, subcellular localization, con ...201728559300
the protective effect of a novel antioxidant gene from mycobacterium avium against nitrosative and oxidative stress in e. coli.the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (roi) and reactive nitrogen intermediates (rni) is an important host defense mechanism in response to infection by mycobacterium tuberculosis. a variety of genes have been implicated in resistance to roi and rni, including noxr1. however, studies in mycobacterium avium, an important pathogen among nontuberculous mycobacteria, are limited. we aim to investigate the role of a novel gene cloned from m. avium with high similarity to noxr1, noa, in resi ...201728547728
recombinant bcg expressing ltak63 adjuvant induces superior protection against mycobacterium tuberculosis.in order to develop an improved bcg vaccine against tuberculosis we have taken advantage of the adjuvant properties of a non-toxic derivative of escherichia coli heat labile enterotoxin (lt), ltak63. we have constructed rbcg strains expressing ltak63 at different expression levels. mice immunized with bcg expressing low levels of ltak63 (rbcg-ltak63lo) showed higher th1 cytokines and il-17 in the lungs, and when challenged intratracheally with mycobacterium tuberculosis displayed a 2.0-3.0 log r ...201728522873
evaluation of the mycobactericidal effect of thio-functionalized carbohydrate derivatives.sugars with heteroatoms other than oxygen have attained considerable importance in glycobiology and in drug design since they are often more stable in blood plasma due to their resistance to enzymes, such as glycosidases, phosphorylases and glycosyltransferases. the replacement of oxygen atoms in sugars with sulfur forms thio-sugars, which are potentially useful for the treatment of diabetes and some bacterial and viral infections. here, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of thio-functional ...201728509874
biochemical and functional characterization of mra_1571 of mycobacterium tuberculosis h37ra and effect of its down-regulation on survival in macrophages.amino acid biosynthesis has emerged as a source of new drug targets as many bacterial strains auxotrophic for amino acids fail to proliferate under in vivo conditions. branch chain amino acids (bcaas) are important for mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) survival and strains deficient in their biosynthesis were attenuated for growth in mice. threonine dehydratase (ilva) is a pyridoxal-5-phosphate (plp) dependent enzyme that catalyzes the first step in isoleucine biosynthesis. the mra_1571 of mycoba ...201728465237
preclinical development of bcg.hiva(2auxo.int), harboring an integrative expression vector, for a hiv-tb pediatric vaccine. enhancement of stability and specific hiv-1 t-cell immunity.one of the critical issues that should be addressed in the development of a bcg-based hiv vaccine is genetic plasmid stability. therefore, to address this issue we have considered using integrative vectors and the auxotrophic mutant of bcg complemented with a plasmid carrying a wild-type complementing gene. in this study, we have constructed an integrative e. coli-mycobacterial shuttle plasmid, p2auxo.hiva(int), expressing the hiv-1 clade a immunogen hiva. this shuttle vector uses an antibiotic ...201728426273
selection of single-chain variable fragments specific for mycobacterium tuberculosis esat-6 antigen using ribosome display.tuberculosis (tb) is still one of the problematic infectious diseases in developing countries, especially in iran. in the present study, we applied ribosome display technique to select single chain variable fragments (scfvs) specific for the 6-kda early secretory antigenic target (esat-6) antigen of mycobacterium tuberculosis from a mouse scfv library.201728392906
a cassette containing thiostrepton, gentamicin resistance genes, and dif sequences is effective in construction of recombinant mycobacteria.the genetic manipulation of mycobacterium tuberculosis genome is limited by the availability of selection markers. spontaneous resistance mutation rate of m. tuberculosis to the widely used kanamycin is relatively high which often leads to some false positive transformants. due to the few available markers, we have created a cassette containing thiostrepton resistance gene (tsr) for selection in m. tuberculosis and m. bovis bcg, and gentamicin resistance gene (aacc1) for escherichia coli and m. ...201728392781
mycobacterium tuberculosis dosr regulon gene rv2004c encodes a novel antigen with pro-inflammatory functions and potential diagnostic application for detection of latent tuberculosis.approximately 1.7 billion people in the world harbor latent mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) with a substantial risk of progression to clinical outcome. containment of these seed beds of mtb is essential to eliminate tuberculosis completely in high burden settings such as india. hence, there is an urgent need for the identification of new serological markers for detection or vaccine candidates to prevent latent tuberculosis infection (ltbi). dosr regulon antigens of mtb might serve as attractive ...201728694808
medicinal plants used in the treatment of tuberculosis - ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological approaches.tuberculosis is a highly infectious disease declared a global health emergency by the world health organization, with approximately one third of the world's population being latently infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. tuberculosis treatment consists in an intensive phase and a continuation phase. unfortunately, the appearance of multi drug-resistant tuberculosis, mainly due to low adherence to prescribed therapies or inefficient healthcare structures, requires at least 20months of treatme ...201728694178
systematic review and meta-analysis of the nitrate reductase assay for drug susceptibility testing of mycobacterium tuberculosis and the detection limits in liquid medium.recently, the need for rapid, reliable, and low-cost drug susceptibility testing (dst) methods has increased due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis. colorimetric methods of dst provide results more quickly than standard culture methods and are inexpensive than molecular methods. thus, colorimetric methods, such as the nitrate reductase assay (nra), are being recommended. we searched medline pubmed for reports on the nra for dst of m. tuberculosis written in englis ...201728694139
hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry as a new tool for the characterization of intact semi-synthetic glycoproteins.improved methods for detailed characterization of complex glycoproteins are required in the growing sector of biopharmaceuticals. hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (hilic) coupled to high resolution (hr) time-of-flight mass spectrometric (tof-ms) detection was examined for the characterization of intact neo-glycoproteins prepared by chemical conjugation of synthetic saccharides to the lysine residues of selected recombinant proteins. the separation performances of three different ami ...201728693734
evaluation of the relationship between marco and cd36 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis in a chinese han population.gene polymorphisms impact greatly on a person's susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (ptb). macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (marco) and cd36 are two scavenger receptors (srs) that can recognize mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) and play a key role in tuberculosis infection. gene polymorphisms of marco and cd36 may contribute to tuberculosis risk.201728693442
whole genome sequencing of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from extrapulmonary sites.tuberculosis (tb) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. extrapulmonary tuberculosis (eptb) constitutes around 15-20% of tb cases in immunocompetent individuals. extrapulmonary sites that are affected by tb include bones, lymph nodes, meningitis, pleura, and genitourinary tract. whole genome sequencing has emerged as a powerful tool to map genetic diversity among mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) isolates and identify the genomic signatures associated with drug re ...201728692415
structural and biophysical characterization of the mycobacterium tuberculosis protein rv0577, a protein associated with neutral red staining of virulent tuberculosis strains and homologue of the streptomyces coelicolor protein kbpa.mycobacterium tuberculosis protein rv0577 is a prominent antigen in tuberculosis patients, the component responsible for neutral red staining of virulent strains of m. tuberculosis, a putative component in a methylglyoxal detoxification pathway, and an agonist of toll-like receptor 2. it also has an amino acid sequence that is 36% identical to that of streptomyces coelicolor afsk-binding protein a (kbpa), a component in the complex secondary metabolite pathways in the streptomyces genus. to gain ...201728692281
the emergence of phenolic glycans as virulence factors in mycobacterium tuberculosis.tuberculosis is the leading infectious cause of mortality worldwide. the global epidemic, caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, has prompted renewed interest in the development of novel vaccines for disease prevention and control. the cell envelope of m. tuberculosis is decorated with an assortment of glycan structures, including glycolipids, that are involved in disease pathogenesis. phenolic glycolipids and the structurally related para-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives display potent immunomodu ...201728692249
case report of a lupus patient with a severe flare and miliary tuberculosis: need for proper guidelines for management.systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) is an autoimmune disease that is frequently treated with high doses of corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs. thus patients with sle are at increased risk for infections with several pathogens including mycobacterium tuberculosis. there are no established guidelines available for treatment of tuberculosis in sle patients with high disease activity due to lack of relevant studies and management based more on physician expertise. we report a case of a ...201728690859
identification of inhibitors against α-isopropylmalate synthase of mycobacterium tuberculosis using docking-mm/pbsa hybrid approach.α-isopropylmalate synthase (α-ipms) encoded by leua in mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb) is involved in the leucine biosynthesis pathway and is extremely critical for the synthesis of branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine). α-ipms activity is required not only for the proliferation of m.tb but is also indispensable for its survival during the latent phase of infection. it is absent in humans and is widely regarded as one of the validated drug targets against tuberculosis (tb ...201728690380
[diagnostic value of different detection methods for mycobacterium tuberculosis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from pulmonary tuberculosis patients].to investigate the diagnostic value of different detection methods for mycobacterium tuberculosis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
 methods: balf from100 patients in changsha central hospital from january 2013 to december 2015 was collected. among 100 patients, 65 cases were clinically diagnosed as tuberculosis, and 35 cases served as control. balf smear method, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and membrane reverse dot blot (rdb) were used for sync ...201728690221
combination of commercially available molecular assays and culture based methods in diagnosis of tuberculosis and drug resistant tuberculosis.early diagnosis of tuberculosis is of major clinical importance. among 4733 clinical specimens collected from 3363 patients and subjected to ziehl-neelsen microscopy, 4109 were inoculated onto löwenstein-jensen slants and 3139 in bactec/9000mb. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was performed in 3139 specimens, whereas, a genotypic assay was directly applied in 93 mycobacterium tuberculosis complex pcr-positive for isoniazid and rifampicin resistance detection specimens (genotype mtbdrplus). recove ...201728689813
invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma with lepidic-predominant pattern coexisted with tuberculosis: a case report.we observed a rare case of invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (ima) with a lepidic-predominant pattern accompanied by pulmonary tuberculosis. an 85-year-old man with repeated cough and sputum was admitted to xinhua hospital. t-spot test result was 212 pg/ml (reference value of negative is < 14 pg/ml), mycobacterium tuberculosis culture was positive, and tuberculin skin test (ppd) was negative (skin induration < 5 mm). the patient was treated with several courses of antibiotics and anti-tuberculosi ...201728687977
a review of eleven cases of tuberculosis presenting as sternal wound abscess after open heart surgery.sternal wound infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis is an uncommon yet highly challenging disease that can be quite insidious with various presentations. we hereby provide a review of 10 cases in current literature and describe an additional case which illustrates the difficulties associated with diagnosis.201728687049
proteomic profile of mycobacterium tuberculosis after eupomatenoid-5 induction reveals potential drug targets.we investigated a proteome profile, protein-protein interaction and morphological changes of mycobacterium tuberculosis after different times of eupomatenoid-5 (eup-5) induction to evaluate the cellular response to the drug-induced damages.201728686056
human genetic factors in tuberculosis: an update.tuberculosis (tb) is a major threat to human health, especially in many developing countries. human genetic variability has been recognised to be of great relevance in host responses to mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and in regulating both the establishment and the progression of the disease. an increasing number of candidate gene and genome-wide association studies (gwas) have focused on human genetic factors contributing to susceptibility or resistance to tb. to update previous reviews o ...201728685916
conjugated and entrapped hpma-pla nano-polymeric micelles based dual delivery of first line anti tb drugs: improved and safe drug delivery against sensitive and resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis.first line antitb drugs have several physical and toxic manifestations which limit their applications. rif is a hydrophobic drug and has low water solubility and inh is hepatotoxic. the main objective of the study was to synthesize, characterize hpma-pla co-polymeric micelles for the effective dual delivery of inh and rif.201728685299
evaluation of mycotube, a modified version of lowenstein-jensen (lj) medium, for efficient recovery of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb).timely diagnosis of tuberculosis (tb), caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), is only achieved for ~58% cases. an improved, accurate, time- and cost-effective method for bacteriological confirmation of mtb is necessary. we evaluated mycotube, a new variant of lowenstein-jensen (lj) culture medium, by comparing it with mycobacterium growth indicator tube (mgit) 960 (gold standard), local lj, and biomérieux lj-t in terms of isolation rate and time-to-growth. pulmonary and extra-pulmonary samp ...201728685188
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