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efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against malaria mosquitoes in northwestern burkina faso.in sub saharan africa malaria remains one of the major health problems and its control represents an important public health measure. integrated malaria control comprises the use of impregnated mosquito nets and indoor residual spraying. the use of drugs to treat patients can create additional pressure on the equation of malaria transmission. vector control may target the adult mosquitoes or their aquatic larval stages. biological larvicides such as bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) repre ...201425128297
emira: ecologic malaria reduction for africa--innovative tools for integrated malaria control.malaria control is based on early treatment of cases and on vector control. the current measures for malaria vector control in africa are mainly based on long-lasting insecticide treated nets (llins) and to a much smaller extent on indoor residual spraying (irs). a third pillar in the fight against the malaria vector, larval source management (lsm), has virtually not been used in africa since the ban of ddt in the 1960s. within the light of recent who recommendations for bacillus thuringiensis i ...201425377345
sequencing, de novo assembly and annotation of the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata, transcriptome.the colorado potato beetle (leptinotarsa decemlineata) is a major pest and a serious threat to potato cultivation throughout the northern hemisphere. despite its high importance for invasion biology, phenology and pest management, little is known about l. decemlineata from a genomic perspective. we subjected european l. decemlineata adult and larval transcriptome samples to 454-flx massively-parallel dna sequencing to characterize a basal set of genes from this species. we created a combined ass ...201424465841
field efficacy of vectobac gr as a mosquito larvicide for the control of anopheline and culicine mosquitoes in natural habitats in benin, west africa.the efficacy of vectobac gr (potency 200 itu/mg), a new formulation of bacterial larvicide bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis strain am65-52, was evaluated against anopheles gambiae and culex quinquefasciatus in simulated field and natural habitats in benin.201424505334
alkaline phosphatases and aminopeptidases are altered in a cry11aa resistant strain of aedes aegypti.bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) is widely used for the biological control of mosquito populations. however, the mechanism of bti toxins is still not fully understood. to further elucidate the mechanism of bti toxins, we developed an aedes aegypti resistant strain that shows high-level resistance to cry11aa toxin. after 27 selections with cry11aa toxin, the larvae showed a 124-fold resistance ratio for cry11aa (strain g30). g30 larvae showed cross-resistance to cry4aa (66-fold res ...201425242559
gene expression patterns and sequence polymorphisms associated with mosquito resistance to bacillus thuringiensis israelensis toxins.despite the intensive use of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) toxins for mosquito control, little is known about the long term effect of exposure to this cocktail of toxins on target mosquito populations. in contrast to the many cases of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins observed in other insects, there is no evidence so far for bti resistance evolution in field mosquito populations. high fitness costs measured in a bti selected mosquito laboratory strain suggest that evolv ...201425341495
bt toxin modification for enhanced efficacy.insect-specific toxins derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) provide a valuable resource for pest suppression. here we review the different strategies that have been employed to enhance toxicity against specific target species including those that have evolved resistance to bt, or to modify the host range of bt crystal (cry) and cytolytic (cyt) toxins. these strategies include toxin truncation, modification of protease cleavage sites, domain swapping, site-directed mutagenesis, peptide additi ...201425340556
evolutionary diversification of aminopeptidase n in lepidoptera by conserved clade-specific amino acid residues.members of the aminopepidase n (apn) gene family of the insect order lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) bind the naturally insecticidal cry toxins produced by the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis. phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences of seven lepidopteran apn classes provided strong support for the hypothesis that lepidopteran apn2 class arose by gene duplication prior to the most recent common ancestor of lepidoptera and diptera. the cry toxin-binding region (br) of lepidopteran and d ...201424675701
division of labour and terminal differentiation in a novel bacillus thuringiensis strain.a major challenge in bacterial developmental biology has been to understand the mechanisms underlying cell fate decisions. some differentiated cell types display cooperative behaviour. cooperation is one of the greatest mysteries of evolutionary biology and microbes have been considered as an excellent system for experimentally testing evolution theories. bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is a spore-forming bacterium, which is genetically closely related to b. anthracis, the agent of anthrax, and to b ...201425083932
aedes cadherin mediates the in vivo toxicity of the cry11aa toxin to aedes aegypti.cadherin plays an important role in the toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis cry proteins. we previously cloned a full-length cadherin from aedes aegypti larvae and reported this protein binds cry11aa toxin from b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis with high affinity, ≈16.7nm. based on these results, we investigated if aedes cadherin is involved in the in vivo toxicity of cry11aa toxin to ae. aegypti. we established a mosquito cell line stably expressing the full-length aedes cadherin and transgeni ...201425064814
evaluation of different culture media for improvement in bioinsecticides production by indigenous bacillus thuringiensis and their application against larvae of aedes aegypti.production of indigenous isolate bacillus thuringiensis sv2 (bt sv2) was checked on conventional and nonconventional carbon and nitrogen sources in shake flasks. the effects on the production of biomass, toxin production, and spore formation capability of mosquito toxic strain were determined. toxicity differs within the same strain depending on the growth medium. bt sv2 produced with pigeon pea and soya bean flour were found highly effective with lc50 < 4 ppm against larvae of aedes aegypti. th ...201424592157
aedes aegypti mos20 cells internalizes cry toxins by endocytosis, and actin has a role in the defense against cry11aa toxin.bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry toxins are used to control aedes aegypti, an important vector of dengue fever and yellow fever. bt cry toxin forms pores in the gut cells, provoking larvae death by osmotic shock. little is known, however, about the endocytic and/or degradative cell processes that may counteract the toxin action at low doses. the purpose of this work is to describe the mechanisms of internalization and detoxification of cry toxins, at low doses, into mos20 cells from a. aegypti, f ...201424476709
metagenomic analysis of the airborne environment in urban spaces.the organisms in aerosol microenvironments, especially densely populated urban areas, are relevant to maintenance of public health and detection of potential epidemic or biothreat agents. to examine aerosolized microorganisms in this environment, we performed sequencing on the material from an urban aerosol surveillance program. whole metagenome sequencing was applied to dna extracted from air filters obtained during periods from each of the four seasons. the composition of bacteria, plants, fun ...201425351142
infection routes matter in population-specific responses of the red flour beetle to the entomopathogen bacillus thuringiensis.pathogens can infect their hosts through different routes. for studying the consequences for host resistance, we here used the entomopathogen bacillus thuringiensis and the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum for oral and systemic (i. e. pricking the cuticle) experimental infection. in order to characterize the molecular mechanisms underpinning the two different infection routes, the transcriptomes of beetles of two different t. castaneum populations--one recently collected population (cro1) an ...201424908078
antibiotics influence the toxicity of the delta endotoxins of bacillus thuringiensis towards the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera.the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera is one of the most important crop pests worldwide. it has developed high levels of resistance to synthetic insecticides, and hence, bacillus thuringiensis (bt) formulations are used as a safer pesticide and the bt genes have been deployed in transgenic crops for controlling this pest. there is an apprehension that h. armigera might develop resistance to transgenic crops in future. therefore, we studied the role of gut microbes by eliminating them with an ...201425059716
bacillus thuringiensis toxins: an overview of their biocidal activity.bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is a gram positive, spore-forming bacterium that synthesizes parasporal crystalline inclusions containing cry and cyt proteins, some of which are toxic against a wide range of insect orders, nematodes and human-cancer cells. these toxins have been successfully used as bioinsecticides against caterpillars, beetles, and flies, including mosquitoes and blackflies. bt also synthesizes insecticidal proteins during the vegetative growth phase, which are subsequently secrete ...201425514092
invasive process and repeated cross-sectional surveys of the mosquito aedes japonicus japonicus establishment in belgium.when accidentally introduced in a new location, a species does not necessarily readily become invasive, but it usually needs several years to adapt to its new environment. in 2009, a national mosquito survey (modirisk) reported the introduction and possible establishment of an invasive mosquito species, aedes j. japonicus, in belgium. first collected in 2002 in the village of natoye from a second-hand tire company, then sampled in 2003 and 2004, the presence of adults and larvae was confirmed in ...201424694576
draft genome sequences of two bacillus thuringiensis strains and characterization of a putative 41.9-kda insecticidal toxin.in this work, we report the genome sequencing of two bacillus thuringiensis strains using illumina next-generation sequencing technology (ngs). strain hu4-2, toxic to many lepidopteran pest species and to some mosquitoes, encoded genes for two insecticidal crystal (cry) proteins, cry1ia and cry9ea, and a vegetative insecticidal protein (vip) gene, vip3ca2. strain leapi01 contained genes coding for seven cry proteins (cry1aa, cry1ca, cry1da, cry2ab, cry9ea and two cry1ia gene variants) and a vip3 ...201424784323
the cry toxin operon of clostridium bifermentans subsp. malaysia is highly toxic to aedes larval mosquitoes.the management and control of mosquito vectors of human disease currently rely primarily on chemical insecticides. however, larvicidal treatments can be effective, and if based on biological insecticides, they can also ameliorate the risk posed to human health by chemical insecticides. the aerobic bacteria bacillus thuringiensis and lysinibacillus sphaericus have been used for vector control for a number of decades. but a more cost-effective use would be an anaerobic bacterium because of the eas ...201425002432
phages preying on bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis: past, present and future.many bacteriophages (phages) have been widely studied due to their major role in virulence evolution of bacterial pathogens. however, less attention has been paid to phages preying on bacteria from the bacillus cereus group and their contribution to the bacterial genetic pool has been disregarded. therefore, this review brings together the main information for the b. cereus group phages, from their discovery to their modern biotechnological applications. a special focus is given to phages infect ...201425010767
diffusible signal factor (dsf) quorum sensing signal and structurally related molecules enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of antibiotics against some bacterial pathogens.extensive use of antibiotics has fostered the emergence of superbugs that are resistant to multidrugs, which becomes a great healthcare and public concern. previous studies showed that quorum sensing signal dsf (diffusible signal factor) not only modulates bacterial antibiotic resistance through intraspecies signaling, but also affects bacterial antibiotic tolerance through interspecies communication. these findings motivate us to exploit the possibility of using dsf and its structurally related ...201424575808
activation of gab cluster transcription in bacillus thuringiensis by γ-aminobutyric acid or succinic semialdehyde is mediated by the sigma 54-dependent transcriptional activator gabr.bacillus thuringiensis gabr is a sigma 54-dependent transcriptional activator containing three typical domains, an n-terminal regulatory domain per-arnt-sim (pas), a central aaa(+) (atpases associated with different cellular activities) domain and a c-terminal helix-turn-helix (hth) dna binding domain. gabr positively regulates the expression of the gabt gene of the gab gene cluster, which is responsible for the γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba) shunt.201425527261
structural and biophysical characterization of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins cry34ab1 and cry35ab1.bacillus thuringiensis strains are well known for the production of insecticidal proteins upon sporulation and these proteins are deposited in parasporal crystalline inclusions. the majority of these insect-specific toxins exhibit three domains in the mature toxin sequence. however, other cry toxins are structurally and evolutionarily unrelated to this three-domain family and little is known of their three dimensional structures, limiting our understanding of their mechanisms of action and our a ...201425390338
alternative splicing and highly variable cadherin transcripts associated with field-evolved resistance of pink bollworm to bt cotton in india.evolution of resistance by insect pests can reduce the benefits of insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) that are used extensively in sprays and transgenic crops. despite considerable knowledge of the genes conferring insect resistance to bt toxins in laboratory-selected strains and in field populations exposed to bt sprays, understanding of the genetic basis of field-evolved resistance to bt crops remains limited. in particular, previous work has not identified the genes confer ...201424840729
common virulence factors and tissue targets of entomopathogenic bacteria for biological control of lepidopteran pests.this review focuses on common insecticidal virulence factors from entomopathogenic bacteria with special emphasis on two insect pathogenic bacteria photorhabdus (proteobacteria: enterobacteriaceae) and bacillus (firmicutes: bacillaceae). insect pathogenic bacteria of diverse taxonomic groups and phylogenetic origin have been shown to have striking similarities in the virulence factors they produce. it has been suggested that the detection of phage elements surrounding toxin genes, horizontal and ...201424634779
bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and its dipteran-specific toxins.bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) is the first bacillus thuringiensis to be found and used as an effective biological control agent against larvae of many mosquito and black fly species around the world. its larvicidal activity resides in four major (of 134, 128, 72 and 27 kda) and at least two minor (of 78 and 29 kda) polypeptides encoded respectively by cry4aa, cry4ba, cry11aa, cyt1aa, cry10aa and cyt2ba, all mapped on the 128 kb plasmid known as pbtoxis. these six δ-endotoxins f ...201424686769
pen and pal are nucleotide-sugar dehydratases that convert udp-glcnac to udp-6-deoxy-d-glcnac-5,6-ene and then to udp-4-keto-6-deoxy-l-altnac for cmp-pseudaminic acid synthesis in bacillus thuringiensis.cmp-pseudaminic acid is a precursor required for the o-glycosylation of flagellin in some pathogenic gram-negative bacteria, a process known to be critical in bacterial motility and infection. however, little is known about flagellin glycosylation in gram-positive bacteria. here, we identified and functionally characterized an operon, named bti_pse, in bacillus thuringiensis israelensis atcc 35646, which encodes seven different enzymes that together convert udp-glcnac to cmp-pseudaminic acid. in ...201425414257
ingestibility, digestibility, and engineered biological control potential of flavobacterium hibernum, isolated from larval mosquito habitats.flavobacterium hibernum, isolated from larval habitats of the eastern tree hole mosquito, a. triseriatus, remained suspended in the larval feeding zone much longer (8 days) than other bacteria. autofluorescent protein markers were developed for the labeling of f. hibernum with a strong flavobacterial expression system. green fluorescent protein (gfp)-tagged f. hibernum cells were quickly consumed by larval mosquitoes at an ingestion rate of 9.5 × 10(4)/larva/h. the ingested f. hibernum cells wer ...201424296502
functional screening of metagenome and genome libraries for detection of novel flavonoid-modifying enzymes.the functional detection of novel enzymes other than hydrolases from metagenomes is limited since only a very few reliable screening procedures are available that allow the rapid screening of large clone libraries. for the discovery of flavonoid-modifying enzymes in genome and metagenome clone libraries, we have developed a new screening system based on high-performance thin-layer chromatography (hptlc). this metagenome extract thin-layer chromatography analysis (meta) allows the rapid detection ...201323686272
promise for plant pest control: root-associated pseudomonads with insecticidal activities.insects are an important and probably the most challenging pest to control in agriculture, in particular when they feed on belowground parts of plants. the application of synthetic pesticides is problematic owing to side effects on the environment, concerns for public health and the rapid development of resistance. entomopathogenic bacteria, notably bacillus thuringiensis and photorhabdus/xenorhabdus species, are promising alternatives to chemical insecticides, for they are able to efficiently k ...201323914197
structural studies of a bacterial trna(his) guanylyltransferase (thg1)-like protein, with nucleotide in the activation and nucleotidyl transfer sites.all nucleotide polymerases and transferases catalyze nucleotide addition in a 5' to 3' direction. in contrast, trna(his) guanylyltransferase (thg1) enzymes catalyze the unusual reverse addition (3' to 5') of nucleotides to polynucleotide substrates. in eukaryotes, thg1 enzymes use the 3'-5' addition activity to add g-1 to the 5'-end of trna(his), a modification required for efficient aminoacylation of the trna by the histidyl-trna synthetase. thg1-like proteins (tlps) are found in archaea, bacte ...201323844012
extended genetic analysis of brazilian isolates of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis.multiple locus sequence typing (mlst) was undertaken to extend the genetic characterization of 29 isolates of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis previously characterized in terms of presence/absence of sequences encoding virulence factors and via variable number tandem repeat (vntr). additional analysis involved polymerase chain reaction for the presence of sequences (be, cytk, ina, pag, lef, cya and cap), encoding putative virulence factors, not investigated in the earlier study. mlst a ...201323440117
insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis cry1bh1 against ostrinia nubilalis (hubner) (lepidoptera: crambidae) and other lepidopteran pests.bacillus thuringiensis is an important source of insect resistance traits in commercial crops. in an effort to prolong b. thuringiensis trait durability, insect resistance management programs often include combinations of insecticidal proteins that are not cross resistant or have demonstrable differences in their site of action as a means to mitigate the development of resistant insect populations. in this report, we describe the activity spectrum of a novel b. thuringiensis cry protein, cry1bh1 ...201324077715
efficacy of genetically modified bt toxins alone and in combinations against pink bollworm resistant to cry1ac and cry2ab.evolution of resistance in pests threatens the long-term efficacy of insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) used in sprays and transgenic crops. previous work showed that genetically modified bt toxins cry1abmod and cry1acmod effectively countered resistance to native bt toxins cry1ab and cry1ac in some pests, including pink bollworm (pectinophora gossypiella). here we report that cry1abmod and cry1acmod were also effective against a laboratory-selected strain of pink bollworm re ...201324244692
combining hexanoic acid plant priming with bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal activity against colorado potato beetle.interaction between insect herbivores and host plants can be modulated by endogenous and exogenous compounds present in the source of food and might be successfully exploited in colorado potato beetle (cpb) pest management. feeding tests with cpb larvae reared on three solanaceous plants (potato, eggplant and tomato) resulted in variable larval growth rates and differential susceptibility to bacillus thuringiensis cry3aa toxin as a function of the host plant. an inverse correlation with toxicity ...201323743826
bacillus thuringiensis cry34ab1/cry35ab1 interactions with western corn rootworm midgut membrane binding sites.bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry34ab1/cry35ab1 are binary insecticidal proteins that are co-expressed in transgenic corn hybrids for control of western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte. bt crystal (cry) proteins with limited potential for field-relevant cross-resistance are used in combination, along with non-transgenic corn refuges, as a strategy to delay development of resistant rootworm populations. differences in insect midgut membrane binding site interactions are one li ...201323308139
a spodoptera exigua cadherin serves as a putative receptor for bacillus thuringiensis cry1ca toxin and shows differential enhancement of cry1ca and cry1ac toxicity.crystal toxin cry1ca from bacillus thuringiensis has an insecticidal spectrum encompassing lepidopteran insects that are tolerant to current commercially used b. thuringiensis crops (bt crops) expressing cry1a toxins and may be useful as a potential bioinsecticide. the mode of action of cry1a is fairly well understood. however, whether cry1ca interacts with the same receptor proteins as cry1a remains unproven. in the present paper, we first cloned a cadherin-like gene, secad1b, from spodoptera e ...201323835184
identification and characterization of three previously undescribed crystal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan.the total protoxin complement in the parasporal body of mosquitocidal strain, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan 367, was determined by use of a polyacrylamide gel block coupled to mass spectrometry. a total of eight protoxins were identified from this strain, including five reported protoxins (cry11ba, cry19aa, cry24aa, cry25aa, and cyt2bb), as well as three previously undescribed (cry30ca, cry60aa, and cry60ba) in this isolate. it was interesting that the encoding genes of three new prot ...201323524673
the susceptibility of aedes aegypti populations displaying temephos resistance to bacillus thuringiensis israelensis: a basis for management.aedes aegypti is the vector of dengue virus, and its control is essential to prevent disease transmission. among the agents available to control this species, biolarvicides based on bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (bti) are an effective alternative to replace the organophosphate temephos for controlling populations that display resistance to this insecticide. the major goal of this study was to determine the baseline susceptibility of brazilian ae. aegypti populations to bti, taking i ...201324499507
bacillus thuringiensis is an environmental pathogen and host-specificity has developed as an adaptation to human-generated ecological niches.bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has been used successfully as a biopesticide for more than 60 years. more recently, genes encoding their toxins have been used to transform plants and other organisms. despite the large amount of research on this bacterium, its true ecology is still a matter of debate, with two major viewpoints dominating: while some understand bt as an insect pathogen, others see it as a saprophytic bacteria from soil. in this context, bt's pathogenicity to other taxa and the possibi ...201326462580
characterization of a chitin-binding protein from bacillus thuringiensis hd-1.strains of bacillus thuringiensis produce insecticidal proteins. these strains have been isolated from diverse ecological niches, such as soil, phylloplane, insect cadavers and grain dust. to effectively propagate, these strains produce a range of molecules that facilitate its multiplication in a competing environment. in this report, we have examined synthesis of a chitin-binding protein and evaluated its effect on fungi encountered in environment and its interaction with insecticidal proteins ...201323824872
mosquitocidal properties of bacillus species isolated from mangroves of vellar estuary, southeast coast of india.samples collected from the mangroves of vellar estuary yielded a mosquitocidal bacterium, whose secondary metabolites exhibited mosquito larvicidal and pupicidal activity. the bacterium was isolated using standard microbiological methods and identified using classical biochemical tests. the mosquitocidal bacterium was identified as bacillus subtilis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus sphaericus and bacillus cereus. mosquitocidal metabolite(s) was separated from the culture supernatant of the bact ...201326345039
does changing the predicted dynamics of a phospholipase c alter activity and membrane binding?the enzymatic activity of secreted phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) enzymes is associated with bacterial virulence. although the pi-plc active site has no obvious lid, molecular-dynamics simulations suggest that correlated loop motions may limit access to the active site, and two pro residues, pro(245) and pro(254), are associated with these correlated motions. whereas the region containing both pro residues is quite variable among pi-plcs, it shows high conservation in vir ...201323332071
new role for dcr-1/dicer in caenorhabditis elegans innate immunity against the highly virulent bacterium bacillus thuringiensis db27.bacillus thuringiensis produces toxins that target invertebrates, including caenorhabditis elegans. virulence of bacillus strains is often highly specific, such that b. thuringiensis strain db27 is highly pathogenic to c. elegans but shows no virulence for another model nematode, pristionchus pacificus. to uncover the underlying mechanisms of the differential responses of the two nematodes to b. thuringiensis db27 and to reveal the c. elegans defense mechanisms against this pathogen, we conducte ...201323918784
retargeting of the bacillus thuringiensis toxin cyt2aa against hemipteran insect pests.although transgenic crops expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins have been used successfully for management of lepidopteran and coleopteran pest species, the sap-sucking insects (hemiptera) are not particularly susceptible to bt toxins. to overcome this limitation, we demonstrate that addition of a short peptide sequence selected for binding to the gut of the targeted pest species serves to increase toxicity against said pest. insertion of a 12-aa pea aphid gut-binding peptide by adding t ...201323650347
transcriptome of the lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) larval midgut in response to infection by bacillus thuringiensis.transcriptomic profiles of the serious lepidopteran insect pest lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) were characterized in the larval midgut in response to infection by bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki, a biopesticide commonly used for its control. rna-seq approaches were used to define a set of 49,613 assembled transcript sequences, of which 838, 1,248 and 3,305 were respectively partitioned into high-, mid- and low-quality tiers on the basis of homology information. digital gene expression profiles su ...201323658687
role of upr pathway in defense response of aedes aegypti against cry11aa toxin from bacillus thuringiensis.the insecticidal cry toxins are pore-forming toxins produced by the bacteria bacillus thuringiensis that disrupt insect-midgut cells. cells can trigger different survival mechanisms to counteract the effects of sub-lytic doses of pore forming toxins. particularly, two signaling pathways have been demonstrated to play a role in the defense mechanism to other toxins in caenorhabditis elegans and in mammalian cells. these are the unfolded protein response (upr) and the sterol regulatory element bin ...201323594997
bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis misting for control of aedes in cryptic ground containers in north queensland, australia.in australia, dengue is not endemic, although the vector mosquito aedes aegypti is established in far north queensland (fnq). aedes albopictus has recently invaded the torres strait region, but is not established on mainland australia. to maintain dengue-free, public health departments in fnq closely monitor introduced dengue infections and confine outbreaks through rigorous vector control responses. to safeguard mainland australia from ae. albopictus establishment, pre-emptive strategies are re ...201323358637
proteome response of tribolium castaneum larvae to bacillus thuringiensis toxin producing strains.susceptibility of tribolium castaneum (tc) larvae was determined against spore-crystal mixtures of five coleopteran specific and one lepidopteran specific bacillus thuringiensis cry toxin producing strains and those containing the structurally unrelated cry3ba and cry23aa/cry37aa proteins were found toxic (lc(50) values 13.53 and 6.30 µg spore-crystal mixture/µl flour disc, respectively). using itraq combined with lc-ms/ms allowed the discovery of seven novel differentially expressed proteins in ...201323372850
comprehensive analysis of gene expression profiles of the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua larvae challenged with bacillus thuringiensis vip3aa toxin.host-pathogen interactions result in complex relationship, many aspects of which are not completely understood. vip proteins, which are bacillus thuringensis (bt) insecticidal toxins produced during the vegetative stage, are selectively effective against specific insect pests. this new group of bt proteins represents an interesting alternative to the classical bt cry toxins because current data suggests that they do not share the same mode of action. we have designed and developed a genome-wide ...201324312604
membrane binding and oligomer membrane insertion are necessary but insufficient for bacillus thuringiensis cyt1aa toxicity.bacillus thuringiensis cyt proteins are pore-forming toxins that have insecticidal activity mainly against dipteran insects. however, certain cyt proteins have toxicity to some insect orders, but not toxicity of cyt1aa against lepidopteran larvae has been found. insect specificity has been proposed to rely in specific binding to certain lipids on the brush border membrane of midgut cells since no protein receptors have been described so far. to determine the molecular basis of cyt1aa insect spec ...201324512949
mtx toxins from lysinibacillus sphaericus enhance mosquitocidal cry-toxin activity and suppress cry-resistance in culex quinquefasciatus.the interaction of mtx toxins from lysinibacillus sphaericus (formerly bacillus sphaericus) with bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis cry toxins and the influence of such interactions on cry-resistance were evaluated in susceptible and cry-resistant culex quinquefasciatus larvae. mtx-1 and mtx-2 were observed to be active against both susceptible and resistant mosquitoes; however varying levels of cross-resistance toward mtx toxins were observed in the resistant mosquitoes. a 1:1 mixture of ...201324144574
a 104 kda aedes aegypti aminopeptidase n is a putative receptor for the cry11aa toxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis.the cry11aa protein produced in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, a bacterial strain used worldwide for the control of aedes aegypti larvae, binds midgut brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) with an apparent k(d) of 29.8 nm. previously an aminopeptidase n (apn), named aaeapn2, was identified as a putative cry11aa toxin binding protein by pull-down assays using biotinylated cry11aa toxin (chen et al., 2009. insect biochem. mol. biol. 39, 688-696). here we show this protein localizes to ...201324128608
immune-related transcriptome of coptotermes formosanus shiraki workers: the defense mechanism.formosan subterranean termites, coptotermes formosanus shiraki, live socially in microbial-rich habitats. to understand the molecular mechanism by which termites combat pathogenic microbes, a full-length normalized cdna library and four suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) libraries were constructed from termite workers infected with entomopathogenic fungi (metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana), gram-positive bacillus thuringiensis and gram-negative escherichia coli, and the libr ...201323874972
occurrence of bacillus thuringiensis and their phages in yemen soil.bacillus thuringiensis (bt) isolates were found in all samples of soil in nine governorates of yemen. from 384 isolates of bacillus recovered from these soil samples after acetate selection, 104 isolates (27.1 %) were bt. five isolates of bt were selected and insecticidal activity was tested against culex pipiens, callosobruchus maculatus and spodoptera littoralis. the bt isolate yh18 gave toxicity to all tested insects larvae. this study extended to isolate phages active against the selected bt ...201324426317
use of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis as a viable option in an integrated malaria vector control programme in the kumasi metropolis, ghana.integrated vector control (ivc) remains the approach for managing the malaria-causing vector. the study investigated the contribution of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) in the control of malaria by targeting the larvae and also mapped and documented major breeding sites in the kumasi metropolis, ghana.201323607376
konagabase: a genomic and transcriptomic database for the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella.the diamondback moth (dbm), plutella xylostella, is one of the most harmful insect pests for crucifer crops worldwide. dbm has rapidly evolved high resistance to most conventional insecticides such as pyrethroids, organophosphates, fipronil, spinosad, bacillus thuringiensis, and diamides. therefore, it is important to develop genomic and transcriptomic dbm resources for analysis of genes related to insecticide resistance, both to clarify the mechanism of resistance of dbm and to facilitate the d ...201323837716
dynamics of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and lysinibacillus sphaericus spores in urban catch basins after simultaneous application against mosquito larvae.bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) and lysinibacillus sphaericus (lsph) are extensively used in mosquito control programs. these biocides are the active ingredients of a commercial larvicide. quantitative data on the fate of both bti and lsph applied together for the control of mosquitoes in urban drainage structures such as catch basins are lacking. we evaluated the dynamics and persistence of bti and lsph spores released through their concomitant application in urban catch basins in ...201323390547
oligomerization is a key step in cyt1aa membrane insertion and toxicity but not necessary to synergize cry11aa toxicity in aedes aegypti larvae.bacillus thuringiensis produces insecticidal cry and cyt proteins that are toxic to different insect orders. in addition, cyt toxins also display haemolytic activity. both toxins are pore-forming proteins that form oligomeric structures that insert into the target membrane to lyse cells. cyt toxins play an important role in mosquitocidal activity since they synergize cry toxins and are able to overcome resistance to cry toxins. cry and cyt toxins interact by specific epitopes, and this interacti ...201324112611
investigating the genetics of bti resistance using mrna tag sequencing: application on laboratory strains and natural populations of the dengue vector aedes aegypti.mosquito control is often the main method used to reduce mosquito-transmitted diseases. in order to investigate the genetic basis of resistance to the bio-insecticide bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti), we used information on polymorphism obtained from cdna tag sequences from pooled larvae of laboratory bti-resistant and susceptible aedes aegypti mosquito strains to identify and analyse 1520 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps). of the 372 snps tested, 99.2% were validated using d ...201324187584
in silico identification of cross affinity towards cry1ac pesticidal protein with receptor enzyme in bos taurus and sequence, structure analysis of crystal proteins for stability.any novel protein introduced into the gm crops need to be evaluated for cross affinity on living organisms. many researchers are currently focusing on the impact of bacillus thuringiensis cotton on soil and microbial diversity by field experiments. in spite of this, in silico approach might be helpful to elucidate the impact of cry genes. the crystal a protein which was produced by bt at the time of sporulation has been used as a biological pesticide to target the insectivorous pests like cry1ac ...201324023423
indica rice cultivar irga 424, transformed with cry genes of b. thuringiensis, provided high resistance against spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae).plant expression of the entomopathogenic bacteria bacillus thuringiensis cry gene has reduced the damage created by insect pests in several economically important cultures. for this study, we have conducted genetic transformation of the indica rice "irga 424", via agrobacterium tumefaciens, using the b. thuringiensis cry1aa and cry1b genes, with the objective of obtaining rice plants resistant to the insect pests from this culture. the gene constructions harbor the promoters maize proteinase inh ...201324498761
norway spruce (picea abies) genetic transformation with modified cry3a gene of bacillus thuringiensis.modified versions of the cry3a gene of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) were transferred into norway spruce (picea abies). both the biolistic approach and agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated procedure were employed for transformation of embryogenic tissue (et) cultures. the latter method proved to be more efficient yielding 70 transgenic embryogenic tissue lines compared with 18 lines obtained by biolistics. the modified cry3a genes were driven by a 35s promoter and the nptii screenable selection mark ...201323888296
chloroplast-targeted expression of the codon-optimized truncated cry1ah gene in transgenic tobacco confers a high level of protection against insects.the study of insect-resistant transgenic tobacco provides a good foundation for the further application of the cry1ah gene in other important crops. to improve transgene expression levels and insect resistance, the coding sequence of the novel bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal gene cry1ah (truncated cry1ah) was modified according to the codon bias of the plant by increasing its gc content from the original 37 % to 48, 55, and 63 % (designated m1-cry1ah, m2-cry1ah, and m3-cry1ah, respectively). ...201323620344
purification and biochemical characterization of a highly thermostable bacteriocin isolated from brevibacillus brevis strain gm100.a bacteriocin-producing (11,000 au ml(-1)) strain was isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy algerian plants ononis angustissima lam., and identified as brevibacillus brevis strain gm100. the bacteriocin, called bac-gm100, was purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant, and, based on maldi-tof/ms analysis, was a monomer protein with a molecular mass of 4375.66 da. the 21 n-terminal residues of bac-gm100 displayed 65% homology with thurincin h from bacillus thuringiensis. bac-gm100 wa ...201323291759
bacillus subtilis strain engineered for treatment of soil-transmitted helminth diseases.soil-transmitted helminths (hookworms, whipworms, and large roundworms) are agents of intestinal roundworm diseases of poverty that infect upwards of 2 billion people worldwide. a great challenge in treating these diseases is the development of anthelmintic therapeutics that are inexpensive, can be produced in great quantity, and are capable of delivery under varied and adverse environmental conditions. a potential solution to this challenge is the use of live bacteria that are acceptable for hu ...201323835175
antimicrobial activity of a honeybee (apis cerana) venom kazal-type serine protease inhibitor.insect-derived kazal-type serine protease inhibitors exhibit thrombin, elastase, plasmin, proteinase k, or subtilisin a inhibition activity, but so far, no functional roles for bee-derived kazal-type serine protease inhibitors have been identified. in this study, a bee (apis cerana) venom kazal-type serine protease inhibitor (acktspi) that acts as a microbial serine protease inhibitor was identified. acktspi contained a single kazal domain that displayed six conserved cysteine residues and a p1 ...201324076031
potentiating 1-(2-hydroxypropyl)-2-styryl-5-nitroimidazole derivatives against antibacterial agents: design, synthesis and biology analysis.a series of novel 1-(2-hydroxypropyl)-2-styryl-5-nitroimidazole derivatives had been designed, synthesized, isolated and evaluated as potentiators of antibacterial agents. all these synthesized compounds were determined by elemental analysis, (1)h nmr, and ms. their biological activities were also evaluated against two gram-negative bacterial strains: escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa and two gram-positive bacterial strains: bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus subtilis by mtt method as ...201323770447
antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of cichorium intybus root extract using orthogonal matrix design.solvent, impregnation time, sonication repetitions, and ultrasonic power were important factors in the process of ultrasound-assisted extraction from chicory (cichorium intybus) root, while there were no studies about optimizing these 4 factors for extract yield, total phenolic content (tpc), antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activity of the extracts using orthogonal matrix design. the present research demonstrated that the solvent composition played a significant role in the improving ...201323387896
in vitro cr(vi) reduction by cell-free extracts of chromate-reducing bacteria isolated from tannery effluent irrigated soil.four efficient cr(vi)-reducing bacterial strains were isolated from rhizospheric soil of plants irrigated with tannery effluent and investigated for in vitro cr(vi) reduction. based on 16s rrna gene sequencing, the isolated strains sucr44, sucr140, sucr186, and sucr188 were identified as bacillus sp. (jn674188), microbacterium sp. (jn674183), bacillus thuringiensis (jn674184), and bacillus subtilis (jn674195), respectively. all four isolates could completely reduce cr(vi) in culture media at 0.2 ...201322983604
complete genome of bacillus thuringiensis myophage bigbertha.bigbertha is a myophage of bacillus thuringiensis, a widely used biocontrol agent that is active against many insect pests of plants. here, we present the complete annotated genome of bigbertha. the genome shares 85.9% sequence identity with bacillus cereus phage b4.201324309723
pcr detection of cytk gene in bacillus cereus group strains isolated from food samples.a method for detection of the cytotoxin k cytk structural gene and its active promoter preceded by the plcr-binding box, controlling the expression level of this enterotoxin, was developed. the method was applied for the purpose of the analysis of 47 bacterial strains belonging to the bacillus cereus group isolated from different food products. it was found that the majority of the analyzed strains carried the fully functional cytk gene with its plcr regulated promoter. the cytk gene was not det ...201324060693
pgiak1, a heavy metal resistant plasmid from an obligate alkaliphilic and halotolerant bacterium isolated from the antarctic concordia station confined environment.pgiak1 is a 38-kb plasmid originating from the obligate alkaliphilic and halotolerant bacillaceae strain jmak1. the strain was originally isolated from the confined environments of the antarctic concordia station. analysis of the pgiak1 38,362-bp sequence revealed that, in addition to its replication region, this plasmid contains the genetic determinants for cadmium and arsenic resistances, putative methyltransferase, tyrosine recombinase, spore coat protein and potassium transport protein, as w ...201324009682
polyphosphate storage during sporulation in the gram-negative bacterium acetonema longum.using electron cryotomography, we show that the gram-negative sporulating bacterium acetonema longum synthesizes high-density storage granules at the leading edges of engulfing membranes. the granules appear in the prespore and increase in size and number as engulfment proceeds. typically, a cluster of 8 to 12 storage granules closely associates with the inner spore membrane and ultimately accounts for ∼7% of the total volume in mature spores. energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (edx) analyses ...201323813732
[transcriptional regulation of exosporium basal layer structural gene exsb in bacillus thuringiensis by sigmak and gere].to identify the transcriptional regulation of exosporium basal layer structural gene exsb in bacillus thuringiensis.201323678570
identification of tet45, a tetracycline efflux pump, from a poultry-litter-exposed soil isolate and persistence of tet(45) in the soil.to characterize a tetracycline resistance (tc(r)) determinant, closely related to the tetl efflux pump, in a bhargavaea cecembensis strain previously isolated from a poultry-litter-impacted soil.201323595824
genetic diversity of bacillus thuringiensis from different geo-ecological regions of ukraine by analyzing the 16s rrna and gyrb genes and by ap-pcr and saaflp.the bacillus cereus group consists of closely related species of bacteria and is of interest to researchers due to its importance in industry and medicine. however, it remains difficult to distinguish these bacteria at the intra- and inter-species level. bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is a member of the b. cereus group. in this work, we studied the inter-species structure of five entomopathogenic strains and 20 isolates of bt, which were collected from different geo-ecological regions of ukraine, u ...201323556134
activity of the bacillus thuringiensis nprr-nprx cell-cell communication system is co-ordinated to the physiological stage through a complex transcriptional regulation.nprr is a quorum sensor of the rnpp family found in bacteria of the bacillus cereus group. in association with its cognate peptide nprx, nprr controls the expression of genes essential for survival and sporulation of bacillus thuringiensis during its necrotrophic development in insects. here, we report that the nprr-nprx genes are not autoregulated and are co-transcribed from a σ(a) -dependent promoter (pa ) located upstream from nprr. the transcription from pa starts at the onset of the station ...201323388036
inactivation of foodborne pathogens in ground beef by cooking with highly controlled radio frequency energy.the consumer demand for fresh tasting, high quality, low salt, preservative-free meals which require minimal preparation time magnifies the safety concern and emphasizes the need to use innovative technologies for food processing. a modern technique to uniformly heat and cook foods is based on a combination of convection and controlled radio frequency (rf) energy. however any advantage conferred on meat cooked by this method would be lost if application of the technology results in decreased saf ...201323290228
bacillus thuringiensis-derived cry5b has potent anthelmintic activity against ascaris suum.ascaris suum and ascaris lumbricoides are two closely related geo-helminth parasites that ubiquitously infect pigs and humans, respectively. ascaris suum infection in pigs is considered a good model for a. lumbricoides infection in humans because of a similar biology and tissue migration to the intestines. ascaris lumbricoides infections in children are associated with malnutrition, growth and cognitive stunting, immune defects, and, in extreme cases, life-threatening blockage of the digestive t ...201323818995
use of silkworms to evaluate the pathogenicity of bacteria attached to cedar pollen.injection of a japanese cedar pollen suspension into silkworm hemolymph kills the silkworms. a certain species of bacteria proliferated in the hemolymph of the dead silkworms. a 16s rdna analysis demonstrated that the proliferating bacteria were bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus weihenstephanensis, and bacillus amyloliquefaciens. among them, b. cereus, b. thuringiensis, and b. weihenstephanensis exhibited hemolysis against sheep red blood cells and were lethal to mice. a culture ...201324071577
characterisation and profiling of bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus and bacillus licheniformis by maldi-tof mass fingerprinting.the bacillus genus includes species such as bacillus cereus, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis, some of which may be pathogenic or causative agents in the spoilage of food products. the main goal of this work was to apply matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight (maldi-tof) mass fingerprinting to the classification of these bacillus species. genetic analyses were also compared to phyloproteomic analyses. a collection of 57 bacillus strains isolated from fresh and pro ...201323200657
effect of silver nanoparticles on oryza sativa l. and its rhizosphere bacteria.silver nanoparticles (agnps) are widely used as antibacterial and antifungal agents in agriculture. nevertheless, these nanoparticles with newborn properties pose a potential risk to the environment, due to contact with crops and bacteria that are beneficial to the soil. this study is based on the examination of the phytotoxic effects of agnps on oryza sativa l. and some of its rhizosphere bacteria, by physiological and biochemical assays. in order to study the complex interaction of the agnps l ...201323174269
d-cycloserine or similar physiochemical compounds may be uniquely suited for use in bacillus anthracis spore decontamination strategies.as observed in the aftermath of the anthrax attacks of 2001, decontamination and remediation of a site contaminated by the accidental or intentional release of bacillus anthracis spores is difficult, costly and potentially damaging to the environment. the identification of novel strategies that neutralize the threat of spores while minimizing environmental damage remains a high priority. we investigated the efficacy of d-cycloserine (dcs), an antibiotic and inhibitor of the spore-associated enzy ...201323927578
differentiation of strains from the bacillus cereus group by rflp-pfge genomic fingerprinting.bacillus mycoides, bacillus pseudomycoides, bacillus weihenstephanensis, bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis, and bacillus cereus belong to the b. cereus group. the last three species are characterized by different phenotype features and pathogenicity spectrum, but it has been shown that these species are genetically closely related. the macrorestriction analysis of the genomic dna with the noti enzyme was used to generate polymorphism of restriction profiles for 39 food-borne isolates (b ...201323893780
decontamination of materials contaminated with bacillus anthracis and bacillus thuringiensis al hakam spores using pes-solid, a solid source of peracetic acid.to develop test methods and evaluate survival of bacillus anthracis ames, b. anthracis ∆sterne and b. thuringiensis al hakam spores after exposure to pes-solid (a solid source of peracetic acid), including pes-solid formulations with bacteriostatic surfactants.201323692445
differentiation of bacillus anthracis, b. cereus, and b. thuringiensis on the basis of the csab gene reflects host source.csab gene analysis clustered 198 strains of bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis into two groups related to mammalian and insect hosts, respectively. mammal-related group i strains also have more s-layer homology (slh) protein genes than group ii strains. this indicates that csab-based differentiation reflects selective pressure from animal hosts.201323563945
diversity of thermal ecotypes and potential pathotypes of bacillus thuringiensis soil isolates.ecological diversification of bacillus thuringiensis soil isolates was examined to determine whether bacteria adapted to grow at low temperature and/or potentially pathogenic correspond to genetically distinct lineages. altogether, nine phylogenetic lineages were found among bacilli originating from north-eastern poland (n = 24) and lithuania (n = 25) using multi-locus sequence typing. this clustering was chiefly confirmed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. one third of the bacilli were found ...201323521504
bacillus weihenstephanensis characteristics are present in bacillus cereus and bacillus mycoides strains.the bacillus cereus group comprises seven bacterial species: bacillus cereus, bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, bacillus pseudomycoides, bacillus cytotoxicus, and bacillus weihenstephanensis. bacillus weihenstephanensis is distinguished based on its capability to grow at 7 °c but not at 43 °c, and the presence of specific signature sequences in the 16s rrna and cspa genes and in several housekeeping genes: glpf, gmk, purh, and tpi. bacillus weihenstephanensis-specifi ...201323413955
role of mechanical vs. chemical action in the removal of adherent bacillus spores during cip procedures.this study was designed to evaluate the respective roles of mechanical and chemical effects on the removal of bacillus spores during cleaning-in-place. this analysis was performed on 12 strains belonging to the bacillus cereus group (b. cereus, bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis) or to less related bacillus species (bacillus pumilus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus sporothermodurans, bacillus subtilis). adherent spores were subjected to rinsing-in-place (mechanical action) and cleaning- ...201323200646
multilocus sequence analysis of bacillus thuringiensis serovars navarrensis, bolivia and vazensis and bacillus weihenstephanensis reveals a common phylogeny.the bacillus cereus group sensu lato includes six closely-related bacterial species: bacillus cereus, bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, bacillus pseudomycoides and bacillus weihenstephanensis. b. thuringiensis is distinguished from the other species mainly by the appearance of an inclusion body upon sporulation. b. weihenstephanensis is distinguished based on its psychrotolerance and the presence of specific signature sequences in the 16s rrna gene and cspa genes. a ...201323073664
an amoeba phagocytosis model reveals a novel developmental switch in the insect pathogen bacillus thuringiensis.the bacillus cereus group bacteria contain pathogens of economic and medical importance. from security and health perspectives, the lethal mammalian pathogen bacillus anthracis remains a serious threat. in addition the potent insect pathogen bacillus thuringiensis is extensively used as a biological control agent for insect pests. this relies upon the industrial scale induction of bacterial spore formation with the associated production of orally toxic cry-toxins. understanding the ecology and p ...201322750551
[bacillus anthracis: a molecular look at a famous pathogen].bacillus anthracis, a gram-positive rod belonging to the bacillus cereus group, has an extremely monomorphic genome, and presents high structural and physiological similarity with b. cereus and bacillus thuringiensis. in this work, the new molecular methods for the identification and typing of b. anthracis developed in the last years, based on variable number tandem repeats or on genetic differences detected through sequencing, are described. the molecular aspects of traditional virulence factor ...201322274828
antibacterial activity of elephant garlic and its effect against u2os human osteosarcoma cells.the present study was designed to investigate the antibacterial function and pharmacological effect of elephant garlic (allium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum) on u2os human osteosarcoma cells.201324379966
dna-based screening for an intracellular cadherin mutation conferring non-recessive cry1ac resistance in field populations of helicoverpa armigera.a number of cadherin mutants conferring resistance to bt toxin cry1ac have been reported in three major lepidopteran pests, including helicoverpa armigera. unlike most of the cadherin mutants conferring recessive resistance, an allele (r15) with a 55aa deletion in the intracellular domain of cadherin (hacad) was previously identified to cause non-recessive resistance to cry1ac in h. armigera. in the present study, a dna-based pcr method was developed to screen the r15 allele from field populatio ...201325149249
crustacean biodiversity as an important factor for mosquito larval control.newly established ponds, which are highly dynamic systems with changing levels of biological interactions among species, are common larval mosquito habitats. we investigated the impact of crustacean abundance and taxa diversity on mosquito oviposition and larval development. the effects of the biological larvicide bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) on mosquito larvae were monitored according to fluctuations in crustacean communities. populations of the mosquito culex pipiens colonized arti ...201324581370
application of statistical experimental design for optimisation of bioinsecticides production by sporeless bacillus thuringiensis strain on cheap medium.in order to overproduce bioinsecticides production by a sporeless bacillus thuringiensis strain, an optimal composition of a cheap medium was defined using a response surface methodology. in a first step, a plackett-burman design used to evaluate the effects of eight medium components on delta-endotoxin production showed that starch, soya bean and sodium chloride exhibited significant effects on bioinsecticides production. in a second step, these parameters were selected for further optimisation ...201324516462
assessment of a direct application of two bacillus thuringiensis israelensis formulations for immediate and residual control of aedes albopictus.the bacterial agent bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) is a highly effective larvicide against various medically important mosquito and black fly vector species. recent formulations of this powerful larvicidal tool have been evaluated for their field efficacy in integrated mosquito management programs. laboratory and controlled-condition trials have indicated long periods of residual efficacy, whereas field persistence is often much lower in duration. we investigated the residual persisten ...201324551974
managing the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis, and corn earworm, helicoverpa zea, using bt corn and insecticide treatments.the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (fabricius) (lepidoptera: crambidae) and the corn earworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), are important pests of corn in brazil and have not been successfully managed, because of the difficulty of managing them with pesticides. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bt corn mon810, transformed with a gene from bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bacillales: bacillaceae) insecticide seed treatment, and foliar insecticid ...201324735131
production of polyhydroxyalkanoate co-polymer by bacillus thuringiensis.integrative processes for the production of bioenergy and biopolymers are gaining importance in recent years as alternatives to fossil fuels and synthetic plastics. in the present study, bacillus thuringiensis strain egu45 has been used to generate hydrogen (h2), polyhydroxybutyrate (phb) and new co-polymers (np). under batch culture conditions with 250 ml synthetic media, b. thuringiensis egu45 produced up to 0.58 mol h2/mol of glucose. effluent from the h2 production stage was incubated under ...201324426082
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