Publications

host range and transfer efficiency of incompatibility group hi plasmids.	hi plasmids are distinguished by their thermosensitive mode of conjugation (transfer efficiency is optimal at 22-30 degrees c) and their capacity to encode multiple antibiotic resistance. these traits have implicated hi plasmids as potential vectors in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic and indigenous bacterial species in water and soil environments. we compared the transfer efficiency of hi plasmids with that of plasmids from 13 other incompatibility groups at 37, 24, a ...	1993	8358670
aeromonas salmonicida grown in vivo.	the virulent fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida was rapidly killed in vivo when restricted inside a diffusion chamber implanted intraperitoneally in rainbow trout. after a period of regrowth, the survivors had acquired resistance to host-mediated bacteriolysis, phagocytosis, and oxidative killing, properties which were subsequently lost by growth in vitro. resistance to bacteriolysis and phagocytosis was associated with a newly acquired capsular layer revealed by acidic polysaccharide staining ...	1993	8359906
effects of nutrients on exopolysaccharide production and surface properties of aeromonas salmonicida.	extracellular polysaccharide (eps) and capsular polysaccharide (cps) production by aeromonas salmonicida a450 and the influence of the capsule on cell surface properties were studied. a. salmonicida did not produce cps or eps when glucose, phosphate, magnesium chloride, or trace mineral components were absent from the medium. the addition of yeast extract improved capsule production. neither eps nor cps formation depended on the c/n ratio, although it appeared to be influenced by the level of ca ...	1993	8368833
novel antigens expressed by aeromonas salmonicida grown in vivo.	virulent and avirulent aeromonas salmonicida strains grown inside intraperitoneal implants in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined for unique antigen expression. western blots (immunoblots), performed with immune rabbit serum raised against in vivo-grown cells, revealed several unique antigens. with the exception of lipopolysaccharide (lps), these novel antigens were destroyed after proteinase k treatment. the majority of these antigens were not induced in vitro in response to eithe ...	1993	8406855
a comparison of the amino acid sequence of the serine protease of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida with those of other subtilisin-type enzymes relative to their substrate-binding sites.	the amino acid sequence of the so-called 70 kda (actually 64 kda) serine protease secreted by the gram-negative fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida has been determined. it shows a high degree of homology with the complete sequence of other bacterial serine proteases which, with molecular masses of approximately 30 kda, are less than half its size. this homology is particularly marked in regions adjacent to the catalytic triad asp32, his64 and ser221 of subtilisin bpn'. significant features of th ...	1993	8436946
a 70 kda aeromonas salmonicida serine protease - beta-galactosidase hybrid protein as an antigen and its protective effect on atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) against a virulent a. salmonicida challenge.		1993	8449332
an aromatic-dependent mutant of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida is attenuated in fish and is effective as a live vaccine against the salmonid disease furunculosis.	aeromonas salmonicida is the etiological agent of furunculosis in salmonid fish. the disease is responsible for severe economic losses in intensively cultured salmon and trout. bacterin vaccines provide inadequate protection against infection. we have constructed an aromatic-dependent mutant of a. salmonicida in order to investigate the possibility of an effective live-attenuated vaccine. the aroa gene of a. salmonicida was cloned in escherichia coli, and the nucleotide sequence was determined. ...	1993	8478107
transcriptional analysis of the aeromonas salmonicida s-layer protein gene vapa.	the vapa gene of aeromonas salmonicida encodes the subunit of the surface protein array known as a-layer. nucleotide sequence analysis of the 374 bp of dna immediately upstream of vapa revealed two potential promoter sequences and other possible regulatory sequences. sequencing and polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the region was conserved in wild-type a. salmonicida. primer extension and northern (rna) blot analysis showed that vapa transcription in a. salmonicida was directed pred ...	1993	7504668
amoxicillin concentrations in the serum of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l) during furunculosis therapy.	the effectiveness of the delivery of amoxicillin to atlantic salmon, undergoing chemotherapy in natural outbreaks of furunculosis in sea-cages, was investigated by measuring the concentration of the drug in serum samples. five groups of 50 sera from three outbreaks were collected two hours after oral treatment with doses of 80 or 120 mg/kg bodyweight. amoxicillin was detected in 82, 82, 92, 100 and 90 per cent of the sera in the five groups (limit of detection 0.16 microgram/ml). many sera conta ...	1993	8128552
antigenicity of the aeromonas salmonicida maltose-inducible outer membrane porin (maltoporin) and a hybrid protein derived from it.		1993	8131922
aeromonas spp. can secrete escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase into the culture supernatant, and its release requires a functional general secretion pathway.	aerolysin is a channel-forming protein secreted by aeromonas hydrophila. to determine if regions of aerolysin could direct the secretion of another protein, portions of aera were fused to phoa, the escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase gene and cloned into e. coli, aeromonas salmonicida, and a. hydrophila. we were surprised to find that secretion of the enzyme by both aeromonas spp. was independent of the aerolysin segments fused to it. the smallest fusion product contained only the signal seque ...	1993	7523832
biological markers of macrophage activation: applications for fish phagocytes.	the immune defence mechanisms of fish seem to be related and similarly competent to those of mammals. because of this, there is an increased interest in the immune responses of fish as models for higher vertebrates in immunological/immunotoxicological studies. macrophages (m phi), phagocytic cells of the mammalian and teleost immune system which reside in tissues, represent a quiescent population of cells. however, upon stimulation, alterations in the physiology of these resident m phi occur whi ...	1993	8244466
distribution of surface-exposed and non-accessible amino acid sequences among the two major structural domains of the s-layer protein of aeromonas salmonicida.	the tetragonally arranged crystalline surface protein array (a-layer) of the fish pathogenic bacterium aeromonas salmonicida is a virulence factor. circular dichroism studies in the presence or absence of 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate showed that the secondary structure of a-protein, and its 39,439 molecular weight amino-terminal trypsin-resistant peptide, were altered. in both cases alpha-helix was increased significantly at the expense of beta-structure when sds was added. western and dot immuno ...	1993	7692070
[the comparative characteristics of the antibiotic sensitivity of psychrophilic and mesophilic aeromonads].	the general regularities of the antibiotic susceptibility of psychrophilic and mesophilic aeromonads were determined. the antibioticograms were in general similar. still, there was observed a higher susceptibility of aeromonas salmonicida to tetracycline, chloramphenicol and rifampicin, as well as a larger number of strains susceptible to semisynthetic broad spectrum penicillins (ampicillin and carbenicillin) and cephazoline. the susceptibility to aminoglycosides was lower.	1993	8085887
activation of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) phagocytes by muramyl dipeptide.	immunoenhancing activity of synthetic muramyl dipeptide (mdp) was investigated in relation to the activation of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) phagocytes and to nonspecific protection against challenge with the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida. head kidney phagocytes collected from mdp-injected fish showed significant chemotactic activity against zymosan-activated normal rainbow trout serum, and phagocytic activities against both a. salmonicida and plastic beads. the mdp-activated phagoc ...	1993	8388812
molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of the maltose-inducible porin gene of aeromonas salmonicida.	the gene for the aeromonas salmonicida maltose-inducible porin (maltoporin) was cloned into phagemid ptz18r in two restriction fragments, 0.6-kb psti/kpni and 1.7-kb sphi, of genomic dna and their nucleotide sequences were determined. open reading frames of 1329 and 1335 bp translated into sequences of 443 and 445 amino acids, with a 23 or 25 amino acid signal sequence and a 420 amino acid mature protein of molecular mass 46424 da. putative ribosome binding sites, agga and gggaa, occurred 9 bp u ...	1993	8405961
high-affinity binding of the basement membrane protein collagen type iv to the crystalline virulence surface protein array of aeromonas salmonicida.	the surface of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida is covered by a paracrystalline array (the a-layer) which is a virulence factor for the organism. quantification of the ability of a. salmonicida cells to bind collagen types i and iv in a 125i-radiolabelled liquid-phase assay showed that a-layer-positive cells bound high levels of collagen type iv, but significantly lower levels of collagen type i. collagen type iv binding was confirmed using non-radiolabelled enzyme-linked immunosorbent as ...	1993	8459775
survival of nonculturable aeromonas salmonicida in lake water.	the survival of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was investigated in sterile and untreated lake water. in sterile lake water (filtered and autoclaved), it was found that cells of a. salmonicida entered a nonculturable but viable condition. viability was determined by flow cytometry with the dye rhodamine 123, which is taken up and maintained within cells with a membrane potential. for survival studies in untreated lake water, a. salmonicida was marked with the xyle gene by using the plas ...	1993	8481011
[effect of cyclic adenosine-3', 5'-monophosphate on cells of experimental lympholeukemia l-5178].	a study was made of the effect of cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (camp) dibutyril-camp and theophylline (phosphoesterase inhibitor - an enzyme transforming adenosine-3'-5'-monophosphate into adenosine-5'-monophosphate) on the intensity of proliferation (by the increase in the content of nucleic acids in the culture), dna synthesis (by the h3-thymidine incorporation) and on the transplantation properties (the capacity to repopulation in the animal organism) of leukemic cells of the l-5178 s ...	1993	182303
the reaction of protein tryptophanyl residues with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. structure of a model adduct.		1993	202202
phototransduction in drosophila: a paradigm for the genetic dissection of sensory transduction cascades.	a combination of molecular, genetic and physiological studies is providing fundamental insight into the function and regulation of the phototransduction cascade. the availability of drosophila mutants with defects in visual physiology allows for an in vivo dissection of this complex sensory signal transduction process.	1993	1422119
[platelet function in acute myeloid leukemia. ii. aggregation of isolated platelets].	in 22 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (17 cases of myeloblastic leukaemia, 4 cases of myelomonocytic leukaemia and 1 case of undifferentiated-cell leukaemia) platelets were isolated from the plasma by the method of nicholls and hampton as modified by levy-toledano by centrifugation in albumin gradient. the aim of platelet isolation was their "concentration" in cases of thrombocytopenia to values making possible aggregation tests, and platelet separation from the influence of plasma factors ...	1993	281086
[what's happening].		1993	280818
effects of superoxide on the erythrocyte membrane.		1993	204632
dietary vitamin c, immunity and disease resistance in atlantic salmon (salmo salar).	presmolt atlantic salmon were fed a fish meal based experimental diet supplemented with graded levels of ascorbate-2-monophosphate (ap), equivalent to 40, 400, 2000 and 4000 mg ascorbic acid (aa)/kg for 6 months prior to a bacterial challenge experiment. the liver aa concentration reflected the dietary intake of ap, but not linearly. growth, hematology and acid phosphatase activity in zymosan stimulated macrophages were not affected by dietary ap. serum hemolytic complement activity was higher i ...	1993	24202626
eec directives relative to community experience for student nurses.		1992	258210
teaching the nursing process: the nursing process - a framework for care studies.		1992	257474
fimbriation, capsulation, and iron-scavenging systems of klebsiella strains associated with human urinary tract infection.	thirty-two strains of klebsiella pneumoniae and seven strains of klebsiella oxytoca isolated from urinary tract infections in elderly adults were analyzed for capsular antigens, iron-scavenging systems, and fimbriation. all strains were capsulated. twenty-seven different k antigens were identified among the strains, with no particular antigen dominating. all strains produced the iron-scavenging system enterochelin as analyzed by bioassay and dna hybridization. in contrast, the aerobactin iron-se ...	1992	1347287
asterric acid, a new endothelin binding inhibitor.		1992	1473998
molecular and genetic characterization of cytochrome oxidase-negative aeromonas salmonicida isolated from coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch).	cytochrome oxidase variants of the bacterial fish pathogen, aeromonas salmonicida, were characterized for genetic and molecular homology with cytochrome oxidase-positive isolates that typically induce furunculosis in salmonids. protein and lipopolysaccharide moieties of the cytochrome oxidase-negative variants were similar to their typical counterparts, based on sodium-dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. pathogenicity of aberrant isolates to brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) wa ...	1992	1335520
erythropoietin use in the critical care setting.	biotechnology products signify a major advancement in our world today. products resulting from biotechnology will revolutionize how health care is delivered. one of these technologic breakthroughs is recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin). its impact on the delivery of care to the anemic renal patient is changing the roles of nurses who provide care for these patients. epoetin alfa has virtually eliminated the necessity of transfusions in the renal patient population, while simultaneously im ...	1992	1524935
pulsatile growth hormone secretion during the breeding season in male reindeer and its association with hypophagia and weight loss.	male deer reduce food intake and lose weight during the breeding season (rut) in autumn. growth hormone (gh) is lipolytic in ruminants; therefore, pulsatile gh secretion was measured in three young reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) bulls during the natural period of weight loss during rut. blood samples were withdrawn through a jugular cannula every 20 min for 16 hr on 5 occasions from late summer to early winter in unanaesthetised animals. the deer were group fed a pelleted concentrate rati ...	1992	1563616
dna probe for aeromonas salmonicida.	a dna fragment that is specific to aeromonas salmonicida has been isolated from a genomic dna library by differential hybridization. the specificity of this fragment as a dna probe for a. salmonicida was shown by hybridization against reference strains and clinical isolates of a. salmonicida, related aeromonads, and species from several other bacterial genera. the sensitivity of detection by a polymerase chain reaction test, based on this fragment, was approximately two a. salmonicida cells.	1992	1575477
glucose repression of pigment production in atypical isolates of aeromonas salmonicida responsible for goldfish ulcer disease.	the effect of glucose and other carbohydrates on the pigmentation of three atypical isolates of aeromonas salmonicida indicated that the addition of d-glucose at a concentration of 0.1% (w/v) or more, inhibited pigment production and caused a reduction in the size of colonies. the addition of camp reversed the inhibitory effects of d-glucose on pigment production.	1992	1336808
toxicity of aeromonas salmonicida cells to atlantic salmon salmo salar peritoneal macrophages.	several strains of aeromonas salmonicida were toxic to cultured peritoneal macrophages of atlantic salmon, salmo salar, in minimum doses of 5 x 10(6) cfu, whereas other strains were not. there was no correlation between cytotoxicity and in vivo virulence of the bacteria, the presence or absence of the two major surface components of a. salmonicida (namely, the a-layer and the o-polysaccharide chain of the lps) nor, finally, with the ability of the strains to produce the following enzymes in vitr ...	1992	1618355
non-culturable aeromonas salmonicida in lake water.	the survival of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was investigated in lake water. during a 21-day study a. salmonicida became non-culturable in sterile lake water held at 10 degrees c. the incubation of replicate samples between 5 degrees c and 25 degrees c produced similar results. the recovery of colony-forming units of a. salmonicida from different lake water systems indicated that they survived longer in water that was naturally enriched (eutrophic) or enriched with tryptone soya brot ...	1992	1342635
immunostimulants added to injected aeromonas salmonicida bacterin enhance the defense mechanisms and protection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).	immunostimulants were given to rainbow trout for assaying effects on modulating non-specific defense mechanisms, specific immune response, and protection levels against pathogen challenge with aeromonas salmonicida. three drugs, levamisole (an approved veterinary drug in the usa), a quaternary ammonium compound (qac), and a short-chain polypeptide (isk) were found to affect the non-specific defense mechanism activities, which were measured by changes in circulatory neutrophil and phagocytic acti ...	1992	1280879
structure of the core oligosaccharide in the lipopolysaccharide isolated from aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida.	the core oligosaccharide isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida has been investigated by methylation analysis, nmr spectroscopy (13c and 1h), oxidation with periodate and chromium trioxide, and smith degradation. the following structure is proposed: [formula: see text]	1992	1394331
s-layer-mediated association of aeromonas salmonicida with murine macrophages.	the interaction of aeromonas salmonicida with the murine macrophage (m phi) cell line p388d1 was used as a convenient model to study the involvement of the bacterial crystalline surface array (or a-layer) in the association with m phi s. a-layer-positive (a+) cells readily associated with m phi s in phosphate-buffered saline, whereas a- mutants were unable to do so, even when the bacterium-m phi interaction was forced by centrifugation. m phi s selectively interacted with a+ cells when challenge ...	1992	1398947
interaction of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida with rainbow trout macrophages.	a procedure was developed to culture rainbow trout macrophages (m phi) on supported glass coverslips. using this method and a variety of well-characterized aeromonas salmonicida strains with normal or altered cell surfaces, we investigated the role of this unusual bacterial surface in the bacterium-m phi interaction. an intact crystalline protein array, the a-layer, mediated adherence of a. salmonicida cells to m phi even in the absence of opsonins. in contrast, unopsonized cells of an a-layer-n ...	1992	1398975
temperature-dependent in vitro antimicrobial activity of four 4-quinolones and oxytetracycline against bacteria pathogenic to fish.	the in vitro antimicrobial activities of oxolinic acid, flumequine, sarafloxacin, enrofloxacin, and oxytetracycline against strains of bacteria pathogenic to fish (aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, atypical a. salmonicida, vibrio salmonicida, vibrio anguillarum, and yersinia ruckeri) were determined at two different incubation temperatures, 4 and 15 degrees c, by a drug microdilution method. the main objective of the study was to examine the effect of incubation temperature on the in vit ...	1992	1416857
modification of the disc assay by the incorporation of monoclonal antibody staining.	the use of immunohistochemical staining with the disc assay is described. this modified staining procedure allows differentiation of viable human tumor cells from normal cells in biopsy preparations, facilitating the evaluation of slides from chemosensitivity assays. samples from all and cll patients were processed using both the disc and modified moab-disc procedure. the predictive results were compared and found to be identical. this procedure is advantageous in determining the chemosensitivit ...	1992	1434746
novel structural patterns in divalent cation-depleted surface layers of aeromonas salmonicida.	the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida possesses a regular surface layer (or a-layer) which is an important virulence determinant. the a-protein, a single bilobed protein organized in a p4 lattice of m4c4 arrangement with two morphological domains, comprises this layer. the role of divalent cations in the a-layer structure was studied to better understand a-protein subunit interactions affecting structural flexibility and function. divalent cation bridges were found to be involved in the integr ...	1992	1296752
identification of a cyprinid fish, the tench tinca tinca l., as a carrier of the bacterium aeromonas salmonicida, causative agent of furunculosis in salmonids.	a typical, pigment-producing strain of aeromonas salmonicida (a. sal.), the causative agent of furunculosis in salmonid fish species, was isolated from a cyprinid species, the tench tinca tinca l. with papilloma-like skin alterations. histopathology of the papilloma-like skin alterations in tench revealed "round holes", distinctly lined by thick layers of epithelial cells, but no bacteria. the organism was isolated from skin, gills and fins, but not internal organs. the isolate proved highly vir ...	1992	1462724
detection of aeromonas salmonicida from fish by using polymerase chain reaction amplification of the virulence surface array protein gene.	a dna-based assay was developed to detect aeromonas salmonicida from infected fish by analyzing tissues, feces, and the tank water in which the infected fish were held. this analysis was done both by direct detection from samples and after a bacterial outgrowth step. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of a 421-bp sequence from the 3' region of the surface array protein gene (vapa) of a. salmonicida provided a specific and sensitive method for the detection and identification of this i ...	1992	1476426
inhibition of lipopolysaccharide synthesis in agrobacterium tumefaciens and aeromonas salmonicida.	lipopolysaccharide (lps) synthesis was inhibited, new lipid a metabolites accumulated, and growth ceased, when the plant pathogen agrobacterium tumefaciens and the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida were treated with an antibacterial agent which specifically inhibits ctp:cmp-3-deoxy-manno-octulosonate cytidylyltransferase (cmp-kdo synthase). the new lipid a metabolites were purified by chromatography on deae-cellulose and chemically analysed. metabolites isolated from both bacterial species con ...	1992	1324975
factors affecting the strength of flexor tendon repair.	the effects of different thicknesses and configurations of core sutures were studied in human cadaveric flexor tendon repairs. both straight and cyclic load tests were employed. to exploit the full strength of 4/0 suture material, the kessler repair using four locked single knots would seem to be appropriate.	1992	1479249
relationship between intracellular ph and tension development in resting ventricular muscle and myocytes.	simultaneous measurements of intracellular ph (phi) and tension development were made in resting cat papillary muscles and resting ventricular myocytes (cat, guinea pig). ph microelectrodes and the fluorescent indicator carboxy-seminaphthorhodafluor-1 (snarf-1) were used to measure phi in muscles and myocytes, respectively. phi-induced changes in isometric muscle tension and myocyte length were elicited by variations in pco2, hco3-, and [nh4cl]. increased phi elevated resting tension and decreas ...	1992	1539624
avoidance of endotoxin-induced inflammation during studies of albumin clearance from caprine joints.	intra-articular injection of radiolabelled, commercial goat serum albumin (gsa) produces acute arthritis in caprine joints. this inflammation distorts clearance values and vitiates studies of normal lymphatic function. endotoxin, routinely found in commercial albumin preparations, appears to cause this local reaction. we describe a simple method for the preparation of low-endotoxin, radioiodinated serum albumin from aseptically collected serum. we have used this technique to prepare gsa for use ...	1992	1489542
[mono-arthritis of uncertain etiology--a follow-up study].	78 patients in whom the cause of a monoarticular arthritis remained unclear after an initial workup were contacted for a follow-up interview (and an additional clinical examination in 64 cases) after 6 to 11 years (mean 8 years). the mean age at the onset of symptoms was 39 years, with 51% of the patients presenting in the range between 20 and 40 years. there was a slight male preponderance (56%). large joints, mainly the knee, and less often the wrist, ankle or hip, were affected in 79%. finger ...	1992	1594908
occurrence of a capsule in aeromonas salmonicida.	aeromonas salmonicida grown in a medium with excess glucose as carbon source produces both capsular and exocellular polysaccharides. the capsular polysaccharide is composed of glucose, mannose, rhamnose, n-acetylmannosamine and mannuronic acid in the molar ratios of approximately 5:3:0.75:2:1. the extracellular polysaccharide is similarly constituted, but in the molar ratios of approximately 4.75:10.5:1.5:2:1. the capsular and exocellular polysaccharides did not cross-react with monoclonal antib ...	1992	1526444
amoxycillin in the control of furunculosis in atlantic salmon parr.	the efficacy of amoxycillin in the control of laboratory induced aeromonas salmonicida infection in atlantic salmon parr was investigated. when given in the diet at a dose rate of 80 mg per kg bodyweight it was effective against both a moderate and severe challenge (with mortality rates in untreated groups of 75 per cent and 45 per cent). at 40 mg per kg it was effective against the moderate challenge only. the plasma levels in these regimens were 1.25 micrograms per ml and 0.3 to 0.6 micrograms ...	1992	1546434
a comparison of total and specific immunoglobulin levels in healthy atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) and in salmon naturally infected with aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes.	healthy atlantic salmon and salmon with a history of chronic natural aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes infection were compared with respect to total serum protein and the concentration and specificity of serum immunoglobulin. the immunoglobulin level was measured using competitive elisa and the specific antibody activity against aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes was measured using double sandwich elisa. significant elevation of serum protein and immunoglobulin concentration was o ...	1992	1604799
binding of laminin and fibronectin by the trypsin-resistant major structural domain of the crystalline virulence surface array protein of aeromonas salmonicida.	the surface of aeromonas salmonicida is covered by a tetragonal paracrystalline array (a-layer) composed of a single protein (a-protein, mr = 50,778). this array is a virulence factor. cells containing a-layer and isolated a-layer sheets specifically bound laminin and fibronectin with high affinity. binding by cells was inactivated by selective removal of a-layer at ph 2.2, and neither isogenic a-layer-deficient a. salmonicida mutants nor tetragonal paracrystalline array producing aeromonas hydr ...	1992	1730607
immunochemical analysis and possible biological role of an aeromonas hydrophila surface array protein in septicaemia.	the biochemical, immunological, and biological properties of an s layer purified from an aeromonas hydrophila strain (ah-342) involved in a case of bacteraemia were investigated. the s layer selectively removed from the cell surface was composed of a single acidic (pi 4.56) protein subunit (surface array protein, sap) with a molecular mass of approximately 52 kda. amino acid analysis of this 52 kda protein indicated a molecule composed of 498 amino acids with 46% hydrophobic residues. no cystein ...	1992	1382113
the cloning and nucleotide sequence of the serine protease gene (aspa) of aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida.	the gene for aeromonas salmonicida serine protease has been cloned into phagemid ptz18r in two restriction fragments, 2.0-kb psti and 2.3-kb kpni, of genomic dna. the nucleotide sequences of the two fragments have been determined, in both directions, after subcloning, by double-stranded sequencing of nested deletions. an open reading frame of 1863 bp translated into a sequence of 621 amino acids, a 24-amino acid signal peptide and a 597-amino acid mature enzyme of molecular mass 64,173 da. the c ...	1992	1468618
effect of monensin and supplemental hay on ruminal 3-methylindole formation in adult cows after abrupt change to lush pasture.	the effect of feeding monensin, with or without dry hay plus wilted forage, on ruminal formation of 3-methylindole (3mi) was investigated in pastured cattle. eighty-two cows were allotted to 3 groups. cows of group-1 served as controls and were given a daily energy supplement (1 kg/head) without monensin for 1 day before and for 7 days after being allowed access to lush pasture. cows of groups 2 and 3 were given the same daily energy supplement, which also contained monensin (200 mg/kg of supple ...	1992	1539904
cyanide antagonism in a rodent model.		1991	1805737
isolation and phenotypic characterization of an oxidase-negative aeromonas salmonicida causing furunculosis in coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch).	an oxidase-negative aeromonas salmonicida was isolated from coho salmon (oncorhynchus) kisutch) suffering from an epizootic of furunculosis at the state hatchery near belfair, washington. typical, oxidase-positive a. salmonicida was isolated concurrently from the same population of fish. mortality was controlled with medicated feed treatments. evidence supporting the identification of the two types of a. salmonicida is presented. methods for the proper identification of oxidase-negative a. salmo ...	1991	1850808
effect of diabetes and aging on carboxymethyllysine levels in human urine.	carboxymethyllysine (cml) has been identified as a modified amino acid that accumulates with age in human lens proteins and collagen. cml may be formed by oxidation of fructoselysine (fl), the amadori adduct formed on nonenzymatic glycosylation of lysine residues in protein, or by reaction of ascorbate with protein under autoxidizing conditions. we proposed that measurements of tissue and urinary cml may be useful as indices of oxidative stress or damage to proteins in vivo. to determine the ext ...	1991	1899406
psychological stress-induced increases in noradrenaline release in rat brain regions are attenuated by diazepam, but not by morphine.	by measuring levels of noradrenaline (na) and its major metabolite, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol sulfate (mhpg-so4) in the hypothalamus, amygdala and locus coeruleus region, we investigated the effects of diazepam 5.0 mg/kg, morphine 6.0 mg/kg, or naloxone at 5.0 or 10 mg/kg injected sc immediately before stress exposure, on increases in na release caused by psychological stress. psychological stress, wherein rats were exposed to emotional responses which were displayed by other elect ...	1991	1924502
production of colony-stimulating factors during pneumonia caused by chlamydia trachomatis.	the colony-stimulating factors (csfs) are cytokines involved in the production, differentiation, and activation of host phagocytes. during murine infection with chlamydia trachomatis (mopn), plasma csf levels increased in euthymic (nu/+) and athymic (nu/nu) balb/c mice. levels declined later in infection, with the nu/+ mice resolving the infection but the nu/nu mice succumbing by day 16. either live or heat-killed chlamydia organisms could induce csf increases on day 7 postchallenge in nu/+ mice ...	1991	1828791
the arcuate line of the rectus sheath--does it exist?	the lower halves of the anterior abdominal wall of 40 human specimens of both sexes and various ages were studied. the anatomical features seen were widely variable and quite different from the conventional picture. the fibres of the posterior lamina of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis aponeuroses gradually shift from the posterior to the anterior rectus sheath starting from the level of the umbilicus down to the level of the symphysis pubis. thus, these anterior laminae gradually ...	1991	1828798
siderophore production by aeromonas salmonicida.	growth under conditions of iron-restriction and the production of siderophores was examined in 21 typical and 14 atypical strains of aeromonas salmonicida. with the exception of one atypical strain, all strains grew and multiplied in the presence of the high-affinity iron chelators ethylenediamine di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid), alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl or transferrin. chrome azurol s agar was used to screen bacterial strains growing under these conditions for the production of siderophores. side ...	1991	1830896
effect of monocular enucleation or impulse blockage on gamma-aminobutyric acid and cytochrome oxidase levels in neurons of the adult cat lateral geniculate nucleus.	much attention has been paid to the effect of various types of neonatally induced retinal insults on neurons of the cat lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn). little is known about cellular adjustment to functional alterations commencing in the adult. the present study was aimed at examining the effect of monocular enucleation or retinal impulse blockade on mature neurons of the cat lgn and perigeniculate nucleus. in addition to labeling the relay neurons with cytochrome oxidase (co) histochemistry a ...	1991	1851037
site-directed mutagenesis of a single tryptophan near the middle of the channel-forming toxin aerolysin inhibits its transfer across the outer membrane of aeromonas salmonicida.	the channel-forming protein aerolysin must cross both the inner and outer bacterial membranes during its secretion from aeromonas hydrophila or from aeromonas salmonicida containing the cloned structural gene. we examined the fate of three mutant proteins in which trp-227, near the middle of the amino acid chain, was replaced with glycine, leucine, or phenylalanine by site-directed mutagenesis. all three proteins crossed the inner membrane and entered the periplasm in the same way as wild-type, ...	1991	1860853
structure of the tetragonal surface virulence array protein and gene of aeromonas salmonicida.	the paracrystalline surface protein array of the pathogenic bacterium aeromonas salmonicida is a primary virulence factor with novel binding capabilities. the species-specific structural gene (vapa) for this array protein (a-protein) was cloned into lambda gt11 but was unstable when expressed in escherichia coli, undergoing an 816-base pair deletion due to a 21-base pair direct repeat within the gene. however, the gene was stable in cosmid pla2917 as long as expression was poor. a-protein was lo ...	1991	1869553
survival of aeromonas salmonicida in lake water.	the survival of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida in lake water was investigated by using a variety of techniques. they included acridine orange epifluorescence, respiration, cell culture, cell revival, flow cytometry, plasmid maintenance, and membrane fatty acid analysis. during a 21-day study, a. salmonicida became nonculturable in sterile lake water samples. flow cytometry and direct microscopy indicated that cells were present. although the nonculturable cells could not be revived, th ...	1991	1872606
atypical characteristics of the salmonid pathogen aeromonas salmonicida.	incubation of aeromonas salmonicida at supra-optimal temperatures, i.e. 30-37 degrees c, resulted in the expression of motility by polar flagella, and changes in sugar fermentation patterns, e.g. loss of acid production from mannitol, loss of the ability to degrade complex molecules (aesculin, dna, elastin and gelatin), and an increase in antibiotic resistance (notably co-trimoxazole). motility was enhanced in cultures grown in brain heart infusion broth supplemented with 18% (w/v) ficoll.	1991	1919508
surface-disorganized, attenuated mutants of aeromonas salmonicida as furunculosis live vaccines.	a slow-growing, aminoglycoside-resistant mutant and a rapidly-growing pseudo-revertant were isolated from aeromonas salmonicida, the causative agent of salmonid furunculosis. these mutants continued to elicit a variety of classical virulence factors associated with a. salmonicida pathogenesis. they differed morphologically from the wild-type and from one another with respect to a-layer organization, membrane antagonist sensitivity and particularly to aerobic metabolism. both mutants were drastic ...	1991	1961112
introduction of vascular smooth muscle cells expressing recombinant genes in vivo.	vascular smooth muscle cells contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques by proliferating in response to vascular injury and releasing growth-promoting factors. because their autocrine and paracrine effects are not fully understood, expression of such growth factor genes in specific cell types in vivo would help to determine their mechanism of action. we describe a method to transfer vascular smooth muscle cells expressing recombinant gene products to localized segments of the arteria ...	1991	1899366
opsonizing activity of anti-aeromonas salmonicida antibodies after inactivation of complement in rainbow trout.	young rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were immunized with killed aeromonas salmonicida, bled 5 wk later, and tested for the presence of serum agglutinins. the positive antisera were pooled and fractionated in a ultrogel aca 34 column. seven fractions were collected and concentrated. the higher agglutinin titres were found in the 2nd fraction, which also contained igm revealed by immunoelectrophoresis. the 7 fractions were heated for 30 min at 45 degrees c to inactivate the complement system, ...	1991	2042906
human serum stimulates endothelin-1 synthesis more potently than prostacyclin production by cultured vascular endothelial cells.	human serum stimulated the synthesis of a vasoconstrictive peptide, endothelin-1 (et-1), and a vasodilatory prostanoid, prostacyclin (pgi2), by cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. incubation in 20% concentration of the serum for 24 h stimulated et-1 synthesis almost six-fold while pgi2 production increased two-fold. in addition, a tumor-promoting phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma), inhibited the serum-induced et-1 produ ...	1991	1865754
form and functions of the regular surface array (s-layer) of aeromonas salmonicida.	the principal virulence factor of aeromonas salmonicida is its s-layer (a-layer) which is comprised of tetragonally arrayed approximately 50,000 mr protein subunits tethered to the cell surface via lps. the detailed composition of its lps is known, as is the primary sequence, and three-dimensional disposition of the a protein subunits. the a-layer physically protects the cell against bacteriophage, proteases, as well as immune and non-immune complement. the a-layer appears to be uniquely adapted ...	1991	2044685
isolation and characterization of turbot (scophtalmus maximus)-associated bacteria with inhibitory effects against vibrio anguillarum.	more than 400 isolates from the intestine and the external surface of farmed scophtalmus maximus as well as from fish food and hatchery water were screened for inhibitory effects against the fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum hi 11345 and seven other fish pathogens. the bacteria with inhibitory effects were then characterized with regard to their sites of colonization, especially the intestinal regions and sites within each region. of the total number of bacterial isolates from the intestine, 28% ...	1991	1768092
survival of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida in seawater.	survival of aeromonas salmonicida in natural (non-sterile) seawater, as determined from colony counts on marine agar, was found to be influenced by the presence of potentially inhibitory organisms, i.e., acinetobacter, aeromonas hydrophila, chromobacterium, escherichia coli, flavobacterium and pseudomonas, and their metabolites. yet, samples, thought to be devoid of culturable a. salmonicida, were found to contain cells, which were filterable through 0.22 and 0.45 microns millipore millex porosi ...	1991	1769545
in vitro susceptibility of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida to flumequine.	the activity of the fluoroquinolone flumequine was investigated against the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida and was compared with that of oxolinic acid. flumequine was more active than oxolinic acid in terms of its mic against oxolinic acid-resistant isolates of a. salmonicida and was as active as oxolinic acid against susceptible isolates. in contrast to oxolinic acid, flumequine was bactericidal, with only 1% of the bacteria surviving 6 h of exposure to the drug at concentrations slightly ...	1991	1810198
freeze-substitution of gram-negative eubacteria: general cell morphology and envelope profiles.	freeze-substitution was performed on strains of escherichia coli, pasteurella multocida, campylobacter fetus, vibrio cholerae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas putida, aeromonas salmonicida, proteus mirabilis, haemophilus pleuropneumoniae, caulobacter crescentus, and leptothrix discophora with a substitution medium composed of 2% osmium tetroxide and 2% uranyl acetate in anhydrous acetone. a thick periplasmic gel ranging from 10.6 to 14.3 nm in width was displayed in e. coli k-12, k30, and hi ...	1991	1999383
effect of paracrystalline protein surface layers on predation by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.	we determined that paracrystalline protein surface arrays (s layers) protected gram-negative eubacteria from predation by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. aquaspirillum serpens vha and mw5 and aquaspirillum sinuosum were resistant to predation by b. bacteriovorus 6-5-s when fully covered by their s layers. the s layer of aeromonas salmonicida a449 protected the cells from predication by b. bacteriovorus 109j. a predacious, plaque-forming vibrio that lysed an s-layer- variant of caulobacter crescentus ...	1991	2007549
improvement in anemia by recombinant human erythropoietin in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and aplastic anemia.		1991	2040187
health status of salmonids in river systems in natal. iii. isolation and identification of bacteria.	both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria were isolated from fish, both salmonid and non-salmonid, from selected river systems in natal. pasteurella pisicida was isolated for the first time from fish in south africa. the isolation of yersinia ruckeri, aeromonas salmonicida, and edwardsiella tarda were recorded for the first time from fish in natal. a. hydrophila and flexibacter columnaris were found to be widespread throughout the river systems in natal. the streptococcus species which caused ...	1991	1881658
high blood pressure during pregnancy and working conditions among hospital personnel.	the relationship between working conditions and high blood pressure during pregnancy was analysed in a sample of 621 women hospital employees in the paris region over the period 1979-1981. data were collected by interviews during the routine medical visit at the end of postnatal leave. women who had to work standing up for extended periods of time, who had to carry heavy loads or who had to perform heavy cleaning tasks had high blood pressure during their pregnancy more often than women not expo ...	1991	1855606
analysis and pyrolysis of some n-nitrosamino acids in tobacco and tobacco smoke.	a new tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(n-nitrosomethylamino)-4-(3-pyridyl)butyric acid (iso-nnac), has been identified in tobacco, and its structure was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry following enrichment of a tobacco extract. the levels of iso-nnac ranged from 0.01 to 0.95 ppm. it does not induce dna repair in primary rat hepatocytes and is inactive as a tumorigenic agent in strain a mice. in order to study the fate of nitrosamino acids during smoking, we spiked cigarettes wi ...	1991	1855899
biochemical and epr probes for structure-function studies of iron sulfur centers of succinate dehydrogenase.		1991	183467
a general method to generate dna probes for microorganisms.	we present a method that permits the rapid generation of dna probes for eubacteria. in the procedure the variable regions for the 16s rrna genes are amplified using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technology and primers based on the conserved regions of these genes. following sequencing of the variable regions, a choice is possible for a probe specific for that organism. no knowledge of the molecular biology of the microorganism is required prior to the application of this approach. the generali ...	1990	1369980
toxicology of selected pesticides, drugs, and chemicals. organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides.	organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides produce acute toxicosis via a common mechanism--the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase--and, therefore, these categories of insecticides are considered together. this article discusses the mechanisms, toxicity, clinical signs, lesions, and diagnosis of, as well as treatment for, toxicoses produced by these compounds.	1990	2180181
developmental cycle-specific host-free rna synthesis in chlamydia spp.	the incorporation of radiolabeled gtp into rna in host-free chlamydia trachomatis serovar l2 organisms was investigated. the incorporation was partially inhibited by rifampin and dactinomycin and hydrolyzed by rnase. rna made by host-free chlamydiae consisted mainly of species of fewer than 800 bases in size, although 16s and 23s species were noted by agarose-gel electrophoresis. the hybridization of radiolabeled host-free rna to restriction fragments of the gene encoding the major outer membran ...	1990	1698176
aromatic-dependent mutants of aeromonas salmonicida.		1990	2101485
cross resistance between oxytetracycline and oxolinic acid in aeromonas salmonicida associated with alterations in outer membrane proteins.	oxytetracycline resistant mutants of aeromonas salmonicida isolated from mutation frequency experiments showed decreased susceptibility to oxolinic acid. outer membrane preparations of these resistant mutant strains revealed a major protein, with a molecular mass of approximately 37 kda, which was not present in significant quantities in the parent strain.	1990	2083844
[spectroscopy of the liver in vivo using nuclear magnetic resonance. a new approach in hepatic physiopathology].	nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy is a non-invasive means of detecting numerous compounds, thus enabling real-time studies to be carried out on such topics as energy metabolism, intracellular ph and main intermediate metabolism pathways. this method has been used for several years to study perfused livers and rat livers in vivo, but its application to man has just begun. we describe some of its principal uses, with emphasis on the possibilities it offers to investigate the metabolic ...	1990	2140172
restriction endonuclease fingerprinting analysis of canadian isolates of aeromonas salmonicida.	restriction endonuclease fingerprinting (ref) analysis was used to examine total cellular dna prepared from 56 independent field isolates of the fish pathogen, aeromonas salmonicida. dna was digested singly with the restriction enzymes ecori and hindiii, and the resulting fragments separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized by silver staining. the ref patterns of typical isolates of a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida were distinct from those of a. hydrophila, a. salmonicida su ...	1990	2159364
induction of ornithine decarboxylase mrna in cerebral cortex in response to lesion of nucleus basalis.		1990	2164982
reinforcement of colon anastomoses with polyglycolic acid mesh: an experimental study.	polyglycolic acid (pga) meshes have successfully been used in the treatment of injured parenchymatous organs. in our study we investigated the value of pga meshes for reinforcement of colon anastomoses in a rat model. in 75 wistar rats the transverse colon was transected and reanastomosed in a single-layer technique. the anastomoses in half of the animals were performed with 6 stitches. in the other animals the anastomoses were performed with 4 stitches only and were therefore supposed to leak. ...	1990	2176159
in vitro activities of 4-quinolones against the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida.	the activities of five fluorinated 4-quinolones, namely, sarafloxacin, enrofloxacin, pd127391, pd117596, and ci934, against the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida were investigated and compared with that of oxolinic acid. the results indicated that with the exception of ci934, these drugs are more active than oxolinic acid in terms of mic. no inoculum effect was observed, but the drugs were less active at 10 degrees c than at 22 degrees c. the presence of 3% of nacl caused an increase in drug a ...	1990	2285298
[penis endoscopy: our experience apropos of 200 cases].	the use of the colposcope and acetic acid in the man has shown many genital lesions due to papillomavirus which had not been revealed until then by clinical examination. the authors study the prevalence of these lesions in 200 partners of women with an hpv genital infection. 71.5 per cent abnormal peniscopies were found; 73.5 per cent in the group of partners of women presenting a simple viral disease and 63.5 per cent when the women has an associated cervical dysplasia. 34 per cent of the patie ...	1990	2291046
mutations in the trfa replication gene of the broad-host-range plasmid rk2 result in elevated plasmid copy numbers.	mutated forms of trfa, the replication protein gene of plasmid rk2, that support a minimal rk2 origin plasmid in escherichia coli at copy numbers up to 23-fold higher than normal have been isolated. six such high-copy-number (copy-up) mutations were mapped and sequenced. in each case, a single base transition led to an amino acid substitution in the trfa protein primary sequence. the six mutations affected different residues of the protein and were located within a 69-base-pair region encoding 2 ...	1990	2193921
a concurrent increasing of natural antibodies and enhancement of resistance to furunculosis in rainbow trout.	in order to compare the respective roles of specific response and non-specific mechanisms in the enhancement of resistance to furunculosis, 2 groups of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were immunized with supernatants of aeromonas salmonicida or escherichia coli cultures. the fish received 4 weekly intraperitoneal injections (70 micrograms of crude proteins). one control group was injected with phosphate-buffered saline, while another was untreated. specific agglutinins were produced only in ...	1990	2202250
glycerophospholipid:cholesterol acyltransferase complexed with lipopolysaccharide (lps) is a major lethal exotoxin and cytolysin of aeromonas salmonicida: lps stabilizes and enhances toxicity of the enzyme.	an extracellular lethal toxin produced by aeromonas salmonicida was purified by fast-protein liquid ion-exchange chromatography. the toxin is composed of glycerophospholipid:cholesterol acyltransferase (gcat) (molecular mass, 25 kilodaltons) aggregated with lipopolysaccharide (lps), the gcat/lps complex having a molecular mass of about 2,000 kilodaltons, estimated by gel filtration chromatography. the toxin is lethal for atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) at a concentration of 0.045 micrograms of ...	1990	2394687
intraradicular bacteria and fungi in root-filled, asymptomatic human teeth with therapy-resistant periapical lesions: a long-term light and electron microscopic follow-up study.	light and electron microscopy were used to analyze nine therapy-resistant and asymptomatic human periapical lesions, which were removed as block biopsies during surgical treatment of the affected teeth. the cases that required surgery represented about 10% of all of the cases which received endodontic treatment and root fillings during the period 1977 to 1984. these cases revealed periapical lesions when they were examined 4 to 10 yr after treatment. the biopsies were processed for correlated li ...	1990	2094761
purification of cloned proaerolysin released by a low protease mutant of aeromonas salmonicida.	the precursor to the hole-forming toxin aerolysin has been purified in high yield from culture supernatants of a mutant of aeromonas salmonicida containing the cloned structural gene. the mutant strain was generated by tn5 mutagenesis. it released little or no protease or other extracellular proteins, including phospholipase, suggesting that it is a regulatory mutant. the absence of protease allowed the isolation of protoxin free from contaminating aerolysin. typically, more than 50 mg of pure p ...	1990	2190617