Publications

molecular pathogenesis of citrobacter rodentium and transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia.	here we review the history, clinical significance, pathology and molecular pathogenesis of citrobacter rodentium, the causative agent of transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia. c. rodentium serves as an important model pathogen for investigating the mechanisms controlling attaching and effacing pathology, epithelial hyperproliferation, and tumor promotion in the distal colon of the mouse.	2001	11334751
identification and functional characterization of arylamine n-acetyltransferases in eubacteria: evidence for highly selective acetylation of 5-aminosalicylic acid.	arylamine n-acetyltransferase activity has been described in various bacterial species. bacterial n-acetyltransferases, including those from bacteria of the gut flora, may be involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, thereby exerting physiopathological effects. we characterized these enzymes further by steady-state kinetics, time-dependent inhibition, and dna hybridization in 40 species, mostly from the human intestinal microflora. we report for the first time n-acetyltransferase activity in 11 ...	2001	11344150
use of an alfexpress dna sequencer to analyze protein-nucleic acid interactions by band shift assay.	gel retardation analysis, or band shift assay, is technically the simplest method to investigate protein-nucleic acid interactions. in this report, we describe a nonradioactive band shift assay using a fluorescent dna target and an alfexpress automatic dna sequencer in place of the current method that utilizes radioactively end-labeled dna target and a standard electrophoresis unit. in our study, the dsdna targets were obtained by annealing two synthetic oligonucleotides or by pcr. in both cases ...	2001	11355340
the ecology of "fecal indicator" bacteria commonly found in pulp and paper mill water systems.	coliform bacteria have long been used to indicate fecal contamination of water and thus a health hazard. in this study, the in-mill water and external effluent treatment systems of seven typical canadian pulp and paper mills were all shown to support the growth of numerous coliforms, especially klebsiella spp., escherichia coli. enterobacter spp., and citrobacter spp. in all mills and most sampled locations, klebsiellas were the predominant coliforms. although all but one of the mills had no sew ...	2001	11358300
comparison of bacteriological, genetic and pathological characters between escherichia coli o115a,c:k(b) and citrobacter rodentium.	murine pathogenic escherichia coli o115a,c:k(b) (mpec) is the causative agent of mouse megaenteron, the pathology of which resembles that of transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia caused by citrobacter rodentium. we compared their genetic and pathological features to reveal the relationship between these two bacteria. to evaluate the genetic distances, 16s rdna genes were sequenced and biochemical reactions were tested. mouse strain susceptibility tests, using cf1 mpec-susceptible germfree mic ...	2001	11381624
structure of the o-specific polysaccharide isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of citrobacter gillenii serotype o12a, 12b strain pcm 1544.	a neutral o-specific polysaccharide was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of citrobacter gillenii strain pcm 1544, representing serotype o12a,12b. the polysaccharide was studied by sugar and methylation analyses and smith degradation along with 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy, including a roesy experiment. the following structure of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit was established, in which substitution with terminal glcnac is approximately 60%. [structure: see text]	2001	11383903
characterization of an extended-spectrum class c beta-lactamase of citrobacter freundii.	citrobacter freundii gc3 is a clinical isolate which showed moderate resistance to oxyimino beta-lactams such as ceftazidime and aztreonam. this drug resistance was due to an extended-spectrum class c beta-lactamase encoded by chromosomal gene(s). the gc3 beta-lactamase showed high amino acid sequence homology to a known c. freundii beta-lactamase, i.e., 346 of 361 amino acids were identical with those of c. freundii gn346 beta-lactamase (tsukamoto, k. et al, eur. j. biochem. 188, 15-22, 1990). ...	2001	11386417
primers and a specific dna probe for detecting lactic acid bacteria producing 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde from glycerol in spoiled ciders.	of the 40 strains isolated from several spoiled ciders where glycerol was degraded, 36 were identified as lactobacillus collinoides, three were lactobacillus hilgardii, and one was lactobacillus mali. however, only 30 l. collinoides and two l. hilgardii could degrade glycerol. the glycerol dehydratase activity was shown. the main product of the transformation was 1.3 propanediol. two dna primers gd1 and gd2 were chosen in the region encoding one of the subunits of glycerol dehydratase of citroba ...	2001	11403134
occurrence of a new metallo-beta-lactamase imp-4 carried on a conjugative plasmid in citrobacter youngae from the people's republic of china.	during the course of an antimicrobial resistance surveillance programme in guangzhou, the people's republic of china, single strains of citrobacter youngae and pseudomonas aeruginosa were identified which were resistant to imipenem and found to carry the carbapenemase gene bla(imp). pcr screening of the citrobacter strain with specific primers for the bla(imp) type genes gave a 587-bp product which when sequenced gave 100% homology with the bla(imp-4) sequence reported recently from acinetobacte ...	2001	11150665
bacterial invasion and transcytosis in transfected human brain microvascular endothelial cells.	most cases of neonatal bacterial meningitis develop as a result of a hematogenous spread, but it is not clear how circulating bacteria cross the blood-brain barrier. attempts to answer these questions have been hampered by the lack of a reliable model of the human blood-brain barrier. human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hbmec) were isolated and transfected with a pbr322 based plasmid containing simian virus 40 large t antigen (sv40-lt). the transfected hbmec exhibited similar brain endo ...	2001	11162182
the in vitro activity of sulbactam combined with third generation cephalosporins against third generation cephalosporin-resistant bacteria.	the in vitro activity of the beta-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam combined with cefuroxime, cefotaxime or ceftazidime in the ratio of 1:1 was studied against ceftazidime- or cefuroxime-resistant gram-negative rods and staphylococcus aureus. sulbactam enhanced the antibacterial activities of cefuroxime, cefotaxime and ceftazidime against gram-negative rods. the mic(90) of ceftazidime against escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, acinetobacter spp. and pseudomonas aeruginosa ...	2001	11165119
oral colonization of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods and cocci in irradiated, dentate, xerostomic individuals.	this study aimed at investigating the oral colonization of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods and cocci in head- and neck-irradiated, dentate, xerostomic individuals. subjects were recruited from a nasopharyngeal carcinoma clinic and were segregated into group a: <60 years (n=25, 48+/-6 years, 5+/-5 years post-irradiation) and group b: >or=60 years (n=8, 67+/-4 years, 2+/-2 years post-irradiation) and were compared with age- and sex-matched normal individuals, group c: <60 ye ...	2001	11169132
resistance patterns among nosocomial pathogens: trends over the past few years.	multiple surveillance studies have demonstrated that resistance among prevalent pathogens is increasing at an alarming rate, leading to greater patient morbidity and mortality from nosocomial infections. among gram-positive organisms, the most important resistant pathogens are methicillin- (oxacillin-)resistant staphylococcus aureus, beta-lactam-resistant and multidrug-resistant pneumococci, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. important causes of gram-negative resistance include extended-spect ...	2001	11171776
vertical transmission of citrobacter freundii.		2001	11175951
isolation and identification of bacteria associated with adult laboratory mexican fruit flies, anastrepha ludens (diptera: tephritidae).	from the guts of new and old colonies (female and male) of mexican fruit flies, anastrepha ludens (diptera: tephritidae), we identified a total of 18 different bacterial species belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonadaceae, vibrionaceae, micrococcaceae, deinococcacea, bacillaceae, and the genus listeria. enterobacter, providencia, serratia, and staphylococcus spp. were the most frequently isolated genera, with citrobacter, streptococcus, aerococcus, and listeria found less freque ...	2001	11178731
splenic abscess: report of six cases and review of the literature.	splenic abscesses are rare but appear to be increasing in frequency. recent advances in radiologic techniques have affected the diagnosis and management. the purpose of this study was to evaluate these effects. the medical records of one institution were retrospectively reviewed and six cases of splenic abscesses seen between 1989 and 1999 were identified. all patients had predisposing conditions with metastatic hematogenous infection in three and one each with trauma, immunodeficiency, and a co ...	2001	11206904
nitrate reduction by citrobacter diversus under aerobic environment.	a new aerobic denitrifier, citrobacter diversus, was isolated from both nitrification and denitrification sludge. to monitor the variation in the concentration of nitrogen oxides, aerobic denitrification by c. diversus was carried out in a batch reactor. when the nitrate concentration was greater than 180 mg n l(-1), the nitrate reduction rate became stable. the effect of the c/n ratio on the denitrification activity was also investigated. the results showed that the optimum denitrification acti ...	2001	11234965
risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill trauma patients.	to determine risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill trauma patients.	2001	11246310
[characterization and distribution of citrobacter species in a university hospital].	[corrected] a) to identify citrobacter strains following the conventional biochemical reaction of brenner and col; b) to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the o'hara's method compared with brenner's method, and c) to determine the rate and distribution of the strains in the clinical isolates.	2001	11256240
[pacemaker-cable endocarditis and spondylodiscitis caused by citrobacter koseri. conservative treatment].		2001	11256252
[detection of gram-negative bacteria in patients and hospital environment at a room in geriatric wards under the infection control against mrsa].	we prospectively surveyed gram-negative bacteria in patients and hospital environment in a room in the geriatric ward which was specifically under the infection control against mrsa once every two weeks between september and december 1996. we investigated the inpatients in an 8-bed room in the geriatric wards (190 beds) of aino memorial hospital, affiliated with nagasaki university. during the study period, we performed a total of 431 cultures. the number of specimens cultured was 116 from airwa ...	2001	11260881
a cryptic melibiose transporter gene possessing a frameshift from citrobacter freundii.	wild-type citrobacter freundii cannot grow on melibiose as a sole source of carbon. the melibiose transporter gene melb was cloned from a c. freundii mutant m4 that could utilize melibiose as a sole carbon source. although the cloned melb gene is closely similar to the melb genes of other bacteria, it is cryptic because of a frameshift mutation. site-directed mutagenesis was used to construct a functional melb gene by deleting one nucleotide, resulting in the production of an active melibiose tr ...	2001	11275561
acute tonsillitis complicated by retropharyngeal and thyroid abscess infected with de-repressed beta lactamase citrobacter mutans.	an unusual presentation of acute tonsillitis complicated by retropharyngeal and thyroid abscess is reported. spontaneous rupture of retropharyngeal abscess resulted in necrotic fistulae between the pharyngeal wall and the retropharyngeal space.	2001	11276343
identification and characterization of integron-mediated antibiotic resistance among shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli isolates.	a total of 50 isolates of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), including 29 o157:h7 and 21 non-o157 stec strains, were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibilities and the presence of class 1 integrons. seventy-eight (n = 39) percent of the isolates exhibited resistance to two or more antimicrobial classes. multiple resistance to streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline was most often observed. class 1 integrons were identified among nine stec isolates, including serotypes o157: ...	2001	11282605
antimicrobial resistance of bacterial organisms isolated from rats.	to determine if antimicrobial resistance occurs in various bacterial species isolated from rats.	2001	12199446
[dysbacteriosis in patients with colon polyposis].	the study revealed the most profound changes in the composition of intestinal microflora in patients with polyposis of the large intestine. in these patients anaerobic microflora (bifidobacteria, lactic acid bacteria) was more often suppressed than in other examined groups, in particular, patients with cholelithic disease. the associations of hemolytic escherichia with klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, citrobacter freundii were often observed as well as the increased content of ente ...	2001	11871306
microbial populations of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating wastewater from a gelatin industry.	the microbial populations of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, used for treating wastewater from the gelatin industry, were studied by microbiological methods and phase-contrast and electron microscopy. microscopy examination of the sludge showed a complex mixture of various rod-shaped and coccoid bacterial pluslong filaments and verymobile curved rods. in addition free-living anaerobic ciliates and flagellates were also observed. the trophic group population observed in decreasing ord ...	2001	11873883
examination for intestinal parasites and enteric bacteria in the wastewater and treated wastewater from the city of chiang mai, thailand.	an attempt to use treated wastewater for agriculture in the chiang mai area was made, but the re-use process had to be performed under a condition that limited the risks liable to leave pathogens present in the water. the objective of our study was to examine the intestinal parasites and enteric bacteria in the wastewater and treated wastewater from the chiang mai university campus as well as the treated wastewater from the chiang mai municipality. the raw wastewater (rw), primary treatment effl ...	2001	12041597
parasitic and bacterial contamination in collards using effluent from treated domestic wastewater in chiang mai, thailand.	thailand often has inadequate water supply for agriculture during the dry season. the reuse of treated wastewater treatment plants could solve this problem. treatment of domestic wastewater of chiang mai municipality by the aerated lagoon system (al) releases more than 25,000 m3 of treated water everyday. the reuse of wastewater in agriculture is an efficient use of water, especially in tropical countries or in drought zones. the objective of this study is to demonstrate the possibility of using ...	2001	12041598
[cefepime (maxipime), large spectrum 4th generation cephalosporin, resistant to beta-lactamases].	as a result of the appearance of bacterial strains resistant to 3rd generation cephlosporin, since 1993 cephalosporins of 4th generation have been developed and introduced in therapy; among them are: cefepime and cefpirome. cefepime is the most active 4th generation cephalosporin possessing the following advantages over the 3rd generation cephalosporins: high intrinsic potency due to rapid penetration into the periplasmic space; an extended spectrum of activity that includes many gram-positive a ...	2001	12731231
conserved regulatory elements of the promoter sequence of the gene rpoh of enteric bacteria.	the rpoh regulatory region of different members of the enteric bacteria family was sequenced or downloaded from genbank and compared. in addition, the transcriptional start sites of rpoh of yersinia frederiksenii and proteus mirabilis, two distant members of this family, were determined. sequences similar to the sigma(70) promoters p1, p4 and p5, to the sigma(e) promoter p3 and to boxes dnaa1, dnaa2, camp receptor protein (crp) boxes crp1, crp2 and box cytr present in escherichia coli k12, were ...	2001	11139607
the yersinia high-pathogenicity island: an iron-uptake island.	highly pathogenic yersinia carry a pathogenicity island termed high-pathogenicity island (hpi). the yersinia hpi comprises genes involved in the synthesis of the siderophore yersiniabactin and can thus be regarded as an iron-uptake island. a unique characteristic of the hpi is its wide distribution among different enterobacteria such as escherichia coli, klebsiella, citrobacter and salmonella. other types of iron-uptake systems are also carried by different pathogenicity islands in enterobacteri ...	2001	11418330
detection of beta-lactamase-mediated resistance.	beta-lactams are the most widely used antibiotics, and beta-lactamases are the greatest source of resistance to them. an understanding of beta-lactamase detection and identification is therefore valuable. colorimetric, acidimetric and iodometric tests of beta-lactamase production are good, rapid indicators of penicillin and ampicillin resistance in haemophilus, moraxella and neisseria spp. these methods can also be applied to gram-negative aerobic bacilli but are less useful, since the usual que ...	2001	11420337
bacterial infection promotes colon tumorigenesis in apc(min/+) mice.	the min mouse, which has a germ line mutation in 1 allele of the apc tumor suppressor gene, is a model for the early steps in human colorectal cancer. helicobacter pylori infection, a known risk factor for gastric cancer in humans, causes chronic inflammation and increased epithelial cell proliferation in the stomach. infection with the bacterium citrobacter rodentium is known to increase epithelial cell proliferation and to promote chemically initiated tumors in the colon of mice. min mice infe ...	2001	11424022
urinary tract infections in general practice in a rural community in south trinidad.	a prospective study was carried out at a general practice in south trinidad, to assess the sensitivity profiles of urinary isolates in this remote rural community.	2001	11426248
detection and typing of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae in a medical center in turkey.	to determine and type the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) among the family enterobacteriaceae in a medical center, a total of 668 clinical isolates were screened. of the 668 isolates, the 80 strains were presumptively defined as esbl producers according to the result of disk method using esbl marker antibiotics (aztreonam, ceftazidime, and cefoxitin). these 80 strains were retested with the double-disk synergy test (ddst), the e-test esbl strip, a 5-microg ceftazidime disk, and agar di ...	2001	11442343
complicated urinary tract infections in patients with voiding dysfunction.	complicated urinary tract infections (utis) occur in patients who have structurally or functionally abnormal urinary tracts -- in contrast to simple cystitis, which usually occurs in young, healthy females who have normal anatomy. because of their abnormal anatomy, patients with complicated utis can be exceedingly difficult to treat. successful treatment usually requires correction of the underlying anatomical problem, but this may not possible, so relapse of the infection is the general rule. a ...	2001	11442992
clonal origin of aminoglycoside-resistant citrobacter freundii isolates in a danish county.	during 1997, attention was drawn to an increased frequency of aminoglycoside-resistant citrobacterfreundii in a danish county, when a total of 24 resistant c. freundii isolates was detected. in this study, 15 such isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, riboprinting and partial sequencing of the gene encoding translation initiation factor 2. fourteen of the 15 isolates were identical, as evaluated by their antibiograms and by all these typing methods. this epidemic strain harbou ...	2001	11444774
comparative in vitro activity of gemifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin in a north american surveillance study.	the in vitro activity of gemifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, was compared to three marketed fluoroquinolones; ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin against over 4,000 recent clinical isolates covering 29 species isolated in the united states and canada between 1997-1999. based on mic(90)s, gemifloxacin was the most potent fluoroquinolone tested against a majority of gram-positive isolates: streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin resistant s. pneumoniae, macrolide resistant s. pneumoniae, cipro ...	2001	11448564
novel class a beta-lactamase sed-1 from citrobacter sedlakii: genetic diversity of beta-lactamases within the citrobacter genus.	citrobacter sedlakii 2596, a clinical strain resistant to aminopenicillins, carboxypenicillins, and early cephalosporins such as cephalothin, but remaining susceptible to acylureidopenicillins, carbapenems, and later cephalosporins such as cefotaxime, was isolated from the bile of a patient treated with beta-lactam and quinolone antibiotics. the isolate produced an inducible class a beta-lactamase of pi 8.6, named sed-1, which was purified. characterized by a molecular mass of 30 kda, sed-1 pref ...	2001	11451687
structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of citrobacter braakii o7a,3b,1c.	the following structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of citrobacter braakii o7a,3b,1c was established using sugar and methylation analyses and nmr spectroscopy, including 2d cosy, tocsy, noesy, and 1h, 13c heteronuclear single-quantum coherence (hsqc) experiments: (struture: see text). the main d-mannan chain of the polysaccharide studied has the same structure as the o-specific polysaccharide of escherichia coli o9, klebsiella pneumoniae o3, and hafnia alvei pcm 1223.	2001	11454340
surveillance of bacterial resistance among isolates in shanghai in 1999.	we report here surveillance data on the bacterial resistance of clinical isolates from 11 shanghai hospitals in 1999, for guidance in the clinical use of antibacterial agents. of the 14,855 strains collected, 5130 (34.5%) were gram-positive cocci and 9725 (65.5%) were gram-negative bacilli. the most common organisms in descending order of frequency, were: escherichia coli (16%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (cns; 14.3%), klebsiella spp. (12.3%), staphylococcus aureus (11.5%), pseudomonas aer ...	2001	11455503
source and identification of histamine-producing bacteria from fresh and temperature-abused albacore.	histamine-producing bacteria were isolated from fresh and temperature-abused albacore using two different isolation procedures. typically, the bacterial isolates on niven's or modified niven's medium produced negligible or low levels of histamine (<300 ppm) in histamine enumeration broth. the most frequently found species using this approach was hafnia alvei. by prescreening on selective media (eosin methylene blue [emb] agar for enteric bacteria; deman rogosa sharpe agar for lactic acid bacteri ...	2001	11456189
efficacy of cefepime versus ceftazidime in the treatment of adult pneumonia.	effective empiric treatment of pneumonia requires antibiotic coverage against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens, including drug-resistant isolates. this study evaluated the efficacy of cefepime treatment in 20 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and 21 patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (hap), and ceftazidime treatment in 20 patients with hap. the mean age of patients was over 70 years. more than half of the patients had multiple lobe involvement. there was no signifi ...	2001	11456359
the effects of pentoxifylline treatment on bacterial translocation after hemorrhagic shock in rats.	bacterial translocation is thought to be responsible for infectious complications after hemorrhagic shock. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline treatment on bacterial translocation in animals subjected to hemorrhagic shock. thirty-one wistar albino rats (280-360 g) were divided into three groups: sham (n=10), shock (n=11), and shock-pentoxifylline (n=10). blood was not withdrawn from sham rats. shock rats were subjected to 30 min of shock followed by reinfusion ...	2001	11467403
blood stream infections in a medical intensive care unit: spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility pattern.	to determine the type and sensitivity pattern of causative organisms of septicaemia in intensive care unit, to prepare a guideline for empirical antibiotic therapy.	2001	11475775
uv raman spectral intensities of e. coli and other bacteria excited at 228.9, 244.0, and 248.2 nm.	resonance raman spectral intensities per average bacterial cell have been measured quantitatively for gram-negative escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, and enterobacter aerogenes, as well as gram-positive bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus epidermidis. spectra have been obtained from cultures in the lag, log, and stationary growth phases excited in turn by 228.9, 244.0, and 248.2 nm light. although raman spectral peak positions (cm(-1)) excited by a given wavelength are very similar for al ...	2001	11476245
microbial decolourisation of pulp and paper mill effluent in presence of nitrogen and phosphorus by activated sludge process.	the effect of ph, nutrient and aeration was studied on the removal of colour and reduction of bod, cod and heavy metals with addition of readily available source of nitrogen and phosphorus in concentration of 1.0 g/l. recalcitrant compound was effectively degraded by active microbial consortia. the isolated bacteria were identified as pseudomonas putida (s1), citrobacter sp. (s4) and enterobacter sp. (s5). these organisms not only decolourised effluent upto 97% but reduced bod, cod, phenolics an ...	2001	11480347
further studies on rpos in enterobacteria: identification of rpos in enterobacter cloacae and kluyvera cryocrescens.	rpos, the alternative sigma factor sigma(s), is important for bacterial survival under extreme conditions. many enterobacteria are opportunistic human pathogens and their ability to survive in a changing environment could be an essential step for their virulence. to determine the presence of this gene in enteric bacteria, an escherichia coli rpos probe was constructed and used to detect the presence of this gene in different species. a gene homologous to rpos was found in citrobacter amalonaticu ...	2001	11491080
intimin-specific immune responses prevent bacterial colonization by the attaching-effacing pathogen citrobacter rodentium.	the formation of attaching and effacing (a/e) lesions on gut enterocytes is central to the pathogenesis of enterohemorrhagic (ehec) escherichia coli, enteropathogenic e. coli (epec), and the rodent pathogen citrobacter rodentium. genes encoding a/e lesion formation map to a chromosomal pathogenicity island termed the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee). here we show that the lee-encoded proteins espa, espb, tir, and intimin are the targets of long-lived humoral immune responses in c. rodentium- ...	2001	11500434
otitis media seen in yekatit 12 hospital.	two thousand three hundred and thirty four selected patients with ear problem were seen in one of the ent out patients department of yekatit 12 hospital from september 1994 to august 1996 were prospectively studied. most of the patients came from addis ababa. major clinical presentations were ear pain, purulent ear discharge, uni or bilateral decreased hearing ability. patients were carefully evaluated by physical examination, otoscopy examination of the ear, schuilers view of the mastoid bone, ...	2001	11501288
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1999). i. susceptibility distribution].	the bacterial strains isolated from patients diagnosed as having urinary tract infections (utis) in 9 institutions in japan were supplied between the period of august 1999 to july 2000. then, the susceptibilities of them to many kinds of antimicrobial agents were investigated. the number of them were 499 strains. the breakdown of these strains was gram-positive bacteria as 31.3% and gram-negative bacteria as 68.7%. susceptibilities of these bacteria to antimicrobial agents were as follows; vanco ...	2001	11510118
enzymatic synthesis of aza-l-tyrosines.	tyrosine phenol-lyase from citrobacter freundii synthesizes 2-aza-l-tyrosine and 3-aza-l-tyrosine from 3-hydroxypyridine and 2-hydroxypyridine, respectively, and ammonium pyruvate.	2001	11514147
comparative antimicrobial spectrum and activity of bms284756 (t-3811, a desfluoroquinolone) tested against 656 enterobacteriaceae, including preliminary in vitro susceptibility test comparisons and development.	bms284756 (t-3811), a novel des-f(6)-quinolone, was evaluated using isolates of enterobacteriaceae from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program tested by etest (ab biodisk, solna, sweden), reference broth microdilution and disk diffusion (5-microg) methods. ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gemifloxacin and gatifloxacin were also tested by broth microdilution as comparator antimicrobial agents within the same drug class. the 656 isolate collection included species from the genera citrobacter, e ...	2001	11516937
group g beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia characterized by 16s ribosomal rna gene sequencing.	little is known about the relative importance of the four species of lancefield group g beta-hemolytic streptococci in causing bacteremia and the factors that determine the outcome for patients with group g beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia. from 1997 to 2000, 75 group g beta-hemolytic streptococcal strains were isolated from the blood cultures of 66 patients. sequencing of the 16s rrna genes of the group g beta-hemolytic streptococci showed that all 75 isolates were streptococcus dysgalac ...	2001	11526143
evolution, incidence, and susceptibility of bacterial bloodstream isolates from 519 bone marrow transplant patients.	bacteria remain an important cause of infection in bone marrow transplants. to examine shifts in the etiology and susceptibility of bacterial isolates from transplants, we reviewed the incidence and susceptibility of blood isolates during a 7-year period. the infection rate fell dramatically during this time. gram-positive organisms were isolated more often than gram-negative organisms, but the trend is reversing. streptococci surpassed staphylococci for 5 years as the leading pathogen. increasi ...	2001	11528564
cloning, sequence analysis, and characterization of the asta gene encoding an arylsulfate sulfotransferase from citrobacter freundii.	arylsulfate sulfotransferase (asst) transfers a sulfate group from a phenolic sulfate ester to a phenolic acceptor substrate. in the present study, the gene encoding asst was cloned from a genomic library copy of citrobacter freundii, subcloned into the vector pgem3zf(-) and sequenced. sequencing revealed two contiguous open reading frames (orf1 and orf2) on the same strand and based on amino acid sequence homology, they were designated as asta and dsba, respectively. the amino acid sequence of ...	2001	11534764
intervening sequences in rrl genes and fragmentation of 23s rrna in genera of the family enterobacteriaceae.	intervening sequences (ivss) in the rrl genes for 23s rrna are transcribed but later removed by rnase iii without religation during rna processing, leading to fragmented rrna. we examined about 240 strains of the family enterobacteriaceae for presence of ivss using pcr. no ivss were detected in strains belonging to escherichia, shigella, enterobacter, erwinia, ewingella, hafnia, kluyvera, morganella, pantoea, or serratia. previously unreported ivss were detected in klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacte ...	2001	11544246
enteropathogenic escherichia coli infection induces expression of the early growth response factor by activating mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in epithelial cells.	enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) is an extracellular bacterial pathogen that infects the human intestinal epithelium and is a major cause of infantile diarrhea in developing countries. epec belongs to the group of attaching and effacing (a/e) pathogens. it uses a type iii secretion system to deliver proteins into the host cell that mediate signal transduction events in host cells. we used gene array technology to study epithelial cell responses to epec infection at the level of gene expr ...	2001	11553563
locus of enterocyte effacement from citrobacter rodentium: sequence analysis and evidence for horizontal transfer among attaching and effacing pathogens.	the family of attaching and effacing (a/e) bacterial pathogens, which includes diarrheagenic enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec), remains a significant threat to human and animal health. these bacteria intimately attach to host intestinal cells, causing the effacement of brush border microvilli. the genes responsible for this phenotype are encoded in a pathogenicity island called the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee). citrobacter rodentium is the only ...	2001	11553577
activity of ertapenem (mk-0826) versus enterobacteriaceae with potent beta-lactamases.	ertapenem (mk-0826; l-749,345), a new carbapenem with a long serum half-life, was tested, in vitro, against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. the new compound had a mic at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited of 0.06 microg/ml for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing klebsiellas, compared with 0.5 microg/ml for imipenem, 16 microg/ml for cefepime, and >128 microg/ml for ceftazidime and piperacillin-tazobactam. mics of ertapenem for ampc-derepressed mutant enterobacteriaceae wer ...	2001	11557477
bacteriological quality of aquacultured freshwater fish portions in prepackaged trays stored at 3 degrees c.	fresh trout fillets and salmon slices packed in trays were obtained from two multinational chain supermarkets and evaluated for freshness and bacteriological quality immediately after packaging and during storage at 3 degrees c. initial aerobic counts at 30 and 25 degrees c were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in trout fillets (5.27 +/- 0.57 and 4.87 +/- 0.80 log cfu/g, respectively) than in salmon slices, where levels in excess of 6 log cfu/g were found. in both products, initial enterobacteriac ...	2001	11563518
clonal populations of thermotolerant enterobacteriaceae in recreational water and their potential interference with fecal escherichia coli counts.	bacterial strains were isolated from beach water samples using the original environmental protection agency method for escherichia coli enumeration and analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). identical pfge patterns were found for numerous isolates from 4 of the 9 days sampled, suggesting environmental replication. 16s rrna gene sequencing, api 20e biochemical testing, and the absence of beta-glucuronidase activity revealed that these clonal isolates were klebsiella, citrobacter, an ...	2001	11571207
[utility of prolonged incubation and terminal subcultures of blood cultures from immunocompromised patients].	the value of blind terminal subcultures (7 and 30 days) and prolonged incubation (30 days) of blood cultures from immunosuppressed patients was analyzed in the fundación favaloro, the fundación para la lucha contra las enfermedades neurológicas de la infancia and the hospital de niños ricardo gutiérrez. a total of 2707 blood cultures and 369 patients were included (transplantation of solid organs 154, oncohematologic disorders 106 and solid tumors 109). bact-alert bottles were incubated at 35 de ...	2001	11594009
critical role for tumor necrosis factor alpha in controlling the number of lumenal pathogenic bacteria and immunopathology in infectious colitis.	infection of mice with the intestinal bacterial pathogen citrobacter rodentium results in colonic mucosal hyperplasia and a local th1 inflammatory response similar to that seen in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease. in these latter models, and in patients with crohn's disease, neutralization of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) is of therapeutic benefit. since there is no information on the role of tnf-alpha in either immunity to noninvasive bacterial pathogens or on the role of tn ...	2001	11598034
[identification of vibrio spp bacteria on skin lesions of fisherman in the county of raposa-ma].	the study was undertaken aiming at identifying bacteria from the county of raposa in the state of maranhão. the clinical sample was collected by using a swab and held in a cary-blair transport medium. enrichment in alkaline peptone water, isolation in tcbs selective indicator medium and biochemical coding of species were used for laboratory processing. fifty fisherman with age varying from 12-65 years took part on the study. vibrio bacteria isolated in 21 subjects had been identified. there was ...	2001	11600905
long-term outcome of neonatal citrobacter koseri (diversus) meningitis treated with imipenem/meropenem and surgical drainage.	neonatal citrobacter koseri (diversus) meningitis is often complicated by the formation of brain abscesses and has a poor neurological outcome with seizures, mental retardation and paresis as sequelae in 50% of the cases. as there is emerging resistance to ampicillin, gentamicin and third-generation cephalosporins, we attempted to treat this infection with carbapenems. carbapenems in combination with cefotaxime and surgical drainage may play an important role in treating c. koseri meningitis.	2001	11688908
clinical and microbiologic findings in dogs with bronchoscopically diagnosed tracheal collapse: 37 cases (1990-1995).	to investigate the role of bacteria in bronchoscopically diagnosed tracheal collapse in dogs by evaluating qualitative results of bacteriologic cultures.	2001	11697368
cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, and the inoculum effect in tests with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae.	there is little information about the clinical effectiveness of cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam in the treatment of infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing pathogens. some inferences have been drawn from laboratory studies, which have usually involved only one or a few strains of esbl-producing klebsiella pneumoniae or escherichia coli that produced only a limited range of esbls. such studies are indirect, sometimes conflicting, indicators of efficacy. to exte ...	2001	11709338
crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of citrobacter amalonaticus methylaspartate ammonia lyase.	methylaspartate ammonia lyase (mal) catalyses the reversible alpha,beta-elimination of ammonia from l-threo-(2s,3s)-3-methylaspartic acid to give mesaconic acid. crystals of citrobacter amalonaticus mal have been obtained by the hanging-drop method of vapour diffusion using ammonium sulfate as the precipitant. three crystal forms were obtained from identical crystallization conditions, two of which (forms a and b) diffract to high resolution, whilst the third form diffracted poorly. crystals of ...	2001	11717518
structural studies on the o-polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide produced by citrobacter rodentium (atcc 51459).	citrobacter rodentium is the etiologic agent of transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia (tmch) and is the only citrobacter species known to possess virulence factors homologous to human enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli. members of this species are considered clonal and represent the only known attaching and effacing bacterial pathogen of mice and thus provides a useful animal model for studying the molecular basis of attaching and effacing pathology. the lipopolysaccharid ...	2001	11722558
inhibition of tyrosine phenol-lyase from citrobacter freundii by 2-azatyrosine and 3-azatyrosine.	the interactions of 2-azatyrosine and 3-azatyrosine with tyrosine phenol-lyase (tpl) from citrobacter freundii have been examined. 2-aza-dl-tyrosine and 3-aza-dl-tyrosine were synthesized by standard methods of amino acid synthesis, while the l-isomers were prepared from 3-hydroxypyridine and 2-hydroxypyridine, respectively, with tpl (watkins, e. b., and phillips, r. s. (2001) bioorg. med. chem. lett. 11, 2099-2100). 3-azatyrosine was examined as a potential transition state analogue inhibitor o ...	2001	11732906
shv-12, shv-5, shv-2a and veb-1 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in gram-negative bacteria isolated in a university hospital in thailand.	sixty-one extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing isolates were collected from srinagarind hospital, thailand. these included 43 enterobacteriaceae and 18 pseudomonadaceae. the 43 enterobacteriaceae were found to produce the following esbls: 26 (60.5%) shv-12, 13 (30.2%) shv-5, two (4.7%) shv-2a, one (2.3%) veb-1 and one (2.3%) unidentified. twenty-four isolates (55.8%) also carried bla(tem-1b), as well as bla(shv) or bla(veb-1). plasmid dna from transconjugants carrying the bla(shv-12 ...	2001	11733468
influence of sulfobetaines on the stability of the citrobacterdiversus ula-27 beta-lactamase.	the activity and stability of beta-lactamase from citrobacter diversus ula-27 have been investigated in the presence of different ionic and zwitterionic surfactants. all the sulfobetaine surfactants tested allow the enzyme to retain its full activity, but the best stabilizing effect is greatly dependent on their structure. very little variations on the monomer headgroup can significantly reduce enzyme deactivation or speed up the loss of activity with respect to buffer alone. the whole hydrophob ...	2001	11735433
host and geographical factors influence the thermal niche of enteric bacteria isolated from native australian mammals.	the thermal profiles of 118 bacterial strains, representing six species of the family enterobacteriaceae, isolated from a variety of native australian mammals were determined under in vitro conditions. each of the bacterial species had a unique thermal profile and differed in their minimum or maximum temperature for growth and in their response to changing temperatures. the taxonomic classification of the host from which the bacterial strains were isolated explained a significant amount of the v ...	2001	11742550
citrobacter diversus endocarditis.	citrobacter species are motile gram-negative bacilli that cause disease in humans, such as urinary tract infection, pneumonia, superficial and deep wound infections, gastroenteritis, meningitis, bacteremia, and rarely endocarditis. in those cases of endocarditis, intravenous drug use has been associated with citrobacter species. gram-negative organisms are present in less than 10% of cases of endocarditis in intravenous drug users. we present a case of tricuspid valve endocarditis in an intraven ...	2000	11149556
the yersinia high-pathogenicity island is present in different members of the family enterobacteriaceae.	a pathogenicity island termed high-pathogenicity island (hpi) is present in pathogenic yersinia. this 35 to 45 kb island carries genes involved in synthesis, regulation and transport of the siderophore yersiniabactin. recently, the hpi was also detected in various strains of escherichia coli. in this study, the distribution of the hpi in the family enterobacteriaceae was investigated. among the 67 isolates pertaining to 18 genera and 52 species tested, nine (13.4%) harbored the island. these iso ...	2000	10675599
specificity of a conductance assay for enumeration of escherichia coli from broiler carcass rinse samples containing genetically similar species.	experiments were conducted to evaluate the specificity of a rapid method for enumeration of escherichia coli from fresh broiler chicken carcasses. in three separate trials, e. coli, citrobacter freundii, salmonella enteritidis, and shigella sonnei were serially diluted and then inoculated into identical broiler chicken carcass rinses. inoculated rinses were mixed with double-strength coliform medium supplemented with 2% dextrose. this mixture was placed in a bactometer module in duplicate, and c ...	2000	10678434
type 1 pili of citrobacter freundii mediate invasion into host cells.		2000	11109110
orbital abscess: management and outcome.	to discuss the diagnosis, management and outcome of various types of orbital abscess.	2000	11116509
susceptibility of bacterial isolates to gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin from clinical trials 1997-1998.	mics of gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin against 3482 pre-treatment, clinical trial isolates collected during 1997-1998 are reported. these data suggested that gatifloxacin was four- to eight-fold more active than ciprofloxacin against gram-positive bacteria, with gatifloxacin mic(90)s < or = 0.33 mg/l against staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae, and < or = 1.0 mg/l versus viridans streptococci and enterococcus faecalis. both quinolones had similar mic(90)s versus enterobacteriaceae ...	2000	11118848
bacterial agents of lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis), beta-lactamase production, and resistance to antibiotics in elderly people. dedalo study group.	this study determined the etiology of lower respiratory tract infections in the elderly and assessed whether the growth of beta-lactamase producing bacteria is particularly favoured in these patients. between december 1998 and may 1999, 187 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap), and 887 patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd) were enrolled. the mean age was 74 years (range of 65-94 year). sputum and bronchial aspirate for microbiological inv ...	2000	11118860
comparison of the escherichia coli k-12 genome with sampled genomes of a klebsiella pneumoniae and three salmonella enterica serovars, typhimurium, typhi and paratyphi.	the escherichia coli k-12 genome (eco) was compared with the sampled genomes of the sibling species salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium, typhi and paratyphi a (collectively referred to as sal) and the genome of the close outgroup klebsiella pneumoniae (kpn). there are at least 160 locations where sequences of >400 bp are absent from eco but present in the genomes of all three sal and 394 locations where sequences are present in eco but close homologs are absent in all sal genomes. the 394 s ...	2000	11121489
improvement of mannitol lysine crystal violet brilliant green agar for the selective isolation of h2s-positive salmonella.	mannitol lysine crystal violet brilliant green agar (mlcb) is widely used in japan for salmonella isolation because the medium has been commercially available. colonies of salmonella on mlcb appear colorless with black centers due to h2s gas production; however, most citrobacter freundii also produce h2s gas. in order to distinguish h2s-positive salmonella from c. freundii we have improved mlcb. to mlcb was added 1% lactose (l-mlcb). the relation for ph and black center colony formation was exam ...	2000	11131884
emergence of domestically acquired ceftriaxone-resistant salmonella infections associated with ampc beta-lactamase.	ceftriaxone, an expanded-spectrum cephalosporin, is an antimicrobial agent commonly used to treat severe salmonella infections, especially in children. ceftriaxone-resistant salmonella infections have recently been reported in the united states, but the extent of the problem is unknown.	2000	11135779
[the structure and antibiotic sensitivity of the causative agents of community-acquired infectious diseases of bacterial origin in children].	four hundred and forty pediatric patients at the age of 7 days to 15 years with various infections admitted to the hospital within a month were examined. the biological material was inoculated to blood agar on the first days of the patient admittance to the hospital and after the growth the organisms were isolated and identified. antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was assayed with the disk diffusion method. 479 strains in all were tested. the most frequent cases requiring hospitalization ...	2000	10768061
citrobacter freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase: the role of asparagine 185 in modulating enzyme function through stabilization of a quinonoid intermediate.	asn185 is an invariant residue in all known sequences of tpl and of closely related tryptophanase and it may be aligned with the asn194 in aspartate aminotransferase. according to x-ray data, in the holoenzyme and in the michaelis complex asn185 does not interact with the cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, but in the external aldimine a conformational change occurs which is accompanied by formation of a hydrogen bond between asn185 and the oxygen atom in position 3 of the cofactor. the substitutio ...	2000	10775663
ascending cholangitis as a cause of pyogenic liver abscesses complicated by a gastric submucosal abscess and fistula.	ruptures of nonamebic (pyogenic) liver abscesses into the thorax and peritoneum are very uncommon; but, hepatoduodenal and hepatocolonic fistulas are ever more rare. we report a case where ascending cholangitis was associated with pyogenic liver abscess formation and a gastric fistula. drainage into the stomach was demonstrated by gastroduodenal endoscopy for gastric bleeding. after fistula formation, we could successfully treat the inflammation caused by infection of citrobacter freundii and ca ...	2000	10777197
[detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamases producing enterobacteriaceae in feces].	a study was made of 366 feces for detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamases producing enterobacteriaceae from feces. the selective agar was used for modified drigalski agar (eiken chemical co., ltd) with 2 micrograms/ml cefotaxime (esbl screen agar). 92 strains of enterobacteriaceae, 41 escherichia coli, 15 citrobacter freundii, 13 enterobacter cloacae, 11 klebsiella pneumoniae, and other 12, were isolated from esbl screen agar. and, r-plasmid that were selected by 2 micrograms/ml cefotaxim ...	2000	10783580
treatment of sanitary-important bacteria by bacteriocin substance v24 in cattle dung water.	quantification of sanitary-important bacteria (e.g. enterobacteriaceae), as well as indicators of environmental contamination, was assessed in samples of cattle dung from 25 cattle farms in 15 north-eastern slovakia districts. the inhibitory effect of crude bacteriocin extract cbe v24 from enterococcus faecalis v24 against listeria monocytogenes ohio and yersinia enterocolitica ye85 was examined in cattle dung water with the aim of finding a new way of eliminating the health risk of the animal s ...	2000	10792671
structure and serologic properties of o-specific polysaccharide from citrobacter freundii possessing cross-reactivity with escherichia coli o157:h7.	citrobacter freundii ocu158 is a serologically cross-reactive strain with escherichia coli o157:h7. to explore the close relationship between two strains, we have analyzed the chemical structures of o-specific polysaccharides and antigenic properties of lipopolysaccharides (lpss) of both strains. the structure of o-specific polysaccharides from both strains was found to be identical by chemical and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses, in which d-pernac was 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-d-mannose: [--> ...	2000	10799808
murine colonic mucosa hyperproliferation. i. elevated cftr expression and enhanced camp-dependent cl(-) secretion.	fluid transport in the large intestine is mediated by the cystic fibrosis gene product and camp-dependent anion channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr). camp-mediated cl(-) secretion by gastrointestinal cell lines in vitro has been positively correlated with the insertion of cftr into the apical membrane of differentiated senescent colonocytes and negatively correlated with the failure of cftr to insert into the plasma membrane of their undifferentiated proliferating c ...	2000	10801268
tuberculous false aneurysm of the femoral artery managed by endoluminal stent graft insertion.		2000	10801384
enhancement of neonatal innate defense: effects of adding an n-terminal recombinant fragment of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein on growth and tumor necrosis factor-inducing activity of gram-negative bacteria tested in neonatal cord blood ex vivo.	innate defense against microbial infection requires the action of neutrophils, which have cytoplasmic granules replete with antibiotic proteins and peptides. bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (bpi) is found in the primary granules of adult neutrophils, has a high affinity for lipopolysaccharides (or "endotoxins"), and exerts selective cytotoxic, antiendotoxic, and opsonic activity against gram-negative bacteria. we have previously reported that neutrophils derived from newborn cord bl ...	2000	10948134
[antibiotic sensitivity of enterobacteria in intensive care units].	antibiotic therapy of intensive care patients is usually undocumented. the treatment is chosen according to epidemiologic and susceptibility data from microbiological laboratories. the aim of our study is to determine antibiotic susceptibility of enterobacteria isolated from intensive care patients during a five-month multicenter study in 18 french hospitals. numerous (n = 1,113) strains were studied: 447 enterobacteria isolated from urine (n = 229), blood cultures (n = 106), respiratory tract s ...	2000	10949846
csf interleukin-6 in neonatal citrobacter ventriculitis after meningitis.	an infant with neonatal severe citrobacter koseri (formerly citrobacter diversus) meningoencephalitis developed necrosis with multicystic regression of both hemispheres. the ventriculitis persisted over months in spite of antibiotic therapy. the treatment succeeded with cefotaxime in a high dose (300 mg/kg/day) without surgical intervention. the infant had been previously treated with cefotaxime (200 mg/kg/day) over 5 weeks. high levels of csf interleukin-6 (il-6) permitted to attribute persisti ...	2000	10961534
rapid 5' nuclease (taqman) assay for detection of virulent strains of yersinia enterocolitica.	we have developed a rapid procedure for the detection of virulent yersinia enterocolitica in ground pork by combining a previously described pcr with fluorescent dye technologies. the detection method, known as the fluorogenic 5' nuclease assay (taqman), produces results by measuring the fluorescence produced during pcr amplification, requiring no post-pcr processing. the specificity of the chromosomal yst gene-based assay was tested with 28 bacterial isolates that included 7 pathogenic and 7 no ...	2000	10966441
the capacity of enterobacteriaceae species to produce biogenic amines in cheese.	the amino acid decarboxylating activity and production of biogenic amines by 104 cheese-associated enterobacteriaceae species (58 enterobacter, 18 serratia, eight escherichia, seven hafnia, six arizona, four citrobacter and three klebsiella) were investigated. all strains could decarboxylate at least two amino acids in möller's broth and in niven's medium, and the decarboxylase activity was strain specific. in a laboratory medium containing all free amino acids, all strains could produce more th ...	2000	10972722
brain abscess by citrobacter diversus in infancy: case report.	citrobacter diversus is closely related to brain abscess in newborn infants. we describe a case of brain abscess by this bacteria in a newborn infant and his clinical and cranial computed tomographic evaluation until the fourth month of life and discuss therapeutic management of this patient.	2000	10973119
high-pathogenicity island of yersinia pestis in enterobacteriaceae isolated from blood cultures and urine samples: prevalence and functional expression.	production of the siderophore yersiniabactin is associated with virulence in yersinia species. the genes for biosynthesis and uptake of yersiniabactin are located on a high-pathogenicity island (hpi). the distribution and functioning of the yersinia hpi were assessed in different enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from blood cultures and urine samples. in total, 550 clinical isolates from 10 enterobacteriaceae species were investigated by polymerase chain reaction and dna hybridization. the yer ...	2000	10979932