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pseudorabies virus giii and bovine herpesvirus 1 giii share complementary functions.the giii glycoproteins of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) and of pseudorabies virus (prv) are structurally homologous. both proteins also play preeminent roles in mediating virus attachment to permissive cells. to directly compare the functional relation between these glycoproteins, we constructed a recombinant bhv-1 in which the bhv-1 giii coding sequence was replaced by the prv gene homolog. the resultant recombinant virus efficiently expressed prv giii and then incorporated it into its envelope. ...19911654451
[ibr/ipv virus antibodies in the wild boar--the host spectrum of herpesviruses].studies with serum neutralization test on 443 sera from black boar against antibodies of bhv 1 have produced the first evidence ever to the presence in this species. titres were about 1:2. findings are discussed under aspects of spectrum of bhv 1 with reference to swine and under epizootiological aspects.19911654877
[induction of humoral antibodies by a bhv-1 intradermal test].an intradermal test for the diagnosis of bhv 1 (intrakutantest behringwerke ag) was applied to 53 nonvaccinated bhv 1-seronegative cattle aged 7 months to 8 years. serologic blood testing performed subsequently using elisa (enzygnost-ibr/ipv, behringwerke ag) and snt revealed seroconversion in 24 of 45 animals without previous maternal antibodies. a second application of the intradermal test after these bhv 1-antibodies had declined, lead to a 'booster-effect' while a control group remained nega ...19911655379
serologic survey for selected microbial pathogens in bison from kansas.a serologic survey was conducted on an american bison (bison bison) herd in kansas for antibodies against brucella spp., leptospira interrogans serovar canicola, pomona, grippotyphosa, icterohaemorrhagiae, and hardjo, anaplasma spp., bluetongue virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus. there was an increase in prevalence of bluetongue antibodies from 38% in 1987 to 100% in 1989 in animals greater than or equal to 24-mo-old. prevalences of antibodies against ...19911656107
cloning and sequence of an infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (bhv-1) gene homologous to glycoprotein h of herpes simplex virus.a homologue to the glycoprotein h (gh) gene of herpes simplex virus (hsv) has been identified in the genome of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibr, bhv-1). the gene is located immediately downstream from the thymidine kinase gene, and codes for an open reading frame (orf) of 842 amino acids. the orf has the characteristics of a membrane glycoprotein, including an n-terminal hydrophobic region resembling a signal sequence, a c-terminal region which is probably a transmembrane domain, and ...19911657187
bhv1 infections: relevance and spread in europe.infections caused by bhv1 are very common in europe, but the disease pattern is quite different: the diseases of the genital tract are most common, those of the respiratory tract vary in intensity and prevalence. digestive disorders connected with bhv1 are in general only observed in calves and mainly in belgium. virus strains causing abortion or encephalitis are only present in a few countries. the same is true for bhv1 induced mastitis. dermatitis and lesions in the interdigital space seem to ...19911657511
serologic survey of white-tailed deer on anticosti island, quebec for bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhea, and parainfluenza 3.in 1985 unusual mortality was observed among the 3- to 4-yr-old white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) on anticosti island, québec (canada). a viral pathogen was suspected to be the cause of the deaths. thus, a serologic survey for bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus and parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus was conducted. we examined 396 deer sera from 1985. results indicated that the high mortality mainly afflicted 3- to 4-yr-old deer. in 1985, 57% of deer sampled were s ...19911661783
protective effect of inactivated bovine herpesvirus-1 in calves experimentally infected with bovine herpesvirus-1 and pasteurella haemolytica.the protective effect of an inactivated whole-virion bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) immunising inoculum, without adjuvant, against viral-bacterial respiratory disease was studied in three experimental treatment groups of five calves each. one group was boosted 14 days after the first vaccination and at this time the second group received their initial inoculation. seven days later, calves were challenged with bhv-1 in aerosol and four days after this challenge all calves were exposed to pasteurell ...19911664970
effects of zinc methionine and zinc oxide on performance, blood characteristics, and antibody titer response to viral vaccination in stressed feeder calves.ninety steers with an average weight of 214 kg were purchased at 2 feeder calf sales and transported 70 to 100 km. on arrival at the feedlot, steers were weighed and identified, blood was withdrawn, and the steers were vaccinated against bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) and parainfluenza3 (pi3), using a modified live vaccine, and randomly assigned to treatment groups. treatments were: control (no supplemental zinc; zinc methionine; and zinc oxide. the control diet contained 26 mg of zinc/kg diet, an ...19911667527
secondary in vitro b lymphocyte (antibody) response to microbial antigens: use in appraisal of vaccine immunogenicity and cytokine immunoregulation.in order to perform preliminary evaluations of subunit vaccine candidates before extensive trials in large food-producing animals, an in vitro b-lymphocyte response assay, based on the principles of an elisa, was established. the assay was developed in detail for the porcine system using antigens from the gram-negative bacterium actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, but is shown to be applicable to other species and antigens, including viral components. it is further shown that b-cell activity in the ...19911675030
nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis of the thymidine kinase gene of a bovine encephalitis herpesvirus.the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence of the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of n 569, a bovine encephalitis herpesvirus (behv), has been determined and compared with those of avian, bovine and other mammalian herpesvirus tk genes. striking differences were observed between the nucleotide sequence of this behv tk gene and those reported for bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1). a total of 118 base changes, 39 base deletions and 14 base insertions were identified relative to the tk sequence of a bh ...19911678935
the vaccination and challenge with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) of calves previously infected with a non-cytopathic bvdv.four calves were infected with noncytopathic (ncp) new york-1 strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). during the observation period of one month the calves remained clinically normal but the virus was repeatedly recovered from their pharyngeal swabbings and blood. thirty days following infection the four calves were vaccinated, together with two uninfected calves, with a modified-live vaccine containing cytopathic (cp) bvdv, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and parainfluenza-3 virus ...19911647929
demonstration of the in vitro antiviral properties of bovine lymphokine-activated killer (lak) cells.in cattle, cells with functional characteristics similar to those of natural killer (nk) cells are difficult to detect. however, lymphokine-activated killer (lak) cells can be detected readily after in vitro activation of peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (pbml) with interleukin-2 (il-2). in the present study, we demonstrated that il-2-activated pbml preferentially lyse bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1)-infected cells and that the cell responsible for the lysis copurified with the cell res ...19911726400
mass screening of cattle sera against 14 infectious disease agents, using an elisa system for monitoring health in livestock.mass screening elisa methods were developed for testing cattle serum for antibodies against 14 common livestock diseases simultaneously. the absorbance values were transformed to a %elisa (spectrophotometric antibody end point) by a computer interfaced with a microplate reader. a histogram indicating a cutoff point and a report for the veterinarian also was generated. the computer program produced a print-out of the antibody profile for each animal tested, the antibody concentration against each ...19911767993
expression of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein giv by recombinant baculovirus and analysis of its immunogenic properties.the gene encoding the giv glycoprotein of bovine herpesvirus 1 has been inserted into the genome of autographa californica baculovirus in lieu of the coding region of the a. californica baculovirus polyhedrin gene. recombinant protein was identified by its reactivity with giv-specific monoclonal antibodies and expressed at high levels (about 85 micrograms per 2.5 x 10(6) cells) in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells. the recombinant glycoprotein had an apparent molecular mass of 63 kda, indicating ...19911845887
detection of cattle infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus using nucleic acid hybridization.a ribonucleic acid (rna) hybridization assay to identify cattle infected by bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is described. the rna probe was derived from the coding region at the 3' end of the genome of the nadl strain of bvdv. total rna from infected cell cultures or peripheral blood leukocytes from suspect animals was extracted and applied to nylon membranes with a slot blot apparatus. peripheral blood leukocytes were tested concurrently for bvdv by virus isolation. the results of hybridizat ...19911645592
changes in phospholipids of alveolar lining material in calves after aerosol exposure to bovine herpesvirus-1 or parainfluenza-3 virus.pulmonary lavage samples were collected from 90- to 130-day-old calves before and 6 days after aerosol inoculation with bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) or parainfluenza-3 (pi3) virus. alveolar lining material was separated from lavage fluids by high-speed centrifugation and phospholipids were extracted from alveolar lining material and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were 74.2 +/- 6.5% and 13.3 +/- 2.8%, respectively, of the total ...19911649560
[differentiation of strains of bovine infectious rhinotracheitis virus using restriction analysis].the virus of infectious rhinotracheitis of cattle (bhv-1) causes the respiratory diseases, encephalitis, vulvovaginitis, abortions, etc. in sensitive animals. the attempts to differentiate the viral strains by virology and serology methods were unsuccessful. the restriction analysis makes possible to divide the strains into the three main groups designated bhv-1.1, bhv-1.2 and bhv-1.3. majority of authors note the lack of correlation between the restriction pattern of dna and the syndromes cause ...19911649969
the most abundant protein in bovine herpes 1 virions is a homologue of herpes simplex virus type 1 ul47.the bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) protein vp8 is present, in large amounts, in the tegument of virions. as a preliminary step towards determining the function of vp8 and the biological relevance for its abundant presence, we describe the mapping of the location of its gene and determination of its nucleotide sequence. the gene for vp8 was located between 0.088 and 0.108 map units on the bhv-1 genome and contained a 2226 bp reading frame encoding a 742 amino acid protein. the protein, produce ...19911662698
immunopotentiation of bovine herpes virus subunit vaccination by interleukin-2.cattle were immunized with glycoprotein iv (giv) from bovine herpes virus-1 (bhv-1). groups of five animals were then given either 2, 3, 4, or 5 doses of interleukin-2 (il-2) (0.5 microgram/kg) at 12-hr intervals. animals that received no il-2 exhibited specific immune responses that are typical for bhv-1 infection, i.e. enhanced specific cytotoxicity, lymphocyte proliferative responses to giv, and increased giv-specific (elisa) and virus-neutralizing antibodies. treatment of animals with five d ...19911663077
ability of musca autumnalis (diptera: muscidae) to acquire and transmit bovine herpesvirus-1.bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) was detected in musca autumnalis de geer after feeding on virus suspensions in bovine albumin or sucrose. virus was detected for 48 h in flies fed an albumin suspension, with the highest titers recovered in crops (1.0 x 10(4) tcid50/ml) and whole-body (5 x 10(4) tcid50/ml/fly) specimens immediately after feeding; the level of virus declined rapidly thereafter. virus titers in flies fed sucrose suspensions were 5 x 10(4) tcid50/ml in excised crops and 5 x 10(5) tcid50 ...19911663168
genomic heterogeneities in bovine herpesvirus type 1 viral isolates: a major variant selected from a field isolate.we have analyzed viral dna patterns, obtained following digestion of six different infectious bovine rhinotracheitis isolates, using a panel of restriction enzymes. several differences in profiles were observed, particularly for a canadian viral strain which presumably contained a genome that was larger than the other five infectious bovine rhinotracheitis genomes. also, an insertion/deletion of a hindiii restriction site was found in the dna of a danish strain; this additional hindiii site was ...19911674940
iscom of bhv-1 envelope glycoproteins protected calves against both disease and infection.a subunit vaccine in the form of immunostimulating complex (iscom) was prepared to contain the envelope glycoproteins of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1). this iscom preparation was tested in a vaccination experiment on 4-month-old calves seronegative to bhv-1. in this experiment, four groups with three animals per group were used. two groups were vaccinated with the iscom preparation twice, four weeks apart, one group with 50 micrograms and the other with 100 micrograms per calf. the third gro ...19911653508
immunoglobulin m (igm) indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the involvement of igm-rheumatoid factor in the serodiagnosis of bhv-1 infection.an igm enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (igm-elisa) for the detection of antibodies to bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) was developed. its applicability was examined by serological studies in two calves experimentally infected with virulent bhv-1 over a period of 60 days. igm antibodies were detected by elisa on day 6 after infection, and there was an increase in igg antibodies on day 9. serum neutralizing (sn) antibodies were detected only on day 13, confirming the higher sensitivity of the elisas ...19911850891
bovine monoclonal anti-idiotypes induce antibodies specific for a synthetic peptide bearing a neutralizing epitope of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein gi (gb).bovine monoclonal anti-id mimicking a neutralizing epitope of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein gi were developed. an epitope present on the 74k subunit of gi identified by a murine mab 1e11 was selected for this study. bovine lymphocytes from the prefemoral lymph node of a heifer immunized with mab 1e11 were fused with sp-2/0, a nonsecreting murine cell-line. two bovine x murine hybridomas secreting bovine monoclonal anti-id specific for the id of 1e11 were stabilized. these anti-id inh ...19911709196
abortifacient property of bovine herpesvirus type 1 isolates that represent three subtypes determined by restriction endonuclease analysis of viral dna.bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) isolates are classified into 3 subtypes by use of restriction endonuclease analysis. isolates from aborted fetuses have been either subtype 1 or 2a, whereas subtype 2b viruses have not been associated with abortion. we assessed the abortifacient property of isolates representing each of the 3 bhv-1 subtypes by iv inoculation of heifers with the virus 25 to 27 weeks after breeding. three heifers were given cooper (subtype 1) isolate, 3 heifers were given fi (subt ...19911852144
molecular diagnosis of alcelaphine herpesvirus (malignant catarrhal fever) infections by nested amplification of viral dna in bovine blood buffy coat specimens.a fragment of alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (ahv-1; malignant catarrhal fever) dna was subcloned into puc 18 and sequenced. the subclone hybridized strongly to ahv-1 dna, weakly to alcelaphine herpesvirus-2 (ahv-2) dna, and not at all to dna from bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1; infectious bovine rhinotracheitis [ibr] virus), bovine herpesvirus-2 (bhv-2; bovine herpes mamillitis [bhm] virus), and bovine herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4; isolate dn599). a 2-stage (nested) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) diagnostic t ...19911911989
characterization of monoclonal antibodies to bovine herpesvirus type i, los angeles strain.we produced monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), los angeles strain, and then evaluated them as potential candidates for preparing diagnostic reagents. of the 318 cell lines expressing antibodies to the virus, 60% (192) secreted igg and 40% (126) secreted igm. twenty-six mabs were selected based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and virus neutralization (vn) titers and characterized by immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence and immunoblots. the sele ...19911716023
modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus vaccine expressing monomer and dimer forms of foot-and-mouth disease capsid protein epitopes on surface of hybrid virus particles.modified-live, attenuated infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) hybrid virus vaccines have been constructed by inserting in the major ibrv glycoprotein giii gene chemically synthesized deoxyribonucleotide sequences encoding the bovine growth hormone signal sequence and monomeric or dimeric forms of the foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) vp 1 epitope sequences. the foreign dna sequences were inserted at the n-terminal end of the ibrv giii coding sequence and were driven by the ibrv giii promot ...19911718244
induction of immune response to bovine herpesvirus-1 with anti-idiotypic antibodies.previously, we prepared rabbit anti-idiotypic (anti-id) antibodies against murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for the major bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) envelope glycoproteins. glycoprotein iii (giii) contains neutralization epitopes and may be the virus attachment protein. anti-id antibodies to a neutralizing mab that reacts with giii were purified by sequential immunoaffinity chromatography. immune responses to the purified anti-id reagent and bhv-1 were compared in mice. both groups ...19911722098
bovine herpesvirus-1 (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus)-based viral vector which expresses foot-and-mouth disease epitopes.a recombinant infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) vector has been constructed to express bovine growth hormone signal sequence plus a foot-and-mouth disease virus [fmdv (o1k)] capsid protein (vp1) epitope as the n-terminal sequence of an ibrv glycoprotein giii fusion protein on the surface of virus infected cells and on the surface of virus particles. sequences encoding the first 38 amino acids of ibrv giii were deleted from the recombinant to avoid redundant glycoprotein signal seque ...19911722936
transcriptional analysis of the bovine herpesvirus 1 cooper isolate. temporal analysis and characterization of immediate-early, early, and late rna.blot hybridization analysis of infected bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) cellular rna isolated at various times post infection and after treatment with specific metabolic inhibitors was used to characterize transcription of the bhv-1 cooper isolate. synthesis of bhv-1 rna was detected as early as 3 h post infection and reached a maximum at six to eight hours post infection. the most transcriptionally active area of the genome was between map units 0.110 to 0.195, within the hindiii i fragment. from ...19911759910
feed intake, rectal temperature, and serum mineral concentrations of feedlot cattle fed zinc oxide or zinc methionine and challenged with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.three experiments were conducted using feedlot steers in a randomized block design to determine the effect of zinc methionine (znmet) and zinc oxide (exp. 3) on feed intake (dmi), rectal temperature, and serum mineral concentrations of feedlot cattle challenged with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv). all the steers used were seronegative to ibrv. steers were adapted for 7 d to their respective diets and challenged with 3.7 x 10(5) plaque forming units of irbv on d 0 of each experime ...19911778828
[phagocytic activity of neutrophils (pmn cells) in cattle infected with ibr/ipv virus (bovine herpesvirus 1--bhv1)].pmn cell random and directed migration, adherence, aggregation, ingestion of bacteria as well as resting and stimulated nbt reduction activities were studied in two groups of 5, 2-4 months-old bullocks experimentally (group i) or naturally (group iii) infected with bhv1. control groups (ii and iv) consisted of 5 healthy calves. experimental infection of bullous were carried out using polish field isolate of bhv1; animals were injected intramuscularly, intravenously and into conjunctival sack wit ...19911821034
the three major immediate-early transcripts of bovine herpesvirus 1 arise from two divergent and spliced transcription units.among 54 transcripts expressed in a temporal cascade during lytic infection with bovine herpesvirus 1, we have previously identified three major immediate-early (ie) rnas, ier4.2 (4.2 kb), ier2.9 (2.9 kb), and ier1.7 (1.6 to 1.8 kb depending on the virus strain) transcribed from the hindiii c genome region (u. v. wirth, k. gunkel, m. engels, and m. schwyzer, j. virol. 63:4882-4889, 1989). northern (rna) blot, s1 nuclease protection, and primer extension analysis used in the present study demonst ...19911845884
pseudorabies virus mutants lacking the essential glycoprotein gii can be complemented by glycoprotein gi of bovine herpesvirus 1.the genome of pseudorabies virus (prv) encodes at least seven glycoproteins. the glycoprotein complex gii consists of three related polypeptides, two of them derived by proteolytic cleavage from a common precursor and linked via disulfide bonds. it is homologous to herpes simplex virus (hsv) gb and is therefore thought to be essential for prv replication, as is gb for hsv replication. to isolate prv mutants deficient in gii expression, we established cell lines that stably carry the prv gii gene ...19911846188
construction of herpes simplex viruses that are pseudodiploid for the glycoprotein b gene: a strategy for studying the function of an essential herpesvirus gene.the primary structure of glycoprotein b (gb) is conserved strongly among many members of the herpesviridae, including some that differ vastly in their natural properties. to determine whether the structural similarity between the gbs of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) was reflected in functional homology, we constructed pseudodiploid hsv-1 virions which, in addition to their own gene encoding gb, also contained a gene for encoding bhv-1 gb. two kinds of ...19911847175
bovine herpesvirus 1 attachment to permissive cells is mediated by its major glycoproteins gi, giii, and giv.a bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) giii deletion mutant (giii-) was produced by means of recombinant dna that retained the ability to replicate in cell culture. however, the giii- mutant was functionally defective, showing impaired attachment to permissive cells, a delay in virus replication, and reduced extracellular virus production. the attachment defect exhibited by the giii- mutant is an indication of the role played by giii in the normal infection process. this was shown by dramatically decrea ...19911847442
biochemical and functional characterization of 8-10c5 (gp120,90), a novel molecule on the surface of bovine t leucocytes.an unclustered molecule, 8-10c5, present on bovine leucocytes, was characterized using a monoclonal antibody (mab) prepared at the university of wisconsin-madison, and the functional and biochemical characteristics of that molecule compared to defined molecules. this molecule was present on a large percentage of peripheral blood cells (84%), including t and b lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils, but was absent from immature thymocytes. mab 8-10c5 blocked proliferation to alloantigen and bovin ...19901702751
gene mapping of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viral dna genome.a bovine herpesvirus i (bhv-i) hindiii genomic bank spanning 89% of the entire genome was constructed and individual fragments analyzed for their capacity to select specific mrnas which were then expressed by in vitro translation assays. this procedure allowed the mapping of more than 20 viral polypeptides to discrete regions of the dna genome. some polypeptides map in neighboring hindiii fragments while most seem encoded in single fragments. in particular, the coding sequences for an abundant 9 ...19902155599
eradication of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in switzerland: review and prospects.ten years after the first outbreak of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) in swiss dairy cows, the national cattle herd is almost free from infection with ibr virus (bovine herpesvirus 1, bhv 1). the national programme for the eradication of ibr was divided into four phases: (1) prevention of transmission of the infection by restrictions on trade of bovines and assessment of the prevalence of cattle with antibodies to bhv 1. (2) slaughtering animals with antibodies to bhv 1 in order to eradi ...19902205972
recombinant herpesviral proteins produced by cell-free translation provide a novel approach for the mapping of t lymphocyte epitopes.the availability of viral genes in cloned dna forms, in addition to the parallel development of an efficient cell-free system capable of producing viral proteins in vitro, has provided new opportunities for the identification of important t cell ag encoded within viral genomes. we have cloned bovine herpesvirus type 1 surface glycoproteins gi, giii, and giv into the rna transcription vector pe5lvpo. after translation of the resulting viral mrna in rabbit reticulocyte lysates, each cloned viral p ...19901694887
restriction endonuclease analysis of alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 dna and molecular cloning of virus genomic dna for potential diagnostic use.alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (ahv-1) genomic dna was analyzed using restriction enzymes having recognition sequences both low in guanine-cytosine content (bamhi, kpni, hindiii) and high in guanine-cytosine content (smai, avai, apai). the results from the restriction enzyme analyses along with exonuclease treatment demonstrated that the termini of ahv-1 dna are likely composed of polyrepetitive sequences high in guanine-cytosine content similar to those found in herpesvirus saimiri dna. cleaving ahv ...19901965581
comparison of three serological techniques for the diagnosis of bovine herpesvirus type 1: serum neutralization, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence.serum neutralization (sn), indirect immunofluorescence (ifi) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) were compared for their sensitivity and specificity to detect bovine serum antibodies to bovine herpesvirus type 1 on 105 bovine serum samples. high correlation coefficients among all three techniques were observed, showing a higher sensitivity for the elisa test. due to its simplicity and its feasibility to be adopted in less equipped laboratories, the elisa test is recommended for large s ...19901966502
comparison of persistence of seven bovine viruses on bovine embryos following in vitro exposure.the ability of seven cytopathic strains of bovine viruses to adhere to the zona pellucida of six-to-eight day-old bovine embryos were compared. embryos were exposed to virus by placing them either in virus suspensions or by culturing them on infected bovine turbinate cultures for 18-24 h. after exposure to bovine virus diarrhea virus (bvdv), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibv), bluetongue virus (btv), pseudorabies virus (prv), vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), parainfluenza 3 virus (pi ...19902107070
an igm specific elisa for the serodiagnosis of viral bovine respiratory infections.a capture elisa for the detection of igm antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) and to bovine respiratory syncytial (brs) viruses was developed. in these assays, the first monoclonal antibody to bovine igm is used as the catching antibody while the second monoclonal detects specific antiviral antibodies. the test was evaluated on serum samples originating from both experimentally and naturally infected animals. from these studies, it has been shown that primary ibr and brs virus i ...19901963838
protective effect of inactivated pasteurella haemolytica bacterin challenged in bovine herpesvirus-1 experimentally infected calves.formalin-inactivated and sonicated pasteurella haemolytica bacterins were prepared from 1 h cultures of bacterial pellets in rpmi-1640 medium containing 7% fetal calf serum. the bacterial pellets were obtained from logarithmic phase growth of the organism by centrifugation. the protective effect of the vaccine was evaluated in 43 specific-pathogen-free hereford crossbred calves and yearlings in three experiments. cattle were either single vaccinated or boosted via three routes; intratracheally ( ...19902168606
bovine cells expressing bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein iv resist infection by bhv-1, herpes simplex virus, and pseudorabies virus.we expressed the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein iv (giv) in bovine cells. the protein expressed was identical in molecular mass and antigenic reactivity to the native giv protein but was localized in the cytoplasm. expressing cells were partially resistant to bhv-1, herpes simplex virus, and pseudorabies virus, as shown by a 10- to 1,000-fold-lower number of plaques forming on these cells than on control cells. the level of resistance depended on the level of giv expression and the ty ...19902168973
a reliable method for establishing viral infection in the rabbit by intranasal inoculation.bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) infection was established in the rabbit by a novel procedure which involved virus being injected through trephine openings on either side of the nose of anaesthetised animals. this method of intranasal inoculation produced more consistent reactions to bhv-1 inoculation, and both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to the virus were of greater magnitude compared with those following per naris instillation of virus.19902157733
effects of passive immunization of growing guinea-pigs with an insulin-like growth factor-i monoclonal antibody.the physiological importance of circulating as opposed to locally produced insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) has not been determined. by using a passive immunoneutralization technique, our objectives were to evaluate the role of circulating igf-i in the regulation of animal growth and pituitary gh content. a monoclonal antibody (mab) to igf-i, generated in our laboratory, has an affinity (ka) of 0.13 litres/pmol for recombinant human igf-i (rhigf-i). cross-reactivities of recombinant des-trip ...19902159044
expression of bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein gi in transfected bovine cells induces spontaneous cell fusion.bovine mdbk cells were transfected with rous sarcoma virus-based vectors for constitutive expression of the bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein, gi. cell lines stably expressing recombinant gi were cloned and characterized. recombinant gi was localized intracellularly, predominantly in a perinuclear region, and on the cell surface. cells expressing gi exhibited spontaneous polykaryon formation, thus confirming the fusogenic activity described previously in gi-expressing transfected mu ...19902161053
[the detection of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv 1) using an intradermal test. ii. experimental studies].a purified concentrated bhv1 antigen that had been tested in field trials was also tested under isolated conditions in bhv1 positive and negative cattle. the antigen proved to act specifically even after storage for 2 years at +4 degrees c or for 6 months at 37 degrees c. the best results were obtained when the test was read 48-72 hours after the injection, which is in agreement with the field trials. the increase in skin thickness decreased unless boosted by infection or vaccination gradually. ...19902161170
lymphocyte proliferative responses to separated bovine herpesvirus 1 proteins in immune cattle.the immune response to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) infection can protect cattle from subsequent challenge with the virus. this protection involves a variety of defensive strategies, and the activation of most of these defenses requires the recognition of viral proteins by the cellular immune system. to identify some of the bhv-1 proteins recognized by t lymphocytes, we measured in vitro proliferative responses to individual proteins. viral proteins were separated by gel electrophoresis followed ...19902168990
differentiation of vaccine and field strains of bovine herpesvirus type 1 by restriction endonuclease analysis.bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) dna molecules obtained from a limited number of infected cells were cleaved with a variety of restriction endonucleases. by use of selected dna fragments in bgl 1, pst 1, pvu 1 and pvu 11 restriction patterns, one reference, two vaccine and three wild-type strains of bhv-1 were distinguished from one another. the simplified dna fingerprinting method described here should be most useful, not only to control the genetic stability of bhv-1 vaccines during productio ...19902166848
identification of the gene homologous to hsv major dna binding protein in the bhv-1 genome.by means of southern blot hybridisation using a cloned herpes simplex virus (hsv) major dna binding protein (mdbp) gene as probe, the putative mdbp gene of bhv-1 was located within the hind iii g fragment which mapped between 0.352 and 0.381 map units of the bhv-1 genome. moreover, an antiserum raised to hsv mdbp precipitated a 120kd polypeptide in a radio-immunoprecipitation test.19902162100
[seroepizootiologic studies of the distribution of bovine herpesvirus type 1 and 2 (bhv 1, bhv 2) in namibia].from cattle breeding areas of namibia a total of 2,800 sera from 1984-1987 were tested by elisa for antibodies to bhv1 and bhv2. from north-east to south-west a drop in bhv2 antibody prevalences was found which paralleled the decrease in rainfall. with bhv1 the percentage of positive reacting sera was also highest in the northern communal areas (up to 80%). in the commercial farming area with best farming conditions the percentage was lowest, but it was south of here again higher in the areas of ...19902166985
a study of the predominant genotypes of bovid herpesvirus 1 found in the u.k.the genotypic classification of 84 u.k. isolates of bovid herpesvirus 1 was determined by the restriction endonuclease technique. preliminary studies with six enzymes (ecori, hindiii, hpai, bamhi, psti and bsteii) showed that the principal genotypic variants, including the live vaccine strains used in the u.k., could be identified from the digestion patterns with just two endonucleases: hindiii and hpai. isolates from the 1960s were all categorised as genotype 2b. from 1977 onwards, genotype 1 h ...19902162101
comparative genome mapping of bovine encephalitis herpesvirus, bovine herpesvirus 1, and buffalo herpesvirus.a clone library of 11 of 15 bamhi fragments representing 81% of the 140 kilobase dna genome of the prototype bovine encephalitis herpesvirus strain n569 (behv.n569) was constructed. the clones were used to verify the bamhi, bsteii, ecori, and hindiii genomic maps for behv.n569 published by engels et al. [virus res 6: 57-73 (1986)] for the same virus although some amendments/variations to the bamhi map were found in that 3 previously unidentified restriction sites were identified. restriction sit ...19902167057
experimental reactivation of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) by means of corticosteroids in an intranasal rabbit model.intranasal inoculation of the rabbit was shown to be a viable alternative to eye inoculation as a model to study latency and reactivation of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1). in four different experiments, separate groups of rabbits were intranasally inoculated with bhv-1. in two experiments some rabbits were inoculated instead with a tk-defective (tk-) mutant strain of bhv-1. the development of a specific antibody response was monitored by both virus neutralization and elisa assays. cell-mediated i ...19902164377
necrotic oophoritis in heifers vaccinated intravenously with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus vaccine during estrus.twenty-two hereford heifers were injected im with prostaglandin f2 alpha a, 11 days apart to synchronize estrous cycles. twelve of 14 heifers that had signs of estrus were inoculated iv with 1 of 3 modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus vaccines, and 2 were assigned to a nonvaccinated control group. also, 6 of the 8 anestrous heifers were inoculated iv with 1 of the 3 vaccines on the fourth day after the last prostaglandin injection and the other 2 were assigned to the nonvaccinat ...19902167621
bovine natural killer-like cell responses against cell lines expressing recombinant bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoproteins.the murine retrovirus shuttle vector pzipneo sv(x)1 was used to construct plasmids encoding the three major surface glycoproteins of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1). each plasmid was transfected into d17, a canine osteosarcoma cell line sensitive to lysis by bovine nk-like cells when infected with bhv-1. after selection in g418 sulfate, cell lines expressing the recombinant gene products were sorted by flow microfluorimetry, radioimmunoprecipitated, and analyzed by sds-page for fidelity as compared ...19902165095
a group level analysis of the associations between antibodies to seven putative pathogens and respiratory disease and weight gain in ontario feedlot calves.the associations, at the group level, between serological titer to pasteurella haemolytica surface antigens (ph), pasteurella haemolytica cytotoxin (ph-cytox), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv), bovine virus diarrhea virus (bvdv), parainfluenza-3 virus (piv3), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), mycoplasma dispar (md), m. bovis (mb), and respiratory disease treatment rates, relapse rates, and 28 day weight gains were investigated in 14 groups of calves entering two feedlots during ye ...19902165846
anti-idiotypic antibodies induce neutralizing antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1.a neutralizing murine monoclonal antibody (mab) of the igg2a isotype (mm-113), specific for bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein giv, was used to develop anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-id) in a calf. the bovine anti-id were isolated from the serum of the immunized calf by affinity chromatography on an mm-113-sepharose column, followed by repeated adsorption on a murine igg2a column. the anti-id thus obtained specifically reacted with mm-113, but not with isotype-matched controls. they also ...19902165998
determination of bhv1 specific immune reactivity in naturally infected and vaccinated animals by lymphocyte proliferation assays.the in vitro bhv1-specific lymphocyte stimulation assay was used to investigate immune reactivity of cattle after natural infection or vaccination with bhv1. proliferative responses to live virus were shown in tests with peripheral blood lymphocytes of seropositive field virus-infected animals and of vaccinated animals. nineteen out of 36 seropositive field virus-infected animals did not show in vitro responses. nine out of 12 animals showed, at least transient, responsiveness after vaccination. ...19902168602
inhibition of antigen-induced and interleukin-2-induced proliferation of bovine peripheral blood leukocytes by inactivated bovine herpes virus 1.the mechanism by which bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) predisposes cattle to bacterial pneumonia was investigated by using an in vitro system to demonstrate immunosuppression. at a multiplicity of infection of 0.001, live or inactivated bhv-1 induced a 50% inhibition of the proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes to antigen (vaccinia virus in vaccinia virus-immunized cattle which were bhv-1 negative) or interleukin-2. at this same multiplicity of infection, the mitogen-ind ...19902166810
molecular cloning, sequencing, and expression of functional bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein giv in transfected bovine cells.the gene encoding bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein giv was mapped, cloned, and sequenced. the gene is situated between map units 0.892 and 0.902 and encodes a predicted protein of 417 amino acids with a signal sequence cleavage site between amino acids 18 and 19. comparison of the bhv-1 amino acid sequence with the homologous glycoproteins of other alphaherpesviruses, including herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein gd, revealed significant homology in the amino-terminal half of the m ...19902168991
analysis of the transcriptional promoter which regulates the latency-related transcript of bovine herpesvirus 1.as a transcriptional promoter in primary cultures of sensory ganglionic neurons, dna sequences near the 5' terminus of the latency-related (lr) gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 were at least 10 times more efficient than the simian virus 40 early promoter-enhancer. in contrast, as a promoter in bovine, rodent, or monkey cells, the lr promoter was approximately six times less efficient than the simian virus 40 early promoter-enhancer. the lr promoter had strict orientation preferences in neurons and a ...19902154601
experimental transmission of bovine viral diseases by insemination with contaminated semen or during embryo transfer.three experimental approaches were used to study transmission of blue tongue (bt), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) and bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd) viruses. these were insemination with contaminated semen, experimental infection of embryo donor cows, or transfer of embryos experimentally exposed to virus in vitro to normal recipients. parameters assessed included number and quality of embryos produced, virus detection (isolation and electron microscopy), serology and histopathology. all ...19902155769
adjuvanticity of recombinant bovine interleukin-1 beta: influence on immunity, infection, and latency in a bovine herpesvirus-1 infection.recombinant bovine interleukin-1 beta (rboil-1 beta) was administered to calves in conjunction with a bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) vaccine. all calves were immunized against bhv-1 and three groups received rboil-1 beta at 33, 100, or 330 ng/kg on days 1 and 15; control animals received physiological saline. all calves were challenged with bhv-1 on day 22. total leukocytes were increased by rboil-1 beta, primarily by causing neutrophilia and monocytosis; cd4/cd8 ratios tended to be increased in r ...19902169009
serological evidence of herpesvirus infection in captive asian elephants (elephas maximus).in mid 1988 a 3-yr-old asian elephant (elephas maximus) from a circus in switzerland died following generalized manifestation of a herpesvirus infection. in an effort to determine prevalence of infection with the herpesvirus, and due to lack of a corresponding virus isolate, it was decided to evaluate contact animals and elephants from a second herd for antibody to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) and bovine herpesvirus 2 (bhv2). of 15 sera tested four displayed low neutralizing antibody titers to bh ...19902154628
the interaction between bovine herpesvirus type 1 and activated bovine t lymphocytes.the interaction between activated bovine t lymphocytes (btls) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) was investigated. bhv-1 infection of btls reduced the amplitude of recombinant bovine interleukin 2-induced proliferative responses. this decreased proliferation was caused by a virus-induced lymphocytolysis which was dependent on viable virus and was not inhibited by recombinant bovine interferon-alpha i1. furthermore, lymphocytolysis was not associated with virus replication or with the synthesi ...19902155290
isolation and reactivation of bovid herpesvirus 1 in goats.a virus isolate, recovered from the brain of a goat which died following signs of nervous disease, was identified as bhv-1. differentiation with the antigenically related caprine herpesvirus (bhv-6) was achieved by restriction endonuclease fingerprinting. eighteen months after the last clinical episode, bhv-1 infection was reactivated in a seropositive goat from the same herd following dexamethasone treatment.19902155378
a serological comparison of some animal herpesviruses.bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) isolates (cooper-type strain 4975 and oxford) were compared in neutralization tests with the bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) isolate (85/16 tv) and the herpesviruses of red deer (d2839/1) and goats (e/ch). hyperimmune antiserum was prepared in rabbits against the plaque-selected viruses and endpoint and kinetic neutralization test were made. bhv-4 was clearly different from the other four viruses. the closely-related bhv-1 strains were also related in these tests to the ...19902170074
recombination of genomic terminus of bovine herpesvirus type 1 with cellular dna.bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) has a linear dna genome of about 135 kb which appears as two isomers, resulting from its short unique segment being present in the two possible orientations with respect to the large unique segment. bhv-1 also circularizes its dna to form replicative molecules. definition of the target sequences at the genomic termini involved in the recombination events during genomic replication and isomerization, as well as virus maturation, led to the discovery that 10% of the ge ...19902170573
the location and nucleotide sequence of the thymidine kinase gene of bovine herpesvirus type 1.2.on the basis of their restriction endonuclease digestion patterns, four australian bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) isolates were classified as belonging to the bhv-1.2a subtypes. the thymidine kinase (tk) genes of all four bhv-1.2a isolates were located on a 3.5 kb sali restriction fragment. this is in contrast to north american and european bhv-1.1 isolates whose tk genes are contained on a 2.6 to 2.8 kb sali fragment. the restriction fragments containing the tk genes were cloned into phagemi ...19902172455
effect of bovine herpesvirus-1 or parainfluenza-3 virus on immune receptor-mediated functions of bovine alveolar macrophages in the presence or absence of virus-specific serum or pulmonary lavage fluids collected after virus infection.the immune receptor-mediated functions of bovine alveolar macrophages (am) inoculated in vitro with bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) or parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus were tested in the presence or absence of virus-specific antiserum or pulmonary lavage fluids collected from calves 6 days after inoculation with bhv-1 or pi-3 virus. the fc and c3b phagocytic indices of noninoculated am, collected from 6- to 16-week-old calves, ranged from 75 to 87 and 59 to 64, respectively, and the binding indices ran ...19902173445
characterization of the latency-related transcriptionally active region of the bovine herpesvirus 1 genome.approximate 5' and 3' ends of the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) latency-related rna (lr rna) were mapped in rabbit trigeminal ganglia (tg) by in situ hybridization. the data provide a size estimate of 0.77 to 1.16 kb for the lr rna. an lr rna mapping to a similar location was also detected in tg of cattle latently infected with bhv-1. the bhv-1 lr region is transcriptionally active in bovine cell cultures lytically infected with bhv-1. a 1.15-kb transcript, present at early and late times postinf ...19902173765
failure of an in vitro lymphoproliferative assay specific for bovine herpes virus type 1 to detect immunised or latently infected animals.the in vitro lymphoproliferative assay specific for bovine herpes virus type 1 (bhv1) was tested for its ability to predict whether an animal was protected against challenge with virulent bhv1 and for its ability to identify animals latently infected with the virus. three animals that had been in contact with a field strain of the virus, three that had been vaccinated with a modified live-virus vaccine seven weeks previously, six that had been vaccinated in the same way five months previously, a ...19902171184
a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) antibody.a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to detect and measure antibody to bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) in cattle sera. the optical density produced from a single dilution of test serum was compared with a standard curve and the results were read and printed out from a computer interfaced to a multichannel elisa reader. the printed results were expressed in elisa units. the elisa results obtained on 370 cattle sera were compared with those of the serum neutrali ...19902175205
serum copper, zinc, calcium and phosphorus concentrations of calves stressed by bovine respiratory disease and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis.the relationship between serum minerals and stress and(or) disease has not been fully evaluated in beef cattle. two trials were conducted to determine the changes in serum cu and zn during market-transit stress and(or) disease. two additional trials were conducted to determine the changes in serum cu and zn after inoculation with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv), with one of the trials determining the changes in serum ca and p. trials 1 (n = 80) and 2 (n = 100) utilized calves that ...19902211419
the effects of dexamethasone, betamethasone, flunixin and phenylbutazone on bovine natural-killer-cell cytotoxicity.a series of in-vitro experiments was performed utilizing the ability of bovine peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) to induce lysis of madin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells infected with bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1), in an antibody-independent natural-killer(nk)-cell cytotoxic assay. the effects of dexamethasone (dexamethasone sodium phosphate), betamethasone (betamethasone sodium phosphate), flunixin (flunixin meglumine) and phenylbutazone on this nk cytolysis were studied using concentrat ...19902231870
an outbreak of granulomatous vulvitis in feedlot heifers.an unusual form of vulvitis occurred in outbreak form affecting at least 18 of a group of 35 to 40 heifers soon after their introduction to a feedlot in the western transvaal area of the republic of south africa. initially, affected animals showed a knob-like swelling of the ventral commissure of the vulva. this grew in size up to approximately 6 cm in diameter and then appeared to burst open and give rise to a granulomatous lesion. bovine herpesvirus type-1, moraxella bovis, mycoplasma bovigeni ...19902269990
a field investigation of causes of abortion in dairy cattle.cases of abortion on dairy farms on the lancashire/cumbria border were investigated by means of a systematic diagnostic procedure, using the facilities of a veterinary practice's laboratory, and the ministry of agriculture, fisheries and food veterinary investigation centre. among approximately 3600 animals, 149 abortions were investigated on 54 farms in two years, an annual abortion rate of 2 per cent. a diagnosis was made in 34 per cent of the cases, based on a pathological examination of abor ...19902281595
bovine monoclonal antibodies specific for bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein giii.spleen cells from a calf immunized with bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) were fused with the nonsecreting murine cell line sp2/0. several bovine-murine hybridomas secreting bovine immunoglobulins were stabilized. of these, 9 hybridomas secreted bovine monoclonal antibodies that specifically bound to bhv-1 in a radioimmunoassay. two of these monoclonal antibodies reacted specifically with bhv-1 in an indirect fluorescent antibody test and immunoprecipitated a bhv-1 glycoprotein with molecular mass of ...19902327611
mapping of 10 epitopes on bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoproteins gi and giii.in order to map some of the immunologically important sites on bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), deleted, truncated, and hybrid forms of glycoproteins gi and giii were expressed in transfected murine lmtk- cells. the cells were tested for reactivity with a panel of 16 gi- or giii-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) possessing conformation-independent antigen binding properties. this panel represented five epitopes on gi and five epitopes on giii. for gi, two epitopes were mapped between resid ...19901691884
molecular mimicry: a herpes virus glycoprotein antigenically related to a cell-surface glycoprotein expressed by macrophages, polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and platelets.bovine herpes virus type 1 (bhv-1) giii is a major virion glycoprotein with homology to the immunoglobulin superfamily. we have investigated the possibility that giii is related to host molecules and have identified a giii-specific monoclonal antibody (mab) that cross-reacts with normal bovine cells. the cross-reactive entity was expressed mainly on monocyte/macrophages (m phi), polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmn) and platelets, and was identified as a 43,000-63,000 molecular weight (mw) cell-sur ...19901697564
epitope specificity of the protective immune response induced by individual bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoproteins.affinity-purified bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) glycoproteins gi, giii and giv, as well as a virus-free bhv-1-infected cell lysate were injected intramuscularly into seronegative calves. all immunized animals developed specific serum-neutralizing antibodies and they were fully protected from disease, using a bhv-1/pasteurella haemolytica challenge model. after challenge, viral replication in the nasal passages was significantly reduced in animals vaccinated with giv (10,000-fold) or bhv-1-infecte ...19901697722
prospective serology and analysis in diagnosis of dairy cow abortion.a prospective serologic investigation was undertaken on 3 california dairies (herds 1, 3, and 4, as previously designated in a report on abortion surveillance) to determine if fetal loss was associated with infectious disease agents in cows. the diagnostic problem in these herds was typical of many dairies in that abortions were not discovered for several months and aborted fetuses were seldom recovered. blood from approximately 100 pregnant cows in each herd was sampled at monthly intervals, be ...19901965632
neutralizing antibodies to bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) and bovine parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) viruses in cattle in tunisia.a serological survey was conducted in an attempt to detect antibodies to bovine respiratory viruses in cattle from several localities around tunis. blood was collected from approximately 10% of the animals in each of the 44 farms visited and tested for specific antibodies against bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) and bovine parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) viruses, by elisa and serum neutralization (sn). antibodies to pi-3 and bhv-1 viruses were demonstrated in 55.3% and 25.9% animals, respectively. an overall ...19901966261
the role of carbohydrate in the antigenic and immunogenic structure of bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoproteins gi and giv.the role of carbohydrate in the antigenic and immunogenic structure of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) glycoproteins gi and giv was investigated. deglycosylated proteins induced a significantly lower antibody response in rabbits than native glycoproteins suggesting that the immunogenicity of several epitopes on gi and giv is carbohydrate-dependent. loss of carbohydrate from gi also resulted in a significantly decreased ability to induce a serum neutralizing antibody response to bhv-1, due to m ...19901698921
trypsin treatment of bovine embryos after in vitro exposure to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus or bovine herpesvirus-4.the objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of trypsin treatment for the removal/inactivation of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) adhering to zona pellucida-intact (zp-i) bovine embryos and to determine if bovine herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4) adheres to zp-i bovine embryos. when adherence of bhv-4 was demonstrated, an additional objective was to determine whether trypsin treatment removes or inactivates this virus. a total of 139 zp-i embryos was collected from superovulated ...199016726850
effects of hormone-induced superovulation on latent infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in cattle.twelve nulliparous, sexually mature heifers free of antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus were exposed intranasally to colorado strain ibr virus. after 3 mos, when the postexposure antibody titers had stabilized, the heifers were divided into three groups. individuals in each group were treated with either saline, dexamethasone or follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) for five consecutive days. blood samples were taken at predetermined intervals for isolation of virus, and for ...198916726552
technical improvements of a commercial elisa to detect antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 1.prevention and control of the spread of ibr/ipv virus in cattle presumes exact diagnosis even with large sample collections. the requirements are fulfilled firstly by the application of the most sensitive testing methods for virus specific antibodies, such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and secondly by the introduction of bovine milk as a specimen for sampling. data are presented demonstrating the application of a commercial elisa system for evaluation of large sample collecti ...19892535887
characterization of bovine mononuclear cell populations with natural cytolytic activity against bovine herpesvirus 1-infected cells.freshly isolated or overnight cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from immune or nonimmune animals had natural cytolytic activity against bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1)-infected tumor target cells. no lysis was demonstrated against tumor target cells alone. this natural cytolytic activity was present in mononuclear cells from the spleen, lymph node, and peripheral blood but little or no cytolytic activity was detected in bone marrow or thymus cells. when monoclonal antibodies and complemen ...19892539267
the interferon sensitivity of selected porcine viruses.the objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity of 11 porcine viruses to the antiviral effects of porcine interferon-alpha in serum from piglets which had been infected 19 h previously with transmissible gastroenteritis virus, and of porcine interferon-beta prepared in pk-15 cells by induction with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, in yield reduction assays in pig kidney cells which were treated with interferon before virus challenge, and both before and after virus challenge. the most ...19892492445
epitope specificity of the bovine antibody response to the giii glycoprotein of bovine herpesvirus type 1.a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to bhv-1, specific for gi and giii glycoproteins and for a nonglycosylated core protein p100, was used to examine the epitope specificity of the immune response to the virus in naturally exposed and experimentally infected cattle. sera from experimentally infected calves were analyzed in a competition elisa (c-elisa). antibody to an epitope on giii appeared as early as 4 days post infection, although virus-neutralizing antibody did not appear until day 8 o ...19892476147
effects of bovine respiratory disease viruses and isoprinosine on bovine leukocyte function in vitro.peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 4- to 6-month-old-calves were inoculated in vitro with bovine herpesvirus-1, parainfluenza-3, or bovine virus diarrhea viruses. no increase in infectious virus progeny was observed; however, the viruses were detected in the cells for at least 96 h post-infection without any significant reduction in cell viability. the three viruses, either alone or in combination, suppressed phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferation of the mononuclear cells. the gr ...19892477940
[the effectiveness of the paramunity inducer baypamun (pind-orf) for the prevention and metaphylaxis of an experimental infection with the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in cattle].efficacy of the paramunity inducer baypamun (pind-orf) was evaluated by an ibr challenge trial in cattle, as one model for infectious diseases in bovine. prophylactic treatment with baypamun protected cattle against manifestation of clinical symptoms after experimental ibr infection. the degree of protection depended on the time between paramunization and challenge infection. even in metaphylactically paramunized cattle baypamun reduced the ibr symptoms. in correlation to the reduction of clinic ...19892479119
bovine herpesvirus-1 and parainfluenza-3 virus interactions: clinical and immunological response in calves.calves infected with bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) or both bhv-1 and parainfluenza-3 virus (piv-3) developed clinical signs including fever, cough, and nasal and ocular discharges. animals infected with both viruses appeared more depressed and showed higher rectal temperature, while calves inoculated with piv-3 alone had a very mild clinical disease. both bhv-1 and piv-3 were recovered from nasal secretions up to six to eight days postinoculation. however, the virus titers were lower in calves wi ...19892536581
inhibition of t-lymphocyte mitogenic responses and effects on cell functions by bovine herpesvirus 1.the mitogenic response of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by concanavalin a (cona) was suppressed by infectious bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1). proliferation in response to interleukin-2 (il-2) by il-2-dependent lymphocyte cultures was also inhibited by bhv-1. although inhibition of mitogenesis approached 100%, less than 1 cell in 1,000 was productively infected by bhv-1 in cona-stimulated cultures. neither conditioned medium from mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclea ...19892538643
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