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enterocin 226nwc, a bacteriocin produced by enterococcus faecalis 226, active against listeria monocytogenes.enterococcus faecalis 226, isolated from natural whey cultures utilized as starters in the manufacture of mozzarella cheese from water-buffalo milk, produces a bacteriocin designated enterocin 226nwc. the bacteriocin was isolated from culture supernatant fluids of the producer strain and was active against strains of the same species and listeria monocytogenes, but not against useful lactic acid bacteria. enterocin 226nwc is a protein with an apparent molecular weight of about 5800; it is relati ...19938486543
heat resistance of listeria monocytogenes by two recovery media used with and without cold preincubation.three strains of listeria monocytogenes were heat-treated at three temperatures in physiological saline by a capillary tube method. recovery of heat-treated bacteria was performed on blood agar and on tryptose phosphate agar with ferric citrate and aesculin (tpa-fe). both media were used in two ways: (1) incubation at 37 degrees c for 7 d, and (2) preincubation at 4 degrees c for 5 d in order to obtain repair of heat-injured bacteria, followed by incubation at 37 degrees c for 7 d. d and z value ...19938486551
bactericidal activity of disinfectants on listeria.the bactericidal activity on listeria spp. of nine disinfectants used in the food industry was studied by previously published methods. the disinfectants were diluted to the test concentration in sterile standard hard water. various types of chemical agents were evaluated, including phenolic compounds, alcohols, quaternary ammonium compounds, surface-active agents, aldehydes and disochlorine tablets. the following strains isolated from cheese were studied: listeria innocua, l. welshimeri, l. mon ...19938486555
acetic, lactic and citric acids and ph inhibition of listeria monocytogenes scott a and the effect on intracellular ph.the effects of acetic, lactic and citric acids and ph on the growth and intracellular ph (phin) of listeria monocytogenes scott a were documented and compared for total acid concentrations ranging from 50 mmol ml-1 to 250 mmol ml-1 for acetic and lactic acids and from 25 mmol ml-1 to 100 mmol ml-1 for citric acid. initial ph values ranged from 4.7 to 6.0. although the growth rate of l. monocytogenes scott a was slower when incubated at 25 degrees c than at 37 degrees c, the relative acid and ph ...19938486558
growth of listeria monocytogenes and clostridium sporogenes in cottage cheese in modified atmosphere packaging.low fat cottage cheese (ph 5.14) was inoculated with three strains of listeria monocytogenes, serotypes 1a and 4b, an isolate from a dairy processing plant, and clostridium sporogenes atcc 3584. the cheese was packaged with or without added dissolved co2 in polystyrene tubs overwrapped with or without high barrier heat shrink film and stored at 4, 7, and 21 degrees c for up to 63 d. the concentration of co2 in the container headspace was 35% (vol/vol). the co2 concentration in that headspace dec ...19938486848
gastrointestinal carriage of listeria monocytogenes in household contacts of patients with listeriosis. 19938486970
oral infectivity and bacterial interactions with mononuclear phagocytes.the purpose of this study was to clarify the association between the oral infectivity of a bacterial strain and its susceptibility to ingestion by mononuclear phagocytes or ability to survive within them. ten bacterial strains tested--all of known oral infectivity--comprised salmonella typhimurium, listeria monocytogenes (three strains), escherichia coli (two strains), proteus mirabilis, enterococcus faecalis, bacteroides fragilis, and a bacteroides sp. the phagocytic uptake of each strain was m ...19938487291
a proposed nonpathogenic biological indicator for thermal inactivation of listeria monocytogenes.listeria innocua m1 was developed as a thermal processing indicator organism for l. monocytogenes by selection of a rifampin- and streptomycin-resistant mutant. zetad values were 5.6 and 5.8 degrees c, and d (68 degrees c) values were 3.8 and 4.9 s for l. monocytogenes and l. innocua, respectively, in skim milk. the advantages of easy selection, similar heat resistance, and nonpathogenicity make l. innocua m1 appropriate for challenge studies designed to evaluate process lethality with respect t ...19938489233
a new danish listeria monocytogenes phage typing system.a phage typing system was developed for listeria monocytogenes. phages were released from clinical and from food strains of l. monocytogenes by mitomycin c induction. the system consists of two subsystems, one of which is used to type l. monocytogenes serotype 1 strains, containing 12 phages, and a second which is used to type serotype 4 strains, containing 14 other phages. for the serotype 1 subsystem, the reproducibility was > or = 90%, the typability 92%, and the discriminatory power, as judg ...19938489767
listeria monocytogenes infection of a prosthetic vascular graft.a 75-year-old man was admitted for acute ischaemia of his right leg for which he had undergone vascular prosthetic surgery at another hospital, ten and three years before. cultures of the thrombosed graft and the clots removed on re-operation were positive for listeria monocytogenes. after parenteral treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and gentamicin, the patient died from cardiorespiratory failure.19938491522
membrane permeabilization of listeria monocytogenes and mitochondria by the bacteriocin mesentericin y105.mesentericin y105, a bacteriocin produced by a leuconostoc mesenteroides strain, dissipates the plasma membrane potential of listeria monocytogenes and inhibits the transport of leucine and glutamic acid. it also induces an efflux of preaccumulated amino acids from cells. in addition, the bacteriocin uncouples mitochondria by increasing state 4 respiration and decreasing state 3 respiration. the bacteriocin inhibits atp synthase and adenine nucleotide translocase of the organelle while the affin ...19938491741
[double listeria monocytogenes and leptospira infection]. 19938493235
antilisterial activity of pediocin ach in model food systems in the presence of an emulsifier or encapsulated within liposomes.the listericidal activity of pediocin ach was evaluated in slurries (5, 10, or 25% in dh2o) of nonfat dry milk, butterfat, beef muscle tissue, or beef tallow. slurries were inoculated with listeria monocytogenes (2-strain mixture; 2.5 x 10(6) cfu/ml) and then with pediocin ach (30,000 arbitrary units (au) per ml of slurry). although pediocin activity was reduced in slurries, sufficient pediocin remained to decrease the listeriae population. for all slurries tested, the greatest decrease in count ...19938494679
modelling bacterial growth of listeria monocytogenes as a function of water activity, ph and temperature.temperature, ph and water activity are important factors controlling the microbiological safety of foods. to describe the growth rate of listeria monocytogenes in relation to these factors, two equations have been developed. both equations are based upon the ratkowsky equation for temperature and growth rate. the first equation predicts growth rate at sub-optimal ph values, sub-optimal temperatures and sub-optimal water activities, the second model predicts growth throughout the entire ph range. ...19938494680
characterization of listeria strains isolated from soft cheese.three soft cheeses were exposed to quantitative analysis for listeria and found to contain a large number of listeria. thirty-five of the listeria strains isolated from the three cheeses were characterized by use of biochemical tests, serotyping, phagetyping and dna restriction enzyme analysis. seven isolates were identified as listeria innocua and 28 as listeria monocytogenes. two to four different clones of l. monocytogenes could be identified from each cheese. in contrast, only one clone coul ...19938494682
five-tube most-probable-number method using the fung-yu tube for enumeration of listeria monocytogenes in restructured meat products during refrigerated storage.the survival of listeria monocytogenes in cooked, chopped hams stored at 5 degrees c for 5 weeks was studied. slices of chopped ham (25 g) were inoculated with a three-strain mixture of l. monocytogenes (lm 101m, lm 103m, and scott a) at levels of < or = 350 cfu/25 g and packaged in stomacher bags. prior to inoculation, l. monocytogenes cells were subjected to either heat-injury (56 degrees c, 30 min) or freeze-injury (-18 degrees c, 14 days). the organisms were detected by a five-tube most-prob ...19938494686
fate of listeria monocytogenes in raw and cooked ground beef with meat processing additives.the effect of sodium lactate (1.8% w/w), sodium erythorbate (0.1% w/w), kappa-carrageenan (1% w/w), and the alginate meat binder (0.4% w/w, sodium alginate; 0.6% w/w lactic acid; and 0.075% w/w calcium carbonate) on listeria monocytogenes survival and growth was determined in raw and cooked ground beef stored aerobically at 4 degrees c. there was no significant (p > 0.05) increase in numbers of l. monocytogenes during storage of raw ground beef. however, l. monocytogenes numbers were generally l ...19938494691
pathogen-induced th1 phenotype development in cd4+ alpha beta-tcr transgenic t cells is macrophage dependent.we used an ovalbumin (ova)-specific alpha beta-tcr transgenic mouse system to examine the cellular basis of cd4+ t helper (th) phenotype development in vitro. heat-killed listeria monocytogenes (hklm) strongly promotes the in vitro development of a th1 phenotype in ova-specific transgenic t cells. listeria monocytogenes effects to promote the th1 phenotype are antigen presenting cell (apc) dependent and occur when splenic apcs, but not the b cell hybridoma ta3, are present during t cell activati ...19938494824
early symptoms and outcome of listeria monocytogenes rhombencephalitis: 14 adult cases.listeria monocytogenes rhombencephalitis has never been studied in a significant group of patients. we describe 14 adult cases who were seen over a 10-year period. a biphasic illness was characteristic: (1) prodromes (5-15 days) with malaise, fatigue, headache, nausea or vomiting, and fever; (2) cranial nerve palsy with facial palsy, diplopia, dysphagia, dysarthria, usually multiple. meningism and hemi- or tetraparesis were present in 11 patients and cerebellar dysfunction in 9 patients. in 4 ca ...19938496712
arsenic in the sera of gallium arsenide-exposed mice inhibits bacterial growth and increases host resistance.the objective of the present investigations was to evaluate whether the presence of gallium arsenide (gaas) in the sera of exposed mice was sufficient to retard bacterial growth. host resistance studies demonstrated that exposure of gaas (50-200 mg/kg) produced an increased resistance to streptococcus pneumoniae and listeria monocytogenes (50-100 mg/kg gaas) when microbial challenge occurred 24 hr after exposure. in contrast, exposed mice exhibited a profound and dose-related decrease in resista ...19938496824
pulsed-field gel electrophoresis applied for comparing listeria monocytogenes strains involved in outbreaks.recent food-borne outbreaks of human listeriosis as well as numerous sporadic cases have been mainly caused by listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b strains. thus, it was of interest to find out whether a certain clone or a certain few clones were responsible for these cases and especially for outbreaks. we used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of large chromosomal dna restriction fragments generated by apai, smai, or noti to analyse 75 l. monocytogenes strains isolated during six major and eight sm ...19938500010
effects of listeria monocytogenes and yersinia enterocolitica on cytokine gene expression and release from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes and epithelial (hep-2) cells.the gene expression and cytokine release of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta), il-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) after infection of human epithelial cells (hep-2 cells) and polymorphonuclear granulocytes (pmns) were investigated by using isogenic pairs of listeria monocytogenes and yersinia enterocolitica strains. by polymerase chain reaction-assisted mrna amplification and rna dot blot analysis, we showed that pmns and hep-2 cells expressed enhanced le ...19938500890
the cellular source of interleukin-6 during listeria infection.the cellular source of interleukin-6 (il-6) during infection of mice with listeria monocytogenes was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. peritoneal cells taken at intervals from infected mice and cultured in vitro without added stimulus produced high titers of il-6 peaking 2 days postinfection in a time course similar to that observed in vivo. adherent cells with the morphology of macrophages were a major source of this il-6. spleen cells similarly harvested at intervals and cultured with he ...19938500900
listeria monocytogenes-induced interferon-gamma primes the host for production of tumor necrosis factor and interferon-alpha/beta.mice acquired an enhanced capacity for the production of tumor necrosis factor (tnf) and the interferons (ifn)-alpha, and -beta shortly after intravenous injection of viable listeria monocytogenes. by the end of the first day of a sublethal infection, mice were primed to produce 100-1000 times more endotoxin-induced serum tnf than is produced by normal mice. acquisition of the augmented capacity for tnf production was due to l. monocytogenes-induced ifn-gamma. ifn-gamma also primed infected mice ...19938501325
cytokine mrna expression in livers of mice infected with listeria monocytogenes.temporally distinct groups of cytokine expression was observed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry in the livers of listeria monocytogenes-infected mice. one group consisted of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), and interleukin-10 (il-10), for which mrnas were induced within 1 day after challenge. a second group consisted of il-2 and il-4, for which mrna was strongly expressed at 1 day but t ...19938501395
[listeria monocytogenes in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 2 cases]. 19938502634
neonatal cross-infection with listeria monocytogenes.transmission of listeria monocytogenes by food continues to cause concern. even so, this is not the only means of transmission and neonatal hospital-acquired infection has been well recorded. we report here two cases of perinatal listeriosis one of which was likely to have been due to cross-contamination in a special care baby unit (scbu) with equipment acting as the vehicle.19938505564
effect of legionella pneumophila sonicate on killing of listeria monocytogenes by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils and monocytes.legionella pneumophila shares with other intracellular pathogens the ability to resist intracellular killing within phagocytes. an increasing number of cellular components of l. pneumophila are proposed as pathogenic factors of the organism. at the site of infection, the phagocytic cells will be exposed to bacterial components, either expressed on the surface of the organisms or released in the environment upon cell lysis. in this study, we have investigated the effect of water-soluble bacterial ...19938507462
brainstem encephalitis (rhombencephalitis) due to listeria monocytogenes: case report and review.listerial brainstem encephalitis is a rare disease. only 62 cases have been reported previously; all were in adults, only 8% of whom were immunosuppressed. the disease has a characteristic biphasic course: a nonspecific prodrome of headache, nausea or vomiting, and fever lasting for several days is followed by progressive asymmetrical cranial-nerve palsies, cerebellar signs, hemiparesis or hypesthesia, and impairment of consciousness. neck stiffness was initially present in only 55% of the cases ...19938507761
incidence of listeriosis in barcelona, spain, in 1990. the collaborative study group of listeriosis of barcelona.a population-based register of cases of listeriosis admitted to acute-care hospitals has been established in barcelona, spain, in order to estimate the basal incidence of sporadic cases and to facilitate epidemiological surveillance of potential epidemics. eleven acute-care hospitals reported all cases of listeriosis to a central unit following a standardized protocol. during 1990, 31 patients with listeriosis were identified, 18 of whom were residents of the city, resulting in an annual inciden ...19938508813
characterization of listeria strains from a foodborne listeriosis outbreak by rdna gene restriction patterns compared to four other typing methods.the rdna gene restriction patterns of 134 isolates of listeria species were determined with pkk3535--a pbr322 derived plasmid containing an escherichia coli rrna operon--used as a probe following digestion of chromosomal dna by ecori endonuclease. nineteen reference and type strains representing all species and serotypes of listeria showed 17 distinct ribotypes. one hundred and fifteen wild strains of listeria monocytogenes were ribotyped and the results were compared to those of serotyping, pha ...19938508814
murine complement receptor gene expression: cr2 gene transcripts are depressed during a high dose microbial challenge.the murine cr2 gene encodes mrna that produce two protein products predicted to be approximately 145,000 m(r) (cr2-145) and 190,000 m(r) (cr2-190). all cells examined which express the cr2 gene produce transcripts encoding both the cr2-145 and cr2-190 proteins: both transcripts are constitutively expressed by mature b cells. to determine if cr2 expression could be altered by activating splenic b cells, splenic cultures were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (lps) and cell surface ig chains were ...19938509145
listeria monocytogenes infections: the organism, its pathogenicity and antimicrobial drugs susceptibility.l. monocytogenes can induce serious, life-threatening infections. multiple clinical manifestations of the disease include neonatal and perinatal listeriosis, infections in adult immunocompromised patients as well as in normal hosts, with the cns as the more frequent site involved. many outbreaks are believed to be food-borne in origin, but there can be other means of transmission. the susceptibility of l. monocytogenes to different antimicrobial drugs is reviewed. many drugs that are highly effe ...19938510575
[liver abscess revealing listeriosis]. 19938511072
utilization of transferrin-bound iron by listeria monocytogenes.it has been demonstrated that under iron-restricted conditions, listeria monocytogenes can utilize iron-loaded transferrin (tf) from a range of species as its sole source of iron for growth. human transferrin conjugated to horseradish-peroxidase (hrp-tf) bound directly to whole cells of l. monocytogenes. this binding was blocked by apotransferrin indicating that the receptor can bind transferrin in either the iron-bound or iron-free form. transferrin-binding was not host specific because both bo ...19938514118
an anti-cd3 monoclonal antibody protects mice against a lethal infection with listeria monocytogenes through induction of endogenous cytokines.mice were protected against a lethal infection with listeria monocytogenes when treated with low doses of an anti-cd3 monoclonal antibody (mab). injection of anti-cd3 mab induced rapid production of endogenous tumor necrosis factor (tnf) in the spleens and endogenous gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) in the bloodstreams and spleens of mice. administration of anti-thy1.2 mab or a combination of anti-cd4 mab and anti-cd8 mab resulted in suppression of anti-cd3 mab-induced endogenous cytokine production ...19938514380
localization of the acta polypeptide of listeria monocytogenes in infected tissue culture cell lines: acta is not associated with actin "comets".the acta protein of the gram-positive pathogen listeria monocytogenes is a 90-kda polypeptide required for interaction of the bacteria with components of the host cell microfilament system to generate intra- and intercellular movement. to study the localization, distribution, and expression of the acta polypeptide in l. monocytogenes grown either in broth culture or in infected tissue culture cells, we first isolated acta by monoclonal antibody-based immunoaffinity chromatography. polyclonal rab ...19938514381
antimicrobial proteins of murine macrophages.three murine microbicidal proteins (mumps) were purified from cells of the murine macrophage cell line raw264.7 that had been activated by gamma interferon. similar proteins were also present in nonactivated raw264.7 cells, in cells of the murine macrophage cell line j774a.1, and in resident and activated murine peritoneal macrophages. mump-1, mump-2, and mump-3 killed salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, mycobacterium fortuitum, and cryptococc ...19938514411
multiplication of listeria monocytogenes in a murine hepatocyte cell line.listeria monocytogenes was shown to invade and multiply in a murine hepatocyte cell line (atcc tib73). hemolytic and nonhemolytic l. monocytogenes strains exhibited similar abilities to invade hepatocytes, but only hemolytic l. monocytogenes multiplied within this cell line. microscopic evaluation of monolayers stained with wright stain demonstrated focal necrosis (plaques) in the hepatocyte monolayers, with large numbers of intracellular listeriae visible within the hepatocytes that lined the m ...19938514413
detection of a prfa-independent promoter responsible for listeriolysin gene expression in mutant listeria monocytogenes strains lacking the prfa regulator.expression of listeriolysin, a major virulence factor of pathogenic listeria monocytogenes, is positively regulated by the pleiotropic virulence regulator prfa. in this study, we demonstrate that l. monocytogenes strains lacking the prfa regulator gene produce listeriolysin in small, albeit detectable, amounts when analyzed in a hemolysin assay and by immunoblots with listeriolysin-specific monoclonal antibodies. transcriptional analysis revealed the existence of a prfa-independent promoter that ...19938514414
[listeria monocytogenes femoral aneurysm].secondary infection of arterial aneurysms being a constantly possible complication, the bacteriological examination of peroperative specimens appears to be appropriate. among responsible organisms, the presence of listeria monocytogenes is very rare since only 13 cases have been reported in the literature. it is for this reason that it was felt to be of interest to report a new, entirely similar case of femoral aneurysm.19938517597
detection of listeria monocytogenes in cheese with the magnetic immuno-polymerase chain reaction assay.a new detection system, the magnetic immuno-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay (mipa) has been developed to detect listeria monocytogenes in food. this method separates listeria cells from pcr-inhibitory factors present in enrichment broths containing food samples by using magnetic beads coated with specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs). the separated bacteria were lysed, and the supernatant containing the bacterial dna was subjected to the pcr. detection of l. monocytogenes in three naturall ...19938517730
comparative activities of macrolide derivatives on murine listeriosis.the new macrolide derivatives such as clarithromycin, roxithromycin and azithromycin have only slightly stronger in vitro antibacterial activity on listeria monocytogenes than the older derivatives such as erythromycin and spiramycin. in vivo, however, the new macrolides exert a much better therapeutic action on murine listeriosis. among the new derivatives, clarithromycin is the most active. azithromycin has one characteristic advantage: it is still active several days after cessation of therap ...19938518506
a method for typing listeria monocytogenes strains by classification of listeriocins and phage receptors.a method for typing listeria monocytogenes (l.m.) strains was developed which is based on two different approaches. first, strains were classified according to the phage receptors specific to their mitomycin-induced prophages. the frequency of lysogenic strains ranged between 63 and 80%, depending on the serotype. for non-lysogenic strains, a reversed phage-receptor analysis was applied based on the susceptibility of the strains to be typed against bacteriophages from selected, inducible indicat ...19938518513
the contamination of paté by listeria monocytogenes in england and wales in 1989 and 1990.in july 1989, 1834 samples of paté (of which 1698 were from retail displays) were examined by the phls for the presence of listeria monocytogenes. the survey was repeated in july 1990, when 626 paté samples on retail sale were examined. between the two surveys there was a marked reduction in the proportions of patés contaminated (10% in 1989 and 4% in 1990) and in the numbers of samples from which > 10(3) l. monocytogenes/g were recovered. the higher rate of contamination detected in 1989 was la ...19938519319
cell interactions of listeria monocytogenes l forms and peritoneal exudative cells in rats.listeria monocytogenes 4b and its forms without cell walls (l forms of a protoplastic type) were used to study in vivo interactions with host cells. samples of peritoneal lavage fluid were obtained from rats intraperitoneally inoculated at intervals between 1 and 15 days after challenge, for scanning electron microscopic, bacteriological, biochemical, and cytometrical investigations. scanning electron microscopic examination revealed continuous adhesion of l forms on the macrophage surface up to ...19938306205
listeria monocytogenes udder infection and carcase contamination. 19938310624
behaviour of listeria monocytogenes during the maturation of naturally and artificially contaminated salami: effect of lactic-acid bacteria starter cultures.the antimicrobial activity of a bacteriocin-producing lactobacillus plantarum mcs strain against listeria monocytogenes in naturally and artificially contaminated salami was evaluated in comparison with that of other non bacteriocin-producing lactic-acid bacteria (i.e., l. plantarum mcs1 mutant strain and two commercial starter cultures). in salami not inoculated with lactic-acid bacteria, moderate l. monocytogenes growth was observed after 7-14 days. the addition of the starter cultures prevent ...19938312141
isolation and characterization of listeria monocytogenes-specific nucleotide sequences.subtracter probe hybridization was used to screen a partial genomic library of a clinical isolate of listeria monocytogenes. three clones that hybridized with genomic dna from 174 strains of l. monocytogenes but not with genomic dna from 32 strains representing other listeria spp. were recovered. these data establish the utility of subtracter probe hybridization for recovering l. monocytogenes-specific sequences.19938285722
generalised listeria monocytogenes infection in a dog.a 6-year-old doberman bitch was presented for an acute onset of circling, hemiparesis and depression. clinical examination revealed conjunctivitis, abdominal pain, anaemia, decreased facial sensation, decreased jaw, tongue and pharyngeal tone, decreased conscious proprioception, decreased flexor withdrawal reflexes, and abnormal hemiwalking and hemistanding. pancytopaenia was evident on haematological evaluation. bone marrow cytology revealed a bacterial infection. cerebrospinal fluid analysis w ...19938176688
adhering heat-killed human lactobacillus acidophilus, strain lb, inhibits the process of pathogenicity of diarrhoeagenic bacteria in cultured human intestinal cells.heat-killed l. acidophilus, strain lb, was tested for its ability to adhere in vitro onto human enterocyte-like caco-2 and muco-secreting ht29-mtx cells in culture. the heat-killed lb bacteria exhibited a high adhesive property. a diffuse pattern of adhesion was observed to the undifferentiated cells, the apical brush border of the enterocytic cells, and to the mucus layer that covered the surface of the mucus-secreting cells. the inhibitory effect of heat-killed lb organisms against the human i ...19938188996
listeria monocytogenes phosphatidylinositol (pi)-specific phospholipase c has low activity on glycosyl-pi-anchored proteins.the ability of the phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) from listeria monocytogenes to hydrolyze glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (gpi)-anchored membrane proteins was compared with the ability of the pi-plc from bacillus thuringiensis to hydrolyze such proteins. the l. monocytogenes enzyme produced no detectable release of acetylcholinesterase from bovine, sheep, and human erythrocytes. the cleavage of the gpi anchors of alkaline phosphatase from rat and rabbit kidney slices was l ...19938253689
detection, identification and characterization of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria from retail food products.forty bacteriocin-producing (bac+) lactic acid bacteria (lab) were isolated from food samples purchased from retail supermarkets and local farms. of the 40 bac+ isolates, 18 were isolated from 85 food samples by enrichment (21% isolation rate) whereas eight were obtained from 63 samples by direct plating (13% isolation rate). by direct plating, bac+ lab were detected at levels up to 2.4 x 10(5) cfu/g in ready-to-eat meats. the bac+ isolates were identified by carbohydrate fermentation patterns, ...19938257654
the effects of diacetate with nitrite, lactate, or pediocin on the viability of listeria monocytogenes in turkey slurries.the antilisterial effects of sodium diacetate (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5%) alone or in combination with sodium nitrite (30 ppm), sodium lactate (2.5%) or pediocin (5000 arbitrary units/ml) were evaluated in slurries (25% meat in sterile deionized h2o) prepared from vacuum-packaged, ready-to-eat turkey breast meat and challenged with listeria monocytogenes. in the absence of food additives, counts of l. monocytogenes increased from 4.5 log10 cfu/ml to ca. 8 log10 cfu/ml within 1 day at 25 degrees c and wi ...19938257656
expression and phosphorylation of the listeria monocytogenes acta protein in mammalian cells.movement of listeria monocytogenes within infected eukaryotic cells provides a simple model system to study the mechanism of actin-based motility in nonmuscle cells. the acta gene of l. monocytogenes is required to induce the polymerization of host actin filaments [kocks, c., gouin, e., tabouret, m., berche, p., ohayon, h. & cossart, p. (1990) cell 68, 521-531; domann, e., wehland, j., rohde, m., pistor, s., hartl, m., goebel, w., leimeister-wachter, m., wuenscher, m. & chakraborty, t. (1992) em ...19938265643
isolation of listeria monocytogenes from goat cheese associated with a case of listeriosis in goat.listeria monocytogenes was isolated from the brain of a goat, which was euthanized due to listeriosis. a few weeks later a similar subtype of l. monocytogenes was isolated from an on-farm manufactured fresh cheese which did not contain any milk from the goat which had suffered from listeriosis. a similar subtype was also found on 1 of the shelves in the refrigerator where cheeses were stored. prior to the onset of listeriosis, 1 fresh cheese had been made of milk from the actual goat, which may ...19938266892
microbiological quality of artisanal ice cream.in the course of the years 1990 and 1991, 396 samples of artisanal ice-cream had been collected from different ice-cream shops in udine and province and analysed. all tested flavours contained aerobic germs, coliforms, enterococci and yeasts in different quantities. in the analysed samples neither salmonellae spp., nor listeria monocytogenes nor staphylococcus aureus were detected. numerous species of coliforms and yeasts were randomly isolated and identified. the statistical analysis, used to c ...19938267839
heat resistance of listeria monocytogenes in vacuum packaged pasteurized fish fillets.the heat resistance of two strains of listeria monocytogenes in sous-vide cooked fillets of cod and salmon was investigated. fish sticks of 5 g were inoculated, vacuum-packed and heated at different combinations of time and temperature (58-80 degrees c). time-temperature combinations allowing survival and time-temperature combinations at which the bacteria were destroyed, were used to determine d- and z-values. d-values were in the range of what has been published for other food products. d60-va ...19938268058
[neonatal listeriosis. a case report].the author describes a case of early neonatal listeriosis following by a positive outcome. the severity of this infection is underlined as well as the need to examine carefully the role of listeria monocytogenes as a cause of similar influenza-type syndromes in pregnant women.19938302227
the haemophilus influenzae dnag sequence and conserved bacterial primase motifs.the dnag gene encodes primase which synthesizes the primer rna essential for escherichia coli chromosomal dna replication. the nucleotide sequence was determined for the haemophilus influenzae dnag gene and used in the molecular evolutionary analysis of primases from six bacterial species. the predicted amino acid (aa) sequence of h. influenzae dnag contains 593 residues and shares 56% identity with e. coli dnag. the n-terminal 60% of six aligned bacterial primases contains all 71 absolutely con ...19938294018
effects of buspirone on the resistance, development and passive transfer of immunity to listeria monocytogenes in mice submitted to stress.mice exposed to a chronic auditory stressor and treated chronically with buspirone (1 mg/kg) showed a reduction in stress-induced suppression of the resistance and development of immunity to listeria monocytogenes. attempts to passively transfer immunity with spleen cells were also performed. stressed, immunized mice had a reduced capacity to transfer immunity passively to nonimmunized mice and buspirone was found to partially suppress this inhibitory effect of stress.19938297183
listeria meningitis after bone marrow transplantation.over the past decade infections from food-borne listeria monocytogenes have become an important cause of septicaemia and meningitis and immunocompromised patients are at particular risk. we report three cases of listeria meningitis occurring post-bmt. the patients were aged 53, 51 and 56 years and presented 4, 7 and 90 months post-transplant, respectively. the first patient had undergone allogeneic bmt for myelodysplasia and the other two patients had abmt for aml in second and first cr, respect ...19938298566
[human listeriosis: 2 new cases in tunisia and literature review]. 19938212336
[effect of listeria on contractibility of human uterine muscle].in austria the prevalence of listeriosis is 2.6 cases per million inhabitants yearly, hence rather rarely the cause of spontaneous abortion or premature birth. on the other hand, listeria monocytogenes is found in 1% of the asymptomatic population as a component of stool flora. since the cause of premature labour contractions remains unclear in about half of all cases, we examined 29 listeria strains for their ability to cause myometrial contraction by direct contact using an in-vitro uterine st ...19938212768
a simple rna probe system for analysis of listeria monocytogenes polymerase chain reaction products.the synthesis of an rna probe specific for the hlya gene of listeria monocytogenes by in vitro transcription from a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-generated template incorporating bacteriophage t7 promoter sequences is described. this simple method produced a high yield of rna which hybridized specifically with hlya pcr products on a membrane, resulting in rna-dna hybrids which were detected by an immunoenzymatic assay with an anti-rna-dna hybrid antibody. the rna probe hybridization system was ...19938215354
application of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis in studies of the epidemiology of listeria monocytogenes in denmark.a total of 245 strains of listeria monocytogenes were investigated. these strains were isolated from human and animal cases of listeriosis as well as from different kinds of raw and processed foods. thirty-three electrophoretic types (ets) were identified among the 245 strains. the strains investigated included all human clinical strains isolated in denmark during 1989 and 1990. seventy-three percent of the strains isolated in this period were assigned to one of only two ets (et 1 and et 4). et ...19938215357
biological inactivation of adhering listeria monocytogenes by listeriaphages and a quaternary ammonium compound.the use of listeriaphages as a means of disinfecting contaminated stainless-steel and polypropylene surfaces was investigated. surfaces artificially contaminated with l. monocytogenes 10401 and 8427 were sanitized with suspensions of listeriaphages (h387, h387-a, and 2671), all belonging to the siphoviridae family. phage suspensions at concentrations of up to 3.5 x 10(8) pfu/ml were at least as efficient as a 20 ppm solution of a quaternary ammonium compound (quatal) in reducing l. monocytogenes ...19938215364
development of a random amplification of polymorphic dna typing method for listeria monocytogenes.the 10-mer primer opm-01 (5'-gtt ggt ggc t-3') was used to generate random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) profiles by polymerase chain reaction for 91 strains of listeria monocytogenes from raw milk, food, and veterinary, medical, and food-environmental sources. the profiles obtained contained 1 to 10 bands within the molecular size range of 0.5 to 5.0 kbp. reproducibility was enhanced by annealing at low stringency and introducing a 1-min ramp time between annealing and extension tempe ...19938215380
[occurrence of listeria monocytogenes in snakes, tortoises, lizards and amphibians raised as pets].listeria (l.) spp. were isolated from fecal samples of 9 (30.0%) from 30 tortoises, of 4 (12.1%) from 33 lizards, of 3 (60.0%) from 5 amphibia and of 1 (1.3%) of 76 snakes. all animals were kept as pets. 8 isolates were identified as l. monocytogenes, whereas 4 strains were serovar 4ab (3 tortoises and 1 amphibia), 3 strains serovar 4b (2 tortoises and 1 snake) and 1 strain serovar 4e (1 amphibia). further 4 isolates were identified as l. ivanovii serovar 5 (3 lizards and 1 tortoise), 3 strains ...19938216194
antagonistic activity of two strains of lactic acid bacteria against listeria monocytogenes and yersinia enterocolitica in a model fish product at 5 degrees c.the antagonistic activity of lactic acid bacteria against one strain of listeria monocytogenes, scott a and one strain of yersinia enterocolitica serotype o:3 was studied by using either a strain of a leuconostoc spp. or a lactobacillus plantarum strain. each of the two potential pathogenic, psychrotrophic bacteria were inoculated with either of the two lactic acid bacteria in sterile shrimp extracts containing citric acid (ph 5.8 and 6.0) and in some experiments also 3% (w/v) nacl. the samples ...19938217515
incidence of listeria species in raw and pasteurized milk produced in são paulo, brazil.the present study evaluated the incidence of listeria spp. in raw and pasteurized milk from a brazilian dairy plant. ten samples of each type of milk (raw types b and c and pasteurized types b and c) were collected monthly from october 1989 to september 1990 (except in december), comprising 440 samples (110 samples of each type of milk). the recovery of listeria spp. was carried out using lpm (lithium chloride phenylethanol moxalactam) and mox (modified oxford) agars, after a two-step enrichment ...19938217519
application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for epidemiological studies of diseases of livestock in the tropics of mexico.this study was conducted at the centre for research, teaching and extension in tropical livestock (centro de investigación, enseñanza y extensión en ganadería tropical) of the faculty of veterinary medicine of the national autonomous university of mexico. during the latter part of 1986 and throughout 1988 and 1989, the herd of holstein x zebu cattle at the university was tested for igg antibodies to twenty-one viral, bacterial, rickettsial and parasitic agents. antigens prepared from twenty infe ...19938219327
production of interleukin 8 (il-8) by cord blood mononuclear cells induced by listeria monocytogenes.the defective ability of human newborns to mobilize phagocytes to the site of infection led us to examine the ability of cord blood mononuclear cells to secrete interleukin-8, a major neutrophil chemotactic factor, in response to stimulation with listeria monocytogenes. adult or cord blood mononuclear cells were incubated with l. monocytogenes for varying lengths of time, and il-8 was measured in the culture supernatants by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). spontaneous il-8 secretio ...19938225409
cloning, expression, and mutagenesis of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c from staphylococcus aureus: a potential staphylococcal virulence factor.staphylococcus aureus secretes a phosphatidylinositol (pi)-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) which is able to hydrolyze the membrane lipid pi and membrane protein anchors containing glycosyl-pi. the gene for pi-plc (plc) was cloned from s. aureus into escherichia coli. oligonucleotide probes based on partial protein sequence and polyclonal antibodies raised against the purified protein were used to identify positive clones. e. coli transformed with a plasmid containing the plc gene expressed pi- ...19938225585
neutrophils are involved in acute, nonspecific resistance to listeria monocytogenes in mice.the importance of neutrophils in killing extracellular, pyogenic bacteria has long been established. however, there is only indirect evidence for a role for neutrophils in resistance against intracellular organisms. in this study, we directly demonstrate the involvement of neutrophils in defense against listeria monocytogenes in normal c.b-17 immunocompetent and c.b-17 scid mice. because of the lack of sterilizing t-cell immunity, scid mice are unable to completely eliminate listeriae systemical ...19938225586
activation of the human complement alternative pathway by listeria monocytogenes: evidence for direct binding and proteolysis of the c3 component on bacteria.the capacity of the intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes to activate the alternative pathway of human complement was examined. incubation of l. monocytogenes with human serum in optimal conditions (20% mg2+egta [ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid]-chelated serum) consumed (31.3 +/- 3.9)% of c3 hemolytic activity and led to similar amounts of c3 deposition among the 27 strains tested, except for a rough mutant and the penicillin-induced l forms of strai ...19938225590
purification of helicobacter pylori superoxide dismutase and cloning and sequencing of the gene.the superoxide dismutase (sod) of helicobacter pylori, a pathogenic bacterium which colonizes the gastric mucosa, evoking a marked inflammatory response, was purified and characterized, and the n-terminal amino acid sequence was determined. the enzyme consists of two identical subunits each with an apparent molecular weight of 24,000. analysis of the primary structure and inhibition studies revealed that h. pylori possesses a typical procaryotic iron-containing enzyme. no other isoenzymes could ...19938225605
effect of heat treatment on listeria monocytogenes and gram-negative bacteria in sheep, cow and goat milks.sheep milk, compared with cow and goat milk, had a protective effect on gram-negative bacteria and listeria spp. heated at 65 degrees c in a test-tube method. this effect was not solely due to fat content as cow milk artificially reconstituted to 10% homologous fat was not as protective. listeria monocytogenes in whole sheep, cow and goat milks at an inoculum level of 1 x 10(6) cfu ml-1 was heated at 68 degrees c for 15 s in the plate pasteurizer and survival was only detected in whole sheep mil ...19938226390
antibacterial activity of lactobacillus strains isolated from dry fermented sausages.one hundred strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from dry cured sausages were tested for antagonistic activity against a set of test strains. nine of 52 strains of lactobacillus casei and three of 48 strains of lact. plantarun produced inhibition zones against the indicator species. the substance excreted by lact. casei crl 705 was active against lact. plantarum, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus and a wide range of gram-negative bacteria. the activity of the antibacterial compou ...19938226391
polarized cells, polar actions.the recognition of polar bacterial organization is just emerging. the examples of polar localization given here are from a variety of bacterial species and concern a disparate array of cellular functions. a number of well-characterized instances of polar localization of bacterial proteins, including the chemoreceptor complex in both c. crescentus and e. coli, the maltose-binding protein in e. coli, the b. japonicum surface attachment proteins, and the actin tail of l. monocytogenes within a mamm ...19938226658
risk factors associated with contamination of raw milk by listeria monocytogenes in dairy farms.a case-control study involving 128 selected dairy farms was conducted to assess the association of several suspected risk factors with the odds of contamination of raw milk by listeria monocytogenes. using logistic regression, we found that poor quality of silage (ph > 4.0), inadequate frequency of cleaning the exercise area, poor cow cleanliness, insufficient lighting of milking barns and parlors, and incorrect disinfection of towels between milkings were significantly associated with milk cont ...19938227616
listeria monocytogenes hepatitis in a liver transplant recipient: a case report and review of the literature.listeria is an uncommon cause of hepatitis in adults. we report the case of a liver transplant recipient who presented with a clinical picture of acute hepatitis, 8 months after grafting. blood cultures yielded listeria monocytogenes. the patient made a full clinical recovery after adequate antimicrobial therapy (ampicillin and gentamicin intravenously for 4 weeks). hepatitis was attributed to the listeria infection. we believe this is the first reported case of listeria hepatitis in an organ tr ...19938228121
complement receptor type 3 (cd11b/cd18) involvement is essential for killing of listeria monocytogenes by mouse macrophages.recent work indicated that c receptor type 3 (cr3) mediates most phagocytosis of the facultative intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes by mouse macrophages, which can kill it. in contrast, phagocytosis of listeria by a population of nonlistericidal macrophages was largely cr3-independent. these findings suggested that cr3 binding during phagocytosis may be important in determining whether a macrophage kills listeria, or is parasitized by the bacterium. the experiments reported here test ...19938228236
relapsed infection due to listeria monocytogenes confirmed by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis. 19938228306
[weakness of cellular response to listeria antigens in pregnant mice].it was found that pregnant mice exhibit increased susceptibility to lethal action of listeria monocytogenes, although there was no correlation between increase of susceptibility of animals to lethal effect of bacteria and weakening of elimination of microorganisms from the spleen. increased susceptibility of animals to listeriosis was accompanied by weakening of some parameters of cellular immunity. in pregnant mice of strains c57bl/6, naturally resistant to infections, inhibition of ii-1 by mac ...19938231443
mri of an abscess of the cervical spinal cord in a case of listeria meningoencephalomyelitis.a case of listeria meningoencephalomyelitis is described and the mri appearances of an abscess of the cervical spinal cord are presented. the mri appearances did not allow a definitive diagnosis before death.19938232871
fate of listeria monocytogenes and pediococcal starter cultures during the manufacture of chicken summer sausage.two formulations of chicken summer sausages [100% hand deboned chicken meat (hdcm) and 85% hdcm and 15% chicken hearts (hdcm-ch)] were prepared with a nonpediocin-producing (ped-) pediococcus acidilactici starter culture and inoculated with 10(4) or 10(7) cfu of a five-strain mixture of listeria monocytogenes/g of batter. sausages were fermented to ph 5.0 (11 h), cooked to an internal temperature of 66.5 c, cold-showered, and stored at 4 c (60 days) and 30 c (7 days). for both formulations and i ...19938234138
serotyping and distribution of listeria isolates from cases of ovine listeriosis. 19938236705
comparison of a cold enrichment method and the idf method for isolation of listeria monocytogenes from animal autopsy material.the method most often used in sweden for isolation of listeria monocytogenes from animal autopsy material is a cold enrichment method. this method is very slow. the international dairy federation (idf) has recently presented a method for detection of l. monocytogenes in milk and milk products that is complete in one week. during a two year period 69 specimens from dead animals with suspected listeriosis were examined for l. monocytogenes in parallel analyses with both the cold enrichment method ...19938236778
the effect of adult thymectomy on immune response to infection with listeria monocytogenes in mice.the role of adult thymus in in vivo immune response to infection with listeria monocytogenes was examined using euthymic mice and adult-thymectomized (atx) mice which had been thymectomized 2 weeks before. numbers of t cells in peritoneal cavities and spleens were increased at 2 weeks after inoculation of l. monocytogenes, whereas such increases of t cells were several times higher in euthymic mice than in atx mice. in flow-cytometric analysis of peritoneal exudate cells, a significant increase ...19938244443
survival of pathogenic bacteria during mesophilic anaerobic digestion of animal waste.the survival of pathogenic bacteria was investigated during the operation of a full-scale anaerobic digester which was fed daily and operated at 28 degrees c. the digester had a mean hydraulic retention time of 24 d. the viable numbers of escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, yersinia enterocolitica, listeria monocytogenes and campylobacter jejuni were reduced during mesophilic anaerobic digestion. escherichia coli had the smallest mean viable numbers at each stage of the digestion process. ...19938244898
influence of suspension on the expression of protective immunological memory to murine listeria monocytogenes infection.female bdf1 mice were immunized with virulent listeria monocytogenes, which resulted in the generation of a long-lived state of protective immunological memory for this facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen. the influence of antiorthostatic suspension, a ground-based model employed to simulate certain aspects of weightlessness that occur during spaceflight, on the capacity of these mice to express memory immunity was evaluated. memory-immune mice were suspended by the tail in the orthosta ...19938245710
neglected pathogens: bacterial infections in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection. a review of the literature (1).bacterial infections, including those that cause infection in the healthy host as well as those that are more opportunistic, occur very commonly among persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). bacterial infections are a direct result of the severe humoral and cellular immune defects found in these patients. epidemiologic factors such as intravenous drug use and stage of hiv infection may also play important roles. pulmonary, bloodstream, gastrointestinal, central nervous syst ...19938247908
[neuromeningeal listeriosis in adults. clinical aspects and contribution of cotrimoxazole in monotherapy].a series of 28 patients suffering from neuromeningeal listeriosis is reported. this disease is consecutive to infection by listeria monocytogenes--an ubiquitous and opportunistic gram-positive bacillus--and has become a public health problem: its incidence is increasing and its prognosis is very severe despite the development of new bacteriological identification methods. human beings are contaminated by food, which explains the frequent outbreaks of epidemics which are widely publicized, the in ...19938248080
effects of glucose, growth temperature, and ph on listeriolysin o production in listeria monocytogenes.expression of listeriolysin o of listeria monocytogenes as a function of different growth conditions was studied by performing a direct hemolysin assay, immunoblotting experiments, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. expression of listeriolysin o was reduced at a lower growth temperatures (26 degrees c) and at higher glucose concentrations (> or = 0.3%) in the growth media. the effect of glucose appeared to be due to a change in the ph of the growth media.19938250571
growth of listeria monocytogenes, aeromonas hydrophila and yersinia enterocolitica in pâté and a comparison with predictive models.a reference or type strain and a food derived-strain of the cold-tolerant pathogens listeria monocytogenes, aeromonas hydrophila and yersinia enterocolitica were individually inoculated into samples of commercial pâté and incubated at 4 and 10 degrees c. the organisms were periodically estimated by presumptive counts, then values for the lag and generation times were calculated. both strains of l. monocytogenes grew at both temperatures. the food strain of a. hydrophila grew only at 10 degrees c ...19938251302
genetic characterization of plasmid-encoded multiple antibiotic resistance in a strain of listeria monocytogenes causing endocarditis.one susceptible and two multiply resistant isolates of listeria monocytogenes from a patient suffering from prosthetic valve endocarditis are described. they could not be distinguished by several typing methods. two isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol, macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin antibiotics and tetracycline. the resistance determinants were located on a 39 kb plasmid pwdb100 that was transferable by filter mating to several gram-positive bacteria. evidence was obtained to support ...19938187788
differential heat-shock protein synthesis and response to stress in three avirulent and virulent listeria species.two strains of listeria monocytogenes, a virulent (v) and an avirulent (a) strain obtained by repeated in vitro cultivation at 37 degrees c, exhibited differing constitutive syntheses of heat-shock proteins (hsp) at 37 degrees c, the temperature of the infected host, and a differential response to heat treatment. these two strains also reacted differently to addition of a superoxide ion inducer and acid to treatments. our observations were not limited to these two strains of l. monocytogenes: th ...19938159869
do nonclassical, class ib mhc molecules present bacterial antigens to t cells?immune responses to bacterial antigens that appear unrestricted by the mhc may involve oligomorphic mhc class ib molecules. one example is h-2m3, which binds n-formylated peptides and presents a listeria peptide to cytotoxic t cells from infected mice. lack of polymorphism makes these molecules a promising target for peptide vaccines.19938143114
the role of two phospholipases in the pathogenicity of listeria monocytogenes. 19938173791
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