Publications

the acta protein of listeria monocytogenes acts as a nucleator inducing reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton.	listeria monocytogenes, a facultative intracellular pathogen, employs actin and other microfilament-associated proteins to move through the host cell cytoplasm. isogenic mutants of l. monocytogenes lacking the surface-bound acta polypeptide no longer interact with cytoskeletal elements and are, as a consequence, non-motile (domann et al., 1992, embo j., 11, 1981-1990; kocks et al., 1992, cell, 68, 521-531). to investigate the interaction of acta with the microfilament system in the absence of ot ...	1994	8112291
foodborne bacterial infections in individuals with the human immunodeficiency virus.	the literature contains reports documenting a foodborne etiology for bacterial infections caused by salmonella spp, listeria monocytogenes, campylobacter jejuni, and vibrio spp in individuals with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the incidence of these infections and the life-threatening complications that result are elevated in people with hiv infection. we present practical recommendations to prevent foodborne illnesses and the resulting complications, including gastroenteritis, bactere ...	1994	8115877
arginine analogues suppress antigen-specific and -nonspecific t lymphocyte proliferation.	using analogues of arginine to inhibit nitric oxide (no.) production, investigators have demonstrated the intermediary role of no. in a variety of physiological events including the antimicrobial activity exhibited by macrophages in vitro. in an effort to establish the effector function of no. in the antimicrobial activity expressed by macrophages in vivo, several groups report treating infected animals with relatively high concentrations of these same analogues. in the present study, we found t ...	1994	8118880
administration of anti-granulocyte mab rb6-8c5 impairs the resistance of mice to listeria monocytogenes infection.	mice injected i.p. with rb6-8c5 mab experienced a profound depletion of neutrophils in the bloodstream and spleen and significant impairment of their resistance to experimental infection with listeria monocytogenes. control mice survived i.v. inoculation with 5 x 10(4) l. monocytogenes; whereas, most rb6-8c5 mab-treated mice inoculated i.v. with as few as 10 l. monocytogenes died within 6 days. rb6-8c5 mab treatment was particularly deleterious when given within the first 24 h after i.v. inocula ...	1994	8120393
role of nk1.1+ cells in experimental listeriosis. nk1+ cells are early ifn-gamma producers but impair resistance to listeria monocytogenes infection.	an enzyme-linked immunospot assay was used for detection of splenic ifn-gamma and il-4 spot-forming cells from, c57bl/6 and balb/c mice, which differ in resistance to systemic l. monocytogenes infection. numbers of spontaneous and ag (heat-killed listeriae)-induced ifn-gamma sfc were 5- to 10-fold higher in c57bl/6 as compared to balb/c mice at day 1, day 7, and day 14 postinfection. in both strains of mice, ag-induced ifn-gamma production reached maximum levels at day 7 postinfection and il-4 p ...	1994	8120395
influence of antiorthostatic suspension on resistance to murine listeria monocytogenes infection.	the present study was designed to evaluate the influence of antiorthostatic suspension, a ground-based modeling system employed to simulate certain aspects of weightlessness that occur during space flight, on the capacity of mice to resist infection with the facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes. female bdf1 mice were suspended by the tail in the orthostatic or antiorthostatic position and were infected with a sublethal dose of virulent l. monocytogenes at various t ...	1994	8120454
the cell biology of listeria monocytogenes infection (escape from a vacuole).		1994	8080169
fluorescent labeling of listeria and salmonella. analysis of bacteria-host cell interactions by flow microfluorimetry.		1994	8080184
the monocytic cell line u-937, physiologically differentiated by retinoic acid and vitamin d3, is a model for intracellular behavior of brucella spp.		1994	8080185
phospholipases c and the pathogenesis of listeria.	listeria monocytogenes is a model intracellular pathogen which escapes from a host cell vacuole, grows intracytoplasmically, and spreads cell to cell without an extracellular phase. a number of genes necessary for pathogenicity have been discovered, two of which encode phospholipases c, a pi-plc and a broad-range plc. single and double mutants were constructed with in-frame deletions in one or both plcs. characterization of the strains indicated that the two plcs may have overlapping function as ...	1994	8081249
binding of mannan-binding protein to various bacterial pathogens of meningitis.	mannan-binding protein (mbp), a calcium-dependent plasma lectin, may play a role in the innate defence against microorganisms. after binding to carbohydrate structures at the bacterial surface, mbp activates the classical pathway of the complement system. to investigate the binding capacity of mbp to various bacteria associated with meningitis, an assay was developed to study the binding of mbp to bacteria grown in a semisynthetic fluid culture medium. salmonella montevideo (containing a mannose ...	1994	8082295
effect of polyphosphate and sodium chloride on the growth of listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus in ultra-high temperature milk.	with uht-sterilized milk as a model system, combinations of polyphosphate (.5 and 1.0%) and nacl (.5 and 4.5%) were studied to determine their effects on the growth kinetics of listeria monocytogenes scott a and staphylococcus aureus 196e. the milk was inoculated with 10(3) to 10(4) cfu/ml of either l. monocytogenes or s. aureus and incubated under aerobic conditions at 12, 19, 28, or 37 degrees c. the addition of polyphosphate did not significantly inhibit the growth of either microbe at the te ...	1994	8083407
detection of multiple virulence-associated genes of listeria monocytogenes by pcr in artificially contaminated milk samples.	the inhibitory effect of milk in the pcr detection of listeria monocytogenes could be overcome by washing the contaminated milk sample with phosphate-buffered saline and concentrating the bacteria to 1/10 of the original volume. in order to avoid a possible failure in the detection of virulent l. monocytogenes, a one-step procedure which enabled demonstration of three virulence-associated genes, prfa, hlya, and plcb, simultaneously in a single pcr mixture was developed.	1994	8085838
how does gamma-interferon mediate resistance to listeria monocytogenes?	gamma-interferon (ifn-gamma) seems to be required for resistance to listeria monocytogenes in vivo, but acts early in infection, before apparent t cell involvement. the early role of ifn-gamma is unknown, but might include enhancing antigen presentation, inducing secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha and helping early precursor macrophages to express nonspecific listericidal activity.	1994	8087453
intact alpha-actinin molecules are needed for both the assembly of actin into the tails and the locomotion of listeria monocytogenes inside infected cells.	after the infectious bacterium, listeria monocytogenes, is phagocytosed by a host cell, it leaves the lysosome and recruits the host cell's cytoskeletal proteins to assemble a stationary tail composed primarily of actin filaments cross-linked with alpha-actinin. the continual recruitment of contractile proteins to the interface between the bacterium and the tail accompanies the propulsion of the bacterium ahead of the elongating tail. when a bacterium contacts the host cell membrane, it pushes o ...	1994	8087876
the immunodominant peptide from listeriolysin in quil a liposomes vaccinates cd8+ cytolytic t cells and confers protection to infection.	cytolytic t-cell vaccination with immunodominant mhc class i-restricted peptides contained within quil a liposomes has been previously demonstrated. in recent years, quil a has been under consideration for use as an adjuvant in humans. we assessed the possible use of peptide inoculation in the context of quil a liposomes to be protective in a mouse model. listeria monocytogenes was used as the challenge pathogen and the previously identified listeriolysin 91-99 peptide as the immunogen. the list ...	1994	8088867
immune protection and control of inflammatory tissue necrosis by gamma delta t cells.	host defenses against experimental listeriosis in mice involve neutrophils, macrophages, nk cells, and alpha beta t cells. recently gamma delta t cells have also been implicated in antilisterial resistance. however, their specific role has remained unclear. here we show that efficient resistance to infection by this bacterium depends on the functions of both alpha beta and gamma delta t cells in both primary and secondary responses. we also present evidence that these functions are complementary ...	1994	8089489
[bacterial meningitis. review of literature and retrospective study of 208 cases observed].	bacterial meningitis is a particularly dangerous infection of the central nervous system involving quite a number of mortal cases and frequent neurological sequelae. etiology varies in relation to the patient's age. in the first 2 months of life streptococcus b, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli and other gram negative enteric bacilli are more frequently isolated while in older children haemophilus influenzae, neisseria meningitidis and streptococcus pneumoniae are more common. clinical s ...	1994	8090136
comparative in vitro activities of new quinolones against coryneform bacteria.	the in vitro activities of eight quinolones against 115 coryneform bacteria (20 corynebacterium jeikeium, 15 corynebacterium minutissimum, 15 corynebacterium striatum, 25 corynebacterium urealyticum, 10 corynebacterium xerosis, 10 corynebacterium group anf-1, 10 corynebacterium group 12, and 10 listeria monocytogenes) were determined. the mics of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and sparfloxacin for 90% of c. jeikeium, c. urealyticum, and c. xerosis isolates tested were > 16 micrograms/ml. those of bay ...	1994	8092851
assessment of the bactericidal activity of sparfloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, and other fluoroquinolones compared with selected agents of proven efficacy against listeria monocytogenes.	the search for alternative therapeutic agents for listeriosis includes the quinolone group. accordingly, the bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and temofloxacin, in comparison with that of ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, was evaluated against listeria monocytogenes at 24 and 48 h of incubation using time-kill kinetic methodology. the inhibitory concentrations for each agent fell into a narrow range comparable with ampicillin ...	1994	7867294
neutrophils as effector cells of t-cell-mediated, acquired immunity in murine listeriosis.	the control of the infections caused by listeria monocytogenes, considered an example of an intracellular parasite, is thought to involve co-operation between antigen-specific t cells and activated macrophages. here we investigated the participation of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the mechanisms of resistance during the immune phase of the antimicrobial response to l. monocytogenes infection. we found that balb/c mice were unable to express t-cell-mediated (acquired) immunity to this pathogen ...	1994	7835951
protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors block the entries of listeria monocytogenes and listeria ivanovii into epithelial cells.	the internalization of listeria by intestinal epithelial cells is still poorly understood, however it is becoming apparent that microorganisms have developed the ability to interact with host cell receptor molecules to induce their own internalization. in this report we show that inhibition of cell tyrosine phosphorylation by protein tyrosine kinase (ptk) inhibitors blocks l. monocytogenes entry into both finite and immortalized intestinal cell lines. some differences were observed between the l ...	1994	7861952
[thrombotic microangiopathy and listeria monocytogenes septicemia disclosing human immunodeficiency virus infection].		1994	7864522
cytokines and the host defense against listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium.	the host defense against intracellular pathogens depends largely on activation of phagocytes and is regulated by a complex network of cytokines. modulation of this cytokine network might lead to new or additional therapies in the treatment of infections with intracellular pathogens. therefore, insight in the role of various cytokines in the host defense against these pathogens is required. the present contribution summarizes the results of various studies on the role of different cytokines in th ...	1994	7865348
cd4+ t cell associated cytokine gene expression during experimental infection with listeria monocytogenes: the mrna phenotype of granuloma formation.	in murine listeriosis, elimination of bacteria and immunity to re-infection critically depend on thy-1+cd4- cells, while cell-mediated inflammatory phenomena like delayed-type hypersensitivity and granuloma formation are mediated by cd4+ t cells. in an attempt to correlate t cell phenotype and function with a particular set of cytokines produced in vivo, we examined the cytokine gene expression profile associated with the presence or absence of cd4+ and/or cd8+ cells in the livers of mice during ...	1994	7865466
presence of the listeria tetracycline resistance gene tet(s) in enterococcus faecalis.	two hundred thirty-eight tetracycline- and minocycline-resistant clinical isolates of enterococcus and streptococcus spp. were investigated by dot blot hybridization for the presence of nucleotide sequences related to tet(s) (first detected in listeria monocytogenes bm4210), tet(k), tet(l), tet(m), tet(o), tet(p), and tet(q) genes. the tet(s) determinant was found in 22 strains of enterococcus faecalis, associated with tet(m) in 9 of these isolates and further associated with tet(l) in 3 of thes ...	1994	7840565
dynamic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton: lessons learned from listeria locomotion.	the bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes displays the remarkable ability to reorganize the actin cytoskeleton within host cells as a means for promoting cell-to-cell transfer of the pathogen, in a manner that evades humoral immunity. in a series of events commencing with the biosynthesis of the bacterial surface protein acta, host cell actin and many actin-associated proteins self-assemble to form rocket-tail structures that continually grow at sites proximal to the bacterium and depolymeri ...	1994	7840767
incidence of listeria spp. in vegetables in kuala lumpur.	from april 1992 to september 1992, 280 samples of 10 different fresh vegetables, bought from four different market outlets in kuala lumpur were examined for the presence of listeria spp. most of the market produce were locally grown with the exception of carrots. the isolation procedure was based on the food & drug administration method (modified) used for the detection of listeria spp. isolation media used were listeria selective medium and licl- phenylethanol-moxalactam agars. the identificati ...	1994	7845269
study of the prevalence of listeria spp. in surface water.	the quantity of listeria species was determined in 49 samples of various types of water (river, brackish water, urban wastewater). twenty nine strains of listeria were isolated. these were mainly identified as listeria monocytogenes (72,4%), but listeria innocua, listeria grayi, listeria ivanohovii and listeria welshimeri were also present. with the exception of water taken from the estuary, 74.4% of samples contained listeria in mean concentrations of between 2 mpn/100 ml and 1320 mpn/100 ml in ...	1994	7848499
fecal shedding of listeria monocytogenes during murine listeriosis after intravenous infection.	female nmri spf-mice were intravenously infected with l. monocytogenes and the feces and urine samples were cultured to detect a possible presence of the bacterium. in 6 out of 10 mice, the bacteria occurred in the feces, but not in the urine samples. listerial shedding was detected only during acute listeriosis from day 2 to day 9 post infectionem. thus, listerial shedding after infection via routes other than the gastrointestinal tract is possible not only in newborns, but also in adult experi ...	1994	7858346
molecular and genetic determinants of the listeria monocytogenes infectious process.		1994	7859506
enzyme-linked immunoassay for detection of listeria monocytogenes in dairy products, seafoods, and meats: collaborative study.	a collaborative study was conducted to evaluate listeria-tek, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of listeria monocytogenes and other listeria spp. in foods. the present elisa method was compared to the u.s. food and drug administration culture method for detection of l. monocytogenes in dairy products and seafoods and to the u.s. department of agriculture food safety and inspection service method for detection of l. monocytogenes in meats. replicate samples of 6 food type ...	1994	7819756
supplementary listeria-typing with defective listeria phage particles (monocins).	the potential use of monocins for listeria typing was investigated. monocins are defective phage particles still capable of lysing listerial cells. they were induced by u.v.-irradiation, precipitated with polyethylene glycol and purified by density gradient centrifugation. using 26 monocins, it was possible to type 48% of listeria monocytogenes strains, 92% of l. innocua strains and 94% of l. ivanovii strains. overall typability of 480 strains was 68%. none of the monocins was able to lyse l. gr ...	1994	7765224
the repression of listeriolysin o expression in listeria monocytogenes by the phenolic beta-d-glucoside, arbutin.	expression of the listeriolysin o, a key virulence factor for listeria monocytogenes, was monitored using a hlya-luxab transcriptional fusion. the phenolic beta-d-glucoside, arbutin, was found to repress the expression of the listeriolysin o at the level of transcription. in contrast, the structurally similar beta-glucoside salicin did not prevent expression of listeriolysin.	1994	7765399
characterization of leucocin b-ta11a: a bacteriocin from leuconostoc carnosum ta11a isolated from meat.	leuconostoc (lc.) carnosum ta11a, isolated from vacuum-packaged processed meats, produced a bacteriocin designated leucocin b-ta11a. the crude bacteriocin was heat stable and sensitive to proteolytic enzymes, but not to catalase, lysozyme, or chloroform. it was active against listeria monocytogenes and several lactic acid bacteria. leucocin b-ta11a was optimally produced at 25 degrees c in mrs broth at an initial ph of 6.0 or 6.5. an 8.9-mda plasmid in leuconostoc carnosum ta11a hybridized to a ...	1994	7765496
listeria monocytogenes, but not salmonella typhimurium, elicits a cd18-independent mechanism of neutrophil extravasation into the murine peritoneal cavity.	this study shows that extravasation of neutrophils into the peritoneal cavities of mice in response to intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation of wild-type listeria monocytogenes requires the participation of leukocyte adhesion molecules that are different from those involved in neutrophil recruitment in response to i.p. inoculation of salmonella typhimurium. in the case of s. typhimurium, extensive neutrophil influx could be essentially abolished by treating mice with either anti-cd11b or anti-cd18 ...	1994	7911783
application of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to the typing of listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from raw milk, nondairy foods, and clinical and veterinary sources.	the powerful discriminatory typing capabilities of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis were applied to listeria monocytogenes strains from raw milk, nondairy foods, and clinical and veterinary sources. the raw milk and nondairy food strains were sequential isolates obtained over a year-long period from a number of different producers and manufacturers. results obtained by the two typing methods were in substantial agreement and showed that both ...	1994	7912503
in vivo augmentation of ifn-gamma with a ril-12 human/mouse chimera: pleiotropic effects against infectious agents in mice and rats.	a heterodimer containing the mouse 35 kda and human 40 kda subunit of il-12 was expressed in cos cells (cil-12). administration of 25-200 u of the cil-12-cos supernatant to mice twice daily for 2 days augmented spleen cell ifn-gamma production in response to il-2 and peritoneal macrophage activity (superoxide and nitrites) as compared to animals receiving mock transfected supernatants. cil-12 also increased levels of ifn-gamma in serum but most dramatically following an lps injection (50-fold ov ...	1994	7914437
the role of b cells in in vitro induction of ifn-gamma-producing cd4+ t cells specific to listeria monocytogens: positive and il-10-mediated negative regulation.	we have reported that listeria monocytogenes-specific ifn-gamma-producing cd4+ t cells are induced by in vitro 5-day culture of naive spleen cells with viable l. monocytogenes (vlm), but not induced by culture with heat-killed l. monocytogenes (hklm). in the present study, the role of b cells in the regulation of induction of ifn-gamma-producing cd4+ t cells in the in vitro system was investigated. we found that l. monocytogenes-specific ifn-gamma-producing cd4+ t cells were not generated when b ...	1994	7915202
intracellular motility. profilin puts pathogens on the actin drive.	intracellular motility of the bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes depends on actin polymerization that is coordinated by the bacterial surface protein acta and host actin-binding protein profilin.	1994	7922367
transposon-induced mutants of listeria monocytogenes incapable of growth at low temperature (4 degrees c).	transposon mutagenesis was used to pursue the molecular basis of cold resistance in listeria and its possible involvement in pathogenesis. we have generated transposon-induced mutants of listeria monocytogenes which were unable to grow at 4 degrees c but grew at 8 degrees c, 22 degrees c and 37 degrees c. the transposon was localized in the same 1.8-kb ecori fragment in two independently derived mutants. mutants which carried single transposon insertions had normal hemolytic activity, motility a ...	1994	7926683
evidence for a significant role of cd4+ t cells in adoptive immunity to listeria monocytogenes in the liver.	although the ability of cd8+ t cells to adoptively immunize mice against listeria monocytogenes in the spleen is well established, the role of different t-cell subsets in anti-bacterial protection in the liver, a major target of listeria infection, remains unclear. therefore, the ability of sorted cd4+ and cd8+ t cells to adoptively immunize mice against a l. monocytogenes infection in the liver was studied. the results show that positively sorted cd4+ t cells from day 7 listeria-immune mice wer ...	1994	7927496
phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c from listeria monocytogenes contributes to intracellular survival and growth of listeria innocua.	listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular organism that is capable of replicating within macrophage and macrophage-like cells. the species secretes a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) encoded by the plca gene. a plca gene from l. monocytogenes was cloned downstream of a gram-positive promoter in the plasmid pws2-2. to determine what effect plca would have on intracellular survival when introduced into listeria innocua, a species that does not growth intracellular ...	1994	7927757
vaccination with brucella abortus rough mutant rb51 protects balb/c mice against virulent strains of brucella abortus, brucella melitensis, and brucella ovis.	vaccination of balb/c mice with live brucella abortus rb51, a stable rough mutant, produced protection against challenge with virulent strains of brucella abortus, brucella melitensis, and brucella ovis. passive-transfer experiments indicated that vaccinated mice were protected against b. abortus 2308 through cell-mediated immunity, against b. ovis pa through humoral immunity, and against b. melitensis 16m through both forms of immunity. live bacteria were required for the induction of protectiv ...	1994	7927779
mammalian cells transfected with the listeriolysin gene exhibit enhanced proliferation and focus formation.	mouse 3t6 and 3t3 fibroblasts and rat epithelial l2 cells were transfected with recombinant plasmids containing the listeriolysin gene (hly) of listeria monocytogenes. this bacterial gene (with and without the 5' signal sequence) was cloned under the control of a murine metallothionein promoter, resulting in elevated transcription of both forms of the hly gene after induction with znso4. however, the gene product could be observed only when the listeriolysin gene lacking the 5' signal sequence w ...	1994	7927793
administration of antigranulocyte monoclonal antibody rb6-8c5 prevents expression of acquired resistance to listeria monocytogenes infection in previously immunized mice.	recent studies have established the importance of neutrophils in innate resistance to listeria monocytogenes infection in mice. the purpose of this study was to determine the importance of neutrophils in acquired resistance to l. monocytogenes infection. previously immunized mice that were depleted of neutrophils by administration of the antigranulocyte monoclonal antibody rb6-8c5 demonstrated less resistance to l. monocytogenes challenge than did nonimmunized control mice. in contrast, immunize ...	1994	7927800
taxonomical classification of 20 newly isolated listeria bacteriophages by electron microscopy and protein analysis.	a set of 20 newly isolated temperate bacteriophages for phage typing of the pathogen listeria monocytogenes has been investigated by means of electron microscopy and electrophoretic analysis of phage structural proteins. all phages had isometric capsids (60-64 nm diameter), and long contractile or non-contractile tails of 170-320 nm length. they could be classified into 2 morphotypes (a1 and b1) and were assigned to 3 listeriaphage species (4211, 2671, and 2389). individual protein profiles were ...	1994	7928287
a mathematical analysis of microbial inactivation at linearly rising temperatures: calculation of the temperature rise needed to kill listeria monocytogenes in different foods and methods for dynamic measurements of d and z values.	from a theoretical analysis of the inactivation of microbes heated at linearly rising temperatures an equation was derived for predicting the linear temperature rise needed to reduce viable numbers of microbes by any chosen factor. this equation is used to predict the temperatures needed to inactivate listeria monocytogenes in different foods based on published d and z values. two novel mathematical methods for deriving d and z values from viable counts obtained at linearly rising temperatures a ...	1994	7928779
effect of stress treatments on the detection of listeria monocytogenes and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli by the polymerase chain reaction.	the relationship between viability assessed by plate counts and detectability by gene probe-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques was examined with cells of escherichia coli and listeria monocytogenes previously exposed to a range of stress treatments. in all cases the organisms were detectable by pcr after plate counts had declined to zero. treatment with acid or hydrogen peroxide caused loss of pcr soon after viability was lost, but strong pcr signals were obtained from starved or desicca ...	1994	7928784
[listeriosis. an international epidemic phagovar of listeria monocytogenes isolated also in sweden].		1994	7934328
occurrence of listeria species in broilers pre- and post-chilling in chlorinated water at two slaughterhouses.	altogether 323 pooled samples of neck skins from 1615 broilers from 2 processing plants (a and b) were examined for the presence of listeria species. the broilers were sampled pre-chilling-after leaving the final rinser but before entering the chiller with chlorinated water-and post-chilling-immediately upon leaving the chiller. free available chlorine in the chilling water varied from 2 to 15 ppm in plant a and was about 10 ppm in plant b. listeria monocytogenes was only isolated from broilers ...	1994	7942380
synthetic peptides derived from the listeria monocytogenes p60 protein as antigens for the generation of polyclonal antibodies specific for secreted cell-free l. monocytogenes p60 proteins.	all species of the genus listeria secrete a major extracellular protein called p60. a comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of all listerial p60 proteins previously indicated there were only a few regions which were unique to the pathogenic, food-borne species listeria monocytogenes. two of these p60 regions were chosen for the development of antibodies specific for the facultative intracellular species l. monocytogenes. initially, these regions were characterized via epitope mapping, a ...	1994	7944357
evaluation of lactic acid bacterium fermentation products and food-grade chemicals to control listeria monocytogenes in blue crab (callinectes sapidus) meat.	fresh blue crab (callinectes sapidus) meat was obtained from retail markets in florida and sampled for viable listeria monocytogenes. the pathogen was found in crabmeat in three of four different lots tested by enrichment and at levels of 75 cfu/g in one of the same four lots by direct plating. next, crabmeat was steam sterilized, inoculated with a three-strain mixture of l. monocytogenes (ca. 5.5 log10 cfu/g), washed with various lactic acid bacterium fermentation products (2,000 to 20,000 arbi ...	1994	7944362
profilin: at the crossroads of signal transduction and the actin cytoskeleton.	despite its small size, profilin is an amazingly diverse and sophisticated protein whose precise role in cells continues to elude the understanding of researchers 15 years after its discovery. its ubiquity, abundance and necessity for life in more evolved organisms certainly speaks for its extreme importance in cell function. so far, three ligands for profilin have been well-characterized in vitro: actin monomers, membrane polyphosphoinositides and poly-l-proline. in the years following its disc ...	1994	7945274
the microbiology of minimally processed fresh fruits and vegetables.	minimally processed fresh (mpf) fruits and vegetables are good media for growth of microorganisms. they have been involved in outbreaks because of the consumption of products contaminated by pathogens. they are also sensitive to various spoilage microorganisms such as pectinolytic bacteria, saprophytic gram-negative bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and yeasts. contamination of mpf fruits and vegetables occurs at every stage of the food chain, from cultivation to processing. polluted environments ...	1994	7945895
new pathogens and old resistance genes.	in the past fifty years the treatment and ecology of infectious diseases has evolved greatly. the major changes have come as the development of "new" pathogens which are usually "old" pathogens in new guises. the chief environmental factor responsible for this change is the use of antimicrobial agents. it is estimated that more than 10(9) kg of antibiotic have been produced and used since the early 1959's. in spite of this threat, bacterial pathogens have not only survived, but even flourished. ...	1994	7946130
late listeriosis after fludarabine plus prednisone treatment.	fludarabine plus prednisome treatment in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia has recently been correlated with an increased incidence of listeria monocytogenes infections. we observed a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia who received fludarabine plus prednisone and developed a fatal listeriosis 7 months later. a further case of listeriosis has recently been described in a man who developed the infection 2 years after successful fludarabine treatment while he had a normal cd4 lymp ...	1994	7947288
intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 are involved in protection mediated by cd3+tcr alpha beta- t cells at the early stage after infection with listeria monocytogenes in rats.	to investigate the significance of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1) and leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (lfa-1) in host defense against infection with intracellular parasites, we examined the effects of in vivo pretreatment with mabs to icam-1 (1a29) and lfa-1 alpha (wt-1) on the protection against infection with listeria monocytogenes in fisher f344/n rats. expression of icam-1 and lfa-1 alpha molecules on t cells in spleen, liver and peritoneal cavity of rats was down-regulat ...	1994	7947463
relapse of infection or reinfection by listeria monocytogenes in a patient with a heart transplant: usefulness of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for diagnosis.		1994	7948537
dynamics of actin and alpha-actinin in the tails of listeria monocytogenes in infected ptk2 cells.	listeria monocytogenes can penetrate and multiply within a variety of cell types, including the ptk2 kidney epithelial line. once released within the cytoplasm, l. monocytogenes acquires the capacity for rapid movement through the host cell [dabiri et al., 1990: proc. natl. acad. sci. 87:6068-6072]. in the process, actin monomers are inserted in proximity to one end of the bacterium, forming a column or tail of actin filaments [sanger et al., 1992: infect. immun. 60:3609-3619]. the rate of new a ...	1994	7954861
infection by listeria monocytogenes in the early period post-bone marrow transplantation.		1994	7957814
heterogeneric conjugal transfer of the pheromone-responsive plasmid pip964 (inchlyi) of enterococcus faecalis in the apparent absence of pheromone induction.	erythromycin-resistant derivatives of the pheromone-responsive plasmid pip964 from enterococcus faecalis were constructed to study its host range. this was done by inserting the integrative vector pat112 and the related replicon ptcr1 harboring orir of the broad host range plasmid pam beta 1 into the hemolysin-bacteriocin operon of pip964, to give ptcr2 and ptcr3, respectively. plasmid ptcr2 was transferred by filter matings from e. faecalis to enterococcus faecium and listeria monocytogenes at ...	1994	7958769
resistance to infection and activation of the monocyto-macrophage system caused by bacillus firmus and its fractions.	crude lipids isolated from bacillus firmus, but not from other bacilli, were previously found to induce significant resistance against listeria monocytogenes infection in mice. in this study, formaldehyde- and heat-killed bacterins of eight bacillus species and some cellular fractions of b. firmus were prepared and tested for further immunomodulatory activities. crude lipids, their aqueous extract, lta, protodyne and pex-residue preparations exhibited a strong anti-infection activity, whereas pe ...	1994	7959430
[host defense and endogenous interferon-gamma in the intestines during an oral infection with listeria monocytogenes].	it is well known that ifn-gamma is crucial in the host defense against an intravenous infection with listeria monocytogenes in mice. recent studies have shown that listeriosis is caused by a food-born infection. therefore, the production and role of ifn-gamma in the small intestines of intragastric infected-mice were investigated. on day 1 of infection, the number of bacteria cells in the feces peaked and endogenous ifn-gamma was detected in the small intestines by the immunohistochemical method ...	1994	7959593
characterization of listeria monocytogenes pathogenesis in a strain expressing perfringolysin o in place of listeriolysin o.	listeriolysin o (llo) is a pore-forming cytolysin that enables listeria monocytogenes to escape from a host cell vacuole. the structural gene for the related cytolysin perfringolysin o (pfo) was cloned downstream from the promoter for hly, the gene encoding llo, both on a plasmid and on the l. monocytogenes chromosome. both strains secreted active pfo, although regulation was not identical to that of llo. the chromosomal pfo-expressing strain was characterized for intracellular growth and cell-t ...	1994	7960143
antimicrobial activity of lactobacilli: preliminary characterization and optimization of production of acidocin b, a novel bacteriocin produced by lactobacillus acidophilus m46.	approximately 1000 lactobacillus strains were isolated and screened for the production of antimicrobial activity, using a target panel of spoilage organisms and pathogens. only eight positive strains were found; two of these were studied in more detail. lactobacillus salivarius m7 produces the new broad spectrum bacteriocin salivaricin b which inhibits the growth of listeria monocytogenes, bacillus cereus, brochothrix thermosphacta, enterococcus faecalis and many lactobacilli. a new atypical bac ...	1994	7961186
thermostability of bacterial luciferase expressed in different microbes.	bacterial luciferase was used to investigate the relationship between the thermostability of a cytoplasmic reporter molecule and cellular heat resistance. the luciferase activity of vibrio fischeri was expressed in strains of escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, listeria monocytogenes and brochothrix thermosphacta following transformation with plasmid psp13 carrying the luxab genes. the thermostability of intracellular luciferase varied depending on the organism in which it was expressed, b ...	1994	7961187
in-vitro activity of four new fluoroquinolones.	the in-vitro activities of four new fluoroquinolones, e-4749, e-4874, e-4884 and e-4904, were compared with that of ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin against 1106 clinical isolates. against majority of enterobacteriaceae, general antibacterial activities of e-4749 (mic90s 0.06-1 mg/l), e-4874 (mic90s, 0.03-0.25 mg/l) and e-4884 (mic90s 0.01-0.5 mg/l) were comparable or slightly lower than those of ciproloxacin (mic90s 0.01-0.25 mg/l) and sparfloxacin (mic90s 0.01-1 mg/l). the activity of e-4904 (mi ...	1994	7961215
important differences between the generation times of listeria monocytogenes and list. innocua in two listeria enrichment broths.		1994	7962842
infection with listeria monocytogenes impairs sialic acid addition to host cell glycoproteins.	listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular bacterium that causes severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised adults. although entry, multiplication, and locomotion of listeria in the cytosol of infected cells are well described, the impact of such infection on the host cell is unknown. in this report, we investigate the effect of l. monocytogenes infection on mhc class i synthesis, processing, and intracellular trafficking. we show that l. monocytogenes infection interferes with ...	1994	7964488
delivery of a viral antigen to the class i processing and presentation pathway by listeria monocytogenes.	listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen that grows in the cytoplasm of infected host cells. we examined the capacity of l. monocytogenes to introduce influenza nucleoprotein (np) into the class i pathway of antigen presentation both in vitro and in vivo. recombinant l. monocytogenes secreting a fusion of listeriolysin o and np (llo-np) targeted infected cells for lysis by np-specific class i-restricted cytotoxic t cells. antigen presentation occurred in the context of thre ...	1994	7964496
enteral formula composition does not affect response to lethal infectious challenge in mice.	the effects of enteral formulations on the response of mice to infectious challenge with listeria monocytogenes, influenza a or candida albicans were studied to test the efficacy of specialized ingredients. cf-1 outbred female mice (12-15 g) were fed nonpurified diet (purina no. 5002) or commercially available liquid formulas: osmolite hn, perative or impact. there were no differences between the groups fed the liquid formulas with regards to mean survival time or percentage of survivors in any ...	1994	7965199
small plaque mutants.		1994	7968636
molecular cloning and expression of internalin in listeria.		1994	7968639
direct detection of listeria monocytogenes using paramagnetic bead dna extraction and enzymatic dna amplification.	the potential of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) as a tool for direct detection of listeria monocytogenes in food and clinical samples was investigated. a specific oligonucleotide, directed against the listeriolysin 0 gene of l. monocytogenes, was coupled to paramagnetic beads and used to isolate listerial dna from food homogenates and blood. the isolated dna was amplified with a seminested pcr procedure, which recognized the hly gene. the detection limit for l. monocytogenes in 50 ml of a b ...	1994	7969196
[bacterial cns infections in adults in southern lower saxony. a retrospective study of the göttingen neurologic university clinic].	all 155 patients with suspected bacterial central nervous system (cns) infections treated from 1986 to 1991 at the department of neurology, university of göttingen, were evaluated in a retrospective study. according to the clinical symptoms presented at admission, 7 cases were classified as encephalitis, 44 as meningitis, 15 as radiculitis, 19 as ventriculitis, 61 as meningoencephalitis and 9 as meningoradiculitis. in 78% of these cases, the causative bacteria were either isolated from cerebrosp ...	1994	7969649
[rhombencephalitis caused by listeria monocytogenes].	we report the case of a 57-year-old man with listeria rhombencephalitis. this had been ascertained by means of listeria isolation from the cerebrospinal fluid. after an nonspecific prodromial period with nausea and headache, he developed fever, meningism, brain stem dysfunction and an organic psychosis. with early antibiotic therapy (ampicillin/gentamycin), it was possible to bring about a restitio ad integrum. different brain-imaging methods (computed tomography, mri, brain spect) in the acute ...	1994	7969654
bay y 3118, a new quinolone derivative, rapidly eradicates listeria monocytogenes from infected mice and l929 cells.	bay y 3118 is a new quinolone derivative with pronounced activity against gram-positive bacteria including the facultatively intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes. bay y 3118 was tested in vitro and in animal models of listeriosis. all strains of l. monocytogenes and other listeria spp. were highly susceptible in vitro; the mics for these organisms ranged from 0.062 to 0.25 micrograms/ml. bay y 3118 was rapidly bactericidal in vitro, with a postantibiotic effect occurring for 3 h after ...	1994	7979279
neonatal meningitis in england and wales: a review of routine national data.	the objective of this study was to describe trends in neonatal meningitis in england and wales during the years 1975-91. laboratory reports and, for the years 1983-91, data on statutory notifications and deaths from neonatal meningitis were reviewed. the mean annual total of laboratory reports of neonatal bacterial meningitis 1975-91 was 109 cases (range 69-133) with a slight upward trend apparent in the latter half of the study period. the mean annual number of reports of neonatal viral meningi ...	1994	7979482
transport of glycine-betaine by listeria monocytogenes.	uptake of [14c]glycine-betaine by listeria monocytogenes was stimulated by nacl with optimal stimulation at 0.4-0.5 m. the glycine-betaine transport system had a km of 22 microm and a vmax of 11.7 nmol-1 min-1 mg-1 protein when grown in the absence of nacl. when grown in the presence of 0.8 m nacl the vmax increased to 27.0 nmol-1 min-1 mg-1 protein in 0.8 m nacl. at nacl concentrations above 0.5 m the uptake rate of glycine-betaine was reduced. measurement of intracellular k+ concentrations and ...	1994	7979875
listeria monocytogenes peritonitis with review of literature.		1994	7980240
cytolysins from intracellular pathogens.		1994	7981967
immunotoxicological investigation using pharmaceutical drugs: in vivo evaluation of immune effects.	traditional methods for toxicological assessment have indicated that the immune system is a frequent target of toxic insult following subchronic or chronic exposure to xenobiotics. however, most of the xenobiotics evaluated in standardized protocols were environmental chemicals and correlation with available clinical data was not possible. the purpose of this work was to evaluate the potential immunosuppressive effects of pharmaceutical drugs using a standardized protocol developed for immunotox ...	1994	7982524
the virulence regulator protein of listeria ivanovii is highly homologous to prfa from listeria monocytogenes and both belong to the crp-fnr family of transcription regulators.	the two pathogenic listeria species, l. ivanovii and l. monocytogenes, can be differentiated biochemically and show different host ranges. virulence of l. monocytogenes is dependent on the integrity of prfa which positively and co-ordinately regulates transcription of several virulence genes. until now, a prfa homologue had not been identified in l. ivanovii. we have now cloned a chromosomal region from l. ivanovii comprising two genes with high homology to the plca and prfa genes from l. monocy ...	1994	7984088
[epidemiology of primary bacterial meningitis].	in industrialized countries, the incidence of community-acquired bacterial meningitis is between 5 and 10 cases/10(5) population/year. the highest age-specific attack rates are recorded between 0 and 2 years of age and can reach 100 cases/10(5) population/year or more in some countries. in this range of age, streptococcus agalactiae, listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli are responsible for meningitis in neonates whereas haemophilus influenzae, neisseria meningitidis and streptococcus pneu ...	1994	7984912
[epidemic bacterial meningitis in adults and the elderly].	epidemic bacterial meningitis in the adult and the elderly are essentially due to streptococcus pneumoniae. neisseria meningitidis and listeria monocytogenes. their poor prognosis is mainly due to the severity of the associated encephalitis, responsible for neurological sequelae and for mortality ranging from 20 to 30% in pneumonococcal and listeria meningitis. treatment associates an antibiotic having rapid antibactericidal action in the csf, suppression of possible foci of primary infections a ...	1994	7984915
monoclonal antibodies with a high degree of specificity for listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b.	strains of listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b account for a large fraction of sporadic listeriosis cases, as well as all major food-borne epidemics attributed to this pathogen. we have identified a set of three monoclonal antibodies which showed a high degree of specificity for strains of l. monocytogenes serotype 4b. two of these antibodies (c74.33 and c74.180, isotypes immunoglobulin m [igm] and igg3, respectively) recognized all serotype 4b strains, whereas antibody c74.22 (isotype igg1) fail ...	1994	7986031
influence of preadsorbed milk proteins on adhesion of listeria monocytogenes to hydrophobic and hydrophilic silica surfaces.	the adsorption of beta-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin, alpha-lactalbumin, and beta-casein for 8 h and beta-lactoglobulin and bovine serum albumin for 1 h at silanized silica surfaces of low and high hydrophobicity, followed by incubation in buffer and contact with listeria monocytogenes, resulted in different numbers of cells adhered per unit of surface area. adhesion to both surfaces was greatest when beta-lactoglobulin was present and was lowest when bovine serum albumin was present. prea ...	1994	7986033
metabolic activity of pathogenic bacteria during semicontinuous anaerobic digestion.	in natural environments such as anaerobic digesters, bacteria are frequently subjected to the stress of nutrient fluxes because of the continual changes in the flow of nutrients, and to survive, they must be capable of adapting readily to nutrient changes. in this study, the metabolic activities of escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, yersinia enterocolitica, listeria monocytogenes, and campylobacter jejuni were studied within culture bags (versapor-200 filters, 0.22-microns pore size) in l ...	1994	7986040
sensitization of heat-treated listeria monocytogenes to added lysozyme in milk.	listeria monocytogenes was highly resistant to hen egg white lysozyme in whole milk but was sensitive in media and in phosphate buffer. methods to sensitize the pathogen to lysozyme in milk were investigated. treatment of whole milk by cation exchange to remove minerals, particularly ca2+ and mg2+, slightly promoted inactivation of l. monocytogenes by lysozyme at 4 degrees c over a period of 6 days. heat treatment (62.5 degrees c for 15 s) strongly sensitized l. monocytogenes to lysozyme in demi ...	1994	7986052
glucose uptake by listeria monocytogenes scott a and inhibition by pediocin jd.	glucose uptake by listeria monocytogenes scott a was inhibited by the bacteriocin pediocin jd and by the protonophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyhydrazone. experiments with monensin, nigericin, chlorhexidine diacetate, dinitrophenol, and gramicidin, however, showed that glucose uptake could occur in the absence of a proton motive force. l. monocytogenes cell extracts phosphorylated glucose when phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) was present in the assay mixture, and whole cells incubated with 2-deoxyg ...	1994	7986056
recovery of heat-injured listeria monocytogenes.	concern has been expressed that the ability of heat-injured listeria monocytogenes cells to resuscitate during refrigerated storage of food may lead to underestimation of their heat resistance. the recovery of heat-injured l. monocytogenes was therefore examined as a function of incubation temperature and composition of recovery medium. heat-injured cells exhibited a broad optimum temperature for recovery centered around 20-25 degrees c. the best recovery medium of those tested was blood agar. i ...	1994	7986674
effect of trisodium phosphate on biofilm and planktonic cells of campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli o157: h7, listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium.	trisodium phosphate (tsp) has been approved by the united states department of agriculture as a post-chill antimicrobial treatment for raw poultry. this study examines the effectiveness of tsp against planktonic (suspended) and biofilm (attached) cells of campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium at room temperature (rt) and 10 degrees c. at either temperature e. coli o157:h7 was the most sensitive to tsp treatments; 10(6) cfu/ml of plankto ...	1994	7986678
subchronic 10 day immunotoxicity of polydimethylsiloxane (silicone) fluid, gel and elastomer and polyurethane disks in female b6c3f1 mice.	millions of people have been exposed to silicones because of the widespread use in consumer products such as cosmetics and toiletries, food products, household products and paints. silicones have wide use in medical practice, including lubricants in tubing and syringes, and as implantable devices. the most prevalent silicone in medical use is polydimethylsiloxane. this study was undertaken to determine the subchronic immunotoxicologic potential of the principal constituents of breast implants: s ...	1994	7988383
immunotoxicity of 180 day exposure to polydimethylsiloxane (silicone) fluid, gel and elastomer and polyurethane disks in female b6c3f1 mice.	millions of people have been exposed to silicones which are present in consumer goods such as cosmetics and toiletries, processed foods and household products. in addition, silicones have been used extensively in medical practice as a lubricant in tubing and syringes, and as implantable devices. a silicone widely used in medical practice is polydimethylsiloxane. this study was undertaken to determine the immunotoxicologic potential of long term exposure to the principal constituents of breast im ...	1994	7988384
immunotoxicity of mono-nitrotoluenes in female b6c3f1 mice: i. para-nitrotoluene.	para-nitrotoluene (p-nitrotoluene) is used primarily as an intermediate in the production of various dyes, explosives, pharmaceuticals, and in the production of rubber and agricultural products. previous investigations indicated that p-nitrotoluene was mutagenic in the ames test and that other mono-substituted nitrotoluenes bound covalently to hepatic macromolecules. the objective of these studies was to evaluate the potential immunotoxicity of p-nitrotoluene in mice exposed by the oral route. m ...	1994	7988386
immunotoxicity of mono-nitrotoluenes in female b6c3f1 mice: ii. meta-nitrotoluene.	the nitrotoluenes are chemicals used in dyes, agricultural products, pharmaceuticals and explosives. in the present studies, the toxicology and immunotoxicity of meta-nitrotoluene (m-nitrotoluene) were evaluated. mice, exposed to m-nitrotoluene at dose levels of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg/body weight for 2 weeks by gastric gavage, gained body weight over the treatment period to a slightly greater extent than the control groups. of the selected organs weighed, the liver and kidney of mice exposed to ...	1994	7988387
immunotoxicity of 2,4-diaminotoluene in female b6c3f1 mice.	2,4-diaminotoluene (dat) has been demonstrated to be a potent carcinogen. the present studies were carried out to determine the toxic and immunotoxic potential of dat. mice exposed to dat at 25-100 mg/kg per day for 14 days by gavage showed a 42% increase in liver weight and a slight decrease in spleen weight. histopathologic evaluation of selected organs showed the liver to be the major target with morphological changes which were dose dependent. the high dose (100 mg/kg) was associated with mo ...	1994	7988388
the 126 kda iron-regulated protein of listeria monocytogenes is not a transferrin binding protein.	it has been reported that a 126 kda protein of listeria monocytogenes binds human transferrin. it is evident from results presented here that this is not so and that the observation of others resulted from interaction of this 126 kda protein with streptavidin.	1994	7988878
rapd typing for distinguishing species and strains in the genus listeria.	the randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) technique was employed in the development of a typing protocol for listeria isolates, particularly listeria monocytogenes strains. a single strain of l. monocytogenes was used and 200 random decamer primers were screened for their discriminatory abilities by visualizing the amplification products electrophoretically. three candidate primers displaying potentially useful banding patterns were selected and tested against 52 l. monocytogenes strains, en ...	1994	7989249