Publications

joint and bone infections due to anaerobic bacteria in children.	the current review describes the microbiology, diagnosis and management of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis due to anaerobic bacteria in children. staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae type-b, and group a streptococcus, streptococcus pneumoniae, kingela kingae, neisseria meningiditis and salmonella spp are the predominant aerobic bacteria that cause arthritis in children. gonococcal arthritis can occur in sexually active adolescents. the predominant aerobes causing osteomyelitis in chi ...	2002	12396847
antigenic and genotypic relationships between bartonella henselae strains.		2002	12409443
[vertebral osteomyelitis associated with cat scratch disease].		2002	12433360
activation and apoptosis of macrophages in cat scratch disease.	cat scratch disease is an infectious disease usually caused by bartonella henselae. within 1-3 weeks after inoculation, patients typically develop regional self-limited lymphadenopathy. lymph nodes reveal granulomas consisting of central necrosis, an inner rim of palisading macrophages, and an outer rim of lymphocytes and non-palisading macrophages. in animals, cat-scratch disease leads to an interferon-gamma (ifngamma)-mediated t-helper 1 immune response, resulting in macrophage recruitment, st ...	2002	12434424
prevalence study of antibody to ratborne pathogens and other agents among patients using a free clinic in downtown los angeles.	norway rats (rattus norvegicus) are hosts for various microbes. homeless people who have contact with rats may be at risk of infection by them. the los angeles county department of health services initiated a seroepidemiologic study among patients who used a free clinic in downtown los angeles; 200 serum specimens obtained for other routine assays were tested for antibodies to ratborne pathogens and other agents. the seroprevalence of antibody to hepatitis e virus in this population was 13.6%; t ...	2002	12447746
molecular epidemiology of bartonella henselae infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients and their cat contacts, using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and genotyping.	bartonella henselae causes severe disease in immunocompromised individuals. b. henselae was isolated from 12 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals with bacillary angiomatosis and/or peliosis hepatis and from their 15 cat contacts. specific associations between the 2 b. henselae genotypes, individual pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns, and different clinical syndromes and pathogenicity were investigated. the role of cat contacts as the source of human infection was ...	2002	12447758
bartonella henselae and bartonella elizabethae as potential canine pathogens.	bartonella henselae or bartonella elizabethae dna from edta-anticoagulated blood samples obtained from four dogs was amplified and sequenced. the results showed that b. elizabethae should be added to the list of bartonella species (i.e., b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, b. henselae, and b. clarridgeiae) that are currently recognized as infectious agents in dogs. furthermore, these results may have potential zoonotic implications, particularly if dogs can serve as a previously unrecognized reservoi ...	2002	12454170
limited diversity among human isolates of bartonella henselae.	a study of 59 isolates of bartonella henselae reveals relatively limited diversity among those of human origin (n = 28). either of two distinct alleles of both glta and 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) was found in all isolates, with a high level of congruity between 16s and glta inheritance among proven human pathogens. human isolates from all over eastern australia were most commonly 16s rdna (bergmans) type i, with the same glta allele as the type strain (houston-1). comparable feline isolates were m ...	2002	12454174
[treatment of bite wounds and cat-scratch disease].	although rabies is the most serious consequence of animal bite injuries, in urban rabies-free countries the risk of rabies is far lower than the risk of bacterial infections of the wound. the most frequent etiologic cause of the wound infections after dog bites is pasteurella multocida, as well as in the case of bites by cats, after which cat-scratch disease may also develop, its main cause being bartonella henselae. all bite injuries must be carefully cleaned and disinfected; it is necessary to ...	2001	12078126
bartonella infection associated with systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.	a 4-year-old girl with systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis had bartonella infection diagnosed serologically. this case suggested that bartonella (most probably bartonella henselae) infection may in part be responsible for the development of systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.	2001	11112671
autoimmune haemolytic anaemia triggered by bartonella henselae infection: a case report.	bartonella henselae is a hitherto unidentified cause of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. here we report a case of coombs-negative autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. the episode was preceded by exposure to a cat and a non-specific infectious syndrome. concomitant serum titres of b. henselae antibodies were indicative of a recent infection. the case report suggests that b. henselae infection can trigger secondary autoimmune haemolytic anaemia.	2001	11843827
rapid allelic discrimination from real-time dna amplification.	a rapid method based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer and real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is used to identify the factor v genotype or to identify the bacterial species bartonella qunitana or bartonella henselae. allelic discrimination was performed on the post-pcr product. thermal cyclers other than the 7700 sequence detection system can be used for pcr, after which the products can be transferred to the 7700 sequence detection system for measurement of fluorescence. the delt ...	2001	11846614
prevalence of bartonella species and 16s rrna gene types of bartonella henselae from domestic cats in thailand.	prevalence of bartonella infection among 275 cats in 9 sites from 4 geographical regions (northern area: chiang mai; central area: kanchanaburi, ratchaburi, and bangkok; northeastern area: khon kaen, roi et, ubon ratcharthani, and nakhonratchasima; southern area: songkhla) of thailand was investigated. overall, bartonella species were isolated from 27.6% (76 of 275) of the cats. the isolation rate varied from 12.8% (5 of 39) in songkhla (southern area) to 50.0% (26 of 52) in khon kaen (northeast ...	2001	11791975
evidence of rodent-associated bartonella and rickettsia infections among intravenous drug users from central and east harlem, new york city.	we tested serum samples collected in 1997 and 1998 from a cohort of 204 injection drug users (idus) recruited from central and east harlem, new york city, new york, for antibodies reactive with seven rickettsial or bartonella spp. antigens. rodent-associated bartonella elizabethae and rickettsia akari were the primary etiologic agents of interest. the testing panel also included bartonella henselae, bartonella quintana, rickettsia prowazekii, rickettsia rickettsii, and rickettsia typhi. the high ...	2001	11791987
granuloma annulare: another manifestation of bartonella infection?	granuloma annulare (ga) is a common cutaneous eruption whose pathogenesis remains unknown. recent literature has suggested a relation between borrelia infection and ga, a relation that has not been widely accepted. earlier works attempted unsuccessfully to implicate various other infectious agents. some reports have demonstrated the increased frequency of ga in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, again raising the possibility of an infectious etiology. using polymerase chain re ...	2001	11801791
aortic valve endocarditis caused by bartonella henselae: a rare surgical entity.	we report a case of aortic valve endocarditis caused by bartonella henselae. the patient initially presented to a regional hospital with generalized symptoms including lethargy, malaise and decreased appetite. transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a large vegetation on the aortic valve and he was treated empirically with broad spectrum intravenous antibiotics. several blood cultures were obtained which all returned negative results and the white blood cell count was normal. he was transferred to ...	2001	11803150
[new and emerging rickettsial and bartonella infections].	there have been recently reports on over 10 new and resurgent rickettsioses and bartonelloses in different countries, which reflects both socioeconomic processes in society and a higher methodological level of indication and identification of causative agents. in 1991, the author' laboratory, n. f. gamaleya research institute of experimental medicine, russian academy of medical sciences, established the etiology of the new rickettsiosis astrakhan spotted fever. it separated and studied 2 strains ...	2001	11837209
infection of fetal feline brain cells in culture with bartonella henselae.	bartonella henselae is known to cause central nervous system (cns) disease in humans, and neurological signs have been observed in experimentally infected cats. however, the pathogenesis of cns disease remains unclear. this study was undertaken to determine whether b. henselae infects feline fetal brain cells in vitro. microglial-cell- and astrocyte-enriched cultures were inoculated with b. henselae. giménez staining identified bacterial organisms within microglial cells by day 7 postinoculation ...	2001	11119554
use of rpob gene analysis for detection and identification of bartonella species.	identification of bartonella species is of increasing importance as the number of infections in which these bacteria are involved increases. to date, these gram-negative bacilli have been identified by various serological, biochemical, and genotypic methods. however, the development of alternative tools is required, principally to circumvent a major risk of contamination during sample manipulation. the aim of our study was to investigate the possible identification of various bartonella species ...	2001	11158086
genetic variability and prevalence of bartonella henselae in cats in berlin, germany, and analysis of its genetic relatedness to a strain from berlin that is pathogenic for humans.	nineteen bartonella henselae strains and one bartonella clarridgeiae strain were isolated from blood samples of 97 pet cats and 96 stray cats from berlin, germany, indicating prevalence rates of 1 and 18.7%, respectively, for b. henselae and 0 and 1%, respectively, for b. clarridgeiae. eighteen of 19 b. henselae isolates corresponded to 16s rrna type ii. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) analysis revealed seven different pfge types among the feline b. henselae strains. interestingly, all f ...	2001	11158141
treatment of cat-scratch disease.	cat-scratch disease is an infection caused by bartonella henselae, a fastidious gram-negative bacillus acquired from exposure to an infected kitten or cat. the most common manifestation of human disease is lymphadenitis. atypical forms of infection include parinaud oculoglandular syndrome, stellate neuroretinitis, persistent fever without localizing signs, hepatosplenic infection, encephalopathy, osteomyelitis, and endocarditis. immunocompromised individuals with b. hensalae infection may develo ...	2001	11176245
passive antibody to bartonella henselae protects against clinical disease following homologous challenge but does not prevent bacteremia in cats.	we challenged cats transfused with anti-bartonella serum and kittens born to antibody-positive queens with bartonella henselae to determine the contribution of antibodies to the control of b. henselae in cats. in both experiments, antibody-positive cats were protected from clinical disease but passive antibody to the homologous strain of b. henselae did not prevent bacteremia.	2001	11179367
association of bartonella species and coxiella burnetii infection with coronary artery disease.	coronary artery disease is an inflammatory condition associated with several infections. we prospectively evaluated 155 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography for evidence of bartonella species and coxiella burnetii infection. all bartonella cultures were found to be negative. multivariable logistic regression analysis that controlled for potential confounding factors revealed no association between coronary artery disease and seropositivity to bartonella henselae (odds ratio [or], ...	2001	11181164
a serological survey of rural dogs and cats on the southwestern canadian prairie for zoonotic pathogens.	a survey for antibodies against agents of plague, tularemia, and rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf), and against sin nombre hantavirus (snv), bartonella henselae and b. clarridgeiae was conducted in the summer of 1995 using serum from rural dogs and cats living in the vicinity of four public parks in southeastern alberta and southwestern saskatchewan. antibodies to all pathogens were detected in all survey areas. overall prevalence rates were 0.075 for yersinia pestis, 0.089 for francisella tul ...	2001	11257996
[bartonella henselae infection in domestic cat and dog fleas].	we studied on the infection of domestic cat and dog fleas with bartonella henselae by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a total of 62 fleas (36 ctenocephalidis felis from cats, 24 c. felis from dogs and 2 ctenocephalidis canis from dogs), stored in 70% ethanol, were analyzed by pcr for b. henselae specific dna. of the 62 fleas, c. felis from cats and dogs were positive for b. henselae specific dna in 12 of the 36 (33.3%) and in 5 of the 24 (20.8%), respectively, and c. canis from dogs was positiv ...	2001	11260879
[subacute infectious endocarditis due to the agent of cat scratch fever: bartonella henselae].	the diagnosis of severe mitral stenosis with left atrial thrombus was rectified at valvular replacement in a 48-year old immuno-competent man who was a cat owner. the mass in the left atrium was, in fact, a large endocarditic vegetation. pre- and postoperative blood cultures were negative as was culture of the excised mitral valve. the diagnosis of infectious endocarditis (ie) due to bartonella henselae was made from a positive serological test (1600) and identification of the germ by genetic am ...	2001	11265556
prevalence of bartonella henselae in cats in the uk.		2001	11266008
genomic diversity of bartonella henselae isolates from domestic cats from japan, the usa and france by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.	the genomic dna diversity of 27 bartonella henselae and three b. clarridgeiae isolates from 18 domestic cats from japan, the usa and france was investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) with noti, asci and smai restriction enzymes. a great diversity of genomic patterns was found for all b. henselae, but none for b. clarridgeiae isolates. the dna size of b. henselae and b. clarridgeiae isolates were 1.7-2.9 and 1.7mbp, respectively. all 13 japanese cat isolates were identified as b. ...	2001	11267793
molecular evidence of bartonella spp. in questing adult ixodes pacificus ticks in california.	ticks are the vectors of many zoonotic diseases in the united states, including lyme disease, human monocytic and granulocytic ehrlichioses, and rocky mountain spotted fever. most known bartonella species are arthropod borne. therefore, it is important to determine if some bartonella species, which are emerging pathogens, could be carried or transmitted by ticks. in this study, adult ixodes pacificus ticks were collected by flagging vegetation in three sites in santa clara county, calif. pcr-res ...	2001	11283031
epidemiology of bartonella infection in domestic cats in france.	blood samples were collected between february and june 1996 from a convenience sample of 436 domestic french cats living in paris and its environs and were tested for bartonella bacteremia and seropositivity. seventy-two cats (16.5%) were bartonella bacteremic, of which 36 cats (50%) were infected with bartonella henselae type ii (b.h. ii) only, 15 cats (21%) were infected with bartonella clarridgeiae (b.c.) only, and 11 cats (15%) were infected with b. henselae type i (b.h. i) only. eight cats ...	2001	11295338
giant hepatic granuloma caused by bartonella henselae.	we report a 10-year-old girl with a 3.0- by 3.5-cm giant hepatic granuloma caused by bartonella henselae. such a solitary and large granuloma associated with b. henselae infection has not been previously reported. we believe that b. henselae infection is a consideration in the differential diagnosis of a large hepatic mass.	2001	11303841
asymptomatic persistent pulmonary infiltrates in an immunocompetent boy with cat-scratch disease.	we describe here an immunocompetent boy with fever, regional adenopathy, multifocal hepatosplenic granulomas, and high and increasing serum antibody titers for bartonella henselae in whom diffuse bilateral reticulonodular pulmonary infiltrates developed in the absence of respiratory symptoms.	2001	11317652
trem-1 amplifies inflammation and is a crucial mediator of septic shock.	host innate responses to bacterial infections are primarily mediated by neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages. these cells express pattern recognition receptors (prrs) that bind conserved molecular structures shared by groups of microorganisms. stimulation of prr signalling pathways initiates secretion of proinflammatory mediators, which promote the elimination of infectious agents and the induction of tissue repair. excessive inflammation owing to bacterial infections can lead to tissue damage ...	2001	11323674
[bartonella infection].	bartonella species have been recently recognized as an important human pathogen associated with a wide spectrum of diseases. four members of the genus are known to cause human infection: bartonella baciliformis, b. henselae, b. quintana and b. elizabethae. b. baciliformis, the first identified bartonella species, is the agent of two disease entities, oroya fever and verruga peruana., b. henselae and b. quintana are two species involved in producing bacteremic syndromes (relapsing fever, trench f ...	2001	12092178
urban zoonoses caused by bartonella, coxiella, ehrlichia, and rickettsia species.	the last half of the 20th century witnessed an increase in the occurrence and recognition of urban zoonoses caused by members of the genera bartonella, coxiella, ehrlichia, and rickettsia, all traditionally considered to be members of the family rickettsiaceae. in recent years, new human pathogens (bartonella elizabethae, bartonella henselae, and rickettsia felis) have been recognized in urban environments. other newly recognized pathogens (ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia phagocytophila in t ...	2001	12653141
[pseudotumoral presentation of cat scratch disease].	a frequent cause of chronic benign lymphadenopathy, cat-scratch disease (csd) occurs mainly in children and young adults. bartonella henselae is the agent responsible for csd. the most common symptoms of the disease are regional lymphadenopathy and fever. atypical forms occur in about 10% of patients; among them, csd may initially present as a tumor.	2001	11339132
[bartonella henselae as the causative agent in cat-scratch disease: case report].	in this article we reported typical clinical, primary skin lesion and regional lymphadenitis, and atypical, protracted fever and algic syndrome, characteristics of cat scratch disease (csd) in a 21-year-old man (a student) from zadar, croatia. laboratory parameters were in normal range. the histopathologic findings of affected lymph nodes included stellate caseating granulomas. by using ifa method a seroconversion of specific igg antibodies (neg/1:512) and rise of igm antibodies (1:160/ > 1:320) ...	2001	11379192
bartonella henselae bacteraemia in patients with cat scratch disease.		2001	11388603
bartonella interactions with endothelial cells and erythrocytes.	bartonella species are emerging human pathogens responsible for a wide range of clinical manifestations, including carrion's disease, trench fever, cat-scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis-peliosis, endocarditis and bacteraemia. during infection of their human or animal reservoir host(s), these arthropod-borne pathogens typically invade and persistently colonize mature erythrocytes. however, in both reservoir and incidentally infected hosts, endothelial cells are target cells for bartonellae. ...	2001	11390243
dna amplification for the diagnosis of cat-scratch disease in small-quantity clinical specimens.	diagnosis of cat-scratch disease (csd) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of lymph node fineneedle aspiration (fna) and primary lesion specimens can be difficult owing to the minute amount of available material. a pcr assay specifically suited to test these specimens was developed. first, small-quantity (10 microl) samples were prepared from 17 csd-positive and 16 csd-negative specimens, and dna extraction and amplification from these samples were compared using 3 methods. sensitivity and specif ...	2001	11392888
excessive tumor-elaborated vegf and its neutralization define a lethal paraneoplastic syndrome.	vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) is a potent endothelial cell mitogen and key regulator of both physiologic and pathologic (e.g., tumor) angiogenesis. in the course of studies designed to assess the ability of constitutive vegf to block tumor regression in an inducible ras melanoma model, mice implanted with vegf-expressing tumors sustained high morbidity and mortality that were out of proportion to the tumor burden. documented elevated serum levels of vegf were associated with a lethal ...	2001	11404464
macular star in neuroretinitis.		2001	11405817
molecular phylogeny of the genus bartonella: what is the current knowledge?	species of the genus bartonella are involved in an increasing variety of human diseases. in addition to the 14 currently recognized species, several bartonella strains have been recovered from a wide range of wild and domestic mammals in europe and america. such a high diversity of geographic distributions, animal reservoirs, arthropod vectors and pathogenic properties makes clarification of our knowledge about the phylogeny of bartonella species necessary. phylogenetic data have been inferred m ...	2001	11410341
pars plana vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane secondary to cat scratch neuroretinitis.		2001	11421023
focal retinal phlebitis as a presenting sign of systemic bartonella henselae infection.		2001	11421028
[serological cross-reaction among bartonella henselae, chlamydia pneumoniae and coxiella burnetii by indirect fluorescence antibody method].	we studied the serological cross-reactions among bartonella henselae, chlamydia pneumoniae and coxiella burnetii by indirect fluorescence antibody (ifa) method, using sera from 8 patients with cat scratch disease (csd), 13 patients with c. pneumoniae infection and 12 patients with acute q fever. b. henselae igg antibody was negative in 13 patients with c. pneumoniae infection, and was positive in 3 (titers being 1:64) of 12 patients with q fever, whereas b. henselae igm antibody was negative in ...	2001	11424490
production of bartonella genus-specific monoclonal antibodies.	monoclonal antibodies (mabs) which react with heat-resistant proteins with molecular masses of 32 to 33 kda of 14 different bartonella species were produced. these antibodies did not react with antigens of 26 diverse bacterial strains by microimmunofluorescence assay except mab b3d4, which reacted with chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia trachomatis at low titers. the identification of a common bartonella antigenic protein will make it possible to later produce a diagnostic antigen by cloning and e ...	2001	11427441
bartonella hensela in inflammatory bowel disease.		2001	11430386
[cat scratch disease. clinical study of 26 patients. role and importance of pcr].	cat scratch disease is a mild pathology but diagnosis often remain difficult.	2001	11433560
cat-scratch disease: epidemiology, aetiology and treatment.	cat-scratch disease (csd) is a clinical syndrome that usually presents as a self-limiting lymphadenopathy associated with a cat scratch or bite. commonly affecting children and young adults, it has a worldwide distribution. in temperate climates, higher rates are reported in the autumn and winter, which can be attributed to the seasonal breeding of the domestic cat. the organism responsible was identified in 1983, having eluded detection for 50 years. initially, afipia felis was thought to be th ...	2001	11440202
bartonella henselae induces nf-kappab-dependent upregulation of adhesion molecules in cultured human endothelial cells: possible role of outer membrane proteins as pathogenic factors.	the endothelium is a specific target for bartonella henselae, and endothelial cell infection represents an important step in the pathogenesis of cat scratch disease and bacillary angiomatosis. mechanisms of bartonella-endothelial cell interaction as well as signaling pathways involved in target cell activation were analyzed. b. henselae strain berlin-1, isolated from bacillary angiomatosis lesions of a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient, potently stimulated human umbilical cord vein e ...	2001	11447190
[bartonella henselae meningoencephalitis].		2001	11458191
an epitrochlear tumour.		2001	11461986
epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of bartonella quintana and bartonella henselae endocarditis: a study of 48 patients.		2001	11470985
immunofluorescent detection of intraerythrocytic bartonella henselae in naturally infected cats.	to determine the presence of bartonella henselae bacteremia in six cats, we compared isolation using blood culture with direct immunofluorescence on blood smears. three cats that were positive by blood culture were also positive by direct immunofluorescence, and laser confocal microscopy confirmed the intraerythrocytic location of b. henselae.	2001	11474027
serodiagnosis of cat scratch disease: response to bartonella henselae in children and a review of diagnostic methods.	in this study, sera from 116 children without clinical evidence of cat scratch disease (csd) and sera from 19 children with csd were investigated by two different immunofluorescent assays (test a and test b) to evaluate the seroprevalence of bartonella henselae antibodies in this population. antibodies against bartonella henselae were found in noninfected children only in low titers: 13% and 3.5% of serum samples were positive by test a and test b, respectively. igg titers as determined by test ...	2001	11476439
evaluation and use of a nested polymerase chain reaction assay in cats experimentally infected with bartonella henselae genotype i and bartonella henselae genotype ii.	cats have been shown to be infected with bartonella henselae genotype i, b. henselae genotype ii, and b. clarridgeiae. feline bartonellosis infections and the strains involved in these infections are important in both veterinary and human medicine. nucleic acid amplification methods such as polymerase chain reaction (pcr) are being used in both research and diagnostics as tools for understanding many infectious diseases. bartonella bacteremia in cats is detected by blood culture; however, becaus ...	2001	11478603
cat-scratch disease: considerations for dentistry.	cat-scratch disease, or csd, results from inoculation of the gram-negative bacillus bartonella henselae via a cat's scratch. a regional lymphadenitis, which usually is cervical, develops and may progress to suppuration. it is necessary to differentiate csd from other lymphadenopathies.	2001	11480644
differential detection of bartonella species and strains in cat scratch disease diagnostics by polymerase chain reaction amplification of 16s ribosomal rna gene.	cat scratch disease (csd) has been difficult to diagnose in animals because of the protracted clinical course of infection and the quiescent phases when the microbial culprit lies dormant. the causative agent in csd appears to be multiple species and strains of bartonella. using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques for amplification of highly variable regions of the 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene sequence, a very sensitive species- and strain-specific assay for csd-causing bartonella specie ...	2001	11482599
acute endogenous endophthalmitis due to bartonella henselae.	a 45-year-old man presented with progressively worsening vitreitis of 1 week's duration. treatment for cat-scratch disease 3 years prior to presentation and persistent vitreitis led to vitrectomy, and analysis of the vitrectomy specimen revealed inflammatory cells and necrotic debris; polymerase-chain-reaction analysis of the vitreous fluid sample, done by use of a novel heminested protocol, demonstrated the presence of bartonella henselae dna. treatment with doxycycline led to improvement in th ...	2001	11486295
[an adult case of systemic cat-scratch disease with hepatosplenic involvement].	a previously healthy 25-year-old female was admitted to our hospital in november, 1997, for treatment of a spike-fever of 2 weeks' duration. she had a cat in her house but reported no history of cat bites or scratches. no peripheral lymphadenopathy was detected. white blood cell count was within normal limits, but an increased c-reactive protein level of 11.4 mg/dl was noted. infectious disease was suspected but ruled out as blood cultures were negative. empiric therapy with clarithromyoin, ison ...	2001	11494569
[bartonella henselae endocarditis. report of a case and review of the literature].	bartonella spp are small gram-negative rods, aerobic and highly fastidious. they are difficult to culture, in the routine bacterial cultures. they are considered as emergent human pathogens. since 1993, three species of bartonella (b. quintana, b. henselae, and b. elizabethae) have been described as causative agents of infectious endocarditis. in this paper we describe the case of a 43 year-old woman with a previous valvular heart disease, probably of rheumatic origin, owner of cats, that suffer ...	2001	11496560
probable atypical cat scratch disease presenting as isolated posterior pancreatic duodenal lymphadenitis and abdominal pain.	we report a case involving a 15-year-old girl with atypical, clinically unsuspected cat scratch disease (csd) presenting as isolated posterior pancreatic duodenal lymphadenitis, fever, and abdominal pain. the serological, abdominal ultrasonographic, and ct findings, as well as clinical and epidemiological data, indicate that b. henselae was likely an etiologic agent of csd in our patient.	2001	11512100
circulating cytokines in patients with cat scratch disease.	levels of circulating interleukin (il)-2, il-6, and il-10, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were significantly higher in patients with cat scratch disease (csd) than in healthy control subjects; no induction of il-12 was observed, and levels of interferon-gamma and il-4 were generally not detectable. this is the first report showing increased circulating cytokine levels in patients with csd. the induction of these mediators can partly explain some clinical and pathological features ...	2001	11512109
[cat scratch disease showing clinical picture resembling tuberculous lymphadenitis: a case report].	on february 18th, 1997, a 61-year-old woman visited our hospital because of a left inguinal mass. on physical examination, the mass was soft without inflammatory sign. about one month later, the node was excised. pathological examination revealed granulomas with caseous necrosis and langhans giant cells, suggesting tuberculosis, although acid fast stain was negative. thereafter, re-history taking in detail disclosed that a kitten had often scratched her. we reexamined the pathology and checked h ...	2001	11517562
[longitudinal study of serological response to bartonella henselae by indirect fluorescence assay in cat scratch disease].	sequential serologic testing for igg and igm titers to bartonella henselae were evaluated by an indirect fluorescence assay (ifa) in patients with csd. the ifa test for the detection of igg and igm antibodies to b. henselae in 52 csd patients showed that 40 (76.9%) were positive for igg antibody and 9 (17.3%) were positive for igm antibody. two or more consecutive serum samples from 30 patients with csd were assessed. in regard to the detection of igg antibody, 5 patients had rapidly elevated ti ...	2001	11521278
bartonella henselae serostatus is not correlated with neurocognitive decline in hiv infection.	bartonella henselae has been implicated as a significant cause of hiv-associated dementia. we attempted to confirm this association by utilizing the database of the san diego hiv neurobehavioral research center, which collects longitudinal neurocognitive and laboratory data on over 500 hiv-infected participants. utilizing an immunofluorescent assay we found that 11% of 177 subjects, half of whom had documented neurocognitive decline, were seropositive for b. henselae. there was no correlation be ...	2001	11525353
unsuspected extralymphocutaneous dissemination in febrile cat scratch disease.	cat scratch disease (csd) commonly manifests as regional self-limited lymphadenitis. however, dissemination of the infection to distant multiple sites may occur even in immunocompetent patients. we report a series of 11 children with fever and extralymphocutaneous manifestations of csd, in order to highlight potential multiorgan involvement in patients with febrile csd. to be eligible for enrollment, patients had to present with involvement of sites other than regional lymph nodes. the diagnosis ...	2001	11525355
native valve endocarditis due to bartonella henselae in a middle-aged human immunodeficiency virus-negative woman.	we report the case of a human immunodeficiency virus-negative woman who developed native valve endocarditis of the aortic valve due to bartonell henselae infection. the diagnosis was established using serology and pcr analysis of excised aortic valve tissue.	2001	11526194
seroprevalence of antibodies to microorganisms known to cause arterial and myocardial damage in patients with or without coronary stenosis.	infections are assumed to play a role in coronary artery disease (cad) and cardiomyopathies. it is unknown whether the seroprevalence of antibodies to these microorganisms is higher in patients with than without cad. the seroprevalence of antibodies to bartonella henselae, borrelia burgdorferi, chlamydia pneumoniae, coxiella burnetii, helicobacter pylori, human granulocytic ehrlichia, leptospira, rickettsia conorii, and treponema pallidum was assessed prospectively in patients with exertional dy ...	2001	11527817
bartonella henselae neuroretinitis.		2001	11531989
identification, characterization, and functional analysis of a gene encoding the ferric uptake regulation protein in bartonella species.	environmental iron concentrations coordinately regulate transcription of genes involved in iron acquisition and virulence via the ferric uptake regulation (fur) system. we identified and sequenced the fur gene and flanking regions of three bartonella species. the most notable difference between bartonella fur and other fur proteins was a substantially higher predicted isoelectric point. no promoter activity or fur autoregulation was detected using a gfp reporter gene fused to the 204 nucleotides ...	2001	11544240
evidence of a leading role for vegf in bartonella henselae-induced endothelial cell proliferations.	bartonella henselae causes the vasculoproliferative disorders bacillary angiomatosis (ba) and bacillary peliosis (bp). the pathomechanisms of these tumorous proliferations are unknown. our results suggest a novel bacterial two-step pathogenicity strategy, in which the pathogen triggers growth factor production for subsequent proliferation of its own host cells. in fact, b. henselae induces host cell production of the angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf), leading to prolife ...	2001	11553014
interaction of bartonella henselae with the murine macrophage cell line j774: infection and proinflammatory response.	bartonella henselae is the causative agent of cat scratch disease (csd), a self-limiting condition characterized by a subacute regional lymphadenopathy that may develop into disseminated bartonellosis in immunocompromised subjects. mice experimentally infected with b. henselae display typical liver and spleen granulomas rich in t cells and macrophages. so far there are no data on the interaction between bartonellae and macrophages. in order to clarify this topic, we investigated the interaction ...	2001	11553533
bartonella henselae-specific cell-mediated immune responses display a predominantly th1 phenotype in experimentally infected c57bl/6 mice.	immune responses of the immunocompetent host to bartonella henselae infection were investigated in the murine infection model using c57bl/6 mice. following intraperitoneal infection with human-derived b. henselae strain berlin-1, viable bacteria could be recovered from livers and spleens during the first week postinfection, while bartonella dna remained detectable by pcr in the liver for up to 12 weeks after infection. granulomatous lesions developed in livers of infected mice, reached maximal d ...	2001	11553587
intracellular induction of the bartonella henselae virb operon by human endothelial cells.	one of the more recently identified bacterial exportation systems is the type iv secretion mechanism, which is characterized by a multiprotein complex that spans the inner and outer bacterial membranes and contains a pilin component. the most thoroughly studied type iv secretion system is encoded by the virb operon of agrobacterium tumefaciens. in bartonella henselae, 8 of the 10 virb operon genes share extensive homology and arrangement with the virb operon of a. tumefaciens. sequencing of the ...	2001	11553594
of fleas and ticks on cats and mice...		2001	11559304
concurrent infection of the central nervous system by borrelia burgdorferi and bartonella henselae: evidence for a novel tick-borne disease complex.	to investigate bartonella henselae as a potential human tick-borne pathogen and to evaluate its role as a coinfecting agent of the central nervous system in the presence of neuroborreliosis.	2001	11559306
[splenic abscess and cat-scratch disease].	cat-scratch disease is caused by a gram-negative bacillus known as bartonella henselae. this disease is usually benign and causes regional adenitis that does not require treatment. however, some patients develop more serious atypical forms of the disease including prolonged systemic illness with hepatic and splenic abscesses.a 14-year-old girl was admitted to hospital with a 12-day history of persistent high fever and abdominal pain. ultrasonography and computerized tomography of the abdomen rev ...	2001	11578546
bartonella henselae neuroretinitis in cat scratch disease.		2001	11587306
cat-scratch disease neuroretinitis diagnosed by a polymerase chain reaction approach.	to assess the value of polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of cat-scratch disease neuroretinitis without conclusive serology.	2001	11589885
atypical presentations of cat scratch disease in the head and neck.		2001	11593185
[infections caused by bartonella spp].		2001	11602390
[two patients with bartonella henselae infection from a dog].	two patients were reported as having been infected with bartonella henselae after having contact with a dog. both of the patients owned a dog, but had no contact with cats. one patient was a 10-year-old boy who had experienced a fever of 38-39 degrees c for 11 days, as well as having bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. the boy's serum igm antibodies to b. henselae were negative on the 6th and 16th day of his illness, whereas his igg value, using indirect fluorescence antibody (ifa) method, was f ...	2001	11605190
cat-scratch disease presenting as multifocal osteomyelitis with thoracic abscess.	the case of a 4-year-old girl who presented with fever and back pain after being scratched by a kitten is presented. the diagnosis of cat scratch disease osteomyelitis was made by the detection of bartonella henselae dna by pcr analysis of a rib abscess aspirate.	2001	11642619
possible role of high-dose corticosteroids in the treatment of cat-scratch disease encephalopathy.	approximately 2% of the estimated 24,000 patients in the united states who contract cat-scratch disease annually develop neurologic complications. between 1989 and 1999, 36 patients were admitted to our hospital with cat-scratch disease; 25% had neurologic complications, and the majority experienced lengthy hospital stays. we describe a case of cat-scratch disease encephalopathy in a 4-year-old girl who responded to high-dose corticosteroid therapy. further studies are warranted to determine if ...	2001	11669351
cat scratch disease. a cause of regional lymphadenitis.	in the last decade, the microbiological cause of cat scratch disease (csd) has been determined using a combination of traditional culture and modern molecular techniques. a bacterium known as bartonelia henselae is responsible for the vast majority of cases. the natural history of the disease is being reinterpreted in the light of more sophisticated diagnostic tools.	2001	11681146
survey of veterinary professionals for antibodies to bartonella henselae in japan.	the seroprevalence of bartonella henselae among veterinary professionals in japan was investigated by means of an immunoperoxidase (ip) test that used protein a-horseradish peroxidase conjugate. sera were obtained from 233 veterinary professionals in the tokyo and chiba areas. as negative control group, sera from 155 healthy individuals (all medical students) were used. as positive control group, sera from 5 patients highly suspected of cat scratch disease (csd) by clinical symptoms were tested. ...	2001	11685779
chronic active myocarditis following acute bartonella henselae infection (cat scratch disease).	an association between bartonella infection and myocardial inflammation has not been previously reported. we document a case of a healthy young man who developed chronic active myocarditis after infection with bartonella henselae (cat scratch disease). he progressed to severe heart failure and underwent orthotopic heart transplantation. bartonella henselae, therefore, should be included among the list of infectious agents associated with chronic active myocarditis.	2001	11688584
enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis of cat-scratch disease defined by polymerase chain reaction.	whole-cell immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) tests for detection of anti-bartonella henselae immunoglobulin (ig) g are commonly used to diagnose cat-scratch disease (csd). the need to cultivate b. henselae in vero cells for antigen preparation and the absence of routinely applied ifa assays for igm constitute the major disadvantages of this form of test. we describe the results of an enzyme immunoassay (eia) for igm and igg that used n-lauroyl-sarcosine-insoluble outer membrane antigens from agar ...	2001	11692296
experimental infection and horizontal transmission of bartonella henselae in domestic cats.	in order to study b. henselae transmission among cats, five young cats were kept in confinement for two years, one of them being inoculated by sc route with b. henselae (10(5) ufc). only occasional contact among cats occurred but the presence of fleas was observed in all animals throughout the period. blood culture for isolation of bacteria, pcr-hsp and ftsz (gender specific), and bh-pcr (species-specific), as well as indirect immunofluorescence method for anti-b. henselae antibodies were perfor ...	2001	11696847
culture negative endocarditis combined with glomerulonephritis caused by bartonella species in two immunocompetent adults.	two cases of culture negative endocarditis are presented. in both, bartonella species could be identified as the causative agent and in one of them bartonella henselae was very likely. both cases were accompanied by glomerulonephritis, in one case proven by a kidney biopsy. a nephrotic syndrome may be the first presentation of an endocarditis caused by bartonella species.	2001	11705641
[unusual manifestations of bartonella infections].	the authors review the cases of two patients with an atypical form of cat scratch disease. the first case exhibited ileocoecal and hepatoportal lymphadenitis, and the second case the emerging symptoms of a non-specific granulomatous process in the middle third of the right forearm, which caused a differential-diagnostic problem. establishment of a diagnosis was possible only on the basis of the disease process and the pathological, serological and histopathological pictures of the lymphatic glan ...	2001	11706512
[acute generalized cat scratch disease in myelodysplastic syndrome].	in patients with normal immunity, cat scratch disease typically develop a papule at the portal of entry and no other cutaneous features. a 73 year old male patient with a myelodysplastic syndrome developed generalized petechial, papular and, vasculitic skin lesions in association with cat scratch disease. after the diagnosis was established by identifying the causative organism in a lymph node biopsy, the patient was treated with erythromycin for three weeks resulting in progressive clearance of ...	2001	11715399
cat scratch disease due to bartonella henselae infection mimicking parotid malignancy.	an unusual bartonella henselae infection presenting clinically as a putative parotid cancer was diagnosed based on serological tests, histomorphology and amplification of a 16s-rdna sequence of bartonella henselae. the patient improved greatly upon antibiotic treatment and did not require surgery. although uncommon, infection with bartonella spp., particularly bartonella henselae, should be included in the differential diagnosis of parotid tumors.	2001	11757975
cat scratch disease (bartonellosis) mimicking an sle flare.	only recently bartonella species have been recognized as important human pathogens. cat scratch disease (csd), caused by infection with bartonella henselae, shows a steady increase in the number of cases throughout the world. we report a case of an 18-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) who presented with ongoing fever, arthralgias and loss of weight which did not respond to increasing doses of corticosteroids. after exclusion of common infections a photograph of her cat in co ...	2001	11787880
bartonella henselae infection mimicking a splenic lymphoma.	we report a bartonella henselae infection in a 40-y-old patient who presented with fever, weight loss, night sweats, elevated lactate dehydrogenase and multinodular splenomegaly with multiple abdominal lymphadenopathies. splenic cat-scratch disease is an exceptional diagnosis in adults and can easily be mistaken for a splenic lymphoma, thereby leading to an unnecessary splenectomy.	2001	11868771
widening of the clinical spectrum of bartonella henselae infection as recognized through serodiagnostics.	the recently improved diagnostics have widened, in children, the spectrum of clinical manifestations recognisable as bartonella henselae infection. we report here the clinical features of 20 (14 males) consecutive children with serologically proved b. henselae infection observed within 12 months in the paediatric department of the university of pisa. the patients had a mean age of 7 years 4 months (range 1.1-14.1 years). all children but one had a history of contact with kittens. clinical manife ...	2000	10867845
the gene encoding the 17-kda antigen of bartonella henselae is located within a cluster of genes homologous to the virb virulence operon.	a bartonella henselae genomic a library was screened with antiserum generated in mice against live b. henselae. one of the immunoreactive clones expressed a 17-kda antigen that was characterized previously as an immunodominant protein of b. henselae. sequence analysis of the recombinant clone, pbhim-2, revealed that the open reading frame (orf) encoding the 17-kda antigen was situated between homologs of virb4 and virb6, two genes that belong to the virb operon. the virb operon has been associat ...	2000	10882236
differentiation of bartonella species by a microimmunofluorescence assay, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and western immunoblotting.	bartonella species can be differentiated by microimmunofluorescence assay, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), and immunoblotting with murine polyclonal antisera to bartonella henselae, b. quintana, b. elizabethae, and b. bacilliformis. a pairwise comparison on the basis of sds-page protein profiles demonstrated similarity values for proteins of different bartonella species ranging from 28.6 to 86.4%. antigenic relationships revealed by immunoblotting with murin ...	2000	10882662