Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| kinetic analysis of t cells and antibody production in chickens infected with marek's disease virus. | in chickens inoculated with a marek's disease (md) vaccine and subsequently with virulent md virus (mdv), cd4+ t cell population was drastically decreased following a transient increase at 21 days after hatching (16 days after mdv infection). to elucidate the immune response after the decrease of cd4+ t cell population, the antibody production against sheep red blood cells (srbc) was examined in these chickens. chickens challenged with a virulent mdv after md vaccination produced lower titers, o ... | 1995 | 8593309 |
| stages of marek's disease virus latency defined by variable sensitivity to interferon modulation of viral antigen expression. | cytokines in conditioned medium can suppress expression of viral internal antigens (via) in lymphocytes latently infected with marek's disease virus. in the present study, conditioned media produced by spleen cells stimulated with concanavalin a or by mixed-lymphocyte reaction had significantly greater (p < 0.05) via-suppressive activity with lymphocytes harvested from birds at 14 days post infection than with those collected at 7 days. this finding defines two stages during the latent period in ... | 1995 | 8604560 |
| the marek's disease virus (mdv) unique short region: alphaherpesvirus-homologous, fowlpox virus-homologous, and mdv-specific genes. | despite its previous classification as a gammaherpesvirus, primarily due to its lymphotropism, marek's disease virus (mdv), an oncogenic avian herpesvirus, is phylogenetically more related to the "neurotropic" alphaherpesviruses, characterized by its prototype, herpes simplex virus (hsv) (buckmaster et al., 1988, j. gen. virol. 69, 2033-2042). in this report we present the dna sequence of an 11,286-bp dna segment encompassing the entire 11,160-bp-long us region of the oncogenic avian herpesvirus ... | 1995 | 7831788 |
| a 14-kda immediate-early phosphoprotein is specifically expressed in cells infected with oncogenic marek's disease virus strains and their attenuated derivatives. | previously, we reported two cdnas derived from the marek's disease virus (mdv) long internal repeat region. a 14-kda polypeptide (p14) encoded by two small open reading frames (orfs) from at least two distinct cdnas is expressed in cells lytically infected with both oncogenic and attenuated mdv as well as in cells latently infected and transformed by mdv. in this study, we demonstrate that p14 is serotype 1 specific and highly phosphorylated. given the degree of phosphorylation and lack of homol ... | 1995 | 7831828 |
| expression of marek's disease virus (mdv) serotype 2 gene which has partial homology with mdv serotype 1 pp38 gene. | we constructed the recombinant baculovirus expressing the gene of non-pathogenic marek's disease virus (mdv) serotype 2 (mdv2) which encodes a polypeptide with partial homology to mdv serotype 1 (mdv1) pp38, an antigen associated with transformed cells. the recombinant mdv2 protein was detected as a band of 32 kda in immunoblot analysis with mdv2-infected chicken serum. mouse serum against insect spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with the recombinant baculovirus immunoprecipitated a 38 kda mo ... | 1995 | 7762295 |
| transactivation activity of meq, a marek's disease herpesvirus bzip protein persistently expressed in latently infected transformed t cells. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an avian herpesvirus that induces a variety of diseases, including t-cell lymphomas, in chickens. in latently infected, transformed lymphoid cells, very few viral transcripts or proteins are detected. we previously described a gene, meq (mdv ecoq), which is persistently expressed in mdv-transformed tumor samples and cell lines. meq codes for a 339-amino-acid protein with a basic-leucine zipper domain near its n terminus and a proline-rich domain near its c terminus ... | 1995 | 7769661 |
| bird viruses in multiple sclerosis: combination of viruses or marek's alone? | this is a short report confirming recent articles that birds are very likely involved as vectors of the exogenous causative agent of multiple sclerosis (ms). it also critically reviews the most recent article (macgregor, h. and latiwonk, q., neurol. res., 15 (1993) 391-394.) in which a high percentage of serums from ms patients reacted positively with marek's antigen and it was accidentally discovered that epstein-barr virus antibodies also cross-react positively with marek's antigen. this disco ... | 1995 | 7792060 |
| the transcripts from the sequences flanking the short component of marek's disease virus during latent infection form a unique family of 3'-coterminal rnas. | we have constructed a cdna library using poly(a)+ rna from the stably transformed marek's disease virus cell line mkt-1 and isolated cdnas specific to the short internal repeat region of the bamhi-a fragment of the viral genome. four distinct classes of cdna were identified through sequence analysis of the 5' and 3' termini of each clone isolated, and a representative of each class was chosen for complete sequencing. these cdnas were mapped on the basis of the genomic nucleotide sequence of this ... | 1995 | 7815512 |
| gene organization in herpesvirus of turkeys: identification of a novel open reading frame in the long unique region and a truncated homologue of pp38 in the internal repeat. | the dna sequence of a 4.792-kb fragment comprising 3.176 kb of the long unique region (ul) and 1.605 kb of the internal repeat (irl) flanking ul of herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) was determined. three potential open reading frames (orfs) and an origin of replication have been identified. orf 1, which maps entirely within ul, has the capacity to code for an 82k protein, 731 amino acids long, which has a counterpart in marek's disease virus (mdv) but not in other herpesviruses. orf 2 has the potenti ... | 1995 | 7871728 |
| endothelial mhc class ii antigen expression and endarteritis associated with marek's disease virus infection in chickens. | experimental marek's disease virus (mdv) infection in chickens was used to study the early pathogenesis of virus-induced atherosclerosis. previous investigations using this model have reported the occurrence of atherosclerotic lesions after approximately 7 months postinfection. in this study, a total of 75 susceptible cornell p-line chickens were inoculated intraperitoneally with the cu-2 strain of mdv at 3 days of age and subsequently perfused for histologic examination. at 2, 4, 8, 13, and 20 ... | 1995 | 7483215 |
| virus-neutralization domains on the oligomeric (230 kda) forms of antigen b of herpesvirus of turkeys and marek's disease virus differ in cross-serotypic activity. | herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) is frequently used to protect chickens against marek's disease (md). the hvt and mdv native antigen b complex shares common epitopes. to determine whether these oligomers present virus-neutralizing domains, monospecific antibodies to the hvt and mdv native 230 kda oligomers were produced. the monospecific antibody immunopurified from an anti-hvt avian serum neutralized the in vitro infectivity of the oncogenic isolate mdv-b and the vaccine strains cvi988, sb1 and hvt ... | 1995 | 7483903 |
| isolation and characterization of marek's disease virus (mdv) cdnas mapping to the bamhi-i2, bamhi-q2, and bamhi-l fragments of the mdv genome from lymphoblastoid cells transformed and persistently infected with mdv. | we have isolated and sequenced two cdnas of sizes 2674 and 677 bp from a cdna library derived from mkt-1, a lymphoblastoid cell line transformed and latently infected with marek's disease virus (mdv) using probes corresponding to the right-hand end of the bamhi-i2 fragment of the mdv genome. the larger cdna clone represents an abundant transcript, which extends from the right-hand end of bamhi-i2 to the adjacent bamhi-q2 and bamhi-l fragments of the mdv genome and contains the meq (mdv eco-q) op ... | 1995 | 7491783 |
| retention of oncogenicity by a marek's disease virus mutant lacking six unique short region genes. | we previously reported the construction of marek's disease virus (mdv) strains having mutations in various genes that map to the unique short (us) region of the viral genome (j.l. cantello, a.s. anderson, a. francesconi, and r.w. morgan, j. virol. 65:1584-1588, 1991; m.s. parcells, a.s. anderson, and r.w. morgan, virus genes 9:5-13, 1994; m.s. parcells, a.s. anderson, and r.w. morgan, j. virol. 68:8239-8253, 1994). these strains were constructed by using a high-passage-level serotype 1 mdv strai ... | 1995 | 7494301 |
| identification of human telomeric repeat motifs at the genome termini of human herpesvirus 7: structural analysis and heterogeneity. | human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) and hhv-7 are closely related t-lymphotropic betaherpesviruses which share a common genomic organization and are composed of a single unique component (u) that is bounded by direct repeats (drl and drr). in hhv-6, a sequences have been identified at each end of the dr motifs, resulting in the arrangement adrla-u-adrra. in order to determine whether determine whether hhv-7 contains similar a sequences, we have sequenced the drl-u and u-drr junctions of hhv-7 strain ji, ... | 1995 | 7494318 |
| changes in the nucleosomal structure of the marek's disease virus genome in lymphoblastoid cell line mdcc-msb1 induced by 5-azacytidine. | marek's disease virus (mdv) dna in latently infected lymphoblastoid cell lines is considerably methylated. treatment of the mdv-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines mdcc-msb1 (msb1) and mdcc-rp1 (rp1) with 5-azacytidine (5-azc) results in hypomethylation of mdv dna. an increase in mrna from certain portions of mdv dna, including the bamhi-h region, was observed in 5-azc-treated msb1 cells, but not in the agent-treated rp1 cells. after the treatment of cells with 5-azc, a site hypersensitive to dige ... | 1995 | 7538795 |
| common antigenic epitopes are present on heat-labile oligomers of mdv glycoprotein b and on hsv glycoprotein b. | the antigenic cross-reactivity between the marek's disease virus glycoprotein b (mdv gb) and glycoprotein b (gb) of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (hsv1 and hsv2) was analysed by the immunoblotting method. we studied cell lysates in both denatured and in undenatured form (i.e., unheated) and reacted them with convalescent sera from chickens infected with the rbib mdv strain and with human anti-hsv1 gb. both sera detected the heat-labile mdv gb and the hsv gb oligomers. in addition, monospecif ... | 1995 | 7540344 |
| marek's disease and new approaches to its control. | marek's disease (md) is a lymphoproliferative disorder induced by a herpesvirus. several factors, including those virus-encoded and host-dependent, affect the course of the disease. existing vaccination program is based on the use of attenuated strains of md virus (mdv) serotype 1 and on strains of non-oncogenic serotype 2 (mdv2) and serotype 3 (herpesvirus of turkey-hvt) viruses. failures resulting in disease progress have been reported and indicate need for production of new, more effective va ... | 1995 | 7572471 |
| influence of the alv6 recombinant avian leukosis virus transgene on production traits and infection with avian tumor viruses in chickens. | the biological costs of the alv6 recombinant transgene that in chickens induces dominant resistance to the subgroup a avian leukosis virus (alv), in terms of effects on production traits, were studied. four generations of white leghorn chickens of line tr, segregating for alv6 but free of endogenous viral genes, as well as two generations of crosses between tr and ottawa line wg (wgtr) were tested under a specific-pathogen-free environment. in the birds studied, the transgene appeared unchanged ... | 1995 | 7603962 |
| sequence characteristics of a gene in infectious laryngotracheitis virus homologous to glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus. | an infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv, gallid herpesvirus 1) gene homologous to glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus (hsv) was identified and characterized by its nucleotide and derived amino acid sequence. the iltv gd gene is located in the unique short region (u(s)) and contains an open reading frame capable of specifying a polypeptide of 380 amino acids, including n- and c- terminal hydrophobic domains consistent with signal and anchor regions respectively, and no potential sites for ... | 1995 | 7612933 |
| herpesvirus of turkey recombinant viruses expressing infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) vp2 immunogen induce protection against an ibdv virulent challenge in chickens. | two recombinant herpesviruses of turkey (hvt) expressing the vp2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv or gumboro disease virus) have been constructed: vhvt001 and vhvt002. the vp2 open reading frame was inserted at the locus of the small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase gene (hsv-1 ul40 homolog) without any exogenous promoter in vhvt001 and at the locus of gl gene (hsv-1 us7 homolog) under the control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter in vhvt002. the isolation ... | 1995 | 7645252 |
| identification and characterization of a marek's disease virus gene encoding dna polymerase. | dna sequence analysis revealed a gene encoding the marek's disease virus (mdv) dna polymerase (pol) within the bamhi-e fragment of the long unique region of the virus genome. identification is based on an extensive amino acid homology between the mdv open reading frame and the dna pol (ul30) of the herpes simplex virus. we describe here a 3540-base-pair fragment of the mdv dna encoding 1180 amino acids with a m(r) of 133,920 daltons as the viral dna pol gene, with the analysis of transcription a ... | 1995 | 7653104 |
| characteristics of cvi988/rispens and r2/23, two prototype vaccine strains of serotype 1 marek's disease virus. | studies were focused on two attenuated serotype 1 marek's disease (md) vaccine viruses, cvi988/rispens (passage 42) and r2/23 (passage 105). both serotype 1 vaccine viruses provided much higher levels of protection than the prototype md vaccine, turkey herpesvirus (hvt); the best protection was generally provided by cvi988/rispens when compared with other vaccines. the efficacy of neither serotype 1 vaccine was improved by mixture with viruses of other serotypes (synergism). no differences betwe ... | 1995 | 7677647 |
| identification and characterization of a cdna clone derived from the marek's disease tumour cell line rpl1 encoding a homologue of alpha-transinducing factor (vp16) of hsv-1. | we have identified and sequenced a 2.3 kb cdna clone rpl(n.s) 6 derived from the marek's disease virus (mdv)-transformed cell line rpl1, which contained open reading frames (orfs) homologous to ul49 (vp22) and ul48 (vp16) of herpes simplex virus. northern blot hybridization identified a 2.5 kb transcript corresponding to this cdna clone in the total rna from msb1 lymphoblastoid cells, but not in rna from the original rpl1 cells, most probably due to the very low level of its transcription. in vi ... | 1995 | 7710361 |
| expression of the endogenous marek's disease virus icp4 homolog (mdv icp4) gene is enhanced in latently infected cells by transient transfection with the recombinant mdv icp4 gene. | the icp4 homolog of marek's disease virus (mdv icp4) is a possible candidate for the transactivator of the early genes. we transfected mdcc-msb-1 (msb-1) tumor cells with plasmid including a coding region of mdv icp4 using cationic liposome. as carriers for intranuclear transport, high mobility group -1 and -2 proteins were bound to the plasmid dna before forming liposomes. we detected transcripts from the plasmid 2 hr after transfection by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain rea ... | 1995 | 8901028 |
| effect of serotype 2 and 3 marek's disease vaccines on the development of avian leukosis virus-induced pre-neoplastic bursal follicles. | the effect of serotype 2 and 3 marek's disease virus (mdv) vaccines on the development of pre-neoplastic bursal lesions induced by two strains of subgroup a avian leukosis virus (alv) was studied. chickens of line 15i5 x 7(1) susceptible to alv-induced lymphoma were inoculated at hatch with rous-associated virus-1 (rav-1) or strain rpl-40 of subgroup a alv. all chickens, except for negative controls, were also inoculated at hatch with strain 301b/1 of serotype 2 mdv or strain fc126 of turkey her ... | 1995 | 8719208 |
| isolation of serotype 1 marek's disease viruses from vaccinated australian flocks. | field samples were received for marek's disease virus (mdv) isolation from clinically affected flocks from several regions of eastern australia. lymphocytes were fractionated in ficoll-paque and passaged once or twice in chicken embryo kidney cultures. serotype-specific virus was detected in infected cultures by indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies. serotype 1 mdv was isolated from 10 flocks. in samples from 5 of these flocks, serotype 2 and 3 vaccine viruses were isolated from ... | 1995 | 8545959 |
| molecular evolution of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv; gallid herpesvirus 1): an ancient example of the alphaherpesviridae? | an analysis of two essential genes of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv), glycoprotein d (gd) and the immediate early gene, herpes simplex virus homologue icp27, was performed with the equivalent gene homologues from several alphaherpesviruses. amino acid (aa) sequence analysis revealed that these iltv genes shared limited homology to other alphaherpesvirus equivalents and were distinct from the two other avian herpesviruses, marek's disease virus (mdv) and herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt). s ... | 1995 | 8545960 |
| use of recombinant pp38 antigen of marek's disease virus to identify serotype 1-specific antibodies in chicken sera by western blotting. | a fowlpox recombinant expressing the pp38 antigen of marek's disease virus has been constructed. production of pp38 in chick embryo fibroblasts (cef) infected at a m.o.i. of 1 pfu/cell occurred over a period of 5 days and reached a peak at 72 h after infection. the pp38 antigen could be released from infected cells by freezing and thawing. western blot analysis showed that denatured pp38 antigen reacted with antisera from chickens inoculated with serotype 1 mdv but failed to react with antisera ... | 1994 | 7714041 |
| differential diagnosis of infectious laryngotracheitis from other avian respiratory diseases by a simplified pcr procedure. | a simple polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based procedure was developed for the detection of avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) in chicken trachea, chorio-allantoic membrane (cam), infected hepatoma cells and infectious cell culture supernatant. samples were prepared by dilution in distilled water. after boiling and low speed centrifugation, samples were used for pcr analysis with two primers without special labeling. the pcr analysis for ilt virus could be completed in less than 8 h ... | 1994 | 7714054 |
| syngeneic lysis of reticuloendotheliosis virus-transformed cell lines transfected with marek's disease virus genes by virus-specific cytotoxic t cells. | cell-mediated immune responses against marek's disease virus (mdv) antigens were examined using reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev)-transformed cell lines of two haplotypes (b19b19 and b13b13). these cell lines were stably transfected with cloned fragments of mdv dna resulting in the expression of the mdv-specific phosphoprotein pp38. effector cells were obtained from p2a (b19b19) and s13 (b13b13) chickens at 7 days post inoculation with rev, oncogenic or attenuated serotype 1 mdv (jm-16/o and jm- ... | 1994 | 7725630 |
| measurement of antibody titer to fowl pox virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the usefulness of the measurement of antibody titer to fowl pox virus (fpv) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was evaluated in spf chickens with or without inoculation with fpv. the optimum concentration of purified antigen was 10 micrograms/ml of protein. the absorbance at 492 nm was less than 0.10 in the chickens negative to fpv from 1 to 63 days old. by contrast, a higher titer was detected in spf chickens with various fpvs inoculated into the wing web than in non-inoculated chicke ... | 1994 | 7696418 |
| cytogenetic studies of cell lines derived from marek's disease virus-induced local lesions. | cytogenetic analysis of cell lines derived from marek's disease virus (mdv) induced local lesions was performed to detect the presence of a chromosomal alteration found previously in cell lines derived from mdv-induced visceral tumors. this chromosomal alteration involves an amplified region on the short arm of chromosome 1. trypsin g-binding was performed on 12 local-lesion cell lines having various t-cell receptor phenotypes. eight of 12 cell lines had a diploid female karyotype, and four line ... | 1994 | 7702513 |
| partial inhibition by turkey herpesvirus of serotype 2 marek's disease virus plaque formation and in vivo infectivity. | the increased use of serotype 2 marek's disease virus (mdv) and serotype 3 turkey herpesvirus (hvt) as components of effective bivalent vaccines against marek's disease (md) prompted studies on the possible interactions of these two viruses in vitro and in vivo. the replication of the sb-1 strain of mdv was compared with replication of the fc126/2 strain of hvt in chickens and cell cultures infected with one or both viruses. replication of mdv was reduced in the presence of hvt in both in vitro ... | 1994 | 7702514 |
| a study on the function of the glycine residue in the ygdd motif of the rna-dependent rna polymerase beta-subunit from rna coliphage q beta 1. | q beta replicases in which the gly residue of the beta-subunit in the motif sequence, ygdd, was replaced with ala, ser, pro, met, or val lost their replicase activity in vivo. in an in vitro mg(2+)-dependent rna-synthesizing system using poly(rc) or mdv-poly(+) rna (a derivative of the naturally occurring small rna that accumulates in the cells during q beta phage infection) as templates, the lysates from the cells expressing such defective replicases exhibited only 2-6% of the enzyme activity o ... | 1994 | 7706217 |
| culture characterization and viral infection of aortic smooth muscle cells from japanese quail susceptible to atherosclerosis. | proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells (smcs), an important feature of atherosclerosis, occurs in the early stage of the disease in japanese quail when fed an atherogenic diet. quail aortic smcs were isolated from a total of 32 quail and cultured in eagle's minimum essential medium supplemented with 10% bovine fetal serum. studies were carried out to characterize the cells in vitro. they grew actively in the early passages, but began to develop cytopathic changes after 3-4 passages and even ... | 1994 | 7601271 |
| enhancement of mrna synthesis from marek's disease virus genome in the lymphoblastoid cell line, mdcc-msb1, by 5-azacytidine. | marek's disease virus (mdv) dna in latently infected lymphoblastoid cell lines is considerably methylated. a treatment of the mdv-derived lymphoblastoid cell line, mdcc-msb1 (msb1), with 5-azacytidine (5-azc) resulted in a hypomethylation of mdv dna and an increase in mrna from certain portions of the mdv dna. these results suggest methylation of mdv dna as being one of the factors associated with a repression of transcription of mdv dna in the lymphoblastoid cell line, msb1. | 1994 | 7521217 |
| characterization of a marek's disease virus mutant containing a lacz insertion in the us6 (gd) homologue gene. | we report the construction of a marek's disease virus (mdv) mutant containing the lacz gene of escherichia coli inserted into a homologue of the us6 (glycoprotein d, gd) gene of herpes simplex virus. the mutant was constructed using the high-passage gaatt85 mdv strain as the parent virus, since that strain grows readily in chicken embryo fibroblasts using culture conditions conducive to mutant virus construction. the lacz insertion site was positioned one third of the way into the us6 (gd) open ... | 1994 | 7871761 |
| [immunological cross-reaction of serotype i marek's disease virus 38kd phosphorylated protein with serotype ii and iii viruses]. | marek's disease virus (mdv) 38kd phosphorylated protein (pp38), which was identified by monoclonal antibody (mab) h19 specific to pathogenic serotype i of mdv, has been recognized as a transformation-associated antigen specific to serotype i of mdv. the recombinant pp38 was prepared and purified from pp38-expressing recombinant baculovirus infected sf9 cell lysates through a mab h19-affinity column. in indirect fluorescence antibody test, the mouse sera against the purified recombinant pp38 not ... | 1994 | 7871782 |
| purification of recombinant 38-kda phosphorylated protein of marek's disease virus from insect cells through an affinity column. | the 38-kda phosphorylated protein (pp38) of marek's disease virus (mdv) expressed in insect cell line sf9 cells infected with recombinant baculovirus bp38ii was purified through an affinity column made of cnbr-sepharose 4b linked with monoclonal antibody (mab) h19 specific to serotype i mdv. the result of sds-page showed a main band of 38 kda in the lane loaded with the purified pp38, and this band was specifically recognized by mab h19 in western blot. the serum from mice immunized with the pur ... | 1994 | 7893940 |
| molecular analysis of the glycoprotein c-negative phenotype of attenuated marek's disease virus. | serial passage of oncogenic serotype 1 marek's disease virus (mdv) in cultured avian cells results in attenuation of viral oncogenicity and pathogenicity. coincident with attenuation, expression of mdv glycoprotein c (gc) is significantly reduced. regulation of mdv gc may have important implications for virus-host interactions and have important consequences in the process of viral attenuation. to investigate the mechanism by which mdv gc expression is reduced during attenuation of the very viru ... | 1994 | 7907196 |
| mutational analysis of the proteolytic cleavage site of glycoprotein b (gb) of marek's disease virus. | the marek's disease virus (mdv) glycoprotein b (gb) precursor, gp100, is proteolytically cleaved into two disulfide-linked subunits, gp60 and gp49. in the gb homologs of most other herpesviruses, a tetrapeptide, arg-xaa-arg-arg, is immediately upstream from the predicted cleavage site. we have investigated the specificity of the proteolytic cleavage in gp100 by introducing mutations within its predicted cleavage site (arg-leu-arg-arg) and expressed these mutants in recombinant fowlpox virus (fpv ... | 1994 | 7821796 |
| characterization of proteins encoded by the short unique region of herpesvirus of turkeys by in vitro expression. | nine open reading frames mapping in the short unique (us) region of the genome of herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) were expressed by in vitro transcription and translation. the observed m(r)s of us10, sorf3 and us2 were as predicted from the sequence but there were discrepancies between the observed and predicted m(r)s of us1, protein kinase, gi, gd and ge. these could be accounted for in most cases by post-translational and co-translational processing. analysis of the synthesized products at differ ... | 1994 | 7931161 |
| characterization of marek's disease virus insertion and deletion mutants that lack us1 (icp22 homolog), us10, and/or us2 and neighboring short-component open reading frames. | we report the characterization of marek's disease virus (mdv) strains having mutations in various genes that map to the unique short (us) region of the viral genome. a deletion mutant (ga delta 4.8lac) lacks 4.8 kbp of us region dna, the deleted segment having been replaced by the lacz gene of escherichia coli. this deletion results in the loss of the mdv-encoded us1, us10, and us2 homologs of herpes simplex virus type 1, as well as three putative mdv-specific genes, sorf1, sorf2, and sorf3. two ... | 1994 | 7966617 |
| construction of recombinant marek's disease virus type 1 (mdv1) expressing the escherichia coli lacz gene as a possible live vaccine vector: the us10 gene of mdv1 as a stable insertion site. | this paper describes the construction of a recombinant marek's disease virus serotype 1 (mdv1) in which the escherichia coli lacz gene was inserted into the open reading frame homologous to the us10 gene of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv1). the recombinant virus replicated as well in cell culture as the parental mdv1 k-554 strain. chickens immunized with the virus were protected against challenge with virulent mdv1, and produced a high level of antibodies against beta-galactosidase as well as again ... | 1994 | 7975837 |
| expression of a novel marek's disease virus type 1 (mdv1)-specific protein p40 in insect cells by a baculovirus vector and in chick embryo fibroblasts infected with mdv1. | we found that the open reading frame of 1053 nucleotides within the short unique sequence of marek's disease virus (mdv) type 1 (mdv1) expresses a 40 kda protein, using a baculovirus vector in insect cells. mouse antisera against the 40 kda protein reacted with a 40 kda protein in mdv1-infected cells. a cross-reactive polypeptide of 37 kda was also detected in cells infected with herpesvirus of turkey. | 1994 | 7979993 |
| serotype specificity of b-haplotype influence on the relative efficacy of marek's disease vaccines. | b-haplotype genes in the chicken were previously shown to differentially influence vaccine efficacy against challenge with very virulent marek's disease virus according to the type of marek's disease (md) vaccine used. to determine whether md vaccines of the same serotype gave comparable levels of protection against md in chickens of the same haplotype challenged with md virus strain md5, two serotype 1 and two serotype 2 vaccines were compared with one serotype 3 vaccine using chickens of 15-b- ... | 1994 | 8002902 |
| identification of novel transcripts complementary to the marek's disease virus homologue of the icp4 gene of herpes simplex virus. | libraries of cdna were generated from polyadenylated rnas derived from marek's disease virus (mdv)-transformed cell lines by directional cloning of oligo-(dt)-primed cdnas in lambda gt22a. analysis of the libraries for viral sequences showed that a number of cdna clones originated from transcripts mapping in the bamhi a region of the mdv genome. sequencing and fine mapping of these cdnas suggested that the rna transcripts expressed from this region were either in the sense or antisense direction ... | 1994 | 8021600 |
| integration of multiple chicken retroviruses into multiple chicken herpesviruses: herpesviral gd as a common target of integration. | integration of two different avian retroviruses, reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) and avian leukosis virus (alv), into the genome of two different avian herpesviruses, the herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) and marek's disease virus (mdv), was investigated. integration events occurred by the fourth and sixth in vitro passage of cells coinfected with rev/hvt and alv/mdv, respectively. in order to further characterize the integration events, integrated proviruses and surrounding herpesviral genetic mat ... | 1994 | 8030268 |
| anti-idiotype antibodies to marek's disease-associated tumour surface antigen in protection against marek's disease. | marek's disease-associated tumour surface antigen (matsa) removed by enzymatic (papain) digestion of marek's disease tumour cells was fractionated by gel filtration chromatography. the first peak (f1) was used to raise antibody in rabbits. monoclonal antibody (rph-6) directed against matsa and the anti-f1 igg were used as idiotypic antibodies to raise polyclonal anti-idiotype serum in heterologous hosts; rabbit and goat, respectively. the anti-idiotypes (anti-id) were purified by affinity chroma ... | 1994 | 8042285 |
| molecular characterization of hawaii virus and other norwalk-like viruses: evidence for genetic polymorphism among human caliciviruses. | hawaii virus (hv), from a 1971 family outbreak of gastroenteritis, is serotypically distinct from norwalk virus (nv), recently identified as a human calicivirus by molecular analysis. about 2600 consecutive nucleotides of the hv genome (including those encoding the viral capsid protein) and part of the polymerase region of three other viruses (mdv1, mdv6 and sv7) were sequenced. comparison of the amino acid sequence of the capsid protein of hv with nv and other human caliciviruses (toronto virus ... | 1994 | 8077710 |
| identification of latency-associated transcripts that map antisense to the icp4 homolog gene of marek's disease virus. | two small rnas (0.9 and 0.75 kb), named marek's disease virus (mdv) small rnas (msrs) and a 10-kb rna, all of which map antisense to the mdv icp4 homolog gene, have been readily detected in mdcc-msb1 mdv-transformed t-lymphoblastoid cells. these rnas were not detectable in reticuloendotheliosis virus-transformed t cells. when mdv was reactivated by treatment of lymphoblastoid cells with 25 micrograms of iododeoxyuridine per ml, the relative levels of the transcripts decreased. these rnas were no ... | 1994 | 8083968 |
| identification and characterization of marek's disease virus genes homologous to icp27 and glycoprotein k of herpes simplex virus-1. | we have identified two marek's disease virus (mdv) genes within the ecori-b fragment of mdv-ga genomic dna. ecori-b is 11.3-kb long and maps within the long unique region of mdv genomes. a 3.2-kb fragment of ecori-b has been sequenced and contains two open reading frames, orf53 and orf54. orf53 (mdv gk), a homolog to hsv-1 glycoprotein k (gk), is 1062 nucleotides long and encodes 354 amino acids (39.5 kda). orf54, designated mdv icp27, based on significant similarity to hsv-1 icp27, is 1419 nucl ... | 1994 | 8091655 |
| identification and characterization of a marek's disease virus gene homologous to glycoprotein l of herpes simplex virus. | we have identified three marek's disease virus (mdv) open reading frames (orfs) within the bamhi d fragment of mdv genome. the predicted polypeptides are homologous to ul1 (glycoprotein l, gl), ul2 (uracil-dna glycosylase), and ul3 (nuclear localizing phosphoprotein) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of these three orfs with hsv-1 counterparts revealed overall identities of 18, 43, and 49%, respectively. in spite of the low overall amino acid ... | 1994 | 8091671 |
| molecular evolution of herpesviruses: genomic and protein sequence comparisons. | phylogenetic reconstruction of herpesvirus evolution is generally founded on amino acid sequence comparisons of specific proteins. these are relevant to the evolution of the specific gene (or set of genes), but the resulting phylogeny may vary depending on the particular sequence chosen for analysis (or comparison). in the first part of this report, we compare 13 herpesvirus genomes by using a new multidimensional methodology based on distance measures and partial orderings of dinucleotide relat ... | 1994 | 8107249 |
| interactions between marek's disease virus encoded or induced factors and the rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat promoter. | marek's disease virus transactivates promoters of avian leukemia and sarcoma viruses. in this study, a series of rsv-ltr promoter deletion mutants were used to map sites within the ltr important for mdv-mediated transactivation. mdv-responsive elements within rsv-ltr promoters were localized to a 28-bp segment (nucleotides -109 to -137) which contains a ggtgg pentanucleotide repeat element (pre). nuclear extract proteins from uninfected cells bound to the rsv pre in a sequence-specific manner. e ... | 1994 | 8116231 |
| distribution of ia antigen positive cells in chicken embryos infected with oncogenic marek's disease virus (mdv) and md vaccine viruses of serotypes 1, 2 and 3. | chick embryos infected at day 13 of embryonic development (ed) with the oncogenic serotype 1 marek's disease virus, isolate b (mdv-b) and three mdv vaccines (cvi988, sb1 and hvt, serotypes 1, 2 and 3, respectively) and uninfected chick embryos were studied for the distribution of ia antigen positive dendritic cells (dc), b cells and mdv antigen positive (ag+) cells in the lymphoid organs and chorioallantoic membrane (cam). the immunofluorescence study was conducted on acetone-fixed organ touch i ... | 1994 | 8160354 |
| some characteristics of a recent virulent isolate of marek's disease virus. | 1994 | 8172548 | |
| the glycoprotein b genes of marek's disease virus serotypes 2 and 3: identification and expression by recombinant fowlpox viruses. | the nucleotide sequences of the glycoprotein b (gb) genes of marek's disease virus (mdv) serotypes 2 and 3 were determined (gb-2 and gb-3, respectively). the genomic locations of these genes coincide with that of the gb gene of serotype 1 mdv (gb-1). alignment with gb-1 (ross et al., 1989, j. gen. virol. 70, 1789-1804) revealed predicted amino acid identities of 83 and 82% for gb-2 and gb-3, respectively. excluding the predicted n-terminal signal sequences, 8 of 9 potential n-linked glycosylatio ... | 1994 | 8178437 |
| marek's disease virus type 1-specific phosphorylated proteins pp38 and pp24 with common amino acid termini are encoded from the opposite junction regions between the long unique and inverted repeat sequences of viral genome. | the nucleotide sequence of the junction region between the long unique (ul) and terminal inverted repeat (trl) sequences of marek's disease (md) virus type 1 (mdv1) dna revealed the presence of a rightward open reading frame of 155 amino acids. the orf inserted into an eukaryotic expression vector transiently expressed an antigen in the cytoplasm of cos7 cells which reacted with the monoclonal antibody m21 against an mdv1-specific phosphorylated protein complex consisting of at least the protein ... | 1994 | 8178465 |
| enhanced expression of the marek's disease virus-specific phosphoproteins after stable transfection of msb-1 cells with the marek's disease virus homologue of icp4. | phosphoprotein pp38, coded for by the bamhi-h fragment of the marek's disease herpesvirus (mdv) genome is expressed in tumor cells and tumor cell lines. pp38 is associated with two other phosphoproteins, pp41 and pp24, and can be detected in a small percentage of tumor cells by indirect immunofluorescence assays (iifa). the importance of mdv icp4 for the regulation of pp38 expression was examined in the following msb-1-derived cell lines stably transfected with the selection plasmid pnl1 [mdcc-c ... | 1994 | 8178477 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of marek's disease virus (mdv) serotype 2 homolog of mdv serotype 1 pp38, an antigen associated with transformed cells. | marek's disease (md) virus (mdv) serotype 1 (mdv1) pp38, an antigen associated with md-transformed cells, has been identified as an mdv1 serotype-specific antigen by analyses using specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs). in the present study, we determined the region in the mdv serotype 2 (mdv2) genome that has homology with the mdv1 pp38 gene. as a result of sequence analysis, it was determined that an open reading frame (orf) existed in this region. furthermore, northern blot analysis and rever ... | 1994 | 8178479 |
| identification of an immediate-early gene in the marek's disease virus long internal repeat region which encodes a unique 14-kilodalton polypeptide. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an oncogenic avian herpesvirus whose genomic structure is similar to those of herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus. repeat regions of the mdv genome have been intensively investigated because of a potential relationship to mdv oncogenicity and abundant expression of immediate-early transcripts. in this study, a 1.6-kb immediate-early transcript was localized to the bamhi-i2 region by northern (rna) hybridization analysis. with cdna cloning and sequencing ... | 1994 | 8189498 |
| mapping of marek's disease virus genome: identification of junction sequences between unique and inverted repeat regions. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to amplify mdv dna and subsequent sequencing identified the junction of trl/ul, ul/irl, irs/us, and us/trs. the trl/ul junction is located 192 bp downstream of the last ecori site in the trl region, while the ul/irl junction is located 192 bp upstream of the first ecori restriction enzyme site in the irl region. the irs/us junction is located 950 bp downstream of the second ecori site in the irs region, while the us/trs junction is located 950 bp upstream of the f ... | 1994 | 8209419 |
| open reading frames in a 4556 nucleotide sequence within mdv-1 bamhi-d dna fragment: evidence for splicing of mrna from a new viral glycoprotein gene. | a dna segment of the mdv-1 bamhi-d fragment was sequenced, and the open reading frames (orfs) present in the 4556 nucleotide fragment were analyzed by computer programs. computer analysis identified 19 putative orfs in the sequence ranging from a coding capacity of 37 amino acids (aa) (orf-1a) to 684aa (orf-1). the special properties of four orfs (1a, 1, 2, and 3) were investigated. two adjacent orfs, orf-1a and orf-1, were found by computer analysis to have the properties of two introns encodin ... | 1994 | 8209423 |
| expression and purification of recombinant marek's disease virus serotype 1 specific phosphorylated protein pp38 in e. coli. | phosphorylated protein pp38 is the only protein that is detected in the marek's disease (md) lymphoma caused by md virus serotype 1 (mdv-1) and lymphoblastoid cell lines. in this study, a recombinant protein coded for by the almost entire open reading frame of the mdv-1 pp38 cdna was produced in e. coli and purified by affinity chromatography. prior to the expression and purification of the protein, cdna containing the entire coding region for pp38 was cloned and its nucleotide sequence was dete ... | 1994 | 7865579 |
| characterization of marek's disease virus bamhi-a-specific cdna clones obtained from a marek's disease lymphoblastoid cell line. | a cdna library was constructed from poly(a)+ rna fractions obtained from a marek's disease (md) lymphoblastoid cell line, mdcc-cu41, in which viral gene expression is very limited. three independent groups (1, 2, and 3) of md virus (mdv)-specific clones were obtained, which were mapped in the inverted repeat region of the bamhi-a fragment of the mdv genome. northern blot analysis showed that probes prepared from these cdna clones hybridized with several transcripts of different sizes in poly(a)+ ... | 1994 | 8122361 |
| characterization of a marek's disease virus bamhi-l-specific cdna clone obtained from a marek's disease lymphoblastoid cell line. | two marek's disease (md) virus bamhi-l-specific cdna clones were isolated from a cdna library constructed from poly(a)+ rna fractions of an md lymphoblastoid cell line, mdcc-cu41 (cu41). these clones were mapped to the region corresponding to the bamhi-q2 and l-regions. these clones hybridized with 2.5-, 0.8-, and 0.6-kb transcripts prepared from cu41. the transcriptional unit of the 0.6-kb transcript was determined by rnase protection assays. an open reading frame encoding a 107-amino-acid poly ... | 1994 | 8289349 |
| interaction between chicken anaemia virus and live newcastle disease vaccine. | three groups of 150 spf chickens were spray-vaccinated with live newcastle disease la sota-type vaccine (clone 30) at one day of age, and another three groups were ndv spray-vaccinated at 10 days of age. in each of the two series of ndv-vaccinated groups, one group also received at day-old 10(5) tcid50 of chicken anaemia virus (cav) also and another group 10(5) tcid50 of cav plus a low dose of virulent marek's disease virus (mdv). after one week, chickens of the groups which had been ndv-vaccina ... | 1994 | 18671091 |
| avian encephalomyelitis following oral vaccination. | outbreaks of clinical avian encephalomyelitis (ae) which developed after vaccination of 14-week-old birds by the oral route are reported. mortality during weeks 2 to 5 following vaccination reached 2%. experimental studies showed that, in contrast to popular opinion, ae vaccine virus given orally can spread to the central nervous system and produce encephalomyelitis (mild). the severity of the vaccine induced lesions was not affected by chicken anaemia virus (cav) infection 2 weeks before ae vac ... | 1994 | 18671111 |
| a 7-kda protein encoded by the bamhi-h gene family of mareks-disease virus is produced in lytically and latently infected-cells. | marek's disease virus (mdv) bamhi-h gene family was transcribed specifically in cells infected with oncogenic mdv, and the transcripts were prematurely terminated in cells infected with non-oncogenic attenuated strains of mdv due to the amplification of a 132 bp repeat located downstream of their promoter. there are six small open reading frames in the two differently spliced and two unspliced transcripts. this report describes expression of bha gene open reading frame a, present in 1.7 kb unspl ... | 1994 | 21566984 |
| prolonged proliferation of primary chicken-embryo fibroblasts transfected with cdnas from the bamhi-h gene family of mareks-disease virus. | oncogenic virus-specific 1.69 kb and 1.5 kb cdnas, derived from the tumorigenicity-associated bamhi-h gene family of marek's disease virus (mdv), were cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector (prc/cmv) and designated as prc/cmv-1.69 and prc/cmv-1.5, respectively. chicken embryo fibroblasts (cefs) transfected with prc/cmv-1.69 or prc/cmv-1.5 plasmid dna showed reduced serum-dependence for growth compared with prc/cmv vector-transfected cefs. also, prc/cmv-1.69 or prc/cmv-1.5 dna transfected c ... | 1993 | 21573403 |
| cytopathology caused by the ac-1 isolate of marek's disease virus in the feather follicle epidermis. | the ac-1 strain of marek's disease herpesvirus (mdv), recently isolated from an outbreak of marek's disease in vaccinated chickens, was used for intraperitoneal inoculation of one-day-old single comb white leghorns. chicks were necropsied 12 to 32 days post inoculation and skin was collected for electron microscopic studies. this paper focuses on early stages of mdhv development in feather follicle epithelial cells and on cytoplasmic changes that occur in formation and release of virus particles ... | 1993 | 18671018 |
| detection of reticuloendotheliosis virus infection using the polymerase chain reaction. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was shown to be a sensitive and useful method for detection of infection by members of the group of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). genomic dna extracted from chick embryo fibroblasts (cefs), blood and tumours of chickens experimentally infected with the spleen necrosis virus (snv) strain of rev was used as the target for chain elongation. deoxyoligonucleotide primers that encompass a portion of the unique 3', repeat and unique 5' region of the long t ... | 1993 | 18671039 |
| effects of age at infection with serotype 2 marek's disease virus on enhancement of avian leukosis virus-induced lymphomas. | inoculation of susceptible, 15i5 x 7i chickens with serotype 2 marek's disease virus (mdv) at various ages had no influence on the development of avian leukosis virus (alv)-induced viraemia or antibody in chickens infected with alv and turkey herpesvirus (hvt) at hatch. however, the incidence of alv-induced lymphoma (ll) was significantly higher in chickens infected with alv and hvt at hatch and inoculated with serotype 2 mdv up to 6 weeks of age than in chickens receiving serotype 2 mdv at 8 to ... | 1993 | 18671041 |
| c-fos proto-oncogene transient transcription is negatively affected in the ela4-2 transformed rat cell line. | to study the effects of the regulatory phosphoprotein icp4 of the herpes simplex virus, (hsv), a dna tumor virus, on the induction of gene expression by the epidermal growth factor (egf), we have constructed a cell line, ela4-2, which constitutively expresses the a-4 gene product. the ela4-2 cells are derived from the rat fibroblast el2, in which egf induces a marked c-fos and c-myc proto-oncogene transcription. here we report that in ela4-2 cells, the gene expression induced by egf was negative ... | 1993 | 8297495 |
| status of marek's disease virus in established lymphoma cell lines: herpesvirus integration is common. | six cell lines derived from marek's disease lymphomas of chickens and turkeys were investigated for the status of marek's disease virus (mdv) dna. in the transformed t- and b-cell lines, viral dna could be detected by conventional southern blot hybridization, by gardella gel electrophoresis, and by in situ hybridization of metaphase and interphase chromosomes. integration of viral dna into the host cell chromosome was observed in all cell lines. two to 12 integration sites of viral dna could be ... | 1993 | 8380099 |
| the number of copies of an a-like region in the serotype-3 marek's disease virus dna genome is variable. | a 1.2-kilobase-pair dna region (a-like) in the serotype-3 marek's disease virus was directly repeated at the ends of the long (l) and short (s) components of the genome and repeated in the opposite orientation at the junction between the l and s components. four variants from plaque-purified virus that varied in the number of copies of the a-like region were identified. the predominant variant contained one copy at both ends of the genome and at the l-s junction. two other variants contained eit ... | 1993 | 8382396 |
| a double-cos-site vector containing a multiple cloning site flanked by t7 and t3 rna polymerase promoters. | a double-cos-site cosmid vector, c2xmcs, contains a multiple cloning site (mcs) with fifteen restriction sites flanked by phage t7 and t3 rna polymerase promoters. the two cos sites in the cosmid vector enable the construction of cosmid libraries from unfractionated partial digests of genomic dna. this simple construct combines the efficiency of a double-cos-site cosmid with the versatility provided by the mcs from pbluescript. | 1993 | 8382653 |
| construction and properties of a turkey herpesvirus recombinant expressing the marek's disease virus homologue of glycoprotein b of herpes simplex virus. | a herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) recombinant containing a 3.9 kbp fragment of marek's disease virus (mdv) dna encoding mdv glycoprotein b (gb), stably integrated into the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of hvt, has been constructed. the replication of the recombinant in chick embryo fibroblasts (cef) was comparable to that of wild-type hvt. the recombinant expressed authentic mdv gb and its processed forms (110k, 65k and 48k) in cef as shown by immunoblotting using an mdv-specific anti-peptide serum. n ... | 1993 | 8383172 |
| avian herpesvirus as a live viral vector for the expression of heterologous antigens. | control of marek's disease in the poultry industry has been successfully achieved for several decades by large-scale vaccination of day-old chickens with live herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) strains. several features of this virus including lack of pathogenicity and long-term immune protection due to a persistent viraemic infection made us decide to use hvt as a live viral vector for the expression of foreign antigens. potential sites for the integration of foreign dna in the unique short region of ... | 1993 | 8383385 |
| influence of b-haplotype on the relative efficacy of marek's disease vaccines of different serotypes. | to determine if b-haplotype differentially influences vaccinal immunity to very virulent marek's disease (md) virus challenge, chickens of five 15.b-congenic lines were vaccinated with vaccines representing serotypes 1, 2, and 3. b-haplotype differentially influenced vaccinal immunity to very virulent md virus challenge using vaccines of all three serotypes, and different md vaccines were optimal for some b-haplotypes. regarding specific haplotypes, the 15.b-congenic chickens with b2 and b13 dev ... | 1993 | 8383961 |
| alterations in dna sequence and rna transcription of the bam hi-h fragment accompany attenuation of oncogenic marek's disease herpesvirus. | the nucleotide sequences of the bamhi-h fragment of the hprs16 strain of marek's disease virus (mdv) and of its attenuated derivative hprs16/att have been determined. the results show that in addition to the tandem expansion of a 132 bp sequence from two copies in hprs16 virus to eight copies in hprs16/att, nucleotide substitutions, deletions, and insertions were also noted. several potential open reading frames (orfs) were identified. one of these (orf 13) encoded a deduced protein, mol wt 32 k ... | 1993 | 8385839 |
| retroviral insertions into a herpesvirus are clustered at the junctions of the short repeat and short unique sequences. | we previously described the integration of a nonacute retrovirus, reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), into the genome of a herpesvirus, marek disease virus (mdv), following both long-term and short-term coinfection in cultured fibroblasts. the long-term coinfection occurred in the course of attenuating the oncogenicity of the jm strain of mdv and was sustained for > 100 passages. the short-term coinfection, which spanned only 16 passages, was designed to recreate the insertion phenomenon under co ... | 1993 | 8387199 |
| identification and sequence analysis of the homologues of the herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein h in marek's disease virus and the herpesvirus of turkeys. | the glycoprotein h (gh) genes of two avian herpesviruses, marek's disease virus and the herpesvirus of turkeys, have been cloned and sequenced and the coding regions found to be of 2439 and 2424 nucleotides respectively. the predicted primary polypeptide products of these open reading frames are 813 and 808 amino acids and correspond to mrs of 90,800 and 91,100. both amino acid sequences exhibit characteristic glycoprotein features such as hydrophobic signal and anchor sequences and potential si ... | 1993 | 8389802 |
| consistent chromosomal aberration in cell lines transformed with marek's disease herpesvirus: evidence of genomic dna amplification. | a specific chromosomal aberration was observed in 14 of 15 avian lymphoblastoid cell lines transformed with marek's disease herpesvirus. this aberration, designated dup(1p)(p22-p23), appeared as an extra g-positive band and interband on the short arm of one chromosome i homolog. using fluorescent in situ hybridization, we identified amplified genomic dna sequences in this region. this amplification involves sequences linked to an endogenous retrovirus locus and genes in the histone multigene fam ... | 1993 | 8390410 |
| retrovirus insertion into herpesvirus: characterization of a marek's disease virus harboring a solo ltr. | we recently reported the phenomenon of retroviral insertion into a herpesvirus (isfort et al., (1992) proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 89, 991-995). we have now isolated marek's disease virus (mdv) clones that carry retroviral inserts. retroviral ltr insertion has the potential to activate or inactivate herpesvirus genes leading to alterations of the biological properties of the herpesviruses. the structure and the expression pattern of a virus clone carrying a solitary ltr insertion was characterized ... | 1993 | 8390750 |
| marek's disease virus protein kinase gene identified within the short unique region of the viral genome is not essential for viral replication in cell culture and vaccine-induced immunity in chickens. | the open reading frame (orf) of 1206 bp within the short unique region (us) of marek's disease virus type 1 (mdv1) shows significant homology with the herpes simplex virus type 1 us3 gene encoding protein kinase (pk). the lacz gene of escherichia coli was inserted within the orf, designated mdv1-us3, of mdv1 k544 strain dna by homologous recombination. the plaque-purified recombinant mdv1 stably expressed the beta-galactosidase encoded by the inserted lacz gene in infected cells and replicated w ... | 1993 | 8391181 |
| development of pcr method specific for marek's disease virus. | a rapid polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay specific for marek's disease virus (mdv) was developed. this assay was able to detect mdv in inoculated chick kidney cells at dilutions of 10(-5). negative pcr results were obtained using uninoculated chick cells, marek's disease vaccine (sb), herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) and fowl laryngotracheitis vaccine (lt). bursae, feathers and kidneys from mdv infected chickens were positive in the pcr assay. the same tissues from normal chickens were negative. ... | 1993 | 8391640 |
| selection of marek's disease virus recombinants expressing the escherichia coli gpt gene. | we developed a positive selection method for recovering marek's disease virus (mdv) recombinants. the escherichia coli xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene (gpt), under the control of the major immediate-early promoter from cytomegalovirus, was inserted into the inverted repeats flanking the unique long (ul) region of a non-pathogenic serotype 2 mdv strain 281mi/1. in a second demonstration of the usefulness of the positive selection system, the gpt gene was inserted into the inverted ... | 1993 | 8393240 |
| latent marek's disease virus can be activated from its chromosomally integrated state in herpesvirus-transformed lymphoma cells. | marek's disease virus (mdv), a lymphotropic herpesvirus, induces t-cell lymphomas in chicken, its natural host. the lymphoma cells are latently infected with mdv but the viral contribution to the transformed phenotype is not understood. to investigate the virus-cell interaction, we focused on the status of mdv in the transformed cells. by the use of highly sensitive fluorescent in situ hybridization with metaphase chromosomes, we found (i) mdv dna to be randomly integrated at multiple sites in t ... | 1993 | 8393785 |
| characterization of a monoclonal antibody against a nuclear antigen associated with serotype-1 marek's disease virus-infected and transformed cells. | a monoclonal antibody (mab), 2bn90, was characterized on a panel of marek's disease virus (mdv) isolates representing three antigenically related serotypes and lymphoblastoid cell lines established from marek's disease (md) tumors. it was reactive with all serotype 1 isolates, including cv1988, in both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunofluorescence (if) test. the mab immunoprecipitated and immunoblotted a 40-kilodalton protein, which was found to be phosphorylated by metabolic ... | 1993 | 8395807 |
| defective marek's disease virus dna contains a gene encoding a potential nuclear dna binding protein and a hsv a-like sequence. | four rna transcripts from chicken embryo fibroblast cells infected with marek's disease virus (mdv) strain 281ml/1 hybridized to the 4-kbp mdv replicon dna. in an attempt to identify open reading frames coding for the four transcripts, we determined the nucleotide sequences of 4-kbp replicon dna (represents a single monomeric repeat unit of defective mdv genome). computer analysis indicates that the 4-kbp mdv replicon dna contains two intact open reading frames (orfs) with common promoter regula ... | 1993 | 8396799 |
| nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of marek's disease virus homologues of herpes simplex virus major tegument proteins. | the dna sequence of an 8.4 kbp bamhi-ecori fragment of marek's disease virus (mdv) strain ga was determined. three of the predicted polypeptides are homologous to ul47, ul48 and ul49 encoding the major tegument proteins of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), and four are homologous to hsv-1 ul45, ul46, ul49.5 and ul50. these seven genes are found in the long unique region of the mdv genome and are collinear with homologues in hsv-1 and varicella-zoster virus (vzv). northern blot analysis reveal ... | 1993 | 8397281 |
| the complete sequence and gene organization of the short unique region of herpesvirus of turkeys. | the dna sequence of the whole of the short unique region (u(s)) and that of part of the short terminal repeat (trs) of herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) were determined. hvt u(s) is 8.6 kbp long and contains eight potential open reading frames (orfs). seven of these have counterparts in the u(s) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). the homologous proteins include us1, us2, us10, protein kinase (us3) and the glycoproteins gd, gi and ge. in addition, hvt contains one orf which has a counterpart in t ... | 1993 | 8409940 |
| efficacy in chickens of a herpesvirus of turkeys recombinant vaccine containing the fusion gene of newcastle disease virus: onset of protection and effect of maternal antibodies. | the onset of protection against newcastle disease and the effect of maternal antibodies to newcastle disease virus (ndv) and marek's disease virus (mdv) on vaccine efficacy were determined following vaccination of chickens with a recombinant herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) vaccine expressing the fusion (f) glycoprotein gene of ndv. onset of protection following intra-abdominal administration of the recombinant hvt/f vaccine at 1 day of age and subsequent ocular challenge with the neurotropic veloge ... | 1993 | 8141730 |
| histologic and morphometric examination of avian glomeruli from normal and swollen kidneys of broilers at slaughter. | normal and abnormal kidneys collected from broiler chickens at slaughter (6 to 7 weeks of age and of mixed sex) were evaluated to establish histopathologic and morphometric parameters for broilers. normal kidneys (group d) had an overall mean glomerular diameter of 67.4 +/- 27.8 microns. abnormal groups (groups a, b, and c) had an average glomerular diameter of 75.2 +/- 32.1 microns, which was significantly different (p < 0.01) from that of group d. all glomerular diameters in group a (otherwise ... | 1993 | 8257384 |
| chicken anaemia virus influences the pathogenesis of marek's disease in experimental infections, depending on the dose of marek's disease virus. | eight groups of 1-day-old chickens were inoculated with 0, 250, 5000, or 100,000 white blood cells of chickens infected with marek's disease virus strain k (mdv-wbc). four of these groups were additionally infected with 10(5) tcid50 chicken anaemia virus (cav). at day 14 after inoculation, chickens infected with cav had reduced haematocrit levels, reduced body weights, and depletion of the thymic cortex and bone marrow. semi-quantitative immunohistochemical examination of nerves and visceral org ... | 1993 | 8266627 |
| pcr detection of amplified 132 bp repeats in marek's disease virus type 1 (mdv-1) dna can serve as an indicator for critical genomic rearrangement leading to the attenuation of virus virulence. | a radioactive pcr test was developed that amplified the very virulent marek's disease virus-1 (vvmdv-1) dna sequence containing the 132 bp repeats. in apathogenic mdv-1 (cvi 988, rispens), amplified dna bands containing multiple copies of 132 bp repeats were identified. in the present study this pcr technique was used to monitor the passage level of vvmdv-1 in chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) in which the number of tandem 132 bp repeats was increased. it was found that at passage level 32 of vvm ... | 1993 | 8279126 |
| assembly pathway of avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus. | infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) is the causative agent of a highly contagious upper respiratory tract infection in chickens. at present, iltv vaccines are not satisfactory because of development of a latent carrier status in vaccinated birds. development of recombinant virus vaccines has been hampered by the limited information available on the molecular level and organization of this virus. we isolated 3 assembly intermediates, designated a, b, and c from iltv-infected cells. analysis ... | 1993 | 8116934 |
| nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein c (gc) homologous gene of marek's disease virus (mdv) serotype 2 and comparison of gc homologous genes among three serotypes of mdv. | the sequence analysis of the genomic region of marek's disease virus (mdv) serotype 2 (mdv2) which had homology with the gene encoding mdv serotype 1 (mdv1) homologue of glycoprotein c (gc) of herpes simplex virus revealed that there was a single open reading frame (orf) capable of encoding 479 amino acids. the predicted protein from this orf had strong hydrophobic regions in both the amino and carboxyl termini and several potential n-linked glycosylation sites, as seen in those from the orfs of ... | 1993 | 8117828 |