Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| extensive release of an antigen associated with the sporogonic stages of myxobolus cerebralis (myxozoa: myxosporea) is detected by a heterologous antibody raised to tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (myxozoa: malacosporea). | monoclonal antibody b4 (mab b4) was previously developed to the myxozoan parasite tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae canning, curry, feist, longshaw et okamura, 1999, the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease of salmonids, here we describe the reaction of mab b4 against myxobolus cerebralis hofer, 1903, the parasite that causes 'whirling disease' in salmonids. tissues examined were collected from experimentally infected rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) and the aquatic oligochaete ... | 2004 | 15357400 |
| homing of gyrodactylus salaris and g. derjavini (monogenea) on different hosts and response post-attachment. | in natural european waters, the congeneric monogeneans gyrodactylus derjavini mikailov, 1975 and g. salaris malmberg, 1957 are primarily found on brown trout salmo trutta l. and atlantic salmon salmo salar l., respectively. interestingly, rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), originating from north america, is as susceptible as brown trout to g. derjavini. however, the mechanisms involved in this host specificity are poorly understood but may include behavioural, mechanical and chemical ... | 2004 | 15357405 |
| parasite resistance and avoidance behaviour in preventing eye fluke infections in fish. | this paper examines the efficiency of acquired resistance in protecting the fish host, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), against the trematode parasite diplostomum spathaceum, and the hypothesis that fish recognize areas where infective stages are aggregated and show avoidance behaviour. we found that when fish with a low level of infection were held in restricted cages in natural conditions they became infected and developed cataracts as a result of this infection. this suggests that acquire ... | 2004 | 15376775 |
| homologs of cd83 from elasmobranch and teleost fish. | dendritic cells are one of the most important cell types connecting innate and adaptive immunity, but very little is known about their evolutionary origins. to begin to study dendritic cells from lower vertebrates, we isolated and characterized cd83 from the nurse shark (ginglymostoma cirratum (gici)) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss (onmy)). the open reading frames for gici-cd83 (194 aa) and onmy-cd83 (218 aa) display approximately 28-32% identity to mammalian cd83 with the presence of tw ... | 2004 | 15383588 |
| immunity in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, against the monogenean discocotyle sagittata following primary infection. | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were experimentally infected by continuous or single exposure with the monogenean discocotyle sagittata. to determine whether immunity follows primary infection, fish were exposed to a secondary challenge by one of two modes: (1) primary infections were cleared with praziquantel (pzq) and hosts re-infected with 100 oncomiracidia; (2) parasites were allowed to reach maturity and hosts super-infected with 100 oncomiracidia. fish challenged after initial continuo ... | 2004 | 14740206 |
| expression of immune response genes in rainbow trout skin induced by gyrodactylus derjavini infections. | by means of semi-quantitative rt-pcr, expression of a number of immune relevant genes was studied in skin of small rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum, 1792) fry during both primary and secondary infections with the ectoparasitic monogenean gyrodactylus derjavini mikailov, 1975. the target genes studied included the cyto- and chemokines tnf-alpha1, tnf-alpha2, tgf-beta and il-8, the inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) and cyclooxygenase (cox-2) genes and finally, two cell markers, the ... | 2004 | 14741133 |
| regulation of mitochondrial energy production in cardiac cells of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | in skinned rat cardiac fibres, mitochondrial affinity for endogenous adp generated by creatine kinase and ca2+-activated atpases is higher than for exogenous adp added to the surrounding medium, suggesting that mitochondria are functionally coupled to creatine kinase and atpases. such a coupling may be weaker or absent in ectothermic vertebrate cardiac cells, because they typically have less elaborate intracellular membrane structures, higher glycolytic capacity and lower working temperature. th ... | 2004 | 14758500 |
| differential expression of two somatostatin receptor subtype 1 mrnas in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | somatostatins (sss) play important roles in the growth, development and metabolism of vertebrates. in this study, cdnas for two unique somatostatin receptor variants were cloned and sequenced from rainbow trout. the two cdnas, one consisting of 1755 bp and the other of 1743 bp, share 63.6% identity in nucleotide sequence and 94.1% identity in deduced amino acid sequence and presumably arose through gene duplication. each cdna encodes for a putative 371-amino acid somatostatin receptor (one desig ... | 2004 | 14766000 |
| development and application of a salmonid est database and cdna microarray: data mining and interspecific hybridization characteristics. | we report 80,388 ests from 23 atlantic salmon (salmo salar) cdna libraries (61,819 ests), 6 rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) cdna libraries (14,544 ests), 2 chinook salmon (oncorhynchus tshawytscha) cdna libraries (1317 ests), 2 sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) cdna libraries (1243 ests), and 2 lake whitefish (coregonus clupeaformis) cdna libraries (1465 ests). the majority of these are 3' sequences, allowing discrimination between paralogs arising from a recent genome duplication in the s ... | 2004 | 14962987 |
| cloning, tissue distribution, pharmacology and three-dimensional modelling of melanocortin receptors 4 and 5 in rainbow trout suggest close evolutionary relationship of these subtypes. | the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) is one of the most widely used fish species in aquaculture and physiological research. in the present paper, we report the first cloning, 3d (three-dimensional) modelling, pharmacological characterization and tissue distribution of two melanocortin (mc) receptors in rainbow trout. phylogenetic analysis indicates that these receptors are orthologues of the human mc4 and mc5 receptors. we created 3d molecular models of these rainbow trout receptors and their ... | 2004 | 14965341 |
| a single major chromosomal region controls natural killer cell-like activity in rainbow trout. | we report the identification of a single major chromosomal region controlling natural killer (nk) cell-like activity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). a genetic map based on 484 aflp and 39 microsatellite genotypes from 106 doubled haploid fish was constructed. these fish were produced by androgenesis from a hybrid of two clonal lines divergent in nk-like activity. nk-like activities for 75 of the doubled haploids were quantified by an in vitro chromium release assay utilizing (51)cr-label ... | 2004 | 14968267 |
| combined biological and chemical assessment of estrogenic activities in wastewater treatment plant effluents. | five wastewater treatment plant effluents were analyzed for known endocrine disrupters and estrogenicity. estrogenicity was determined by using the yeast estrogen screen (yes) and by measuring the blood plasma vitellogenin (vtg) concentrations in exposed male rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). while all wastewater treatment plant effluents contained measurable concentrations of estrogens and gave a positive response with the yes, only at two sites did the male fish have significantly increased ... | 2004 | 14574437 |
| transmission dynamics of a trematode parasite: exposure, acquired resistance and parasite aggregation. | this paper examines the relative importance of exposure and susceptibility to the infection of rainbow trout ( oncorhynchus mykiss) with the trematode parasite diplostomum spathaceum under natural conditions. a total of 93 individually marked, similarly aged fish were introduced into three cages at regular time intervals and the intensity of infection in individuals recorded by counting parasites in live fish using ophthalmic techniques. fish introduced into the cages became infected faster than ... | 2004 | 14652746 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of calreticulin from rainbow trout ( oncorhynchus mykiss). | calreticulin (crt) is a highly conserved, high-capacity, calcium-binding protein shared among vertebrates, invertebrates and higher plants. its biological importance, highlighted by its highly conserved nature, is supported by its crucial physiological and immunological functions. within the endoplasmic reticulum, crt serves as a calcium modulator and a lectin-like chaperone for glycoproteins, especially class i major histocompatibility receptors. to date, crt cdna clones have been isolated from ... | 2004 | 14669059 |
| partial purification of antibacterial proteinaceous factors from erythrocytes of oncorhynchus mykiss. | antimicrobial peptides are natural antibiotics known to be present in both myeloid cells and epithelial surfaces of vertebrates. nevertheless, the reports of antimicrobial peptides isolated from blood cells of teleosts are scarce. in this paper we show that acid-soluble erythrocyte extracts from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, display antibacterial activity against planococcus citreus on a radial diffusion assay. following tc18 solid phase extraction, cationic exchange chromatography and c18 ... | 2004 | 14675829 |
| phylogenetic analysis and in situ identification of the intestinal microbial community of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum). | to identify the dominant culturable and nonculturable microbiota of rainbow trout intestine. | 2004 | 14678165 |
| immunohistochemical localization of two otolith matrix proteins in the otolith and inner ear of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss: comparative aspects between the adult inner ear and embryonic otocysts. | the fish otolith consists mainly of calcium carbonate and organic matrices, the latter of which may play important roles in the process of otolith formation. we previously identified two otolith matrix proteins, named otolith matrix protein-1 (omp-1) and otolin-1, from the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and the chum salmon, o. keta. in this study, recombinant proteins corresponding to omp-1 and otolin-1 were synthesized using yeast and bacterial expression systems, respectively, to produce ... | 2004 | 14689310 |
| recombinant human erythropoietin induces proliferation and ca(2+)-influx in specific leukocyte subpopulations of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) blood and head kidney cells. | in mammals, erythropoietin regulates the development and differentiation of erythrocytes. although hematopoietic cells of bony fish correspond in their ontogeneic development, morphology, and function to their mammalian counterparts, an erythropoietin (epo)-like molecule has not been identified. in this study we present evidence for a mitogenic response of blood and head kidney leukocytes of rainbow trout after stimulation by recombinant human epo (rhu epo). the modulation of cellular activities ... | 2004 | 14624307 |
| the effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbst) on tissue igf-i, igf-i receptor, and gh mrna levels in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | numerous studies demonstrated that rbst increased growth rates in several fish species, and several species exhibit gh production in tissues other than the pituitary. the role of tissue gh and igf-i in regulating fish growth is poorly understood. therefore an experiment was conducted to examine the effects of rbst treatment on tissue gh, igf-i, and igf-i receptor-a (ra) expression in rainbow trout. rainbow trout (550 +/- 10 g) received either intra-peritoneal injections of rbst (120 microg/g bod ... | 2004 | 14723884 |
| detection and antigenic characterization of salmonid alphavirus isolates from sera obtained from farmed atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., and farmed rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | a simple method of detecting the presence of the salmonid alphaviruses (savs), salmon pancreas disease virus (spdv) and sleeping disease virus (sdv), from serum samples is described. using a 96-well tissue-culture plate format, test sera are diluted in medium and added to chinook salmon embryo (chse-214) cells. after incubation for 3 days at 15 degrees c, plates are fixed and stained using a monoclonal antibody (mab)-based immunoperoxidase (ipx) detection system, and virus-infected cells are obs ... | 2004 | 15009240 |
| initial steps of speciation by geographic isolation and host switch in salmonid pathogen gyrodactylus salaris (monogenea: gyrodactylidae). | to test the hypothesis that host-switching can be an important step in the speciation of gyrodactylid monogenean flatworms, we inferred the phylogeny within a cluster of parasites morphologically close to gyrodactylus salaris malmberg 1957, collected from atlantic, baltic and white sea salmon (salmo salar), farmed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and grayling (thymallus thymallus) from northern europe. the internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal gene was sequenced for tax ... | 2004 | 15013741 |
| binding of vibrio anguillarum to neutral glycosphingolipids from intestinal mucosa of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | to test whether glycosphingolipids (gsls) on the intestinal mucosa of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) serve as a binding receptor for vibrio anguillarum, we analyzed neutral gsls from rainbow trout intestinal mucosa and investigated the binding of bacteria to neutral gsls. two kinds of neutral gsls, designated n-1 and n-2, were identified on high-performance thin-layer chromatography (tlc) plates. in tlc immunostaining tests, v. anguillarum bound only to galactosylceramide (galcer), lactosyl ... | 2004 | 15031552 |
| comparative susceptibility of atlantic salmon, lake trout and rainbow trout to myxobolus cerebralis in controlled laboratory exposures. | the susceptibility of lake trout salvelinus namaycush, rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and atlantic salmon salmo salar to myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease, was compared in controlled laboratory exposures. a total of 450 (225 for each dose) fry for each species were exposed to a low (200 spores per fish) or high (2000 spores per fish) dose of the infective triactinomyxon. at 22 wk post-exposure, 60 fish from each group, as well as controls for each species, were exa ... | 2004 | 15038448 |
| intra-strain dioxin sensitivity and morphometric effects in swim-up rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | inter and intra-specific differences in sensitivity of early life stage salmonids to 2,3,7,8-tcdd exposure have been reported, but intra-strain differences have not been found in the literature. our results indicate that intra-strain variability in terms of embryo mortality (ld50) is small in eagle lake strain of rainbow trout, ld50 values ranging from 285 to 457 pg tcdd egg g(-1). these results confirm eagle lake as a less sensitive strain within rainbow trout, and do not indicate overlap with ... | 2004 | 15050925 |
| modelling of fish interleukin-1 and its receptor. | this paper presents original data regarding: the three-dimensional modelling of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax) il-1beta, the modelling of trout il-1 receptor type i (il-1ri) and the modelling of trout il-1beta bound to its receptor. the 3d models of trout and sea bass il-1beta molecules were predicted by comparison with those already available of human and mouse, and, in both cases, a structure consisting of a beta-trefoil fold was obtained, a motif well ... | 2004 | 15062642 |
| experimental infection of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus isolates from european marine and farmed fishes. | the susceptibility of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss to infection with various isolates of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) was examined. a total of 8 experiments with rainbow trout ranging from 0.6 to 6.2 g was conducted for 139 isolates originating from wild marine fishes in european waters (115 isolates), farmed turbot from scotland and ireland (2 isolates), and farmed rainbow trout (22 isolates). the isolates were tested by immersion and/or intraperitoneal injection either as p ... | 2004 | 15109131 |
| impact of a water temperature shift on xenoma clearance and recovery time during a loma salmonae (microsporidia) infection in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | previous studies have modelled the relationship between water temperature and the rate of sporulation as defined by xenoma formation during microsporidial gill disease (mgd) in salmon caused by loma salmonae. although offering insight into the epidemiology of mgd, a key unexplored area is the role of temperature in the rate of xenoma dissolution including spore release into the environment, and this is crucial to our ability to model horizontal transmission of mgd within confined net-pen populat ... | 2004 | 15109141 |
| effect of temperature on the structure of trout troponin c. | adaptation for life at different temperatures can cause changes in many aspects of an organism. one example is the expression of different protein isoforms in species adapted to different temperatures. the calcium regulatory protein cardiac troponin c (ctnc), from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), is a good model for studying temperature effects, both because of its low physiological temperature and because mammalian ctnc, extensively studied at higher temperatures, can be used for comparison ... | 2004 | 15109253 |
| expression of map1b protein and its phosphorylated form map1b-p in the cns of a continuously growing fish, the rainbow trout. | microtubule-associated protein-1b (map1b), and particularly its phosphorylated isoform map1b-p, play an important role in axonal outgrowth during development of the mammalian nervous system and have also been shown to be associated with axonal plasticity in the adult. here, we used antibodies and mrna probes directed against mammalian map1b to extend our analysis to fish species, trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), at different stages of development. the specificity of the cross-reaction of our anti-to ... | 2004 | 15120583 |
| enhancement of innate immunity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) associated with dietary intake of carotenoids from natural products. | the effects of orally administered carotenoids from natural sources on the non-specific defense mechanisms of rainbow trout were evaluated in a nine-week feeding trial. fish were fed four diets containing either beta-carotene or astaxanthin at 100 and 200 mg kg-1 from the marine algae dunaliella salina and red yeast phaffia rhodozyma, respectively, and a control diet containing no supplemented carotenoids. specific growth rate and feed:gain ratio were not affected by dietary carotenoid supplemen ... | 2004 | 15123294 |
| sequencing and expression of the second allele of the interleukin-1beta1 gene in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): identification of a novel sine in the third intron. | a lambda clone containing a rainbow trout il-1beta1 gene was isolated by a pcr screening strategy from a genomic library cloned in lambda gem-11, and an ecori fragment from this clone was fully sequenced, and contained 1680 bp 5'-flanking sequence, the whole il-1beta1 gene open reading frame, and the 3'-flanking region with two potential poly a signals and poly a sites. this clone encoded a protein that shared 99.8% identity to the previously published trout il-1beta1 cdna sequence, with only th ... | 2004 | 15123302 |
| analysis and characterisation of il-1beta processing in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | mammalian il-1beta is produced as a biologically inactive 31 kda precursor, which is converted to the active 18 kda form by proteolytic processing. synthesis and processing of native piscine il-1beta is poorly understood. in the present study, the native il-1beta precursor or mature peptides were detected at sizes of approx. 29 kda and 24 kda in cell lysates of a rainbow trout macrophage cell line rts-11, with or without lps stimulation, by western blot analysis using a polyclonal antibody again ... | 2004 | 15123312 |
| the auxotrophic aroa mutant of aeromonas hydrophila as a live attenuated vaccine against a. salmonicida infections in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | an auxotrophic aroa mutant of the aeromonas hydrophila ag2 strain is a live attenuated vaccine against a. hydrophila infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the protection conferred by the live attenuated vaccine against a. salmonicida strains is reported here, and several parameters of the specific and non-specific immune response in vaccinated trout were characterised. vaccination with a dose of 10(7)cells/fish of the aroa mutant elicited significant protection against the hooke and ... | 2004 | 15123323 |
| identification and expression analysis of an il-18 homologue and its alternatively spliced form in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | a homologue of interleukin 18 has been identified from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. the trout il-18 gene spans 3.7 kb and consists of six exons and five introns, sharing the same gene organization with its human counterpart. the putative translated protein is 199 amino acids in length with no predicted signal peptide. analysis of the multiple sequence alignment reveals a conserved ice cut site, resulting in a mature peptide of 162 amino acids. the trout il-18 shares 41-45% similarity with ... | 2004 | 15128301 |
| brain glucose and insulin: effects on food intake and brain biogenic amines of rainbow trout. | the effects of central (intracerebroventricular, 9 microg fish(-1)) and peripheral (intraperitoneal, 4 mg kg(-1)) administration of bovine insulin, as well as the effect of hyperglycemia (oral administration of 1 g glucose fish(-1)) and brain glucodeprivation (intracerebroventricular administration of 2-deoxy-d-glucose) on food intake and levels of brain (telencephalon, preoptic area, and hypothalamus) biogenic amines (serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline and their metabolites 5-hydroxyindoleaceti ... | 2004 | 15138792 |
| two novel muramidases from skin mucosa of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | two novel antibacterial muramidases were purified to homogeneity from skin exudates of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). unusually, one has an acidic isoelectric point and it is the first anionic muramidase to be reported for fish. its molecular mass is 14,268 da, as determined by mass spectrometry. the other muramidase is cationic with a mass of 14,252 da. partial n-terminal amino acid sequencing and peptide mapping strongly point to it being a c-type lysozyme, the first to be purified and c ... | 2004 | 15142536 |
| toxic effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac. part i: histopathological alterations and bioaccumulation in rainbow trout. | human and veterinary pharmaceuticals have been shown to occur in considerably high amounts in sewage treatment plant (stp) effluents and surface waters. the non-steroidal inflammatory drug diclofenac represents one of the most commonly detected compounds. information concerning possible ecotoxicological risks of the substance are rather scarce. so far there are no data available on its possible effects in fish after prolonged exposure. in order to evaluate sublethal toxic effects of diclofenac i ... | 2004 | 15145224 |
| expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) during an infection with ichthyophthirius multifiliis. | inflammatory processes are known to take place in the skin of fish during an infection with the parasitic ciliate ichthyophthirius multifiliis. the present study shows that the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 beta (il-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), the chemokine interleukin 8 (il-8) and the type ii il-1 receptor (il-1rii) are expressed in rainbow trout during an infection. in the skin an up to 17.8 times increase in the expression level of il-1beta relative to uninf ... | 2004 | 15145419 |
| evaluation of five diagnostic methods for the detection and quantification of myxobolus cerebralis. | diagnostic methods were used to identify and quantify myxobolus cerebralis, a myxozoan parasite of salmonid fish. in this study, 7-week-old, pathogen-free rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were experimentally infected with m. cerebralis and at 7 months postinfection were evaluated with 5 diagnostic assays: 1) pepsin-trypsin digest (ptd) to detect and enumerate spores found in cranial cartilage, 2) 2 different histopathology grading scales that provide a numerical score for severity of microsco ... | 2004 | 15152834 |
| effects of fish stocking on ecosystem services: an overview and case study using the stockholm archipelago. | in this article, we focus on documented and possible effects of fish stocking in terms of ecosystem services. the increasing use of fish stocking between 1970 and 2000 in the semiurban setting of stockholm archipelago, sweden, is used as case study. the objective is to analyze this management practice from an ecosystem perspective, accounting for both the ecological and social context of releasing fish. the results show that enhancements of four native species (salmo s. trutta, salmo salar, stiz ... | 2004 | 15156349 |
| a stream mesocosm study on the ecological effects of a c12-15 linear alcohol ethoxylate surfactant. | the responses of fish, invertebrates, and periphyton during a 56-day exposure to a c(12-15) linear alcohol ethoxylate surfactant were studied in stream mesocosms. an individual stream consisted of a slow-flowing pool section and a faster-flowing riffle section. the surfactant has an average distribution of nine ethoxylate groups per mole of alcohol. eight stream mesocosms were used to test the effects of seven concentrations of the surfactant. time-averaged, mean, measured concentrations were 20 ... | 2004 | 15157571 |
| effect of environmental temperature on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) innate immunity. | phagocytosis, complement lytic activity and opsonization capacity of rainbow trout plasma as well as the ability of phagocytes to recognize foreign particles were studied at different temperatures. respiratory burst (rb) activity and opsonization capacity were assessed as chemiluminescence emission from diluted whole blood of fish which were acclimatized for 57 days at temperatures between 5 and 20 degrees c. rb activity was higher at higher acclimatization and in vitro assay temperatures. the p ... | 2004 | 15177112 |
| prevalence and diagnosis of bacterial kidney disease (bkd) in scotland between 1990 and 2002. | bacterial kidney disease (bkd) is a notifiable disease for salmonids under united kingdom and european union legislation. within the uk, legislation and the control of infected fish with bkd has been operating for 25 yr. infection by the bacterium renibacterium salmoninarum results in a chronic, debilitating infection and mortality. records of bkd outbreaks and the detection of r. salmoninarum were monitored from 1990 through to 2002 for atlantic salmon salmo salar and rainbow trout oncorhynchus ... | 2004 | 15212278 |
| protective immunity in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss following immunization with distinct molecular mass fractions isolated from flavobacterium psychrophilum. | vaccine development for coldwater disease (cwd), also known as rainbow trout fry syndrome (rtfs), has been based primarily on whole-cell bacterins or outer membrane fractions of flavobacterium psychrophilum. in the present study, immunogenic regions of the bacterium corresponding to 18-28, 41-49, and 70-100 kda were identified by western blot analysis using rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss immune sera. following sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), antigens with ... | 2004 | 15212288 |
| evidence of complement-mediated killing of discocotyle sagittata (platyhelminthes, monogenea) oncomiracidia. | discocotyle sagittata oncomiracidia were rapidly killed when incubated in naïve plasma and immune sera from both rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (salmo trutta), the killing proceeding at a faster rate with blood material from the latter fish species. the lethal activity of naïve plasma and immune sera was comparable. this was abolished after incubation at 45 degrees c for 30 min and by the addition of edta but not egta supplemented with mg(2+), indicating that complement acti ... | 2004 | 15212729 |
| an inhibitor of bacterial quorum sensing reduces mortalities caused by vibriosis in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum). | the fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum produces quorum sensing signal molecules, n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls), which in several gram-negative human and plant pathogenic bacteria regulate virulence factors. expression of these factors can be blocked using specific quorum-sensing inhibitors (qsis). the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a qsi, furanone c-30, on mortality of rainbow trout during challenge with v. anguillarum. addition of 0.01 or 0.1 microm furanone c-30 to ra ... | 2004 | 15214641 |
| correlation between production of acyl homoserine lactones and proteases in an aeromonas hydrophila aroa live vaccine. | aeromonas hydrophila is a pathogen that causes disease in a wide range of homeothermic and poikilothermic hosts due to its multifactorial virulence. we have previously described the characterisation and use of an auxotrophic aroa mutant of the a. hydrophila ag2 strain as a live attenuated vaccine against a. hydrophila infections in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). in this study we report the expression of extracellular proteolytic activities and of quorum-sensing molecules by this mutant gro ... | 2004 | 15223121 |
| the parasitic ciliate ichthyophthirius multifiliis induces expression of immune relevant genes in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | abstract during an infection with the parasitic ciliate ichthyophthirius multifiliis, expression of genes encoding complement factor c3, inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos), immunoglobulin (igm) and major histocompatibility complex (mhc-ii) was examined in the skin, head kidney and spleen of rainbow trout using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. induction of c3 transcription levels was evident in the skin and spleen showing extra-hepatic production of c3. mhc-i ... | 2004 | 15228610 |
| timing of changes in growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), experimentally infected with loma salmonae (microspora). | 2004 | 15228612 | |
| trout cc chemokines: comparison of their sequences and expression patterns. | several thousand est sequences were recently made available in the embl sequence database from the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. blast based searches were utilised to identify sequences resembling mammalian cc chemokines within these ests. fifteen new and unique cc chemokine-like sequences were identified for trout, bringing the total of known cc chemokine sequences in trout to 18 when including those already published. some of these trout chemokines appeared highly related (in pairs) sugge ... | 2004 | 15234559 |
| temperature acclimation modifies na+ current in fish cardiac myocytes. | the present study was designed to test the hypothesis that temperature acclimation modifies sarcolemmal na+ current (ina) of the fish cardiac myocytes differently depending on the animal's lifestyle in the cold. two eurythermal fish species with different physiological strategies for surviving in the cold, a cold-dormant crucian carp (carassius carassius l.) and a cold-active rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), were used in acclimation experiments. the ina of carp and trout were also compared w ... | 2004 | 15235011 |
| growth hormone differentially regulates muscle myostatin1 and -2 and increases circulating cortisol in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | myostatin (mstn) negatively regulates muscle growth in vertebrates. salmonids produce two myostatin transcripts from separate genes. surprisingly, quantitative analyses indicate different regulatory mechanisms for the two myostatin genes in rainbow trout. mstn1 mrna levels were elevated 26% following recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbgh) treatment, while mstn2 mrna levels were reduced 74% compared to controls. mstn precursor protein (42kda) levels were elevated in rbgh treated fish compared t ... | 2004 | 15242749 |
| a test battery for the ecotoxicological evaluation of the agri-chemical environ. | the ecotoxicological effects of the agri-chemical environ were evaluated using a test battery comprising organisms representing three trophic levels of the aquatic ecosystem. the sensitivities of the test species to environ were as follows: microtox > daphnia magna > pseudokirchneriella subcapitata = thamnocephalus platyurus = oncorhynchus mykiss > artemia salina > tetrahymena thermophilia. an order of magnitude sensitivity between the test species was observed which emphasizes the importance of ... | 2004 | 15261732 |
| effects of fish age and parasite dose on the development of whirling disease in rainbow trout. | we determined the ages at which juvenile rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss became resistant to the effects of whirling disease following exposure to a range of parasite doses. heretofore, the development and severity of whirling disease in salmonids was known to be generally dependent on the age or size of fish when first exposed to the triactinomyxon spores of myxobolus cerebralis; larger, older individuals tended to be less diseased. however, no systematic determination had been made of the ex ... | 2004 | 15264719 |
| identification of a serine protease gene expressed by myxobolus cerebralis during development in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | serine proteases have been recognized as key factors in parasite physiology and disease development. we have identified a serine protease gene from myxobolus cerebralis, myxsp-1, the myxozoan parasite causing whirling disease in salmonid fishes. the amino acid sequence, as deduced from the cdna sequence, included a catalytic residue arrangement similar to that of the chymotrypsin family of serine proteases. a real-time taqman polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis revealed differences in the t ... | 2004 | 15264720 |
| localization of ghrelin-producing cells in the stomach of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (ghs-r), was isolated from the rat stomach and determined to be n-octanoylated 28-amino-acid peptide. in this study, we studied the distribution of ghrelin-producing cells (ghrelin cells) in the gastrointestinal tract of male and female rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by immunohistochemistry using n-terminal region-recognizing antibody and also by in situ hybridization using a trout ghrelin-specific crna probe. ghreli ... | 2004 | 15277719 |
| novel fatty acid elongases and their use for the reconstitution of docosahexaenoic acid biosynthesis. | in algae, the biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6omega3; dha) proceeds via the elongation of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5omega3; epa) to 22:5omega3, which is required as a substrate for the final delta4 desaturation. to isolate the elongase specific for this step, we searched expressed sequence tag and genomic databases from the algae ostreococcus tauri and thalassiosira pseudonana, from the fish oncorhynchus mykiss, from the frog xenopus laevis, and from the sea squirt ciona intestinalis ... | 2004 | 15292371 |
| palmitate movement across red and white muscle membranes of rainbow trout. | we examined the movement of [3h]palmitate across giant sarcolemmal vesicles prepared from red and white muscle of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). red and white muscle fatty acid carriers have similar affinities for palmitate (apparent km = 26 +/- 6 and 33 +/- 8 nm, respectively); however, red muscle has a higher maximal uptake compared with white muscle (vmax = 476 +/- 41 vs. 229 +/- 23 pmol.mg protein-1.s-1, respectively). phloretin (250 microm) inhibited palmitate influx in red and white ... | 2004 | 12969874 |
| in vitro metabolism of [14c]methoxychlor in rat, mouse, japanese quail and rainbow trout in precision-cut liver slices. | 1. the in vitro metabolism of [14c]methoxychlor (mxc) has been studied using precision-cut liver slices from the sprague-dawley male rat, cd-1 male mouse, we strain male japanese quail and juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the results demonstrated integrated phase i and ii metabolism of mxc and species differences in the metabolic profiles were observed. 2. in rat liver slice preparations, mxc was rapidly metabolized to bis-oh-mxc by sequential o-demethylation followed by subsequent ... | 2004 | 15690762 |
| effect of recombinant human gh and ghrh on plasma metabolite levels in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the aim of the present work was to study metabolic changes in rainbow trout treated with preparations of human recombinants of growth hormone (rhgh) and gh-releasing hormone (rhghrh), by analysing time course variations in plasma metabolite levels. trouts were given the hormones by intraperitoneal injection in a single dose (rhgh: 0.5microg/g b.w.; rhghrh: 0.06microg/g b.w.) or as a weekly injection over a period of 4 weeks. the concentrations of glucose, lactate, free fatty acids and glycerol w ... | 2004 | 15700768 |
| contaminants as viral cofactors: assessing indirect population effects. | current toxicological methods often miss contaminant effects, particularly when immune suppression is involved. the failure to recognize and evaluate indirect and sublethal effects severely limits the applicability of those methods at the population level. in this study, the vitality model is used to evaluate the population level effects of a contaminant exerting only indirect, sublethal effects at the individual level. juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were injected with 2.5 or 10.0 ... | 2004 | 15642628 |
| influence of natural organic matter source on acute copper, lead, and cadmium toxicity to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | natural organic matter (nom) was concentrated from various sites across canada using a portable reverse-osmosis unit to obtain a range of nom types, from mainly allochthonous (terrestrially derived) to mainly autochthonous (aquatically derived) nom. the addition of nom to cu exposures in ion-poor water always decreased cu toxicity to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, approximately 1 g) over a 96-h period, and the degree of protection varied with respect to nom source. a good correlation was fo ... | 2004 | 15648764 |
| monitoring ceratomyxa shasta infection during a hatchery rearing cycle: comparison of molecular, serological and histological methods. | the prevalence of ceratomyxa shasta infection in production stocks of steelhead oncorhynchus mykiss and cutthroat trout o. clarki was monitored using a parasite-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay. for all 4 stocks of fish followed through their 1 yr rearing cycle, c. shasta infection was detected despite their genetic resistance to the disease and the treatment of the incoming water with ozone. infection was confirmed using serological methods and standard histological procedures, ex ... | 2004 | 15648834 |
| qualitative analysis of the risk of introducing gyrodactylus salaris into the united kingdom. | gyrodactylus salaris is a freshwater, monogenean ectoparasite of baltic strains of atlantic salmon salmo salar on which it generally causes no clinical disease. infection of other strains of atlantic salmon in norway has resulted in high levels of juvenile salmon mortality and highly significant reductions in the population. the parasite is a major exotic disease threat to wild atlantic salmon in the uk. this paper qualitatively assesses the risk of introduction and establishment of g. salaris i ... | 2004 | 15648837 |
| streptococcus iniae type ii infections in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | clinical and pathological findings (anorexia, hemorrhage, lethargy, loss of orientation and exophthalmia) indicated that streptococcus iniae type ii is responsible for a fatal disease in rainbow trout. histopathological findings revealed that s. iniae type ii produces a systemic disease, including a diffuse necrotizing myositis. the distribution of viable bacteria in infected tissues substantiated the pathological findings, confirming that s. iniae type ii is responsible for a generalized septic ... | 2004 | 15648844 |
| lack of evidence of infectious salmon anemia virus in pollock pollachius virens cohabitating with infected farmed atlantic salmon salmo salar. | the infectious salmon anemia (isa) virus causes lethargy, anemia, hemorrhage of the internal organs, and death in farmed atlantic salmon salmo salar. it has been a cause of disease in norwegian farmed atlantic salmon since 1984 and has since been identified in canada, scotland, the united states, and the faroe islands. wild fish have been proposed as a viral reservoir because they are capable of close contact with farmed salmon. laboratory studies have shown that brown trout and sea trout salmo ... | 2004 | 15584421 |
| plasmablast and plasma cell production and distribution in trout immune tissues. | these studies describe the in vitro and ex vivo generation of plasmablasts and plasma cells in trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) peripheral blood and splenic and anterior kidney tissues. cells were derived either from naive trout and cultured with the polyclonal activator, escherichia coli lps, or from trout that had been immunized with trinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin. hydroxyurea was used to resolve populations of replicating (plasmablast) and nonreplicating (plasma cell) ab-secreting cells ... | 2004 | 15585855 |
| effects of treated sewage effluent on immune function in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | in this study, the immune reactions of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined, after exposure to 10, 30 and 70% of tertiary-treated municipal sewage effluent for 27 days. exposures were conducted concurrently with and without an immune challenge using intraperitoneal injections of inactivated aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida. due to the time required to prepare and analyse samples, fish sampling was conducted over two consecutive days. there was no trout mortality for any of the expe ... | 2004 | 15588644 |
| molecular cloning and preliminary expression analysis of banded dogfish (triakis scyllia) cc chemokine cdnas by use of suppression subtractive hybridization. | suppression subtractive hybridization was carried out by using cdnas of peripheral white blood cells (pwbcs) of banded dogfish (triakis scyllia) after phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma) stimulation. the trsc-scya107, mip3alpha1 and mip3alpha2 clones contained an open reading frame encoding 97, 99 and 97 amino acids, respectively. comparison of the deduced amino acids showed that the banded dogfish mip3alpha1 and mip3alpha2 sequences shared 42.3% and 40.0% identity with human scya20, respectiv ... | 2004 | 15592825 |
| magnification and toxicity of pcbs, pcdds, and pcdfs in upriver-migrating pacific salmon. | the depletion of lipids associated with pre-spawning migration of pacific salmon has the potential to magnify concentrations of hydrophobic organic contaminants (hocs), which elevates risk of toxic effects. we present data from a field study of sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) migrating to spawn in great central lake, bc, which demonstrate that pre-spawning migration causes a magnification of pcb, pcdd, and pcdf concentrations in female gonads (1.9-2.5-fold), female soma (3.4-5.6-fold), and m ... | 2004 | 15597874 |
| efficacy of emamectin benzoate in the control of argulus coregoni (crustacea: branchiura) on rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | efficacy of in-feed treatment with emamectin benzoate (slice) for the control of ectoparasitic argulus coregoni on rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss was tested under laboratory and field conditions. in both experiments fish were fed with fish feed to deliver a therapeutic dose of 0 (control) or 50 microg emamectin benzoate kg(-1) d(-1) (treatment) for a period of 7 d. after 3 d of challenge with a. coregoni in the laboratory, the infestation level in treated fish was lower than that observed in ... | 2004 | 15521318 |
| real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) to identify myxobolus cerebralis in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | this study describes the development of a taqman real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) technique using the heat-shock protein 70 (hsp 70) and 18s ribosomal dna (18s rdna) sequences to identify myxobolus cerebralis and attempt to quantify infection severity within rainbow trout fry oncorhynchus mykiss. rainbow trout for this study were exposed to m. cerebralis under natural river conditions and examined for infection by histology, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and qpcr analysi ... | 2004 | 15521319 |
| eye fluke-induced cataract formation in fish: quantitative analysis using an ophthalmological microscope. | we examined the parasite-induced cataract formation in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) using slit-lamp microscopy to determine the relationship between cataract intensity and number of diplostomum spathaceum parasites that were established in the lens. cataract intensity increased significantly with parasite burden, but was also affected by the pattern of exposure to the parasite cercariae. the slit-lamp methodology proved useful in scoring the cataracts since it provides a 3-dimensional vie ... | 2004 | 15521636 |
| immune responses in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss induced by a potential probiotic bacteria lactobacillus rhamnosus jcm 1136. | this study was undertaken to examine the effect of supplementing a suggested probiotic bacteria lactobacillus rhamnosus jcm 1136 in feed on immune response and gut flora composition of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. the probiotic bacteria were incorporated into a commercial feed to constitute two experimental diets containing either 10(9) or 10(11) colony forming unit of live bacteria/g of feed while a third diet without the bacterial supplement served as the control diet. the diets were off ... | 2004 | 15541791 |
| conserved deployment of genes during odontogenesis across osteichthyans. | odontogenesis has only been closely scrutinized at the molecular level in the mouse, an animal with an extremely restricted dentition of only two types and one set. however, within osteichthyans many species display complex and extensive dentitions, which questions the extent to which information from the mouse is applicable to all osteichthyans. we present novel comparative molecular and morphological data in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) that show that three genes, essential for muri ... | 2004 | 15556883 |
| identification of the copepod intermediate host of the introduced broad fish tapeworm, diphyllobothrium latum, in southern chile. | the broad fish tapeworm, diphyllobothrium latum, is an exotic species in both chile and argentina, and until now, its copepod host has remained unknown in south american waters. the objective of this study was to identify calanoid copepod species that may be intermediate hosts for d. latum in lake panguipulli, chile. in this lake, the highest levels of infection by this tapeworm occur in the introduced rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. of the 2 calanoid copepods found in lake panguipulli, diap ... | 2004 | 15562630 |
| resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in aeromonas hydrophila isolated from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | bacterial infections caused by members of the genus aeromonas, with a relatively high antibiotic resistance, are among the most common and troublesome diseases of fish raised in ponds with recirculation systems. in this study, carried out at an experimental aquaculture station in northern portugal, 51 strains identified as belonging to the genus aeromonas were isolated from 20 rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) skin and kidney samples, as well as from raceway water samples. macro- and microscop ... | 2004 | 15492935 |
| characterization of a highly inducible novel cc chemokine from differentiated rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophages. | a full-length cdna clone encoding a novel trout cc chemokine was identified in expressed sequence tags generated from lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated in vitro differentiated macrophages isolated from the head kidney of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the putative 101-amino-acid protein is 38% similar to macaca mulatta ccl4 (macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta) but is also similar to several other related mammalian cc chemokines, including human act-2. real-time pcr and conventiona ... | 2004 | 15503008 |
| infectious salmon anemia virus: causative agent, pathogenesis and immunity. | infectious salmon anemia (isa) virus (isav), an economically important new pathogen in marine aquaculture, is classified in the family orthomyxoviridae, genus isavirus. the main structural properties of this genus include enveloped virions 90-140 nm in diameter with surface projections of a combined receptor-binding hemagglutinin and receptor-destroying enzyme activity demonstrated to be an esterase, hence recently designated he, and a genome composed of eight segments of linear, single-stranded ... | 2004 | 15460541 |
| consumption of drugs for sea lice infestations in norwegian fish farms: methods for assessment of treatment patterns and treatment rate. | sea lice are a major problem in norwegian fish farms; however, data on drug treatment patterns or treatment rates of sea lice infestations are not available. such data are important for analysing resistance patterns against drugs used for such infestations. the main objective of the present study was to develop a method to estimate the treatment patterns and treatment rates for drugs used in the treatment against sea lice (lepeophtheirus salmonis and caligus elongatus) in farm salmonids by means ... | 2004 | 15460856 |
| development and characterization of a competitive polyclonal antibody enzyme-immunoassay for salmon insulin-like growth factor-ii. | this paper describes the development and validation of a competitive, polyclonal antibody enzyme-immunoassay (eia) for the measurement of salmon and trout insulin-like growth factor-ii (igf-ii). a polyclonal antiserum was raised against a synthetic peptide epitope, corresponding to amino acid residues 1-9 of the n-terminus of mature atlantic salmon (salmo salar) igf-ii. the antiserum was purified by hydrophobic charge induction chromatography (hcic). the partially purified immunoglobulins were u ... | 2004 | 15465665 |
| characterization and comparison of fatty acyl delta6 desaturase cdnas from freshwater and marine teleost fish species. | fish are the most important dietary source of the n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (hufa), eicosapentaenoic (epa) and docosahexaenoic acid (dha), that have particularly important roles in human nutrition reflecting their roles in critical physiological processes. the objective of the study described here was to clone, functionally characterize and compare expressed fatty acid desaturase genes involved in the production of epa and dha in freshwater and marine teleost fish species. putative fatt ... | 2004 | 15465674 |
| analysis of genes isolated from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophages. | a primary cell culture system was used to obtain differentiated rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophages that were stimulated with escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps-10 microg/ml) for 12 h in vitro. messenger rna from the lps-stimulated cells was used to create two cdna libraries from which a total of 1048 sequences were analyzed. a large number of cdnas were obtained that could be related to immune function including structural proteins, proteases and antiproteases, regulators of t ... | 2004 | 15482855 |
| differential propagation of the metazoan parasite myxobolus cerebralis by limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, ilyodrilus templetoni, and genetically distinct strains of tubifex tubifex. | whirling disease, caused by the parasite myxobolus cerebralis, has infected rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and other salmonid fish in the western united states, often with devastating results to native populations but without a discernible spatial pattern. the parasite develops in a complex 2-host system in which the aquatic oligochaete tubifex tubifex is an obligate host. because substantial differences in whirling disease severity in different areas of north america did not seem explainab ... | 2004 | 15715230 |
| an immunohistochemical study on the neuroendocrine system in the alimentary canal of the brown trout, salmo trutta, l., 1758. | several neurohormonal peptides of the gastrointestinal system of fish have been revealed by immunohistochemical methods. among salmonids, the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) is the most studied species, whereas the informations about other species of the taxonomic group are lacking. the regional distribution and relative densities of cells belonging to the neuroendocrine system have been in this paper demonstrated in the gut of the brown trout, salmo trutta linnaeus. in the gastric ... | 2004 | 15302266 |
| influence of chronic exposure to treated sewage effluent on the distribution of white blood cell populations in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) spleen. | impairment of immune function in aquatic animals has been proposed as a possible consequence of low-level contamination of surface waters with anthropogenic substances such as through the discharge of wastewater into rivers, lakes, and oceans. the study at hand investigated the effects of chronic (32 weeks) exposure to sewage treatment plant (stp) effluent on the prevalence and distribution of different leucocyte populations in spleen samples of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). to simulate a ... | 2004 | 15310861 |
| qualitative risk assessment of routes of transmission of the exotic fish parasite gyrodactylus salaris between river catchments in england and wales. | gyrodactylus salaris is a freshwater, monogenean ecto-parasite of atlantic-salmon. infection of its natural host, the baltic strain of atlantic-salmon, is inapparent. g. salaris also can infect rainbow-trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) permanently, and cause infection of < or =50 days in several other species. it is only on atlantic stocks of atlantic-salmon (salmo salar) that the parasite multiplies unchecked by an immune response, causes death in juveniles and dramatic reductions in wild populations ... | 2004 | 15325771 |
| transbranchial ammonia gradients and acid-base responses to high external ammonia concentration in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) acclimated to different salinities. | transbranchial ammonia gradients and blood acid-base status have been examined in rainbow trout acclimated to fresh water (fw), 33% sea water (33% sw) and sea water (sw) and exposed to 1.0 mmol l-1 total ammonia (tamm) at ph 7.9 for 24 h. at all three salinities trout maintained large negative (inwardly directed) nh3 and nh4+ gradients throughout the exposure, presumably by active excretion of nh4+ to counteract the passive inward diffusion of ammonia. analysis of blood non-respiratory acid-base ... | 2004 | 1602280 |
| histologic study of head cartilage degeneration in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with the parasite myxobolus cerebralis. | a light microscopy study of head cartilage tissue in rainbow trout alevins (oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with the parasite myxobolus cerebralis showed that, regardless of the presence or absence of whirling disease symptoms such as black tail and whirling swimming due to altered tail and spine morphology, some fish presented large amounts of spores lodged in the head after three months of infection. the spores were located in regions where the cartilage was extensively destroyed. | 2003 | 12974324 |
| distribution and potential role of cytosolic water-soluble phosphodiesters in fish. | the distribution of water-soluble phosphodiesters (wspdes) visible by nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) in some intact tissues of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) and in perchloric extracts after partial purification was examined by (31)p nmr spectroscopy. the compounds of interest were serine ethanolamine phosphate (sep), threonine ethanolamine phosphate (tep), glycerophosphorylcholine (gpc), and glycerophosphorylethanolamine (gpe). tep and sep were mostly accumulated in the heart and ... | 2003 | 13130434 |
| age- and weight-dependent susceptibility of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss to isolates of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) of varying virulence. | the virulence of 5 european and 1 north american isolate of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) was compared by infecting female sibling rainbow trout ('isle of man' strain) of different weights and ages (2, 20 and 50 g). the fish were exposed to 10(4) tcid50 ihnv per ml of water by immersion, and the mortality was recorded for 28 d. two new ihnv isolates from germany were included in the investigation. one was isolated from european eels kept at 23 degrees c (+/- 2 degrees c) and th ... | 2003 | 13677506 |
| in vitro immunomodulating influence of methisoprinol on the head kidney phagocyte and lymphocyte activity after suppression induced by vhsv in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro influence of methisoprinol on head kidney phagocyte and lymphocyte activity after suppression induced by vhsv. the vhsv statistically significantly decreased the respiratory burst activity of head kidney phagocytes and the proliferative response of lymphocytes stimulated by cona. the results of our study showed that methisoprinol at a concentration of 100 microl/ml modulated and restored the phagocyte and lymphocyte activity suppressed by vhsv. | 2003 | 14509364 |
| enhanced resistance of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), against yersinia ruckeri challenge following oral administration of bacillus subtilis and b. licheniformis (bioplus2b). | 2003 | 14513974 | |
| isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in turkey hatchery farms. | three aeromonas salmonicida strains were isolated from the livers of 265 rainbow trouts sampled. the antibiotic susceptibility test results showed that a. salmonicida strains were susceptible to streptomycine and ciprofloxacin. however, they were resistant to amoxycilline + clavulanic acid, penicillin, erythromycine, oxytetracycline and cefuroxime sodium. | 2003 | 14535932 |
| association of flavobacterium psychrophilum with rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) kidney phagocytes in vitro. | the capacity of virulent and non-virulent strains of flavobacterium psychrophilum of different serotypes to associate with isolated rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, 300-500 g) kidney phagocytes was evaluated in vitro. the results showed that f. psychrophilum was associated with the phagocytes but large differences in association were observed between the different bacterial strains examined. these differences in association with the phagocytes was not clearly related to the serotype or virule ... | 2003 | 14550665 |
| the functional characterisation of ck-1, a putative cc chemokine from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | recently a number of cytokine homologs have been cloned in teleost fish, including several that resemble chemokines, but to date few have been confirmed using functional assays. chemokines are a family of cytokines that are able to induce chemotaxis in leucocytes. in this study ck-1, a rainbow trout chemokine, was functionally characterised. recombinant ck-1 is able to attract rainbow trout peripheral blood leucocytes (pbl) in a micro-chemotaxis chamber. a greater number of pbls migrated in resp ... | 2003 | 14550667 |
| immune enhancement in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by potential probiotic bacteria (lactobacillus rhamnosus). | the present study assessed the immune enhancement of fish by a lactic acid bacterium (lab) lactobacillus rhamnosus (atcc 53103). the bacterium was administered orally at five different doses 7.9 x 10(4) (lab4), 2.1 x 10(6) (lab6), 2.8 x 10(8) (lab8), 1.9 x 10(10) (lab10) and 9.7 x 10(10) (lab11) cfu/g feed to rainbow trout for two weeks and the feed was changed to un-supplemented diet. from the onset of feeding supplemented diets at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks, blood and mucus samples were taken. during ... | 2003 | 14550670 |
| role of glutathione redox cycle and catalase in defense against oxidative stress induced by endosulfan in adrenocortical cells of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the role of antioxidants in maintaining the functional integrity of adrenocortical cells during in vitro exposure to endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, was investigated in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). aminotriazole (ata), an inhibitor of catalase (cat), l-buthionine sulfoximine (l-bso), an inhibitor of glutathione (gsh) synthesis, and n-acetyl cysteine (nac), a glutathione precursor, were used to investigate the role of cat and gsh redox cycle in protection against the adrenal toxi ... | 2003 | 14550752 |
| exposure to water from the lower rhine induces a stress response in the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | the water quality of the river rhine has improved in recent years and populations of salmonids are increasing. nevertheless at present, the water from the lower rhine still contains a complex mixture of low levels of many pollutants and it is not known whether exposure to such water is stressful to salmonid fish. for 31 days we continuously exposed the trout oncorhynchus mykiss to water from the lower rhine in the netherlands and measured a variety of physiological, biochemical, and histological ... | 2003 | 14565583 |
| the in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of some sulfonamide derivatives on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase activity. | the in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of 5-(3alpha, 12alpha-dihydroxy-5-beta-cholanamido)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide (1), 5-(3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholanamido)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide (2), 5-(3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha-triacetoxy-5-beta-cholanamido)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide (3) and acetazolamide on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) (rt) erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase (ca) were investigated. the rt erythrocyte ca was obtained by affinity chromatography ... | 2003 | 14567552 |