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development and evaluation of the first high-throughput snp array for common carp (cyprinus carpio).a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) have been identified in common carp (cyprinus carpio) but, as yet, no high-throughput genotyping platform is available for this species. c. carpio is an important aquaculture species that accounts for nearly 14% of freshwater aquaculture production worldwide. we have developed an array for c. carpio with 250,000 snps and evaluated its performance using samples from various strains of c. carpio.201424762296
bioaccumulation and elimination kinetics of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (2'-oh-bde68 and 4-oh-bde90) and their distribution pattern in common carp (cyprinus carpio).hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (oh-pbdes) have attracted wide concerns due to their toxicities and universal presence in wildlife and humans. the relatively high kow values of oh-pbdes imply these compounds may have a significant bioaccumulation potential, but so far, the existing data provide little information regarding the kinetics of uptake and depuration in any organisms. here we exposed common carps separately to two oh-pbdes, 2'-oh-bde68 and 4-oh-bde90, for 30 days (d) in a f ...201424759434
the efficacy of alfaxalone for immersion anesthesia in koi carp (cyprinus carpio).to characterize the physiologic and behavioral effects of a single induction dose and two maintenance doses of alfaxalone delivered by water immersion in the anesthesia of koi (cyprinus carpio).201424754530
tyrosine hydroxylase in the olfactory system, forebrain and pituitary of the indian major carp, cirrhinus cirrhosus: organisation and interaction with neuropeptide y in the preoptic area.dopamine (da) inhibits, whereas gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh) stimulates, luteinisiing (lh) cells in the pituitary of some but not all teleosts. a reduction in the hypophysiotropic dopaminergic tone is necessary for the stimulatory effect of gnrh on lh cells. neuropeptide y (npy) has emerged as one of the potent, endogenous agent that modulates lh secretion directly or indirectly via gnrh. involvement of npy in the regulation of hypophysiotropic da neurones, however, is not known, but t ...201424750502
evaluation of trace metal content by icp-ms using closed vessel microwave digestion in fresh water fish.the objective of the present study was to investigate trace metal levels of different varieties of fresh water fish using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometer after microwave digestion (md-icpms). fish samples were collected from the outlets of twin cities of hyderabad and secunderabad. the trace metal content in different varieties of analyzed fish were ranged from 0.24 to 1.68 mg/kg for chromium in cyprinus carpio and masto symbollon, 0.20 to 7.52 mg/kg for manganese in labeo rohi ...201424744789
the muscle ankyrin repeat proteins carp, ankrd2, and darp are not essential for normal cardiac development and function at basal conditions and in response to pressure overload.ankrd1/carp, ankrd2/arpp, and ankrd23/darp belong to a family of stress inducible ankyrin repeat proteins expressed in striated muscle (marps). the marps are homologous in structure and localized in the nucleus where they negatively regulate gene expression as well as in the sarcomeric i-band, where they are thought to be involved in mechanosensing. together with their strong induction during cardiac disease and the identification of causative ankrd1 gene mutations in cardiomyopathy patients, th ...201424736439
tissue-specific fatty acids response to different diets in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).fish depend on dietary fatty acids (fa) to support their physiological condition and health. exploring the fa distribution in common carp (cyprinus carpio), one of the world's most consumed freshwater fish, is important to understand how and where fa of different sources are allocated. we investigated diet effects on the composition of polar and neutral lipid fatty acids (plfa and nlfa, respectively) in eight different tissues (dorsal and ventral muscle, heart, kidney, intestine, eyes, liver and ...201424733499
the quality of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) cultured in various polish regions.although environmental factors greatly affect the quality of carp meat, no regulations impose labelling the place of cultivation of freshwater fish. that is why the purpose of this study was to determine the quality of carp meat cultivated in several regions of poland as well as to assess the necessity of implementing such regulations.201424728906
metabolic disposition and excretion of quinocetone in rats, pigs, broilers, and carp.excretion, disposition, and metabolism of [(3)h]-quinocetone in rats, pigs, broilers, and carp following oral administration were investigated. after a single p.o. dose, total radioactivity was rapidly excreted, with ⩾94% in all species within 14 days. fecal excretion of radioactivity was 68% and 65% of the administered dose in rats and pigs, respectively, with the remainder excreted in the urine. six hours after the last of seven daily oral administrations of (3)h-labeled qct, radioactivity was ...201424727229
bioavailability of the imidazole antifungal agent clotrimazole and its effects on key biotransformation genes in the common carp (cyprinus carpio).clotrimazole (ctz) is a persistent imidazole antifungal agent which is frequently detected in the aquatic environment and predicted to bio-concentrate in fish. common carp (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to mean measured concentrations of either 1.02 or 14.63μgl(-1) ctz for 4 and 10 days, followed by a depuration period of 4 days in a further group of animals. following each exposure regimen, plasma and liver ctz concentrations were measured. mean measured plasma concentrations of ctz in animals ...201424727216
effects of carbon tetrachloride on oxidative stress, inflammatory response and hepatocyte apoptosis in common carp (cyprinus carpio).in the present study, the cellular and molecular mechanism of carbon tetrachloride (ccl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in fish was investigated by studying the effects of ccl4 on the oxidative stress, inflammatory response and hepatocyte apoptosis. common carp were given an intraperitoneal injection of 30% ccl4 in arachis oil (0.5ml/kg body weight). at 72h post-injection, blood were collected to measure glutamate pyruvate transaminase (gpt), glutamate oxalate transaminase (got), superoxide dismutase ( ...201424721155
taxonomic validity and phylogenetic relationships of a newly-described tooth-carp, aphanius mesopotamicus coad, 2009 (teleostei: cyprinodontidae).variation among complete cytb sequences (1140 bp) of aphanius mesopotamicus coad, 2009 was compared with closely related species, to investigate the validity of this taxon as a newly-described tooth-carp based on morphological characteristics. maximum likelihood and bayesian likelihood trees supported the monophyly of a. mesopotamicus and its sister group relationship to a. sophiae. some 10-16 differences were found when compared to four different population samples of a. sophiae, whereas, intra ...201424871855
carp is a potential tumor suppressor in gastric carcinoma and a single-nucleotide polymorphism in carp gene might increase the risk of gastric carcinoma.the caspase-associated recruitment domain-containing protein (carp) is expressed in almost all tissues. recently, the tumor-suppressive function of carp was discovered and attracted increasing attention. this study aimed to investigate the role of carp in the carcinogenesis of human gastric carcinoma.201424870804
two new species of the tooth-carp aphanius (teleostei: cyprinodontidae) and the evolutionary history of the iranian inland and inland-related aphanius species .two new species of aphanius are described from the kol drainage in southern iran (aphanius darabensis n. sp.) and the endorheic kavir basin in northern iran (a. kavirensis n. sp.), and compared with eight closely related species. aphanius darabensis n. sp. is sister to a. shirini, from which it is distinguished by molecular characters (cytochrome b) and the combination of three morphological characters: 9-18 flank bars in males (vs. 7-10), females with irregular vertical patches of brown color o ...201424869537
screening of endocrine disruption activity in sediments from the uruguay river.sediment constitutes an important sink of endocrine disruptor compounds; however, the potential of sediments to act as a source of endocrine disruptors should be more extensively investigated. the main objective of this study was to determine whether exposure of immature common carp to uruguay river sediments undergo physiological and endocrine alterations. the lower uruguay river watershed supports intensive agricultural and forest production, receives municipal sewage discharge and industrial ...201424802028
eutrophic urban ponds suffer from cyanobacterial blooms: dutch examples.ponds play an important role in urban areas. however, cyanobacterial blooms counteract the societal need for a good water quality and pose serious health risks for citizens and pets. to provide insight into the extent and possible causes of cyanobacterial problems in urban ponds, we conducted a survey on cyanobacterial blooms and studied three ponds in detail. among 3,500 urban ponds in the urbanized dutch province of north brabant, 125 showed cyanobacterial blooms in the period 2009-2012. this ...201424798921
evaluation of biochemical, haematological, and histopathological responses and recovery ability of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) after acute exposure to atrazine herbicide.the aim of study was to evaluate the effect of atrazine exposure (5, 15, 20, and 30 mg·l(-1)) on common carp and the ability of regeneration. during 96 h exposure we observed abnormal behavior in fish exposed to 20 and 30 mg·l(-1). mortality and histological alterations were noticed only in the group exposed to 30 mg·l(-1). most experimental groups showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower values of haemoglobin, haematocrit, leukocyte, and lymphocyte and significantly higher values of monocytes, seg ...201424791011
effects of sodium fluoride on mapks signaling pathway in the gills of a freshwater teleost, cyprinus carpio.exposure to elevated levels of fluoride can cause a variety of adverse effects in fish. previously we showed that fluoride causes injuries and apoptosis in the gills of cyprinus carpio. in this study, the effects of fluoride on caspase-3 activity and on accumulation of proteins in the mapks pathways were evaluated using western blotting and immunohistochemistry methods in vivo and in vitro. in vivo experiments showed that the caspase-3 activity increased with fluoride exposure level in a dose-de ...201424780358
synthesis of (3s,3's)- and meso-stereoisomers of alloxanthin and determination of absolute configuration of alloxanthin isolated from aquatic animals.in order to determine the absolute configuration of naturally occurring alloxanthin, a hplc analytical method for three stereoisomers 1a-c was established by using a chiral column. two authentic samples, (3s,3's)- and meso-stereoisomers 1b and 1c, were chemically synthesized according to the method previously developed for (3r,3'r)-alloxanthin (1a). application of this method to various alloxanthin specimens of aquatic animals demonstrated that those isolated from shellfishes, tunicates, and cru ...201424862182
effects of cyhalothrin-based pesticide on early life stages of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the effects of nexide (a.i. gamma-cyhalothrin 60 g l(-1)) on cumulative mortality, growth indices, and ontogenetic development of embryos and larvae of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) were studied. levels of oxidative stress parameters glutathione reductase (gr), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), catalase (cat), glutathione-s-transferase (gst), and lipid peroxidation were determined. eggs of newly fertilised common carp were exposed to nexide at concentrations 5, 25, 50, 100, and 250  μ g l(-1) (0. ...201424860807
rh versus ph: the role of rhesus glycoproteins in renal ammonia excretion during metabolic acidosis in a freshwater teleost fish.increased renal ammonia excretion in response to metabolic acidosis is thought to be a conserved response in vertebrates. we tested the hypothesis that rhesus (rh) glycoproteins in the kidney of the freshwater common carp, cyprinus carpio, play a crucial role in regulating renal ammonia excretion during chronic metabolic acidosis. exposure to water ph 4.0 (72 h) resulted in a classic metabolic acidosis with reduced plasma arterial ph and [hco3(-)], no change in pco2 and large changes in renal fu ...201424855681
inhibition of the cardiac atp-dependent potassium current by kb-r7943.kb-r7943 (2-[2-[4-(4-nitrobenzyloxy)phenyl]ethyl]isothiourea) was developed as a specific inhibitor of the sarcolemmal sodium-calcium exchanger (ncx) with potential experimental and therapeutic use. however, in cardiomyocytes kb-r7943 also effectively blocks several k(+) currents including the delayed rectifier, ikr, and background inward rectifier, ik1. in the present study we analyze the effects of kb-r7943 on the atp-dependent potassium current (ikatp) recorded by whole-cell patch-clamp in ve ...201424845199
peptide discovery in the ectoparasitic crustacean argulus siamensis: identification of the first neuropeptides from a member of the branchiura.recent advances in high-throughput sequencing have facilitated the generation of large transcriptomic datasets for an ever-growing number of crustaceans, one being the carp louse argulus siamensis. this and other members of the subclass branchiura are obligate fish ectoparasites, and as such, are a major concern for commercial aquaculture. using the extant transcriptome shotgun assembly (tsa) sequences for a. siamensis, 27 transcripts encoding putative neuropeptide precursors were identified, an ...201424842716
feeding common carp cyprinus carpio with β-glucan supplemented diet stimulates c-reactive protein and complement immune acute phase responses following pamps injection.the effect of β-glucan as a feed additive on the serum and gene profile of c-reactive protein (crp) and complement acute phase responses was ascertained in common carp cyprinus carpio. in addition effects of subsequent intraperitoneal injections of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps), i.e. lps or poly(i:c), to mimic bacterial or viral infection respectively, were studied. carp were first orally fed with β-glucan (macrogard®) with a daily β-glucan intake of 6 mg per kg body weight or w ...201424830773
habitat connectivity and resident shared predators determine the impact of invasive bullfrogs on native frogs in farm ponds.habitat connectivity is considered to have an important role on the persistence of populations in the face of habitat fragmentation, in particular, for species with conservation concern. however, it can also impose indirect negative effects on native species through the spread of invasive species. here, we investigated direct and indirect effects of habitat connectivity on populations of invasive bullfrogs and native wrinkled frogs and how these effects are modified by the presence of common car ...201424827433
[determination of 14 pesticide residues in crucian carp using on-line gel permeation chromatography-multi gas chromatography/mass spectrometry].a new method was developed for the determination of pesticide residues in crucian carp using on-line gel permeation chromatography-multi gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gpc-mdgc/ms). the pesticide residues were extracted with cyclohexane-ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v) for twice. after being frozen, the extract was filtered by 0.22 microm member, and then cleaned up and analyzed by online gpc-mdgc/ms. the pesticides were selectively transferred from the 1st column to the 2nd column by means of he ...201424822450
identification and characterization of micrornas in the spleen of common carp immune organ.micrornas (mirnas) play an important role in the regulation of many fundamental biological processes in eukaryotes; however, mirnas associated with immune functions in the common carp have not been reported. in this study, a small-rna cdna library was constructed from the spleen of the common carp. a total of 10,603,456 high-quality clean reads, representing 293,603 unique sequences, were obtained from the small-cdna library using the solexa sequencing. by the bioinformatic analysis, 194 conserv ...201424819892
ontogeny of critical and prolonged swimming performance for the larvae of six australian freshwater fish species.critical (<30 min) and prolonged (>60 min) swimming speeds in laboratory chambers were determined for larvae of six species of australian freshwater fishes: trout cod maccullochella macquariensis, murray cod maccullochella peelii, golden perch macquaria ambigua, silver perch bidyanus bidyanus, carp gudgeon hypseleotris spp. and murray river rainbowfish melanotaenia fluviatilis. developmental stage (preflexion, flexion, postflexion and metalarva) better explained swimming ability than did length, ...201424814314
anti-carp antibodies in two large cohorts of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and their relationship to genetic risk factors, cigarette smoking and other autoantibodies.in rheumatoid arthritis (ra), several genetic risk factors and smoking are strongly associated with the presence of anticitrullinated protein antibodies (acpa), while much less is known about risk factors for acpa-negative ra. antibodies against carbamylated proteins (anti-carp) have been described in both acpa-positive and acpa-negative ra patients. in this study, we have analysed the relationships among anti-carp antibodies, acpa, genetic risk factors (hla-drb1 alleles and ptpn22) and smoking ...201424812286
analysis of the skin transcriptome in two oujiang color varieties of common carp.body color and coloration patterns are important phenotypic traits to maintain survival and reproduction activities. the oujiang color varieties of common carp (cyprinus carpio var. color), with a narrow distribution in zhejiang province of china and a history of aquaculture for over 1,200 years, consistently exhibit a variety of body color patterns. the molecular mechanism underlying diverse color patterns in these variants is unknown. to the practical end, it is essential to develop molecular ...201424603653
carp-1 functional mimetics are a novel class of small molecule inhibitors of malignant pleural mesothelioma cells.malignant pleural mesothelioma (mpm) is an asbestos-related thoracic malignancy that is characterized by late metastases, and resistance to therapeutic modalities. the toxic side-effects of mpm therapies often limit their clinical effectiveness, thus necessitating development of new agents to effectively treat and manage this disease in clinic. carp-1 functional mimetics (cfms) are a novel class of compounds that inhibit growth of diverse cancer cell types. here we investigated mpm cell growth s ...201424598827
image of the month: roe impaction after a carp meal in a woman with gastric banding. 201424594948
organochlorine pesticides and antioxidant enzymes are inversely correlated with liver enzyme gene expression in cyprinus carpio.the present study was designed to investigate the association between levels of organochlorine pesticides (ocps) and liver enzyme responses in cyprinus carpio. fish were caught at three stations in the büyük menderes river (bmr): the origin, the sarayköy station, and the estuary. seventeen ocps were quantified in liver tissue, as well as in river water by gas chromatography (gc)-electron capture detection, and structures were confirmed by negative chemical ionization-gc-mass spectrometry. the ac ...201424583044
discrimination and simultaneous detection of two myxozoan parasites belonging to genus thelohanellus by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.thelohanellus kitauei and thelohanellus hovorkai are myxozoan parasites pathogenic in cyprinid fish especially adult israel carp and common carp. in the present study, the complete 18s rrna-its1-5.8s rrna-its2 sequences of these two thelohanellus species were cloned with primers designed from information from genbank and previous studies. the results revealed that its1 and its2 sequences of t. kitauei and t. hovorkai were clearly distinguished although the 18s rrna regions of the two parasites w ...201424582523
distribution and bioconcentration of endocrine disrupting chemicals in surface water and fish bile of the pearl river delta, south china.the distribution and bioconcentration of endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs) in water, algae, and wild carp bile of the pearl river delta (prd), south china were investigated. 4-tert octylphenol (op), 4-nonylphenol (np), and bisphenol a (bpa) (unit, ng l(-1)) in water were in the ranges of 1-14, 117-865, and 4-377, those (ng g(-1) dry weight) in algae were in the ranges of 2-13, 53-282, and 16-94, and those (ng g(-1)) in carp bile were in the ranges of 14-39, 950-4648, 70-1020, respectively. e ...201424582358
carp, a myostatin-downregulated gene in cfm cells, is a novel essential positive regulator of myogenesis.myostatin, a member of the tgf-β superfamily, has been shown to act as a negative regulator of myogenesis. although its role in myogenesis has been clearly documented through genetic analysis, few gene cascades that respond to myostatin signaling and regulate myogenesis have been characterized, especially in avian species. in a previous study, we screened for such genes in chicken fetal myoblasts (cfms) using the differential display pcr method and found that cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (carp ...201424644428
laboratory biomarkers or imaging in the diagnostics of rheumatoid arthritis?rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a common autoimmune disease in which a heterogeneous course and different pathogenic mechanisms are implicated in chronic inflammation and joint destruction. despite the diagnostic contribution of anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (acpas) and rheumatoid factors, about one-third of ra patients remain seronegative. acpas belong to a heterogeneous family of autoantibodies targeting citrullinated proteins, including myelin-basic protein, several histone prote ...201424642071
serum and ultrastructure responses of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) during long-term exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles.the uptake of nanoparticles by aquatic organisms such as fish has raised concerns about the possible adverse effects of nanoparticles (nps). in this study, we aimed to evaluate the toxicological effects in juvenile common carp exposed to zinc oxide nanoparticles (zno-nps) for 12 weeks. the carp were exposed to 0 (control), 0.1, 0.3, 0.8, and 2.4mg/l of zno-nps under a flow-through exposure system. fish were sampled at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks to test for zinc in the test water and blood, and bioche ...201424632117
complementary dna cloning and functional characterization of cytochrome p450 3a138 in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the full-length sequence of a cytochrome p450 3a 138 (cyp3a138) cdna in common carp was cloned and sequenced. the transcriptional and microsome enzyme activities of cyp3a138 in the fish liver after rifampicin exposure were also determined in this study. the results showed that the full-length cyp3a138 cdna is 1912 base pairs (bp) long and contains an open reading frame of 1551 bp encoding a protein of 517 amino acids. sequence analysis revealed that cyp3a138 is highly conserved in fish. furtherm ...201424623513
ovarian development and related changes in steroid hormones in female wild common carp (cyprinus carpio carpio), from the south-eastern caspian sea.wild common carp (cyprinus carpio carpio) is a native valuable but threatened species from the south-eastern caspian sea in which the endocrine control of its reproduction has not been studied. the objectives of this research were to study the reproductive strategy and changes in steroid hormones during ovarian development. from october 2009 to june 2010, 65 adult females were caught from the golestan coast (iran) and the ovarian histology, and gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices (gsi and hs ...201424621281
metal bioaccumulation in common carp and rudd from the topolnitsa reservoir, bulgaria.concentrations of arsenic (as), cadmium (cd), copper (cu), nickel (ni), lead (pb), and zinc (zn) were determined in water samples and five fish organs (gills, liver, kidney, spleen, and muscle) of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and common rudd (scardinius erythrophthalmus l.) from the topolnitsa reservoir (bulgaria) in three seasons (spring, summer, and autumn). this water ecosystem is located in a copper mining and metallurgical region. water metal concentrations were significantly higher in ...201424620011
prediction of the bioconcentration factor in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) using data from the dietary exposure bioaccumulation fish test.an approach to predicting the bioconcentration factor (bcfpre ) from the predicted uptake rate constant (k1 pre ) and the depuration rate constant measured in the dietary exposure bioaccumulation fish test (k2 dietary ) [bcfpre  = k1 pre /k2 dietary ] is proposed in test guideline 305 of the organization for economic cooperation and development guidelines for testing of chemicals. data were collected on the bcfs of 197 test chemicals from japan's chemical substances control law database. to demo ...201424619947
vaccination of plasmid dna encoding orf81 gene of cj strains of khv provides protection to immunized carp.in order to construct the recombinant plasmid of pires-orf81, the nucleic acid isolated from koi herpes virus-cj (khv-cj) strains was used as a template to insert the orf81 gene fragments amplified by pcr into the pires-neo, a kind of eukaryotic expression vector. using western blotting analysis, it was verified that orf81 gene protein can be expressed correctly by pires-orf81, after mfc cells were transfected. the recombinant plasmid pires-orf81 was set into three immunization dose gradients: 1 ...201424619212
hyperplasia and cellularity changes in igf-1-overexpressing skeletal muscle of crucian carp.the zebrafish skeletal muscle-specific promoter mylz2 was used to cause crucian carp overexpression of the zebrafish igf-1 cdna. in stable transgenic germline f1 progenies, a 5-fold increase in the level of igf-1 in skeletal muscle was observed. evident skeletal muscle hyperplasia was observed in the transgenic fish through histologic analysis. by analyzing the rna sequencing transcriptome of the skeletal muscle of igf-1 transgenic fish and nontransgenic control fish at 15 months of age, 10 966 ...201424617525
carbofuran promotes biochemical changes in carp exposed to rice field and laboratory conditions.effects of carbofuran commercial formulation on oxidative stress parameters were studied in carps (cyprinus carpio) exposed to 50µg/l for 7 and 30 days under rice field and laboratory conditions. thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (tbars) levels were increased in the brain of fish after 7 and 30 days under rice field and laboratory conditions. in the liver and muscle, tbars levels increased after 7 and 30 days under laboratory conditions, whereas in rice field the levels increased only after ...201424507130
validation of biomarkers for loin meat quality (m. longissimus) of pigs.the aim of this study was to validate previously reported associations between microarray gene expression levels and pork quality traits using real-time pcr. meat samples and meat quality data from 100 pigs were collected from a different pig breed to the one tested by microarray (large white versus pietrain) and a different country of origin (denmark versus germany). ten genes (carp, mb, csrp3, tnnc1, vapb, tnni1, hspb1, tnnt1, timp-1, rad-like) were chosen from the original microarray study on ...201424506540
two new and two already known species of genus thelohanellus kudo, 1933 (myxozoa: myxosporea: bivalvulida) infecting indian major carp fishes in punjab wetlands (india).a survey of parasites of freshwater fishes in harike, kanjali and ropar wetland of punjab (india) revealed the presence of two new and two already known myxosporean species belonging to the genus thelohanellus kudo, 1933 parasitizing fins and gills respectively. spores of the first species, t. kalavatae n. sp. measure 11.5 × 4.9 μm, elongately oval in valvular view having rounded blunt anterior end and rounded posterior end with lateral walls almost parallel to each other. polar capsule is globu ...201424505178
uptake and biological effects of synthetic glucocorticoids in common carp (cyprinus carpio).uptake and biological effects of synthetic glucocorticoids (gcs) were analyzed using common carp (cyprinus carpio). fish were exposed to clobetasol propionate (cp) or clobetasone butyrate (cb) individually or in mixture at 1 μg l(-1) for 21 days. bioconcentration factor (bcf) of cb was calculated as 100, and bcf of cp was less than 16. no effects were found in fish erythrocyte and leukocyte numbers and serum glucose levels after exposure to the selected gcs. on the other hand, serum concentratio ...201424492153
levels and trends of pbdes and hbcds in the global environment: status at the end of 2012.in this paper, we have compiled and reviewed the most recent literature, published in print or online from january 2010 to december 2012, relating to the human exposure, environmental distribution, behaviour, fate and concentration time trends of polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbde) and hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) flame retardants, in order to establish their current trends and priorities for future study. more data are now becoming available for remote areas not previously studied, indian oce ...201424486972
immunological effects of paraquat on common carp, cyprinus carpio l.paraquat (pq) is a nonselective worldwide used herbicide and it has been demonstrated to be highly toxic to animals and humans. however, relatively little is known about pq effect on the immune system and histopathology of fish. in the present study, we aimed to determine the lysozyme activities, content of igm, and complement c3 content in the liver, kidney, and spleen of common carp exposed to 1.596 or 3.192 mg/l of pq for 7 d. the results showed that lysozyme activity in the liver, kidney, or ...201424486634
c-fos and c-jun expression in the liver of silver carp and the effect of microcystins.in the present study, c-fos and c-jun cdnas were cloned, and their phylogenetic trees were constructed. the results demonstrate that the full-length c-fos cdna is 1719 bp and contains a 1059-bp open reading frame (orf) encoding 352 amino acids. the c-jun cdna is 1931 bp and contains a 927-bp orf encoding 308 amino acids. moreover, constitutive expression of c-fos and c-jun was detected in all examined tissues of the silver carp using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the live ...201424574083
isomers of dechlorane plus in an aquatic environment in a highly industrialized area in southern china: spatial and vertical distribution, phase partition, and bioaccumulation.dechlorane plus (dp) was determined in aquatic environment including sediment, sediment core, water, and fish species in a highly industrialized area in pearl river delta, south china. dp was analyzed in sediments and water at concentration ranging from 0.08 to 19.4 ng/g dry weight and from 0.24 to 0.78 ng/l, respectively. dp was detected in 80% of fish samples with concentration between undetectable level to 189 ng/g lipid weight. dp levels were significantly higher in the top layer (depth less ...201424568839
organ damage and hepatic lipid accumulation in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) after feed-borne exposure to the mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (don).deoxynivalenol (don) frequently contaminates animal feed, including fish feed used in aquaculture. this study intends to further investigate the effects of don on carp (cyprinus carpio l.) at concentrations representative for commercial fish feeds. experimental feeding with 352, 619 or 953 μg don kg(-1) feed resulted in unaltered growth performance of fish during six weeks of experimentation, but increased lipid peroxidation was observed in liver, head kidney and spleen after feeding of fish wit ...201424566729
gene structure and identification of minimal promoter of pou2 expressed in spermatogonial cells of rohu carp, labeo rohita.mammalian pou5f1 is a known transcriptional regulator involving maintenance of embryonic and spermatogonial stem cells. little is known about teleost pou2, an ortholog of mammalian pou5f1. evidences of discrepancy in expression pattern between fish species were documented. to better understand, we have cloned and characterized pou2 gene of farmed rohu carp, labeo rohita. it contained five exons with an open reading frame of 1419 bp long, translatable to 472 aa. a bipartite dna binding domain ter ...201424566687
herbicide clomazone effects on δ-aminolevulinic acid activity and metabolic parameters in cyprinus carpio.the objective of this study was to investigate δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ala-d) activity and metabolic parameters of cyprinus carpio exposed to clomazone herbicide. fish were exposed 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg l(-1) of clomazone for 192 h. results indicated that δ-ala-d activity was decreased in the gills at concentrations of 5 and 10 mg l(-1). liver glycogen increased, while muscle and gill glycogen levels decreased at 5, 10 and 20 mg l(-1). glucose was increased in the gills and plasma. lactate decre ...201424562457
cooking fish is not effective in reducing exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances.consumption of fish is considered a part of a healthy diet; however, health risks from fish consumption exist due to potential exposure to various contaminants accumulated in fish. cooking fish can reduce exposure to many organic chemicals in fish. similar results have been presented for low levels of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (pfass), a class of contaminants of emerging concern, in grocery store fish. we examined the effectiveness of three cooking methods (i.e., baking, broi ...201424561272
comparative studies of toll-like receptor signalling using zebrafish.zebrafish model systems for infectious disease are increasingly used for the functional analysis of molecular pattern recognition processes. these studies benefit from the high conservation level of all innate immune factors in vertebrates. zebrafish studies are strategically well positioned for this because of the ease of comparisons with studies in other fish species of which the immune system also has been intensively studied, but that are currently still less amendable to detailed genetic or ...201424560981
proteomic analysis of hepatic tissue of cyprinus carpio l. exposed to cyanobacterial blooms in lake taihu, china.with the rapid development of industry and agriculture and associated pollution, the cyanobacterial blooms in lake taihu have become a major threat to aquatic wildlife and human health. in this study, the ecotoxicological effects of cyanobacterial blooms on cage-cultured carp (cyprinus carpio l.) in meiliang bay of lake taihu were investigated. microcystins (mcs), major cyanobacterial toxins, have been detected in carp cultured at different experimental sites of meiliang bay. we observed that th ...201424558380
effects of atrazine and chlorpyrifos on cytochrome p450 in common carp liver.atrazine (atr) and chlorpyrifos (cpf), widely used in agriculture, have resulted in a series of toxicological and environmental problems. we investigated the activities of the biotransformation enzymes ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) and pentoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (prod), total cytochrome p450 (cyp), cyp1a mrna level and level of tissue atr, cpf, and their metabolites in the liver of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) after a 40-d exposure to cpf and atr, alone or in combination, and a 20-d ...201424530164
hazard assessment of metals in invasive fish species of the yamuna river, india in relation to bioaccumulation factor and exposure concentration for human health implications.monitoring of heavy metals was conducted in the yamuna river considering bioaccumulation factor, exposure concentration, and human health implications which showed contamination levels of copper (cu), lead (pb), nickel (ni), and chromium (cr) and their dispersion patterns along the river. largest concentration of pb in river water was 392 μg l(-1); cu was 392 μg l(-1) at the extreme downstream, allahabad and ni was 146 μg l(-1) at midstream, agra. largest concentration of cu was 617 μg kg(-1), n ...201424526612
cadmium accumulation in gill, liver, kidney and muscle tissues of common carp, cyprinus carpio, and nile tilapia, oreochromis niloticus.accumulation of cadmium in gill, liver, muscle and kidney tissues of cyprinus carpio and oreochromis niloticus were investigated in fish exposed to 0.5 ppm cadmium over 1, 15 and 30 days under controlled laboratory conditions. tissue accumulation of the metal was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometric techniques. cadmium accumulation in gill, liver, kidney and muscle, tissues of c. carpio and o. niloticus exposed to metal for 1, 15 and 30 days increased significantly compared with t ...201424526282
β-glucan-supplemented diets increase poly(i:c)-induced gene expression of mx, possibly via tlr3-mediated recognition mechanism in common carp (cyprinus carpio).we have previously observed that in common carp (cyprinus carpio), administration of β-glucan (macrogard®) as feed additive leads to a lower expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines suggesting that this immunostimulant may be preventing an acute and potentially dangerous response to infection, particularly in the gut. however, in general, mechanisms to detect and eliminate pathogens must also be induced in order to achieve an efficient clearance of the infection. protection against viral disease ...201424370748
identification of antibiotic resistance cassettes in class 1 integrons in aeromonas spp. strains isolated from fresh fish (cyprinus carpio l.).forty-six aeromonas spp. strains were isolated from fresh fish and investigated for their antimicrobial susceptibility, detection of class 1 integrons by pcr, and arrangement of gene cassettes. selected isolates were further characterized by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-pcr. twenty isolates were found to carry class 1 integrons. amplification of the variable regions of the integrons revealed diverse bands ranging in size from 150 to 1,958 pb. sequence analysis of the variable ...201424370627
mapping quantitative trait loci (qtl) for body weight, length and condition factor traits in backcross (bc1) family of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).body weight and length are economical important traits in aquaculture species influenced by quantitative trait loci (qtl) and environmental factors. in this study, a backcross (bc1) common carp family, with 86 progeny, was utilized to construct genetic map for preliminary qtl mapping. the genetic map was constructed with 366 markers, including 191 snp from gene, coverage 50 linkage groups with an average marker distance of 18.5 cm. a total of fourteen qtls associated with body weight (bw), body ...201424368591
the combined toxicity assessment of carp (cyprinus carpio) acetylcholinesterase activity by binary mixtures of chlorpyrifos and four other insecticides.mixtures of organophosphate (op) and carbamate (cb) insecticides are commonly detected in freshwater habitats. these insecticides inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase (ache) and have potential to interfere with behaviors that may be essential for survival of species. although the effects of individual anticholinesterase insecticides on aquatic species have been studied for decades, the combined toxicity of mixtures is still poorly understood. in the present study, we assessed whether pes ...201424363216
parasites of commercially important fish from lake naivasha, rift valley, kenya.in lake naivasha, the common carp cyprinus carpio l. 1758 was accidentally introduced from fish farms adjacent to river malewa in 1999 and now forms the bulk of the total fish caught. since its introduction, no study has been made on its parasitic community nor are there any reports on ectoparasites from other fish species in this lake to the best of our knowledge. therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the parasitic community of c. carpio and two other commercially important fish spec ...201424407916
characterization and dietary regulation of oligopeptide transporter (pept1) in different ploidy fishes.the oligopeptide transporter (pept1) is located on the brush-border membrane of the intestinal epithelium which has been regarded as a mediator of protein absorption. here, we cloned and characterized pept1 genes from diploid (red crucian carp), triploid and tetraploid fish. then, the pept1 expression pattern in different tissues and embryogenesis were assayed. meanwhile, using real-time pcr and western blotting, we showed the expression profiles of diets with different protein levels, protein s ...201424406900
coping with continual danger: assessing alertness to visual disturbances in crucian carp following long-term exposure to chemical alarm signals.chemical alarm signals in fish are passively released into the water from ruptured epidermal cells, and induce instant fright responses in conspecifics. fish also display alarm responses to injured heterospecific skin, as well as to scent of piscivorous predators that have ingested prey. a conspicuous alertness to visual disturbances has also been observed in fish following long-term exposure to extracts of filtered, homogenized skin, but the chemical inducers of such vigilance are actually unkn ...201424398068
transferability of oxytetracycline (otc) from feed to carp muscle and evaluation of the antibiotic effects on antioxidant systems in liver and kidney.oxytetracycline (otc) is employed in fish farms to contest or prevent bacterial infections. we simulated an otc treatment at therapeutic level (75 mg kg(-1)) and at higher doses (150, 300 mg kg(-1)) for 10 days. a withdrawal period of 10 days was considered for treated carp, carrying out the same chemical and biochemical analyses (total glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione s-transferase and malondialdehyde). the aim was to obtain ...201424390127
effect of ibuprofen exposure on blood, gill, liver, and brain on common carp (cyprinus carpio) using oxidative stress biomarkers.although trace concentrations of ibuprofen (ibp) have been detected in diverse water bodies, there is currently insufficient information on the potentially deleterious effects of this xenobiotic. the present study aimed to determine whether ibp induces oxidative stress in brain, liver, gill, and blood of the common carp cyprinus carpio. to this end, the median lethal concentration at 96 h (96-h lc50) was determined and the lowest observed adverse effect level was established. carp were exposed t ...201424390115
use of oxidative stress biomarkers in cyprinus carpio l. for the evaluation of water pollution in ataturk dam lake (adiyaman, turkey).adiyaman city, which is located in the north of the ataturk dam lake, has no wastewater purification facilities which results in municipal, agricultural, and industrial wastewater discharges directly entering the reservoir. to assess the pollution in the dam lake, we used several oxidative stress biomarkers in blood tissue of cyprinus carpio. fish samples were taken from sitilce, polluted area by untreated wastewaters, and samsat, relatively clean area, in the reservoir in august 2012. the activ ...201424381981
molecular characterization and functional analysis of traf6 in orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides).tumor necrosis factor receptor (tnfr)-associated factor 6 (traf6) is a crucial signal transducer in both the tnfr superfamily and toll-like receptor/interleukin 1r family. although significant progress has been made in clarifying the role of traf6 in mammals, the function of traf6 in fish is still poorly understood. in this study, we cloned the orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) traf6 (ectraf6) cdna, with an open reading frame of 1713bp encoding 570 amino acids. sequence analysis indi ...201424378225
food poisonings by ingestion of cyprinid fish.raw or dried gallbladders of cyprinid fish have long been ingested as a traditional medicine in the asian countries, particularly in china, for ameliorating visual acuity, rheumatism, and general health; however, sporadic poisoning incidences have occurred after their ingestion. the poisoning causes complex symptoms in patients, including acute renal failure, liver dysfunction, paralysis, and convulsions of limbs. the causative substance for the poisoning was isolated, and its basic properties w ...201424476713
toxicity of phthalate esters exposure to carp (cyprinus carpio) and antioxidant response by biomarker.to study the toxic effects of phthalate esters on the aquatic creatures, carps were exposed to dibutyl phthalate (dbp) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (dehp) of six different concentrations for 96 h-lc50 measurements. it shows that the 96 h-lc50 is 16.30 and 37.95 mg l(-1), thus the safe concentration (1/10lc(50)) is 1.63 mg l(-1). the activities of xanthine oxidase (xod) and catalase (cat) were measured in liver to carp exposure for single or combinations of dbp and dehp. the quantity of malonic ...201424468924
using structured expert judgment to assess invasive species prevention: asian carp and the mississippi-great lakes hydrologic connection.recently, authors have theorized that invasive species prevention is more cost-effective than control in protecting ecosystem services. however, quantification of the effectiveness of prevention is rare because experiments at field scales are expensive or infeasible. we therefore used structured expert judgment to quantify the efficacy of 17 proposed strategies to prevent asian carp invasion of the laurentian great lakes via the hydrologic connection between the mississippi and great lakes water ...201424467555
effects of dietary microencapsulated sodium butyrate on growth, intestinal mucosal morphology, immune response and adhesive bacteria in juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio) pre-fed with or without oxidised oil.the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different dietary sustained-release microencapsulated sodium butyrate (msb) products (0 (non-supplement), 1·5 and 3·0 h) for a control or oxidised soyabean oil (sbo) diet on fish production, intestinal mucosal condition, immunity and intestinal bacteria in juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio). dietary msb increased weight gain and reduced the feed conversion ratio within the control and oxidised sbo groups. gut mucosa was damaged i ...201424774835
assessment of microcystin concentration in carp and catfish: a case study from lakshmikund pond, varanasi, india.the present study was conducted to analyse microcystin concentrations in lakshmikund pond, varanasi, india, as well as in carp and catfish of the pond. the concentrations of microcystin were found well above the who guidelines (1 µg/l) both for the dissolved and particulate fractions of bloom samples. the microcystin concentrations in different organs of carp and catfish were in the following sequence; liver > gut > kidney > gall bladder > gills > muscles and gut > liver > kidney > gall bladder ...201424771133
assessment of microwave cooking on the bioaccessibility of cadmium from various food matrices using an in vitro digestion model.bioaccessibility represents the maximum amount of pollutant ingested with food that is available for intestinal absorption. the measurement of bioaccessibility can achieve a more accurate risk assessment. thus, in this study, the bioaccessibility of raw/microwave-cooked store-bought food including carrot, potato, white radish, lotus root, sweet corn, long grain rice, soybean, fleshy prawn, eastern oyster, kelp, and common carp were investigated by applying an in vitro digestion method. a validat ...201424958019
molecular characterization and expression of type-i interferon gene in labeo rohita.genes coding for type-i interferon (i-ifn) has been cloned from labeo rohita, a commercially important and widely cultured fish in india and south east asia. in the present study, full-length gene of i-ifn was amplified and sequenced. the sequence analysis revealed that i-ifn consists of 1,786 bp genomic sequence with four introns and five exons and an orf of 546 bp encoding for a putative protein of 181 amino acids. the mature protein has a molecular weight of 18.97 kda and consists of 158 amin ...201424449367
protective effects of propolis on cryopreservation of common carp (cyprinus carpio) sperm.cryopreservation of sperm is common procedures in aquaculture, particularly used for routine in artificial insemination. however, these application cause damages and adversely affected sperm motility, viability and consequently lower hatching rates. the objective of this study is to determine whether propolis has an effect on cryopreservation and fertilization ability and to investigate the potential protective effect of propolis on spermatozoa of cyprinus carpio. many studies have been done in ...201424440871
antioxidant effects of propolis on carp cyprinus carpio exposed to arsenic: biochemical and histopathologic findings.propolis, a resinous material produced by worker bees from the leaf buds and exudates of plants, is reported to possess various therapeutic properties. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of propolis on biochemical parameters and histopathologic findings in carp cyprinus carpio l. exposed to arsenic. a sublethal concentration of arsenic (0.01 mg l-1) and/or 10 mg l-1 propolis were administered to fish for 1 wk. catalase (cat) activities and malondialdehyde (mda) levels were dete ...201424695237
disulfiram suppresses growth of the malignant pleural mesothelioma cells in part by inducing apoptosis.dithiocarbamate compound disulfiram (dsf) that binds with copper and functions as an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase is a food and drug administration approved agent for treatment of alcoholism. copper complexed dsf (dsf-cu) also possesses anti-tumor and chemosensitizing properties; however, its molecular mechanisms of action remain unclear. here we investigated malignant pleural mesothelioma (mpm) suppressive effects of dsf-cu and the molecular mechanisms involved. dsf-cu inhibited growth o ...201424690739
characterization of carp seminal plasma proteome in relation to blood plasma.the present study for the first time characterizes a diverse cohort of carp seminal and blood plasma proteins using the combination of protein fractionation by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. using this approach, we identified 137 proteins in carp seminal plasma and 88 proteins in carp blood plasma, most of which were newly identified in fish. transferrin, serine proteinase inhibitors, apolipoprotein ...201424434589
gastrointestinal absorption, dynamic tissue-specific accumulation, and isomer composition of dechlorane plus and related analogs in common carp by dietary exposure.dechlorane plus (dp) is a high-productive volume substance which had been identified as ubiquitous pollutant and has been widely detected in biota. in the present study, common carp (cyprinus carpio) was exposed to known amounts of commercial dp-25 under laboratory conditions. the gastrointestinal absorption and tissue-specific bioaccumulation of dp and its dechlorinated analogs in common carp were investigated. the higher absorption efficiencies but lower assimilation efficiencies of anti-isome ...201424433788
response of carp (cyprinus carpio) horizontal cells to heterochromatic flicker photometry.the objective of the present work was to determine the interaction of cone inputs in the response of horizontal cells using heterochromatic flicker photometry (hfp). intracellular electrophysiological recordings were made in horizontal cells of isolated retinae of carp maintained in physiological solution, with the receptor side up. sharp glass microelectrodes filled with 3 m kcl solution with resistances between 100 and 120 m omega were used. stimuli comprised six cycles of two 6-hz sinusoidal ...201416961977
resistance of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) to oxidative stress after chloramine-t treatment is increased by microalgae carotenoid-rich diet.in fish aquaculture, disinfectants are used against bacterial and protozoal infections. these compounds cause oxidative stress that may stimulate the generation of reactive oxygen species, and subsequently the alteration in antioxidant systems of exposed organisms. antioxidants like carotenoids present in microalgae increase carp resistance to oxidative stress after chemical treatment.201425638369
alfaxalone as an intramuscular injectable anesthetic in koi carp (cyprinus carpio).fish are commonly anesthetized with ms-222 (tricaine methanesulfonate), a sodium-channel-blocker used as an immersion anesthetic, but its mechanism of action as a general anesthetic is uncertain. alfaxalone is a neurosteroid that acts at the gaba(a) receptors. alfaxalone has been evaluated and was deemed successful as an immersion agent in koi carp. alfaxalone is an effective intramuscular anesthetic in multiple species. a reliable intramuscular anesthetic in fish would be useful in multiple set ...201425632673
dbc1/ccar2 and ccar1 are largely disordered proteins that have evolved from one common ancestor.deleted in breast cancer 1 (dbc1, ccar2, kiaa1967) is a large, predominantly nuclear, multidomain protein that modulates gene expression by inhibiting several epigenetic modifiers, including the deacetylases sirt1 and hdac3, and the methyltransferase suv39h1. dbc1 shares many highly conserved protein domains with its paralog cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 1 (ccar1, carp-1). in this study, we examined the full-length sequential and structural properties of dbc1 and ccar1 from multiple species ...201425610865
improved methods for capture, extraction, and quantitative assay of environmental dna from asian bigheaded carp (hypophthalmichthys spp.).indirect, non-invasive detection of rare aquatic macrofauna using aqueous environmental dna (edna) is a relatively new approach to population and biodiversity monitoring. as such, the sensitivity of monitoring results to different methods of edna capture, extraction, and detection is being investigated in many ecosystems and species. one of the first and largest conservation programs with edna-based monitoring as a central instrument focuses on asian bigheaded carp (hypophthalmichthys spp.), an ...201425474207
caffeine-induced ca(2+) oscillations in type i horizontal cell of carp retina: a mathematical model.oscillations in intracellular free ca(2+) concentration ([ca(2+)]i) have been observed in a variety of cell types. in the present study, we constructed a mathematical model to simulate the caffeine-induced [ca(2+)]i oscillations based on experimental data obtained from isolated type i horizontal cell of carp retina. the results of model analysis confirm the notion that the caffeine-induced [ca(2+)]i oscillations involve a number of cytoplasmic and endoplasmic ca(2+) processes that interact with ...201425483284
[effect of serotonin-modulated anticonsolidation protein on formation of long-term memory in carps cyprinus carpio in the model of active avoidance learning].effect of serotonin-modulated anticonsolidation protein (smap) that has property of disturbing formation of memory trace in mammals and of learning and memory in teleost fish was studied in the model of active avoidance learning. the experiment was performed in three stages: (1) fry of carps cyprinus carpio l. was injected intracerebrovenricularly with the smap protein at a dose of 0.3 μg/g; control individuals were administered with equal amount of the buffered saline for poikilothermic animals ...201425486805
novel single nucleotide polymorphisms of the insulin-like growth factor-i gene and their associations with growth traits in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) plays an important role in the growth and development of vertebrates. to study polymorphisms of igf-i, we screened a total of 4555 bp of genomic sequences in four exons and partial introns for the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) in common carp (cyprinus carpio). three snps (g.3759t>g, g.7627t>a and g.7722t>c) in intron 2 and a nonsynonymous snp (g.7892c>t) in exon 3 were identified in a pilot population including random parents and their pro ...201425486058
[effect of serotonin-modulated anticonsolidation protein on formation of long-term memory in carps cyprinus carpio in the model of active avoidance learning].effect of serotonin-modulated anticonsolidation protein (smap) that has property of disturbing formation of memory trace in mammals and of learning and memory in teleost fish was studied in the model of active avoidance learning. the experiment was performed in three stages: (1) fry of carps cyprinus carpio l. was injected intracerebrovenricularly with the smap protein at a dose of 0.3 μg/g; control individuals were administered with equal amount of the buffered saline for poikilothermic animals ...201425508936
disturbance in z-disk mechanosensitive proteins induced by a persistent mutant myopalladin causes familial restrictive cardiomyopathy.familial restrictive cardiomyopathy (frcm) has a poor prognosis due to diastolic dysfunction and restrictive physiology (rp). myocardial stiffness, with or without fibrosis, underlie rp, but the mechanism(s) of restrictive remodeling is unclear. myopalladin (mypn) is a messenger molecule that links structural and gene regulatory molecules via translocation from the z-disk and i-bands to the nucleus in cardiomyocytes. expression of n-terminal mypn peptide results in severe disruption of the sarco ...201425541130
genome wide identification, phylogeny and expression of zinc transporter genes in common carp.zinc is an essential trace element in organisms, which serves as a cofactor for hundreds of enzymes that are involved in many pivotal biological processes including growth, development, reproduction and immunity. therefore, the homeostasis of zinc in the cell is fundamental. the zinc transporter gene family is a large gene family that encodes proteins which regulate the movement of zinc across cellular and intracellular membranes. however, studies on teleost zinc transporters are mainly limited ...201425551462
[prevalence of sensitization to allergens in 1 139 patients with allergic rhinitis in zhengzhou area].to investigate the main allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in zhengzhou district.201425567444
[the cloning of hif-2α gene and hydroxylation assay of hif-2α odd domain in naked carp from qinghai lake]. 201425571630
the relationship between the distribution of common carp and their environmental dna in a small lake.although environmental dna (edna) has been used to infer the presence of rare aquatic species, many facets of this technique remain unresolved. in particular, the relationship between edna and fish distribution is not known. we examined the relationship between the distribution of fish and their edna (detection rate and concentration) in a lake. a quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay for a region within the cytochrome b gene of the common carp (cyprinus carpio or 'carp'), an ubiquitous invasive fish, w ...201425383965
effect of butylated hydroxytoluene (bht) on the cryopreservation of common carp (cyprinus carpio) spermatozoa.the aim of the present study was to test the effects of butylated hydroxytoluene (bht) on the cryopreservation of common carp spermatozoa. bht is widely used in the cryopreservation of the spermatozoa of different animal species and successfully sustains the characteristics of spermatozoa during freezing and thawing, but it has not previously been used with fish. after sampling, common carp spermatozoa were diluted with an extender composed of modified kurokura's extender, 10% dmso, and 10% egg ...201425459081
physiologic and biochemical assessments of koi (cyprinus carpio) following immersion in propofol.to determine efficacy of propofol as an immersion agent to induce general anesthesia in koi (cyprinus carpio).201425406710
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