Publications

concentrations of pentachlorophenol (pcp) in fish and shrimp in jiangsu province, china.	pentachlorophenol (pcp) concentrations were determined in 55 samples of fish, shrimp, crabs, frogs and turtles collected in jiangsu province and 55 freshwater shrimp samples collected from the huiming fish market, nanjing, china between 2003 and 2004. pcp concentrations ranged from less than the method detection limit (mdl: 0.5 microg/kg ww) to 61 microg/kg ww, with a mean of 5.2 microg/kg ww in 55 samples collected across jiangsu province and a mean of 0.5 microg/kg ww for freshwater shrimp col ...	2007	17537482
toxicity of hc orange no. 1 to daphnia magna, zebrafish (brachydanio rerio) embryos, and goldfish (carassius auratus).	hc orange no. 1 (hco1; 2-nitro-4'-hydroxydiphenylamine) (cas no. 54381-08-7) is used as a color additive in hair dyes and can be released into aquatic environments in wastewater. in this paper, the effects of hco1 on aquatic organisms were studied using a battery of toxicological tests. these included measuring immobilization of daphnia magna, inhibition of zebrafish embryo development, and acute lethality in zebrafish and goldfish, which are different species belonging to different trophic leve ...	2007	17084436
pcb levels and accumulation patterns in waterbird eggs and in their prey at lake kerkini, a north-eastern mediterranean wetland of international importance.	seven "target" pcb levels were determined and compared in waterbird eggs, in their prey, and in water at lake kerkini, northern greece, to investigate pcb bioaccumulation patterns and to define the best bioindicator of target pcbs for this area. pcbs were analysed from eggs of phalacrocorax carbo, podiceps cristatus, ardea cinerea, egretta garzetta, and nycticorax nycticorax and from prey types alburnus alburnus, rutilus rutilus, lepomis gibbosus. carassius auratus, and rana sp. pcbs analysed we ...	2007	17549546
in situ studies on physiological and biochemical responses of four fishes with different trophic levels to toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a large chinese lake.	physiological and biochemical responses of four fishes with different trophic levels to toxic cyanobacterial blooms were studied in a large net cage in meiliang bay, a hypereutrophic region of lake taihu. we sampled four fishes: the phytoplanktivorous hypophthalmichthys molitrix and aristichthys nobilis, the omnivorous carassius auratus, and the carnivorous culter ilishaeformis. alterations of the antioxidant (gsh) and the major antioxidant enzymes (cat, sod, gpx, gst) in livers were monitored m ...	2007	17572463
the innate immune response to grass carp hemorrhagic virus (gchv) in cultured carassius auratus blastulae (cab) cells.	virus infection of mammalian cells activates an innate antiviral immune response characterized by production of interferon (ifn) and the subsequent transcriptional upregulation of ifn-stimulated genes (isgs) by the jak-stat signaling pathway. here, we report that a fish cell line, crucian carp (carassius auratus l.) blastulae embryonic (cab) cells, can produce ifn activity and then form an antiviral state after infection with uv-inactivated grass carp hemorrhagic virus (gchv), a double-stranded ...	2007	16887185
study of the spinal cords of the sturgeon acipenser schrenckii, gar lepisosteus oculatus, and goldfish carassius auratus by morphological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical approaches.	little is known about the spinal cords of phylogenetically ancient actinopterygeans. the spinal cords of the chondrostean acipenser schrenckii (amur sturgeon), holostean lepisosteus oculatus (spotted gar), and teleost carassius auratus (goldfish) were, therefore, analyzed by immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. morphology showed numerous similarities between sturgeons and gars. in both, a dorsal column between the two dorsal horns was lacking, giving ...	2007	17868134
stimulation effect of lithium on the metabolic activity of liver tissue mitochondria measured by microcalorimetry.	the effect of li(i) on the metabolism of mitochondria isolated from carassius auratus liver tissue was investigated by microcalorimetric method to provide evidence for mitochondria hypothesis of bipolar disorder (bpd) and to explore therapeutic mechanism of drug for treatment of bpd. obvious stimulation induced by li(i) on mitochondria metabolism was reflected by power-time (p-t) curves. the power-time curves of hepatic mitochondria metabolism without li(i) could be divided into four parts: lag ...	2006	17205999
initial sexual maturity and fecundity of the goldfish carassius auratus (perciformes: cyprynidae) under semi-controlled conditions.	we studied the time of initial sexual maturity and the fecundity of the goldfish carassius auratus under semi-controlled conditions. during the study the water temperature fluctuated from 21 to 30 degrees c, the ph between 7 and 8, and the dissolved oxygen between 5.5 and 7 ppm. sixty days old juvenile fish received prophylactic treatments of brackish water (15 per thousand) and methylene blue baths (1%), and they were fed with live daphnia magna. the initial sexual maturity occurred between 225 ...	2006	18457147
investigation of de novo cholesterol synthetic capacity in the gonads of goldfish (carassius auratus) exposed to the phytosterol beta-sitosterol.	total and intra-mitochondrial gonadal cholesterol concentrations are decreased in fish exposed to the phytoestrogen beta-sitosterol (beta-sit). the present study examined the potential for beta-sit to disrupt de novo cholesterol synthesis in the gonads of goldfish exposed to 200 microgram/g beta-sit and 10 microgram/g 17beta-estradiol (e2; estrogenic control) by intra-peritoneal silastic implants for 21 days. the de novo cholesterol synthetic capacity was estimated by incubating gonadal tissue w ...	2006	17118198
triploid origin of the gibel carp as revealed by 5s rdna localization and chromosome painting.	5s ribosomal dna (rdna) was isolated and sequenced from the gibel carp carassius auratus gibelio with 162 chromosomes and crucian carp carassius auratus with 100 chromosomes, and fluorescent probes for chromosome localization were prepared to ascertain the ploidy origin and evolutionary relationship between the two species. using fluorescence in-situ hybridization (fish), major 5s rdna signals were localized to the short arms of three subtelocentric chromosomes in the gibel carp and to the short ...	2006	17115331
correlation of c-start behaviors with neural activity recorded from the hindbrain in free-swimming goldfish (carassius auratus).	startle behaviors in teleost fishes are well suited for investigations of mechanisms of sensorimotor integration because the behavior is quantifiable and much of the underlying circuitry has been identified. the teleost c-start is triggered by an action potential in one of the two mauthner (m) cells. to correlate c-start behavior with electrophysiology, extracellular recordings were obtained from the surface of the medulla oblongata in the hindbrain, close to the m-axons, in freely swimming gold ...	2006	17114411
regulative mechanism of ce3+ relieves dna damage caused by cd2+ in the kidney of silver crucian carp.	the mechanism of cd2+ on the dna cleavage and ce3+ on the dna repair in the kidney of silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) is investigated by agarose gel electrophoresis methods and assaying biochemical indexes. it proves that cd2+ induces the classical laddering degradation of dna in vivo, but dna cleavage is repaired after injecting with a low ce3+ concentration under various cd2+ concentrations. the dna cleavage caused by cd2+ is the result of the activation of deoxyribonuclease (d ...	2006	17194924
comparative studies on histological and ultra-structure of the pituitary of different ploidy level fishes.	the histological and ultra-structure of the pituitary in diploid red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var.), triploid crucian carp and allotetraploid hybrids within and after the breeding season were comparatively studied. the result showed that there were six endocrine cell types in the pituitary of these three kinds of fishes, and there was an obvious difference in cell size among different ploidy level fishes. as for the same type of pituitary cells, the cell size was increased gradually w ...	2006	17172051
anatomical and functional recovery of the goldfish (carassius auratus) ear following noise exposure.	fishes can regenerate lateral line and inner ear sensory hair cells that have been lost following exposure to ototoxic antibiotics. however, regenerative capabilities following noise exposure have not been explored in fish. moreover, nothing is known about the functional relationship between hair cell damage and hearing loss, or the time course of morphological versus functional recovery in fishes. this study examines the relationship between hair cell damage and physiological changes in auditor ...	2006	17050834
stimulatory effect of n-octanoylated ghrelin on locomotor activity in the goldfish, carassius auratus.	ghrelin is implicated in growth and feeding regulation in fish. the influence of ghrelin on behavior has not been well studied and the physiological role of des-fatty acid modification of this peptide is unclear. therefore, the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) and intraperitoneal (ip) administration of synthetic n-octanoylated (acyl) goldfish ghrelin and des-n-octanoylated (des-acyl) ghrelin on locomotor and orexigenic activity in the goldfish were examined. icv administration of acyl gh ...	2006	16297501
effects of amylin on feeding of goldfish: interactions with cck.	in mammals, amylin (amy) is a peptide that is secreted from the pancreas in response to a meal. amy inhibits food intake and may also contribute to the anorectic effects of the brain-gut peptide cholecystokinin (cck). in this study, we assessed the role of amy in the regulation of food intake in goldfish (carassius auratus) and its interactions with cck. fish were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with mammalian amy and intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) with mammalian amy, alone or in combinati ...	2006	16239037
neural responses of goldfish lateral line afferents to vortex motions.	the lateral line system of fish is sensitive to weak water motions. we recorded from posterior lateral line nerve afferents while stimulating goldfish, carassius auratus, with unidirectional water flow and with a vortex ring. posterior lateral line afferents of goldfish were either flow sensitive or flow insensitive. both types of afferents responded to a vortex ring that passed the fish laterally with one to three reproducible patterns of neural activity, followed by activity patterns that were ...	2006	16391355
gill and liver histopathological changes in yellow perch (perca flavescens) and goldfish (carassius auratus) exposed to oil sands process-affected water.	the extraction of bitumen from the athabasca oil sands (alberta, canada) produces significant volumes of process-affected water containing elevated levels of naphthenic acids (nas), ions, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs). the sublethal response of aquatic organisms exposed to oil sands constituents in experimental aquatic environments that represent possible reclamation options has been studied. in this study, the effects of process-affected waters on gill and liver tissues in yellow ...	2006	15964628
distribution characteristics of polychlorinated biphenyls in crucian carp (carassius auratus) from major rivers in korea.	polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) levels in crucian carp were determined at 20 locations along four major river systems, several small-scale rivers and a wetland in korea. twenty-eight congeners, ranging from tri- to hepta-cbs were detected. a gas chromatograph with a mass selective detector was used to quantify the individual pcb congeners. the objectives of this study were to investigate the levels of contamination of pcbs in freshwater fish and to observe the pattern of their distribution. the ...	2006	15964051
cloning and characterization of a pac1 receptor hop-1 splice variant in goldfish (carassius auratus).	in several vertebrates, it has been demonstrated that alternative splicing of pac1 receptor (pac1-r) transcripts can generate a number of functional receptor variants which utilize different signal transduction pathways to mediate their activities. as pacap is a physiological growth hormone-releasing factor in fish, and pacap and the pac1-r are highly conserved in vertebrate evolution, it would be of interest to investigate the structure and cellular distribution, particularly in the pituitary, ...	2006	16225877
investigation of long-term stress induced by several stressors by determination of the concentration of different blood plasma components in a model of prussian carp (carassius auratus gibelio bloch, 1783) and common carp (cyprinus carpio l., 1758).	several compounds (carbohydrates, proteins, hormones, etc.) were used in fish to quantify the level of stress. our investigations focused on two parameters of the blood plasma: plasma glucose and serum/plasma fructosamine (sefa) that has not been tested on fish as yet. experiments were conducted on two fish species. the concentrations of these components were investigated on common carp (cyprinus carpio l., 1758) and on prussian carp (carassius auratus gibelio bloch, 1783) from the gödöllö-isasz ...	2006	17048694
neuropeptide y mediates ghrelin-induced feeding in the goldfish, carassius auratus.	intracerebroventricular (icv) and intraperitoneal (ip) administration of n-octanoic acid-modified ghrelin stimulates food intake in the goldfish. we examined the involvement of neuropeptide y (npy) in the orexigenic action of ghrelin using a npy y1-receptor antagonist, bibp-3226. food intake induced by icv or ip injection of ghrelin was suppressed by icv preinjection of bibp-3226 for 1 h. we then examined whether ghrelin affects the expression of npy mrna in the goldfish brain using a real-time ...	2006	16979293
molecular cloning of cdna encoding apc11, a catalytic component of anaphase-promoting-complex (apc/c), from goldfish (carassius auratus), and establishment of in vitro ubiquitinating system.	destruction of cyclin b is required for exit from mitosis and meiosis. a cyclin-degrading system, including anaphase-promoting-complex/cyclosome (apc/c), has been shown to be responsible for cyclin b destruction. here we present the cloning, sequencing, and expression analysis of goldfish (carassius auratus) apc11, which encodes the catalytic component of apc/c from goldfish ovary. the cloned cdna is 348 bp long and encodes 88 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence is highly homologous to ...	2006	16971785
the effect of aromatase inhibitor, fadrozole, on sgnrha stimulated lh secretion in goldfish (carassius auratus) and common carp (cyprinus carpio).	the aromatase inhibitor, fadrozole, was applied to common carp and goldfish in order to examine its ability to increase the spontaneous and sgnrha stimulated lh secretion. first, trials in goldfish in 2003 showed fadrozole's moderate ability to potentiate sgnrha-stimulated lh secretion. however, this ability was much weaker than that obtained with dopamine antagonist, pimozide. there was no ovulation in fadrozole-treated fish. several experiments on goldfish and carp during the two consecutive y ...	2006	16967099
swimming performance and energy metabolism of rainbow trout, common carp and gibel carp respond differently to sublethal copper exposure.	we compared the effects of sublethal waterborne copper exposure on swimming performance and respiration rates in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, with those in less sensitive cyprinid species such as common carp, cyprinus carpio, and gibel carp, carassius auratus gibelio. these cyprinids are considerably more resistant to cu intoxication, and differ from trout in swimming performance and respiratory behaviour. critical swimming speed (u(crit)), oxygen consumption, plasma ammonia and muscle am ...	2006	16956679
gene expression profiling in the neuroendocrine brain of male goldfish (carassius auratus) exposed to 17alpha-ethinylestradiol.	17-alpha ethinylestradiol (ee2), a pharmaceutical estrogen, is detectable in water systems worldwide. although studies report on the effects of xenoestrogens in tissues such as liver and gonad, few studies to date have investigated the effects of ee2 in the vertebrate brain at a large scale. the purpose of this study was to develop a goldfish brain-enriched cdna array and use this in conjunction with a mixed tissue carp microarray to study the genomic response to ee2 in the brain. gonad-intact m ...	2006	16954407
endocrine and milt responses of male crucian carp (carassius carassius l.) to periovulatory females under field conditions.	laboratory studies in domesticated goldfish (carassius auratus) show that, during the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (lh) surge, females release a complex steroidal pheromone that induces in males a rapid increase of plasma lh, which in turn increases strippable milt (sperm and seminal fluid) prior to ovulation and spawning. the objective of this study was to determine if the same phenomenon occurs in a wild congener, the crucian carp (carassius carassius), under field conditions where fish ar ...	2006	16934255
surgical removal of retrobulbar hemangioma in a goldfish (carassius auratus).	the surgical removal of retrobulbar hemangioma is described in a mature fantail goldfish (carassius auratus) with a 6-week history of a swollen right eye. the fish was anesthetized using alfaxalnone at a concentration in the water of 5 mg/l to facilitate fine-needle aspiration and surgical removal of the eye. the fish was treated with enrofloxacin 5 mg intraperitoneally and recovered with major buoyancy deficits that corrected 20 minutes after treatment with methadone at a dose of 0.4 mg intramu ...	2006	16931398
ultraviolet influence on catalase activity and mineral content in eyeballs of gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio).	uv radiation present in the environment may induce several eye disorders including inflammation and cataract. the aim of this work was to study catalase activity and mg, cu, ca and zn contents in the eyeballs of gibel carp exposed to ecologically relevant doses of uv radiation (0.09 kj/m2 for uv-a and 0.98 kj/m2 for uv-b) simulated in laboratory conditions. ultraviolet exposure resulted in significant reduction of catalase activity in the eyeballs of tested fish. reductions in mg, cu and ca cont ...	2006	16905179
effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on food intake and locomotor activity in the goldfish, carassius auratus.	we investigated the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) and intraperitoneal (ip) administration of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (pacap) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) on food intake in the goldfish, carassius auratus. cumulative food intake was significantly decreased by icv injection of pacap or vip. similarly, ip administration of pacap or vip induced a significant decrease in food intake. icv injection of pacap or vip also induced a significant decrease ...	2006	16888202
[cloning, expression and antibacterial activity of histone h1 and its n-terminal peptide from carassius auratus].	in order to determine whether h1 histone proteins are associated with innate immune antimicrobial response in goldfish, we extracted the total rna from the hemocytes of goldfish (carassius auratus), designed 3 pairs of primers based on the previous antimicrobial peptide sequences from fish and performed rt-pcr. among 3 obtained-pcr products, we identified a novel histone h1 coding sequence of 576 bp which belongs to the histone h1 family and is 78% homologous with the amino acid sequence of hist ...	2006	16856400
deficits in acquisition of spatial learning after dorsomedial telencephalon lesions in goldfish.	acquisition of spatial learning is an important function of mammalian hippocampus. in order to identify the brain areas in teleost fish that are homologous to mammalian hippocampus, the present study examined the effects of lesions in the dorsal area of the caudal telencephalon of goldfish (carassius auratus) on the acquisition of spatial learning. an open-field maze that was similar to the dry version of the morris water maze was used. the task consisted of habituation and postoperative trainin ...	2006	16797738
growth rate and body condition in relation to group size in black widow tetras (gymnocorymbus ternetzi) and common goldfish (carassius auratus).		2006	16772504
the influence of feeding frequency on growth and body condition of the common goldfish (carassius auratus).		2006	16772472
dietary exposure of mink (mustela vison) to fish from the housatonic river, berkshire county, massachusetts, usa: effects on organ weights and histology and hepatic concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalence.	the effects of feeding ranch mink (mustela vison) diets containing polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb)-contaminated fish (88 gold fish [carassius auratus] weighing a total of 70.3 kg and 16 carp [cyprinus carpio] weighing a total of 77.3 kg) collected from the housatonic river (hr; berkshire county, ma, usa) in october 1999 on organ weights and histology and hepatic concentrations of total pcbs (sigmapcbs) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalence (teq) were evaluated. diets contained ...	2006	16764472
molecular cloning and effect of c-fos mrna on pharmacological stimuli in the goldfish brain.	c-fos is an immediate early gene, and is rapidly and transiently induced in neurons of the central nervous system according to their activities. to investigate neuronal activities in the brain of the goldfish (carassius auratus), we considered that expression of c-fos mrna would be an available marker for the neuronal activities. therefore, we firstly isolated a cdna clone encoding c-fos from the goldfish brain by rt-pcr and race methods. a full length cdna of the goldfish c-fos was composed of ...	2006	20483256
a bac library for the goldfish carassius auratus auratus (cyprinidae, cypriniformes).	a goldfish (carassius auratus auratus) bacterial artificial chromosome genomic library (bac library) was constructed from one aquarium-bred male specimen (tetraploid, 4n=100, genome size=3.52 pg/cell). the library consists of 128,352 positive clones with an average insert size of 150.4 kb, covering the genome 11-fold. all clones were spotted onto nylon filters and thus are available for screening of genomic regions of interest, such as candidate genes, gene families, or large-sized syntenic dna ...	2006	16708366
interaction mechanism between cd2+ ions and dna from the kidney of the silver crucian carp.	cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metals and is known to accumulate in freshwater food chains. the underlying mechanism for its genotoxicity has not been investigated for any freshwater fish. it has, however, been suggested that cadmium-induced carcinogenesis might involve either direct or indirect interaction of cd2+ with dna. the interaction between cd2+ and dna from the kidney of the silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) in vitro and in vivo is investigated by spectrophotometri ...	2006	16679546
involvement of histamine receptors in the acquisition of inhibitory avoidance in carassius auratus.	this study investigated the involvement of h(1) and h(2) histaminegic receptors on the acquisition of a new task in carassius auratus by using an inhibitory avoidance paradigm in which the animals had to learn to avoid an aversive stimulus. before training, the fish received injections of h(2) antagonist zolantidine at a dose of 20 mg/kg, or h(1) antagonist chlorpheniramine at a dose of 4 or 16 mg/kg. control animals were injected with distilled water. a facilitatory effect of chlorpheniramine w ...	2006	16631292
evidence of different ploidy eggs produced by diploid f2 hybrids of carassius auratus (female) x cyprinus carpio (male).	based on the presence of three types of eggs with different diameters 0.13, 0.17 and 0.2 cm, we made two crosses: f2 (female) x diploid red crucian carp (male), and f2 (female) x f10 tetraploid (male). the ploidy levels of the progeny of the two crosses were examined by chromosome counting and dna content measurement by flow cytometer. in the offspring of the former cross, tetraploids, triploids, and diploid were obtained. in the progeny of the latter cross, tetraploids and triploids were observ ...	2006	16625828
joint anti-estrogenic effects of pcp and tcdd in primary cultures of juvenile goldfish hepatocytes using vitellogenin as a biomarker.	this work evaluated the joint anti-estrogenic effects of pentachlorophenol (pcp) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) against 17beta-estradiol (e2) in juvenile goldfish (carassius auratus) hepatocyte cultures. the level of vitellogenin (vtg) as a biomarker was determined by exposing hepatocytes to individual e2, pcp and tcdd, as well as to e2 in the presence of pcp, tcdd or their mixtures of various concentrations. pcp and tcdd did not exhibit estrogenicity. both chemicals reduced the ...	2006	16571359
plasticity of respiratory structures--adaptive remodeling of fish gills induced by ambient oxygen and temperature.	while a large surface area combined with short diffusion distances make fish gills well suited for gas exchange, these properties leads to costly water and ion fluxes and exposure to toxic substances and pathogens. thus, gill morphology is likely to be a compromise between opposing demands. it has become clear that some fishes have the ability to modify gill structure in response to environmental parameters such as oxygen levels and temperature. maybe the most dramatic example of gill plasticity ...	2006	16540380
acute and chronic leptin reduces food intake and body weight in goldfish (carassius auratus).	the purpose of the present study was to elucidate the possible role of leptin in food intake and body weight regulation in goldfish. we examined the effects of i.c.v. or i.p. acute leptin administration on food intake in food-deprived goldfish at different time intervals post-injection (0-2, 2-8 and 0-8 h). food intake was reduced by i.p. administered leptin (1 microg) at 8 h post-injection, without statistically significant differences after i.c.v. treatment. the present study shows for the fir ...	2006	16522731
relationship between anorexigenic action of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (pacap) and that of corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) in the goldfish, carassius auratus.	our recent research has indicated that intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (pacap) suppresses food intake and locomotor activity in the goldfish. however, the anorexigenic mechanism of pacap has not yet been clarified. the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the anorexigenic action of pacap and that of corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh), which is implicated in the regulation of energy homeostasis as a powerful ...	2006	16519959
demonstration of hematopoietic stem cells in ginbuna carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii) kidney.	a model system of ginbuna carp (clonal triploid fish, carassius auratus langsdorfii) and ginbuna-goldfish hybrids (tetraploid fish, having three sets of chromosomes from a triploid clone and a haploid set of chromosomes from goldfish) was employed to demonstrate the presence of hematopoietic stem cells (hscs) in kidney hematopoietic tissues. kidney hematopoietic cells were obtained from ginbuna carp (s3n, donor) and injected into a ginbuna-gold fish hybrid (s4n, recipient) via the caudal sinus. ...	2006	16519942
inhibitory effects of four carbamate insecticides on acetylcholinesterase of male and female carassius auratus in vitro.	the inhibitory effects of four carbamate insecticides, methomyl, thiodicarb, carbofuran and carbosulfan, on acetylcholinesterase of male and female carassius auratus were investigated in the laboratory. kinetic constants, biomolecular rate constant (k(i)), carbamylation rate constant (k2) and decarbamylation rate constant (k3) were determined in vitro. the ratios of bimolecular rate constant (female/male) for ache reacting with methomyl, thiodicarb, carbofuran and carbosulfan were 1.03, 2.44, 1. ...	2006	16461013
tolerance and withdrawal in goldfish exposed to ethanol.	acute ethanol exposure decreases regulated body temperature. tolerance and dependence develop with continued exposure. removal of ethanol following chronic exposure produces withdrawal. there is little information on the time course for the development of tolerance and disagreement about the presence of a rebound effect on body temperature during withdrawal. for tolerance, we monitored the selected temperature [t(sel)] of goldfish [carassius auratus] for 8 h while they were exposed to one of thr ...	2006	16448677
temperature increase results in oxidative stress in goldfish tissues. 2. antioxidant and associated enzymes.	activities of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (gpx), glutathione-s-transferase (gst), glutathione reductase (gr), and glucose-6-phophate dehydrogenase (g6pdh) were measured in four tissues of goldfish, carassius auratus l., over 1-12 h of high temperature (35 degrees c) exposure followed by 4 or 24 h of lower temperature (21 degrees c) recovery. sod activity was strongly affected by heat shock, increasing 4-fold in brain, liver, and kidney, but was mainly reversed at ...	2006	16426898
temperature increase results in oxidative stress in goldfish tissues. 1. indices of oxidative stress.	levels of lipid peroxides (looh), thiobarbituric-acid reactive substances (tbars), protein carbonyls and low- and high-molecular weight thiols were measured in brain, liver, kidney, and white muscle of goldfish, carassius auratus l., over 1-12 h of high temperature (35 degrees c) exposure followed by 4 or 24 h of lower (21 degrees c) temperature recovery. looh and tbars contents increased during heat shock exposure with a maximal rise of 20-fold for liver tbars, but both mainly reversed at recov ...	2006	16423562
influence of long-term exposure to dietary cadmium on growth, maturation and reproduction of goldfish (subspecies: prussian carp carassius auratus gibelio b.).	the influence of long-term exposure of goldfish to dietary cadmium (cd) on its accumulation in tissues, growth, ovarian development, luteinizing hormone (lh) secretion and a response to hormonal stimulation of spawning were evaluated. the study was conducted on four groups of females for the period of 3 years, from the age of 10 weeks to second spawning. four doses of cd were applied in the feed: 0 (control group), 0.1, 1 and 10 mg cd g(-1) of feed (wet weight). the highest dose of cd (10 mg g(- ...	2006	16406109
responses of diencephalic neurons to sensory stimulation in the goldfish, carassius auratus.	we studied the responses to sensory stimulation in two diencephalic areas, the central posterior nucleus of the dorsal thalamus (cp) and the anterior tuberal nucleus of the hypothalamus (ta). in both the cp and the ta, units sensitive to acoustic (500-hz sound), hydrodynamic (25-hz dipole stimulus), and visual (640-nm light flash) stimuli were found. in the cp, most units were unimodal and responded exclusively to visual stimulation. in contrast, in the ta, most units responded to more than one ...	2006	11923001
[the variability of the reaction to a visual stimulus in goldfish, carassius auratus l. (cyprinidae: pisces)].	animal's responses to repeated identical stimulation are notoriously variable. the variability is not always resulted from differences between individuals, stimulus action, or habituation. goldfish's responses to a visual stimulus were studied in order to reveal the nature of variability. the experimental device consisted of a white circular corridor, and the black band stimulus drown across the corridor. fish responded to the stimulation by an increase in frequency of turns in the vicinity of t ...	2006	10863367
the graft-versus-host reaction (gvhr) in the ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii.	a model system of clonal triploid ginbuna and tetraploid ginbuna-goldfish hybrids was employed to demonstrate the presence of graft-versus-host reaction (gvhr) in a teleost fish. tetraploid scale grafts on triploid clone members evoked an acute rejection, whereas the reverse transplants were accepted. when sensitized triploid cells were injected into tetraploid recipients, a typical gvhr was induced, leading to death of the recipients within one month. the onset of illness appeared about one wee ...	2006	10220065
ultrastructure of the olfactory epithelium in intact, axotomized, and bulbectomized goldfish, carassius auratus.	the ultrastructure of the olfactory epithelium in intact, axotomized, and bulbectomized goldfish was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. a total of 58 adult goldfish of various survival times were examined to determine whether the different types of surgery--either olfactory nerve transection or bulbectomy--yielded differences in the extent or time course of cellular degeneration and renewal. control animals were also examined in detail to elucidate previous controversial f ...	2006	10383125
differential distribution of two molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in discrete brain areas of goldfish (carassius auratus).	two molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) were identified in the extracts of various brain areas, spinal cord and pituitary in female and male goldfish and had chromatographic and immunological properties similar to [his5, trp7, tyr8]-gnrh (cgnrh-ii) and [trp7,leu8]-gnrh (sgnrh). radioimmunoassay using different gnrh antisera after high pressure liquid chromatography did not reveal significant peaks of mammalian gnrh, [gln8]-gnrh and [tyr3,leu5,glu6,trp7,lys8]-gnrh in the brai ...	2006	3047700
biplexiform ganglion cells, characterized by dendrites in both outer and inner plexiform layers, are regular, mosaic-forming elements of teleost fish retinae.	biplexiform ganglion cells were labelled by retrograde transport of hrp in five species of marine fish from the neoteleost acanthopterygian orders perciformes and scorpaeniformes. their forms and spatial distributions were studied in retinal flatmounts and thick sections. biplexiform ganglion cells possessed sparsely branched, often varicose, dendrites that ramified through the inner nuclear layer (inl) to reach the outer plexiform layer (opl), as well as conventional arborizations in the most s ...	2006	8782379
[experimental morphologic studies of the retina of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.) after prolonged exposure to light and darkness].		2006	3827474
[cytophysiological changes in pituitary gland (pars intermedia) of carassius auratus l. (teleostei cyprinidae) during adaptation to hyperosmotic environment].		2006	4469408
[use of alburnus alburnus alborella in evaluation of the toxicity of sewage. i. comparative research with respect to carassius auratus].		2006	4670269
in vitro biosynthesis of steroids, including 11-deoxycortisol and 5 alpha-pregnane-3 beta,7 alpha,17,20 beta-tetrol, by ovaries of the goldfish carassius auratus during the stage of oocyte final maturation.	to examine the production of steroids with potential oocyte maturation-inducing or pheromonal activity in the goldfish (carassius auratus) we have incubated mature ovaries of this species with 17-[3h]hydroxyprogesterone. the metabolites in the unconjugated, glucuronide, and sulfate fractions were identified by chromatography, microchemical reaction, and, in most cases, crystallization to constant specific activity. a major metabolite, present in all three fractions, was tentatively identified as ...	2006	1426940
mucosal mast cell responses in rats (rattus norvegicus) experimentally infected with centrocestus caninus.	mucosal mast cell (mmc) responses and worm recovery rates in rats experimentally infected with centrocestus caninus were investigated. metacercariae of c. caninus, procured from goldfish, carassius auratus, were orally administered to twenty-five male rats (300 metacercariae each rat). the infected rats were sacrificed on days 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 post-infection (pi) along with the control rats. worm recovery was performed from each part of small intestine. to investigate mmc, duodenal, jejunal a ...	2006	17120962
experimental handling stress as infection-facilitating factor for the goldfish ulcerative disease.	experimental handling stress (ehs) was applied to clinically asymptomatic farmed goldfish (carassius auratus l.). ehs affected the gills and skin integrity of the fish and was accompanied by increased levels of plasma glucose, cortisol and interleukin-10 (il-10). ehs application was followed by highly significant enhancement of the rate of infection with a virulent aeromonas salmonicida isolate. cumulative ulceration at the initial phase of the ensuing goldfish ulcerative disease (gud) evidenced ...	2006	16174536
immunoreactive antigens of the outer membrane protein of aeromonas hydrophila, isolated from goldfish, carassius auratus (linn.).	aeromonas hydrophila causes disease under stress conditions or in concert with infection by other pathogens in goldfish. sero-diagnostic and/or immunoprophylactic tools against aeromonas infection in goldfish are not available so far. the present study was undertaken to fractionate and characterise the outer membrane proteins (omp) of a. hydrophila and to identify suitable immunoreactive components. a total of 10 fractions were generated from crude omp antigens upon gel permeation and subsequent ...	2006	16243540
effects of copper and its ethylenediaminetetraacetate complex on the antioxidant defenses of the goldfish, carassius auratus.	copper bioavailability in the tissues of goldfish and antioxidant defenses in the liver of fish were investigated in vivo following 40 days of exposure to different species of copper solutions at different concentrations. copper seemed to be more concentrated in the gill than in the liver after cu(2+) and copper-ethylenediaminetetraacetate (cu-edta) exposure. the addition of edta markedly affected copper adsorption in the gill but had no significant effects in the liver. we also found that in th ...	2006	16249031
sensitive apoptosis induced by microcystins in the crucian carp (carassius auratus) lymphocytes in vitro.	microcystins including leucine-arginine l-amino acid (mclr) and arginine-arginine l-amino acid (mcrr) can inhibit several serine/threonine protein phosphatases. in this study, we focused on the efficient biomarker for analyzing toxic cyanobacteria blooms using in vitro apoptosis bioassay. we explored the existence of sensitive apoptosis induced by mclr and mcrr on isolated lymphocytes of the crucian carp (carassius auratus) at a low exposure level. apoptosis was detected in vitro and was clearly ...	2006	16271850
the presence of microcystins and other cyanobacterial bioactive peptides in aquatic fauna collected from greek freshwaters.	toxic bloom-forming cyanobacteria can cause animal death and adversely affect human health. blooms may contain microcystins (mcs), cyanobacterial heptapeptide hepatotoxins and other peptides such as anabaenopeptins and anabaenopeptilides. mcs have been shown to occur in various aquatic organisms including mussels, water snails, crustaceans and fish. muscle and viscera samples from eight species of fish (acipenser gueldenstaedtii, carassius auratus, carassius gibelio, cyprinus carpio, perca fluvi ...	2006	16540185
2-chlorophenol induced ros generation in fish carassius auratus based on the epr method.	in the present study, a secondary spin trapping technique was used followed by electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) analysis, to study the potential of reactive oxygen species (ros) production after fish (carassius auratus) were injected i.p. with different doses (50, 100, 200, 250, 500mgkg(-1)) of 2-chlorophenol (2-cp). the ros signal intensity of the epr spectrum showed a significant increase (p<0.05, compared with the control) when the 2-cp dose was as low as 50mgkg(-1). there is a good rela ...	2006	16620909
morphological and genetic differences among actinosporean stages of fish-parasitic myxosporeans (myxozoa): difficulties of species identification.	the occurrence and morphology of actinosporean stages of myxosporeans were studied at a fish farm and in the river tisza in hungary. the 43 samples sequenced belonged to 10 'genotypes', from which six were determined as new actinosporean types. based on dna sequence analysis, the assumed actinosporean developmental stages of four myxozoan species were identified. the raabeia type collected from the worm branchiura sowerbyi was identified as myxobolus cultus yokoyama, ogawa & wakabyashi, 1995. th ...	2006	16676228
anion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma-isotope dilution-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for speciation analysis of metal complexes with metallothionein isoforms in gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio) exposed to environmental metal pollution.	the capability of post-column isotope dilution (id) combined with anion-exchange hplc-icp-time-of-flight (tof)-ms was for the first time investigated for environmental quality assessment through metal speciation analysis of metallothionein (mt) isoforms in cytosols of gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio), used as biomarkers for environmental metal exposure. a full spectral scanning of the biological sample (with 50 microl injection volume) using icp-tof-ms in transient mode allowed fast multi- ...	2006	16678190
detection of the herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis disease agent (cyprinid herpesvirus 2) in moribund and healthy goldfish: validation of a quantitative pcr diagnostic method.	cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv-2) is a pathogen of goldfish carassius auratus auratus l. that causes herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis (hvhn) disease. the disease is associated with necrosis of hematopoietic tissues and anemia with high mortality. we have developed a real time 5'-nuclease pcr method (taqman) that quantitatively detects cyhv-2 with a linear response over 8 logs of target concentration. the coefficient of variability on replicate samples tested on different days was 13% and the cal ...	2006	16724557
a new myxozoan from feral goldfish (carassius auratus).	in february 2004, a mass die-off of common goldfish carassius auratus l., presumptively caused by bacterial coldwater disease (flavobacterium psychrophilum), occurred at fern ridge reservoir, oregon. a range of size classes was affected, but all mature fish were female and all fish were infected with a single myxozoan, chloromyxum auratum n. sp. no histological changes were observed associated with the parasite. infection was represented by mictosporic plasmodia and free-floating spores in the g ...	2006	16729695
herpesvirus haematopoietic necrosis in a goldfish (carassius auratus) in the uk.		2006	16766727
[comparison between biomimetic sampling technique using semipermeable membrane device and bioconcentration in caged fish for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons].	semipermeable membrane device (spmd) was recently accepted to estimate the time-integrated concentrations of bioavailable hydrophobic organic compounds (hocs) in a similar manner as lipophilic bioconcentration. however few field researches were carried out to verify the similarities of spmd and fish in concentrating hocs from water. in present work, spmd and caged crucian carps (carassius auratus) were deployed side-by-side at five sites in meiliang bay, taihu lake for 32 days and concentrations ...	2006	16881320
availability of in vitro vitellogenin assay for screening of estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities of environmental chemicals.	vitellogenin (vtg) protein, vtg mrna, other egg yolk proteins, vitelline envelope proteins and their mrnas are produced in the liver of oviparous species by stimulation of endogenous estrogen and exogenous estrogenic chemicals. the vtg assay based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been widely used for many fish species to screen estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities of chemicals and sewage effluents using immature fish and/or male fish. in order to reduce the number of fish fo ...	2006	16883298
differences in host selection of actinospores of two myxosporeans, myxobolus arcticus and thelohanellus hovorkai.	we investigated the host selection mechanism of actinospore stages of 2 myxosporeans, myxobolus arcticus and thelohanellus hovorkai, infecting masu salmon (oncorhynchus masou) and common carp (cyprinus carpio), respectively. discharge of the polar filaments and sporoplasm release by m. arcticus actinospores occurred within the first 5 min of exposure to skin mucus of masu salmon. the actinospores also reacted to the mucus of nonsusceptible fish, i.e., sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) and gold ...	2006	16995388
surgical procedure for implanting a radiotelemetry transmitter to monitor ecg, heart rate and body temperature in small carassius auratus and carassius auratus gibelio under laboratory conditions.	radiotelemetry provides an alternative means of obtaining physiological measurements from conscious and freely moving animals, without introducing stress artefacts. a surgical procedure is described for implanting radiotelemetry transmitters to monitor the electrocardiogram (ecg), heart rate (hr) and body temperature (bt) in small goldfish (carassius auratus; 50-100 g) and prussian carp (carassius auratus gibelio; 100 g). this type of transmitter is commonly implanted in freely moving mice. afte ...	2006	17018217
waterborne gemfibrozil challenges the hepatic antioxidant defense system and down-regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta (pparbeta) mrna levels in male goldfish (carassius auratus).	the lipid regulator gemfibrozil (gem) is one of many human pharmaceuticals found in the aquatic environment. we previously demonstrated that gem bioconcentrates in blood and reduces plasma testosterone levels in goldfish (carassius auratus). in this study, we address the potential of an environmentally relevant waterborne concentration of gem (1.5 microg/l) to induce oxidative stress in goldfish liver and whether this may be linked to gem acting as a peroxisome proliferator (pp). we also investi ...	2006	17046140
protection of carassius auratus gibelio against infection by aeromonas hydrophila using specific immunoglobulins from hen egg yolk.	specific immunoglobulin (igy) from egg yolk against aeromonas hydrophila was produced by immunization of white leghorn hens with formalin-killed whole cells of a. hydrophila. elisa test using a. hydrophila as the coating antigen revealed that the specific antibody titer started to increase in the egg yolk at the 13th day post-immunization (p/n=2.18), reached the peak at the 56th day (p/n=13.82), and remained at high level until day 133 (p/n=7.03). the antibody was purified by saturated ammonium ...	2006	17048308
bioaccumulation, depuration and oxidative stress in fish carassius auratus under phenanthrene exposure.	in this study, laboratory experiment was carried out to determine phenanthrene bioaccumulation, depuration in whole fish and oxidative stress in the liver of freshwater fish carassius auratus. fish were exposed to 0.05 mg/l phenanthrene for different periods, while one control group was designated for each exposure group. some fish after 7 days of exposure were transferred to diluted water. the concentrations of phenanthrene in fish were analyzed by hplc. twenty-four hours after the exposure, re ...	2006	16293290
potassium transmembrane fluxes in anoxic hepatocytes from goldfish (carassius auratus l.).	despite the fact that anoxic goldfish hepatocytes can maintain the transmembrane gradients of na(+), h(+) and ca(2+), cyanide (cn) intoxication leads to a rapid breakdown of k(+) homeostasis. in this study, [(86)rb(+)] k(+) fluxes across the plasma membrane of goldfish hepatocytes were studied in order to identify the possible causes of this imbalance. four minutes of cyanide incubation induced an acute and stable 61% decrease of k(+) influx (mostly driven by na,k-atpase activity), whereas k(+) ...	2006	16298170
adjuvant effect of propolis on immunisation by inactivated aeromonas hydrophila in carp (carassius auratus gibelio).		2006	16325428
a combined phage display scfv library against myxobolus rotundus infecting crucian carp, carassius auratus auratus (l.), in china.	immunological methods have been developed for the diagnosis of myxobolus rotundus but their use has been limited for the prevention and therapy of this serious parasitic pathogen. phage display antibody libraries are a powerful technique for the development of antibodies to molecules of interest and have advantages over traditional hybridroma approaches. in the present study, four antigen fractions related to m. rotundus were prepared and a combined phage display single-chain antibody fragments ...	2006	16351693
bioaccumulation and antioxidant responses in goldfish carassius auratus under hc orange no. 1 exposure.	hc orange no. 1 is used as a color additive in hair dyes and colors. in this study, laboratory experiments were carried out to determine the accumulation of hc orange no. 1 in goldfish and the biochemical responses in liver of freshwater goldfish carassius auratus. goldfish were exposed to 1.0 mg/l hc orange no. 1 for 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, and 96 h. results showed that the concentrations of hc orange no. 1 in water decreased rapidly in the first 24h, and then maintained equilibrium, while t ...	2006	16406596
a novel hematopoietic granulin induces proliferation of goldfish (carassius auratus l.) macrophages.	granulins are a group of highly conserved growth factors that have been described from a variety of organisms spanning the metazoa. in this study, goldfish granulin was one of the most commonly identified transcripts in the differential cross-screening of macrophage cdna libraries and was preferentially expressed in proliferating macrophages. unlike mammalian granulins, which possess 7.5 repeats of a characteristic signature of 12 cysteine residues, the goldfish granulin encoded a putative pepti ...	2006	16473876
redescription of myxobolus pyramidis chen, 1958(myxosporea: bivalvulida).	redescription of myxobolus pyramidis chen, 1958, from gill lamellae of allogynogenetic gibel carp, carassius auratus gibelio (bloch), is presented in this paper to complete chen's description. the diagnostic characters of the myxosporidia are: ovoid round, greyish-white polysporous plasmodia, averaging (159+/-21)x(72+/-6.5) mum in size; spore pyriform in front view with smooth surface and symmetrical valves, convex-shaped in sutural view with straight and thick sutural line, averaging (10.5+/-1. ...	2006	16482479
central administration of melanin-concentrating hormone (mch) suppresses food intake, but not locomotor activity, in the goldfish, carassius auratus.	melanin-concentrating hormone (mch) is a hypothalamo-pituitary peptide, which was first identified in the salmon pituitary as a hormone affecting body color. recently, mch has been implicated in the regulation of feeding behavior and energy homeostasis in mammals. despite a growing body of knowledge concerning mch in mammals, however, there is little information about the effect of mch on appetite and behavior in fish. the aim of the present study was to investigate the action of mch on feeding ...	2006	16503089
cryobanking of fish somatic cells: optimizations of fin explant culture and fin cell cryopreservation.	when gametes or embryos are not available, somatic cells should be considered for fish genome cryobanking of valuable or endangered fish. the objective of this work was to develop a method for fin explant culture with an assessed reliability, and to assess fin cells ability to cryopreservation. anal fins from goldfish (carassius auratus) were minced and gently loosened with collagenase before explants were plated at 20 degrees c in l-15 medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum and ph bufferin ...	2006	16503180
chronological observations of intestinal histopathology in rats (rattus norvegicus) infected with centrocestus caninus.	intestinal pathological enzyme activity changes were studied chronologically in rats after centrocestus caninus infection. a single inoculation of 300 metacercariae isolated from the gills of goldfish (carassius auratus), was orally administered to male rats (n = 15). uninfected animals were used as controls (n = 5). at days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-infection (pi), three infected rats, and one from each control group, were sacrificed. the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were removed separately and ...	2006	17547056
assessing the anti-estrogenic activity of sodium pentachlorophenol in primary cultures of juvenile goldfish (carassius auratus) hepatocytes using vitellogenin as a biomarker.	both pentachlorophenol and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) had been studied widely because of their probable anti-estrogenic activity. sodium pentachlorophenol (pcp-na), as a industrial product used in many fields, usually contains a trace of tcdd. the aim of this study was to assess the anti-estrogenic effect of pcp-na in juvenile goldfish (carassius auratus) hepatocyte cultures using vitellogenin (vtg) as the biomarker. the id50 of pcp-na was investigated and then a series of concen ...	2006	17294650
[experimental research on the biological cycle of phyllodistomum elongatum nybelin, 1926 (digenea: gorgoderidae looss, 1901)].	experimental infection of tinca tinca and carassius auratus have demonstrated that cercaria duplicata von baer, 1827 is the larval form of phyllodistomum elongatum nybelin, 1926 and that the life-cycle occurs between anodonta cygnea (intermediate host) and tinca tinca or carassius auratus (final host) without a second intermediate host. the life-history experimentally completed in the laboratory occurs in the following way: -- adult in the ureters of tinca tinca and carassius auratus; -- mother ...	2006	1233405
heavy metal accumulation and tissue damage in goldfish carassius auratus.		2005	16402311
electron paramagnetic resonance investigation of in vivo free radical formation and oxidative stress induced by 2,4-dichlorophenol in the freshwater fish carassius auratus.	in the present study, electron paramagnetic resonance coupled with spin-trapping technique was used, with alpha-phenyl-n-tert-butylnitrone (pbn) as a spin-trapping agent, to investigate free radical generation in freshwater fish with acute 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-dcp) poisoning. the pbn-radical adducts were detected in fish liver samples following treatments of 2,4-dcp (0.025, 0.05, 0.5, 5, or 25 mg/kg) 24 h after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and 2,4-dcp (0.5 mg/kg) at 2, 4, 8, 24, or 72 h a ...	2005	16193740
the formation of primordial germ cells from germline cells in spherical embryos derived from the blastodisc of 2-cell embryos in goldfish, carassius auratus.	the property of primordial germ cells (pgcs) in fragmented goldfish embryos was investigated. when 1- and 2- cell embryos were cut at several perpendicular levels at the animal-vegetal axis, cells expressing vas mrna were observed in the resultant embryos derived from all kinds of animal fragments. blastodisc fragments from the 1- to 2-cell stage developed to spherical embryos containing yolk body with a yolk syncytial layer (ysl). germ ring and no tail expression were not observed in the spheri ...	2005	16172980
impact of copper and its edta complex on the glutathione-dependent antioxidant system in freshwater fish (carassius auratus).		2005	16158849
direction selectivity in the goldfish tectum revisited.	responses of direction-selective (ds) ganglion cells (gcs) were recorded extracellularly from their axon terminals in the superficial layer of the tectum opticum (to) of immobilized goldfish, carassius auratus gibelio (bloch). directional tuning curves were measured with contrast edges moving in 12 or more different directions across the receptive field (rf). all directional tuning curves had cardioid-like appearance, their acceptance angles amounted to somewhat more than 180 degrees . according ...	2005	16154933
mechanoreceptive and nociceptive responses in the central nervous system of goldfish (carassius auratus) and trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).	nociceptive responses to a repetitive pin-prod stimulus in goldfish and trout were assessed. single unit recordings were taken from the spinal cord, cerebellum, tectum, and telencephalon. neuronal responses were elicited in all these regions of the central nervous system in both species of fish during brush (mechanoceptive) and pin-prod (nociceptive) stimuli. in addition, in trout, a heated prod stimulus was used. mechanoreceptive and nociceptive neuronal responses to various stimuli were elicit ...	2005	16139775
the endocannabinoid system in the brain of carassius auratus and its possible role in the control of food intake.	cannabinoid receptors and the endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol have been suggested to regulate food intake in several animal phyla. orthologs of the mammalian cannabinoid cb(1) and cb(2) receptors have been identified in fish. we investigated the presence of this endocannabinoid system in the brain of the goldfish carassius auratus and its role in food consumption. cb(1)-like immunoreactivity was distributed throughout the goldfish brain. the prosencephalon showed strong cb ...	2005	16135090
[free radical generation and lipid peroxidation induced by 2,4-dichlorophenol in liver of carassius auratus].	free radical generation in liver of larval fish (carassius auratus) after 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-dcp) injected intraperitoneally 24 h was studied with electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spin trapping technique and alpha-phenyl-n-tert-butylnitrone (pbn) as spin trap reagent. the results show that there is a significant increase of free radical generation in the liver of the fish treated with 2,4-dcp (0.025, 0.05, 0.5, 5, 25 mg/kg) compared with that of the control (p<0.05). the free radical g ...	2005	16124465
[mitochondrial dna variation in diploid and triploid forms of silver crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio].	variation of two mtdna fragments amplified in polymerase chain reaction was compared by the rflp method in a population of the sympatric bisexual (diploid) and gynogenetic (triploid) forms of silver crucian carp. the mtdna haplotypes of all individuals differed in at least 2.5% of nucleotide substitutions and fall into two phylogroups. all gynogenetic individuals have haplotypes of a single phylogroup, whereas haplotypes of diploid fish belonged to both mtdna phylogroups. this testifies to a pos ...	2005	16080606
electron paramagnetic resonance evidence of hydroxyl radical generation and oxidative damage induced by tetrabromobisphenol a in carassius auratus.	tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) is one of the most widely used brominated flame retardants (bfrs). to confirm its putative oxidative stress-inducing activity, freshwater fish carassius auratus were injected intraperitoneally with tbbpa. one experiment lasted 3h to 28 days after a single injection of 100mg/kg tbbpa, and the other lasted 24h after a single injection of 0-300 mg/kg tbbpa. reactive oxygen species (ros) were trapped by phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (pbn) and detected by electron paramagnet ...	2005	16054708