Publications

a study of sandfly species (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) in a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the municipality of baturité, ceará, brazil.	in a study on putative vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in baturité, ceará state, brazil, six sandfly species were identified: lutzomyia longipalpis, l. wellcomei, l. peresi, l. whitmani, l. shannoni and l. migonei. in general l. whitmani and l. migonei were the predominant species. they were collected in periodomiciliary areas and were attracted by man and equines. l. whitmani was the most anthropophilic species. studies using animals as bait showed that blood-feeding occurs throughout the ni ...	1991	1842431
analysis of enhancing effect of sand fly saliva on leishmania infection in mice.	salivary gland lysates of the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis markedly enhance the course of infection with leishmania major in mice. here we examine various parameters of this phenomenon. the exacerbative effect of l. longipalpis salivary gland lysates occurred in five different mouse strains; however, the character of the effect varied from one strain to another. consistent exacerbation of infection was achieved with as little as 1/10 of a gland. the exacerbative effect applied to more than one ...	1991	2019430
isolation of maxadilan, a potent vasodilatory peptide from the salivary glands of the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis.	blood feeding by the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis is aided by the presence of a vasodilator in its salivary glands. this novel vasodilator has been isolated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. ten nanograms of the vasodilator are present in the extract of a pair of sand fly salivary glands. it has 500 times the vasodilatory activity of calcitonin gene-related peptide, previously the most potent vasodilator peptide known. this novel peptide is thus called maxadilan.	1991	2040631
susceptibility of laboratory-reared female lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912) to infection by different species and strains of leishmania ross, 1903.	a study was undertaken to compare the susceptibility of laboratory-reared female lutzomyia longipalpis to infection by different species or strains of new world leishmania. the sand flies proved to be highly susceptible to infection by a strain of le. guyanensis, with flagellates developing in all (18/18) of the specimens examined. a lower infection rate of 37% (10/27) was recorded in flies exposed to infection by a strain of le. amazonensis. flagellates developed in 13% (6/46) of the sand flies ...	1990	2152197
amazonian visceral leishmaniasis--distribution of the vector lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva) in relation to the fox cerdocyon thous (linn.) and the efficiency of this reservoir host as a source of infection.		1990	2215228
studies on sandfly fauna (diptera: psychodidae) in a foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in mesquita, rio de janeiro state, brazil.	in a study on vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in mesquita, rio de janeiro state, brazil, eleven species of sandflies were found: lutzomyia longipalpis, l. fischeri, l. quinquefer, l. intermedia, l. whitmani, l. shannoni, l. cortelezzii, l. edwardsi, l. migonei, l. lanei and l. firmatoi. lutzomyia intermedia was the predominant species. it was collected indoors but in much higher numbers outdoors, in the close vicinity of houses. in comparative captures it was found to feed more frequently on ...	1990	2215232
histology and ultrastructure of pheromone secreting glands in males of the phlebotomine sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis.	well-defined pheromone-producing glands are present on the third and fourth abdominal segments of male lutzomyia longipalpis. each gland consists of numerous large secretory cells. the individual cells have a complicated 'end-apparatus' and central reservoir which are connected directly to the exterior via a small chitinized duct. this is the first ultrastructural study of pheromone secreting cells of diptera.	1990	2331176
response of female sandflies (lutzomyia longipalpis) to pheromone-baited sticky traps in the laboratory.	response of virgin female lutzomyia longipalpis lutz & nevia (diptera: psychodidae), contained in a 60-cm3 net cage, to sticky traps was significantly greater when the traps were baited with extract of male pheromone glands. results confirm that the response of females to male pheromone does not necessarily depend upon the presence of a host.	1990	2331175
[impact of the spraying of deltamethrin in a focus of leishmaniasis in bolivia].	after one month of entomological observations to record pretreatment data, a sub andean village of yungas, bolivia (alt. 1500 m) was sprayed at the beginning of the rainy season (january 1987). houses were treated inside and outside with deltamethrin at 0.025 g/sq.m.; kennels, hen-houses and stacks of adobe were also sprayed in the same way. as a result of the treatment, lutzomyia longipalpis, the local vector of visceral leishmaniasis, disappeared from houses and animal shelters for 9 and 10 mo ...	1989	2610530
an immune response-dependent mechanism for the vertical transmission of an entomopathogen.	an exceptionally efficient mechanism for the vertical transmission of a parasitic gregarine is dependent on the insect host's immune response. gametocysts of ascogregarina chagasi on the genital accessory glands of adult female sand flies (lutzomyia longipalpis) become encapsulated through hemocyte-mediated immune reactions. oocysts of a. chagasi, ejected into the lumen of the glands owing to pressure exerted by this capsule, become glued to eggshells and are subsequently ingested by larvae. in ...	1989	2759214
laboratory response of female lutzomyia longipalpis sandflies to a host and male pheromone source over distance.	a nylon net cage (260 x 40 x 40 cm) provided with unidirectional air flow was used to demonstrate the response of female sandflies, lutzomyia longipalpis lutz & neiva (diptera: psychodidae) to a host and extract of male pheromone glands over a distance of 240 cm. females responded more rapidly and in greater numbers to the host if male pheromone was present. results suggest that one function of the pheromone may be to attract females from some distance to a common mating site, on or near the hos ...	1989	2519666
epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in colombia.	epidemiologic studies were conducted during the period 1986-1988 in a small rural community in colombia (el callejon) where visceral leishmaniasis is highly endemic. in this community of 185 people, 14 cases of infantile visceral leishmaniasis were diagnosed in the 9 years 1981-1988. leishmanin skin testing of a sample of the human residents showed that prevalence of leishmania chagasi infection increased with age; overall, 51.2% of the subjects had a positive reaction. a canine surveillance pro ...	1989	2729506
experimental infection of old and new world phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) with ascogregarina chagasi (eugregarinorida: lecudinidae).	the aseptate gregarine, ascogregarina chagasi (adler and mayrink), found in a colombian strain of lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz and neiva), was fed to the larvae of seven species of laboratory-bred sand flies: phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli), p. argentipes annandale and brunetti, p. perniciosus newstead, l. serrana (damasceno and arouck), l. abonnenci (floch and chassignet), l. columbiana (ristorcelli and van ty), and a gregarine-free brazilian strain of l. longipalpis. trophozoites of the gregarin ...	1989	2769700
a novel vasodilatory peptide from the salivary glands of the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis.	salivary gland lysates of the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis contain a potent vasodilator that aids the fly to feed on the blood of its vertebrate hosts. chromatographic analysis, antibody reactivity, and data obtained from bioassays of the salivary erythema-inducing factor indicate striking similarity with human calcitonin gene-related peptide. the erythema-inducing factor is, however, at least one order of magnitude more potent than calcitonin gene-related peptide.	1989	2783496
ultrastructural development of leishmania chagasi in its vector, lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae).	the development of leishmania chagasi, etiologic agent of american visceral leishmaniasis, was studied by light and electron microscopy in the gut of the sand fly, lutzomyia longipalpis, a natural vector. new aspects of suprapylarian leishmania behavior were elucidated. in the sand fly midgut, amastigotes transformed into promastigotes (division promastigote i) during a first division sequence within the bloodmeal. secondary division of these promastigotes resulted in a second form (division pro ...	1989	2802019
salivary gland lysates from the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis enhance leishmania infectivity.	leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies. the role of sand fly saliva in transmission of the disease was investigated by injecting mice with leishmania major parasites in the presence of homogenized salivary glands from lutzomyia longipalpis. this procedure resulted in cutaneous lesions of leishmania major that were routinely five to ten times as large and contained as much as 5000 times as many parasites as controls. with inocula consisting of low numbers of l ...	1988	3344436
feeding-site selection of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) on mice infected with leishmania mexicana amazonensis.		1988	3404541
observations on the development of leishmania (l.) chagasi cunha and chagas in the midgut of the sandfly vector lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz and neiva).	previous observations have shown that forms of leishmania, infective to hamsters, are present in the midgut of experimentally infected sandflies from 15-221 hours after the infective bloodmeal. in a continuation of these studies, stained smears of the midgut contents of lutzomyia longipalpis infected with leishmania (l.) chagasi, made at intervals between 15-120 hours, revealed two lines of parasite development. one of these is the direct transformation of small, non-dividing amastigotes into ve ...	1988	3421641
destruction of leishmania mexicana amazonensis promastigotes by normal human serum.	fresh normal human serum was observed to have a lethal effect on leishmania mexicana amazonensis promastigotes obtained from laboratory-bred lutzomyia longipalpis or on promastigotes grown in liquid culture medium, inoculated with the same isolates. heat inactivation abolished the leishmania lytic activity from the sera. resistance of culture promastigotes to lysis by normal human serum was investigated in three isolates of l. m. amazonensis. development of resistance (up to 7%) was found in onl ...	1987	3605505
natural infection of humans, animals, and phlebotomine sand flies with the alagoas serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus in colombia.	five isolations of the alagoas serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (rhabdoviridae: vesiculovirus) were made from naturally infected phlebotomine sand flies (lutzomyia spp.) collected in colombia. these are the first isolations of alagoas virus from an arthropod. replication of the virus occurred in laboratory-reared sand flies (lutzomyia longipalpis) after inoculation. bite and transovarial transmission of the virus was also demonstrated in experimentally infected sand flies. alagoas virus ne ...	1987	3034087
a method for the purification of leishmania promastigotes from infected phlebotomine sandflies.	we describe a method for the purification of leishmania promastigotes, isolated from infected sandflies (lutzomyia longipalpis) using a discontinuous density centrifugation gradient (percoll/homem). the sandflies, infected seven days previously with leishmania donovani chagasi or leishmania mexicana mexicana from culture, were homogenized and centrifuged on a percoll discontinuous gradient. five interface bands were formed, and most of the promastigotes settled out at the interface between the ( ...	1987	3675038
detection and enumeration of leishmania in sand flies using agar-based media.	an agar plating technique was used to determine the number of amastigotes ingested by lutzomyia longipalpis fed on papules on mesocricetus auratus caused by leishmania mexicana amazonensis and on lesions on mystromys albicaudatus caused by leishmania braziliensis panamensis. the technique involved homogenizing sand flies after bloodfeeding on the infected animals and spreading the homogenate over the surface of agar plates. a great variation in the number of amastigotes ingested by individual sa ...	1987	3688307
leishmaniasis in brazil. xxii: characterization of leishmania from man, dogs and the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912) isolated during an outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in santarém, pará state.	during epidemiological studies on an outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in santarém, pará state, north brazil, isolates of leishmania from two children, three dogs and six naturally infected specimens of the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis were compared, biochemically, by starch-gel enzyme electrophoresis. they have proved to be indistinguishable from each other, and from a reference strain of leishmania chagasi cunha & chagas, 1937 from a case of human visceral leishmaniasis from bahia state, nor ...	1986	3726975
genetic isolating mechanisms between different forms of the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae).		1986	3752826
experimental infection of lutzomyia longipalpis fed on a patient with cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania mexicana amazonensis.		1986	3796279
blood-finding strategy of a capillary-feeding sandfly, lutzomyia longipalpis.	salivary gland homogenates of adult female lutzomyia longipalpis inhibited platelet aggregation induced by adp and collagen. apyrase (atp diphosphohydrolase) activity was prominent, requiring ca2+ but not mg2+ and a ph optimum of 8.0. human as well as rabbit hosts developed a well delimited erythema, evident 2-3 min after initial probing and lasting for as long as 2 days. erythema, not accompanied by itching or swelling, developed in previously exposed hosts as well as in those not previously ex ...	1986	2870860
chemical analysis of compounds extracted from the tergal "spots" of lutzomyia longipalpis from brazil.	the chemical composition of the compounds contained in the tergal spots of lutzomyia longipalpis was investigated. four populations of l. longipalpis were examined, originating from: sobral, ceará, brazil (one spot and two spot populations), santarém, pará, brazil (one spot) and marajó island, pará, brazil (one spot). the tergal spots were dissected out, extracted in hexane and analysed on a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer. two compounds were found, identical to compounds found in earlier st ...	1986	2877553
[biology of lutzomyia intermedia lutz & neiva, 1912 and lutzomyia longipalpis lutz & neiva, 1912 (diptera, psychodidae), under experimental conditions. i. feeding aspects of larvae and adults].	to improve our knowledge on the breeding and behaviour of sandflies in captivity, we established closed colonies of lutzomyia intermedia and lutzomyia longipalpis. data are here presented on the feeding preferences of larvae and adults and their influence on the development and survival of each species. fish food is accepted by the larvae of both species; it is easily available, unexpensive and does not encourage the growth of fungi. the larvae of both species, in all stages accepted food of veg ...	1986	3613978
the retained capacity of lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva) to transmit leishmania chagasi (cunha & chagas) after eight years (64 generations) in a closed laboratory colony.	a closed lutzomyia longipalpis colony, from ceará has been used to transmit leishmania chagasi isolated from a fox in pará state. the last time this colony was successfully used in similar transmission experiments was eight years (64 generations) ago indicating that this colony of lu. longipalpis has fully maintained its vectorial capacity in spite of such a long period of maintainance in the laboratory.	1985	3837170
flagellates in the malpighian tubules of laboratory-bred lutzomyia longipalpis fed on a hamster experimentally infected with leishmania mexicana amazonensis.	as a preparatory stage for a study aiming at identifying the species and subspecies of local leishmania in naturally infected sandflies through immunoradiometric assay with monoclonal antibodies, we tried to obtain experimental infections of phlebotomines with well characterized stocks of parasites, in order to test the effectiveness of the method.	1985	3837172
mechanical transmission of rift valley fever virus by hematophagous diptera.	experimental studies were conducted to determine if hematophagous diptera were capable of mechanical transmission of rift valley fever (rvf) virus to laboratory animals. all species tested (glossina morsitans, aedes aegypti, aedes taeniorhynchus, culex pipiens, stomoxys calcitrans, lutzomyia longipalpis, and culicoides variipennis) mechanically transmitted the virus to hamsters. mechanical transmission rates for g. morsitans ranged from 0-100%, with the probability of mechanical transmission pos ...	1985	3970308
leishmaniasis in brazil. xxi. visceral leishmaniasis in the amazon region and further observations on the role of lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912) as the vector.	further evidence is presented incriminating the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis as the vector of leishmania chagasi, the causative agent of american visceral leishmaniasis, in the amazon region of brazil. during an outbreak of the disease in santarém, pará state, this insect was shown to be the only species of sandfly consistently present in and around the patient's homes, where it often occurred in very large numbers. of 491 specimens dissected, 35 (7.14%) proved to be infected, and isolates of l ...	1985	4002291
leishmaniasis in bolivia. i. lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912) as the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in los yungas.	a relatively high leishmanial infection rate was found in the phlebotomine sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis collected from three villages of the los yungas region (department of la paz, bolivia). 2,578 female sandflies were dissected. in three houses surveyed in santa barbara promastigote infection rates of lu. longipalpis were 4.2, 2.2 and 3.2% respectively. anatomical localization of the infection in the insect, and biochemical characterization of the strains indicate that the parasite belongs to ...	1985	4002292
development of infective stage leishmania promastigotes within phlebotomine sand flies.	midgut promastigotes were obtained from phlebotomus papatasi and lutzomyia longipalpis on days 3-7 after infection with cloned isolates of leishmania major and leishmania mexicana amazonensis, respectively, and examined as to their ability to initiate cutaneous infections in balb/c mice. sequential development of midgut promastigotes from a noninfective to an infective stage was confirmed for both the new world and old world species. the generation of infective promastigotes from rapidly dividin ...	1985	4039899
studies on the biology of phleboviruses in sand flies (diptera: psychodidae). i. experimental infection of the vector.	this paper describes a series of experiments which were done to determine the behavior of 14 different phleboviruses in laboratory-reared sand flies (phlebotomus papatasi, p. perniciosus and lutzomyia longipalpis) after oral and parenteral infection. most of the viruses replicated in the sand flies after intrathoracic inoculation; however, the insects were quite refractory to oral infection. six of 11 phleboviruses tested were transovarially transmitted in one or more sand fly species. the perce ...	1984	6091466
carajas and maraba viruses, two new vesiculoviruses isolated from phlebotomine sand flies in brazil.	two new rhabdoviruses, designated carajas and maraba, are described. both were isolated from phlebotomine sand flies (lutzomyia spp.) collected in the amazon basin of brazil. one recovery of carajas virus was made from male sand flies. by complement-fixation and neutralization tests both agents were shown to be members of the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) serogroup (genus vesiculovirus). the pathogenicity of the two viruses in mice and vero cells is similar to that of vsv-indiana and vsv-new ...	1984	6091472
blood leukocyte response in hosts parasitized by the hematophagous arthropods triatoma protracta and lutzomyia longipalpis.	the kinetics of peripheral blood basophil and eosinophil responses in guinea pigs to multiple infestation by nymphal and adult triatoma protracta (vessel feeder) and adult lutzomyia longipalpis (pool feeder) were examined. hosts exhibited significant blood basophil and eosinophil responses to feeding by both arthropods. basophilia was slow to develop and mild in intensity following primary triatoma infestation but exhibited immediate anamnestic-type responses to secondary infestation, with marke ...	1984	6375409
leishmanial infections in lutzomyia longipalpis and lu. antunesi (diptera: psychodidae) on the island of marajó, pará state, brazil.		1984	6485061
[ecology of lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912) and possibilities of the existence of visceral leishmaniasis in costa rica].	a semiarid area of northwest costa rica where lutzomyia longipalpis is common in corrals around houses is described. monthly captures of the sandfly during two consecutive years for fixed periods of time indicated that the insect bites avidly cows, horses, pigs, dogs and humans. from a total of 14,215 specimens, 90.5% were males and the species is markedly more abundant during the dry season decreasing considerably when rain comes. the possibility that visceral leishmaniasis could become in the ...	1984	6533420
leishmania infections in lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera:psychodidae) on the island of são luis, maranhão state, brazil.	dissection of lutzomyia longipalpis, captured in the são luis focus of visceral leishmaniasis revealed a 1.8% promastigote infection rate.	1984	6535920
a simple method for experimental infection of phlebotomine sand flies with leishmania.	mouse macrophages, grown in continuous cell culture at 37 degrees c, were inoculated with the promastigote stage of various human pathogenic leishmania species. under these culture conditions, the parasites rapidly entered the cells and transformed into amastigotes. two or 3 days after inoculation, the infected macrophages were mixed with washed human erythrocytes and were fed to female sand flies (phlebotomus papatasi and lutzomyia longipalpis) through a chick skin membrane. within 7-10 days af ...	1984	6696182
replication of rift valley fever virus in the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis.	rift valley fever virus was shown to replicate in lutzomyia longipalpis after intrathoracic inoculation. viral titers peaked at approximately 4 days postinoculation [mean titer = 10(4.0) plaque forming units (pfu)] and remained relatively constant through day 7. a minimum of 6 of 326 sand flies transmitted virus by bite to susceptible hamsters after 5-9 days of extrinsic incubation. viral titers of sand flies exposed per os declined steadily through day 9. none of 378 flies that had ingested app ...	1984	6711746
leishmaniasis in brazil. xix: visceral leishmaniasis in the amazon region, and the presence of lutzomyia longipalpis on the island of marajó, pará state.	sporadic cases of visceral leishmaniasis in amazonian brazil appear limited to pará state, in the lower amazon valley and principally near the atlantic coast. the fox cerdocyon thous (l.) has been incriminated as a natural host of the causative parasite, leishmania donovani chagasi, but past doubts have existed over the identification of the most likely vector as lutzomyia (lutzomyia) longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912). investigations on two of five recent cases of visceral leishmaniasis of man in ...	1983	6623589
a simple technique for mass rearing lutzomyia longipalpis and phlebotomus papatasi (diptera: psychodidae) in the laboratory.		1983	6644754
detection of promastigote stage-specific antigens on leishmania mexicana amazonensis developing in the midgut of lutzomyia longipalpis.	previously described monoclonal antibodies ix-if9-d8, ix-2h7-e10 and ix-5h9-c1 recognize promastigote stage-specific determinants present on externally exposed membrane proteins of axenically cultured leishmania mexicana amazonensis. in the present study, these antigens were demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence to be present on promastigotes found in the gut lumen of infected lutzoymia longipalpis. the presence of these antigens on promastigotes found in infected sandflies suggests that t ...	1983	6359907
development of a continuous cell line from the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae), and its susceptibility to infection with arboviruses.		1983	6842527
laboratory tests of repellents against lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae).		1982	7086853
functional morphology of the midgut of a sandfly as compared to other hematophagous nematocera.	the midgut epithelium of female lutzomyia longipalpis was investigated by means of electron microscopic morphometry before and during blood digestion. ultrastructure and cytological changes of the stomach cells upon blood feeding were generally similar to the ones described for phlebotomus longipes (gemetchu, 1974) and for mosquitoes (hecker, 1977). in addition, the quantitative composition of the cells resembled the one of mosquitoes in many respects. despite some morphological differences in t ...	1982	7170711
the susceptibility of the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva), diptera, phlebotomidae, to laboratory infection with bluetongue virus.	bluetongue virus multiplied in the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis after intrathoracic inoculation but not after oral ingestion of virus. the level of virus multiplication was lower than that observed in similar experiments with the north american vector of bluetongue, culicoides variipennis. inoculated sandflies did not transmit virus after 6 to 9 days incubation at 25 degrees c. it is unlikely that l. longipalpis would be important in the maintenance of bluetongue virus in the wild.	1980	6247994
the susceptibility of lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz and neiva), diptera, psychodidae, to artificial infection with three viruses of the phlebotomus fever group.		1980	6257191
leishmania in phlebotomid sandflies. vii. on the taxonomic status of leishmania peruviana, causative agent of peruvian 'uta', as indicated by its development in the sandfly, lutzomyia longipalpis.	the name leishmania peruviana was given by velez (1913) to the parasite responsible for a form of cutaneous leishmaniasis known as 'uta'; this disease occurs in the peruvian andes. clinical similarities between uta and 'oriental sore', which is caused by leishmania tropica of the eastern hemisphere, have, however, led to the suggestion that uta is simply due to l. tropica, which was introduced into latin america by african slaves or european immigrants. leishmania species are divisible into thre ...	1979	43976
factors affecting egg production of laboratory-bred lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae).		1979	541814
the feeding habits of laboratory-bred lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae).		1978	633293
some methods for membrane feeding of laboratory reared, neotropical sandflies (diptera: psychodidae).	a brief introduction to the history and applications of membrane feeding is given, together with its use to feed and infect sandflies with leishmania. the present paper describes methods for feeding lutzomyia longipalpis and lu. flaviscutellata through membranes. of the membranes tested, chick skins and bat wings gave the best results. membranes stored at -20 degrees c for over a year were found to be less effective than fresh ones. blood meals were maintained at temperatures between 24 degrees ...	1978	666397
experimental transmission of leishmania chagasi, causative agent of neotropical visceral leishmaniasis, by the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis.		1977	859627
leishmania in phlebotomid sandflies. iv. the transmission of leishmania mexicana amazonensis to hamsters by the bite of experimentally infected lutzomyia longipalpis.		1977	15270
the establishment, maintenance and productivity of a laboratory colony of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae).		1977	845881
[new finding of phlebotom uses in the state of são paulo with special reference to lutzomyia longipalpis].		1976	945607
leishmania in phlebotomid sandflies. iii. the ultrastructure of leishmania mexicana amazonensis in the midgut and pharynx of lutzomyia longipalpis.		1975	240164
proceedings: demonstration of giant chromosomes in the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz and neiva, 1912).		1975	1216303
a laboratory culture of lutzomyia longipalpis.		1973	4801753
[the finding of lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz and neiva, 1912) in the state of são paulo, brazil. report].		1970	5528214
pheromones in mate choice and sexual isolation between siblings of lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera:psychodidae).	pheromone-disc contact experiments are described in which different populations of the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis from brazil were exposed to each others male pheromone extracts. the jacobina population reacted only to the conspecific pheromone. the sobral 2s population, however, would respond to the pheromone of jacobina males, but if given a choice showed a preference for conspecific extract. mate choice experiments are also described using sandflies of two pheromone types from sobral. one ...	1967	1841255
novel and viable acetylcholinesterase target site for developing effective and environmentally safe insecticides.	insect pests are responsible for human suffering and financial losses worldwide. new and environmentally safe insecticides are urgently needed to cope with these serious problems. resistance to current insecticides has resulted in a resurgence of insect pests, and growing concerns about insecticide toxicity to humans discourage the use of insecticides for pest control. the small market for insecticides has hampered insecticide development; however, advances in genomics and structural genomics of ...	0	22280344
standardization of a continuous assay for glycosidases and its use for screening insect gut samples at individual and populational levels.	glycoside hydrolases (ghs) are enzymes able to recognize and cleave glycosidic bonds. insect ghs play decisive roles in digestion, in plant-herbivore, and host-pathogen interactions. gh activity is normally measured by the detection of a release from the substrate of products as sugars units, colored, or fluorescent groups. in most cases, the conditions for product release and detection differ, resulting in discontinuous assays. the current protocols result in using large amounts of reaction mix ...	0	28553236
impact of the el niño/southern oscillation on visceral leishmaniasis, brazil.	we used time-series analysis and linear regression to investigate the relationship between the annual niño-3 index from 1980 to 1998 and the annual incidence of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in the state of bahia, brazil, during 1985-1999. an increase in vl incidence was observed in the post-el niño years 1989 (+38.7%) and 1995 (+33.5%). the regression model demonstrates that the previous year's mean niño-3 index and the temporal trend account for approximately 50% of the variance in the annual in ...	0	12194766
adaptive female choice for middle-aged mates in a lekking sandfly.	most theoretical models of age-related mate choice predict that females should prefer older males because they have proven survival ability. an alternative view is that older males represent inferior mates because of negative genetic correlations between early and late fitness components, or because older males have traded off longevity against other fitness components, have accumulated deleterious germ-line mutations, or are less well adapted to current conditions than more recently born indivi ...	0	10821613
comparison of optical microscopy and quantitative polymerase chain reaction for estimating parasitaemia in patients with kala-azar and modelling infectiousness to the vector lutzomyia longipalpis.	currently, the only method for identifying infective hosts with leishmania infantum to the vector lutzomyia longipalpis is xenodiagnosis. more recently, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) has been used to model human reservoir competence by assuming that detection of parasite dna indicates the presence of viable parasites for infecting vectors. since this assumption has not been proven, this study aimed to verify this hypothesis. the concentration of amastigotes in the peripheral bloo ...	0	27439033
human and canine visceral leishmaniasis in an emerging focus in araçuaí, minas gerais: spatial distribution and socio-environmental factors.	this study aimed to analyse the spatial distribution of human (2007-2013) and canine (2013) visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in the city of araçuaí, minas gerais, brazil, and identify the socio-environmental factors related to their occurrence. the spatial distribution of human and canine cases was analysed by kernel density estimation (kde) and the k function. the kde values were analysed for correlation between human and canine lv and for normalised difference vegetation index (ndvi). socio-environ ...	0	27384080
leishmania infantum and human visceral leishmaniasis, argentina.		0	22305425
oviposition behaviour of phlebotomus argentipes--a laboratory-based study.	the breeding habitat of sandflies is a little studied and poorly understood phenomenon. more importantly, oviposition behaviour is a largely neglected aspect of sandfly biology and this knowledge gap further undermines our understanding of the biology of sandflies. pheromones released by the eggs play an important role in identifying good sites for oviposition by female insects. several recent studies have examined the oviposition pheromone. the present study provides a preliminary report on the ...	0	24141963
canine visceral leishmaniasis case investigation in the jacare region of niteroi, rio de janeiro, brazil.	american visceral leishmaniasis is a vector-borne zoonosis in expansion in brazil. dogs are the main urban reservoir. departing from a case of canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) in jacaré, niterói, rio de janeiro state, an epidemiological canine and entomological study was performed to assess the extension of the disease at the location. sample was collected around the case and the dogs identified by serological tests (rapid double platform immunochromatographic exams, immunoenzymatic assay/eli ...	0	26422157
first case of autochthonous human visceral leishmaniasis in the urban center of rio de janeiro: case report.	visceral leishmaniasis is an anthropozoonosis that is caused by protozoa of the genus leishmania, especially leishmania (leishmania) infantum, and is transmitted to humans by the bite of sandflies of the genus lutzomyia, such as lutzomyia longipalpis. there are many reservoirs, including canis familiaris. it is a chronic infectious disease with systemic involvement that is characterized by three phases: the initial period, the state period and the final period. the main symptoms are fever, malnu ...	0	24553614
distinct cellular migration induced by leishmania infantum chagasi and saliva from lutzomyia longipalpis in a hemorrhagic pool model.	recruitment of a specific cell population after leishmania infection can influence the outcome of the disease. cellular migration in response to leishmania or vector saliva has been reported in air pouch model, however, cellular migration induced by leishmania associated with host's blood and vector saliva in this model has not been described. herein we investigated cellular migration into air pouch of hamster after stimulation with combination of l. chagasi and host's blood and lutzomyia longip ...	0	24553604
the concise guide to pharmacology 2013/14: g protein-coupled receptors.	the concise guide to pharmacology 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. the full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full. g protein-coupled receptors are one of the seven major pharmacological targets into ...	0	24517644
molecular analysis of an odorant-binding protein gene in two sympatric species of lutzomyia longipalpis s.l.	lutzomyia longipalpis s.l. is the main vector of american visceral leishmaniasis (avl) and occurs as a species complex. dna samples from two brazilian sympatric species that differ in pheromone and courtship song production were used to analyse molecular polymorphisms in an odorant-binding protein (obp29) gene. obps are proteins related to olfaction and are involved in activities fundamental to survival, such as foraging, mating and choice of oviposition site. in this study, the marker obp29 was ...	0	24473807
leishmania infantum chagasi in northeastern brazil: asymptomatic infection at the urban perimeter.	visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is endemic in large cities in brazil, including natal. we determined the prevalence of asymptomatic human infection with leishmania infantum chagasi and associated environmental risks around natal. infection was detected by leishmania skin test (lst) and anti-leishmanial antibodies in humans and anti-leishmanial antibodies in dogs. amongst 345 humans, 24.6% were seropositive, and 38.6% were lst-positive. prevalence of positive serology was similar in both sexes and ac ...	0	22232458
identification of risk areas for visceral leishmaniasis in teresina, piaui state, brazil.	this study used spatial analysis to identify areas at greatest risk of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in the urban area of teresina, brazil during 2001-2006. the results from kernel ratios showed that peripheral census tracts were the most heavily affected. local spatial analysis showed that in the beginning of the study period local clusters of high incidence of vl were mostly located in the southern and northeastern parts of the city, but in subsequent years those clusters also appeared in the no ...	0	21540375
pharmacology and functions of receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide: iuphar review 1.	vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (pacap) are members of a superfamily of structurally related peptide hormones that includes glucagon, glucagon-like peptides, secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide (gip) and growth hormone-releasing hormone (ghrh). vip and pacap exert their actions through three gpcrs - pac(1) , vpac(1) and vpac(2) - belonging to class b (also referred to as class ii, or secretin receptor-like gpcrs). this family comprises ...	0	22289055
the concise guide to pharmacology 2015/16: g protein-coupled receptors.	the concise guide to pharmacology 2015/16 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 1750 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. the full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.13348/full. g protein-coupled receptors are one of the eight major pharmacological targets into ...	0	26650439
insecticidal effect of plant extracts on phlebotomus argentipes (diptera: psychodidae) in bihar, india.	phlebotomus argentipes (diptera: psychodidae), the established vector for kala-azar is presently being controlled by indoor residual spray of ddt in kala-azar endemic areas in india. search for non-hazardous and non-toxic biodegradable active molecules from botanicals may provide cost-effective and eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic insecticides. the present study was aimed at evaluating various plant extracts from endemic and non-endemic areas of bihar for their insecticidal activity agains ...	0	26905249
vectorborne transmission of leishmania infantum from hounds, united states.	leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by predominantly vectorborne leishmania spp. in the united states, canine visceral leishmaniasis is common among hounds, and l. infantum vertical transmission among hounds has been confirmed. we found that l. infantum from hounds remains infective in sandflies, underscoring the risk for human exposure by vectorborne transmission.	0	26583260
salivary apyrases of triatoma infestans are assembled into homo-oligomers.	apyrase activity is present in the saliva of haematophagous arthropods. it is related to blood-feeding because of the apyrase ability to hydrolyse adp, a key component of platelet aggregation. five apyrases with apparent molecular masses of 88, 82, 79, 68 and 67 kda were identified in the saliva of the vector of chagas disease, triatoma infestans. the large size observed during purification of these enzymes suggested oligomerization. in the present study, we confirmed, using gel-filtration and a ...	0	16542158
genomic, rnaseq, and molecular modeling evidence suggests that the major allergen domain in insects evolved from a homodimeric origin.	the major allergen domain (ma) is widely distributed in insects. the crystal structure of a single bla g 1 ma revealed a novel protein fold in which the fundamental structure was a duplex of two subsequences (monomers), which had diverged over time. this suggested that the evolutionary origin of the ma structure may have been a homodimer of this smaller subsequence. using publicly available genomic data, the distribution of the basic unit of this class of proteins was determined to better unders ...	0	24253356
kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitors in the midgut of phlebotomus papatasi.	sandflies (diptera: psychodidae) are important disease vectors of parasites of the genus leishmania, as well as bacteria and viruses. following studies of the midgut transcriptome of phlebotomus papatasi, the principal vector of leishmania major, two non-classical kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitors were identified (ppkzl1 and ppkzl2). analyses of expression profiles indicated that ppkzl1 and ppkzl2 transcripts are both regulated by blood-feeding in the midgut of p. papatasi and are also exp ...	0	24037187
sand fly-leishmania interactions: long relationships are not necessarily easy.	sand fly and leishmania are one of the best studied vector-parasite models. much is known about the development of these parasites within the sand fly, and how transmission to a suitable vertebrate host takes place. various molecules secreted by the vector assist the establishment of the infection in a vertebrate, and changes to the vector are promoted by the parasites in order to facilitate or enhance transmission. despite a generally accepted view that sand flies and leishmania are also one of ...	0	24159365
light-emitting diode technology improves insect trapping.	in a climate of increased funding for vaccines, chemotherapy, and prevention of vector-borne diseases, fewer resources have been directed toward improving disease and vector surveillance. recently developed light-emitting diode (led) technology was applied to standard insect-vector traps to produce a more effective lighting system. this approach improved phlebotomine sand fly capture rates by 50%, and simultaneously reduced the energy consumption by 50-60%. the leds were incorporated into 2 ligh ...	0	18666546
essential oil composition, antimicrobial and pharmacological activities of lippia sidoides cham. (verbenaceae) from são gonçalo do abaeté, minas gerais, brazil.	lippia sidoides (verbenaceae) is used in brazilian folk medicine as an antiseptic, and it is usually applied topically on skin, mucous membranes, mouth, and throat, or used for vaginal washings.	0	27867267
insights into the preservation of the homomorphic sex-determining chromosome of aedes aegypti from the discovery of a male-biased gene tightly linked to the m-locus.	the preservation of a homomorphic sex-determining chromosome in some organisms without transformation into a heteromorphic sex chromosome is a long-standing enigma in evolutionary biology. a dominant sex-determining locus (or m-locus) in an undifferentiated homomorphic chromosome confers the male phenotype in the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. genetic evidence suggests that the m-locus is in a nonrecombining region. however, the molecular nature of the m-locus has not been characterized. u ...	0	24398378
countermeasure development for rift valley fever: deletion, modification or targeting of major virulence factor nss.	rift valley fever (rvf) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease characterized by a high rate of abortion in ruminants, and febrile illness, hemorrhagic fever, retinitis and encephalitis in humans. rvf is caused by the rvf virus (rvfv), belonging to the genus phlebovirus of the family bunyaviridae. rvfv encodes a major virulence factor, nss, which is dispensable for viral replication, yet required for evasion of host innate immune responses. rvfv nss inhibits host gene upregulation at the transcript ...	0	24910709
circadian clock of aedes aegypti: effects of blood-feeding, insemination and rna interference.	mosquitoes are the culprits of some of the most important vector borne diseases. a species' potential as a vector is directly dependent on their pattern of behaviour, which is known to change according to the female's physiological status such as whether the female is virgin/mated and unfed/blood-fed. however, the molecular mechanism triggered by and/or responsible for such modulations in behaviour is poorly understood. clock genes are known to be responsible for the control of circadian behavio ...	0	24473806
circadian rhythms in insect disease vectors.	organisms from bacteria to humans have evolved under predictable daily environmental cycles owing to the earth's rotation. this strong selection pressure has generated endogenous circadian clocks that regulate many aspects of behaviour, physiology and metabolism, anticipating and synchronising internal time-keeping to changes in the cyclical environment. in haematophagous insect vectors the circadian clock coordinates feeding activity, which is important for the dynamics of pathogen transmission ...	0	24473802
heterogeneities in the transmission of infectious agents: implications for the design of control programs.	from an analysis of the distributions of measures of transmission rates among hosts, we identify an empirical relationship suggesting that, typically, 20% of the host population contributes at least 80% of the net transmission potential, as measured by the basic reproduction number, r0. this is an example of a statistical pattern known as the 20/80 rule. the rule applies to a variety of disease systems, including vector-borne parasites and sexually transmitted pathogens. the rule implies that co ...	0	8990210
foreword.		0	24473796
cloning and expression analysis of the bombyx mori α-amylase gene (amy) from the indigenous thai silkworm strain, nanglai.	α-amylase is a common enzyme for hydrolyzing starch. in the silkworm, bombyx mori l. (lepidoptera: bombycidae), α-amylase is found in both digestive fluid and hemolymph. here, the complete genomic sequence of the amy gene encoding α-amylase from a local thai silkworm, the nanglai strain, was obtained. this gene was 7981 bp long with 9 exons. the full length amy cdna sequence was 1749 bp containing a 1503 bp open reading frame. the orf encoded 500 amino acid residues. the deduced protein showed 8 ...	0	21529256
leishmania amazonensis exhibits phosphatidylserine-dependent procoagulant activity, a process that is counteracted by sandfly saliva.	leishmania parasites expose phosphatidylserine (ps) on their surface, a process that has been associated with regulation of host's immune responses. in this study we demonstrate that ps exposure by metacyclic promastigotes of leishmania amazonensis favours blood coagulation. l. amazonensis accelerates in vitro coagulation of human plasma. in addition, l. amazonensis supports the assembly of the prothrombinase complex, thus promoting thrombin formation. this process was reversed by annexin v whic ...	0	24037188
genome-wide analysis of the odorant-binding protein gene family in drosophila melanogaster.	olfaction is of considerable importance to many insects in behaviors critical for survival and reproduction, including location of food sources, selection of mates, recognition of colony con-specifics, and determination of oviposition sites. an ubiquitous, but poorly understood, component of the insect's olfactory system is a group of odorant-binding proteins (obps) that are present at high concentrations in the aqueous lymph surrounding the dendrites of olfactory receptor neurons. obps are beli ...	0	12213773
the harmonic convergence of fathers predicts the mating success of sons in aedes aegypti.	during courtship males often communicate information about their fitness to females. the matching of harmonic components of flight tone in male-female pairs of flying mosquitoes, or harmonic convergence, was recently described. this behaviour occurs prior to mating and has been suggested to function in mate selection. we investigated the hypothesis that harmonic convergence is a component of mosquito courtship. a key prediction of this hypothesis is that harmonic convergence should provide infor ...	0	22003255
peptides encoded by short orfs control development and define a new eukaryotic gene family.	despite recent advances in developmental biology, and the sequencing and annotation of genomes, key questions regarding the organisation of cells into embryos remain. one possibility is that uncharacterised genes having nonstandard coding arrangements and functions could provide some of the answers. here we present the characterisation of tarsal-less (tal), a new type of noncanonical gene that had been previously classified as a putative noncoding rna. we show that tal controls gene expression a ...	0	17439302
identification of leishmania infantum in puerto iguazú, misiones, argentina.	the emergence of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (zvl) in latin america is a growing public health problem. the urbanization of zvl has been observed in different countries around the world, and there are a growing number of reports drawing attention to the emergence of this infection in new locations, as well as its increase in previously established areas of endemicity. in the city of posadas, misiones province, northeastern argentina, the transmission of zvl associated with canines and lutzom ...	0	25923899