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trypanosoma congolense: calf erythrocyte survival. 1979456461
immune depression in trypanosome-infected mice. ii. characterization of the spleen cell types involved.spleen cells from trypanosoma congolense-infected mice showed a drastic depression in their capacity to respond to b and t lymphocyte mitogens and to allogeneic spleen cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures. spleen cells from infected mice were also poor stimulators in mixed lymphocyte cultures. the poor responsiveness or stimulation capacity was not due simply to dilution of relevant b or t lymphocytes by the large number of null cells found in the spleens of infected animals. these null cells expr ...1979156119
immune depression in trypanosoma congolense-infected mice. 1979157058
bovine trypanosomiasis: effect on the immune response of the infected host.yearling cattle were inoculated with a recently isolated field strain of trypanosoma congolense. dinitrophenylated ovalbumin, a bacteriophage, or bovine parainfluenza-3 virus injected into the cattle during the first 5 weeks of infection resulted in peak serum antibody titers lower but not much lower than those produced by noninfected cattle. primary and secondary antibody responses of inoculated cattle required more time to reach peak titers. peripheral blood lymphocyte concentrations decreased ...1979224735
suppressor cells in trypanosoma congolense-infected mice.spleen cells from mice infected with t. congolense strongly suppressed lymphocyte stimulation induced in normal spleen cells by incubation with mitogens or allogeneic cells. cell dilution studies showed that suppressor activity was extremely strong. suppressor cell activity was markedly reduced by treatment of spleen cell populations with mitomycin-c and was unaffected by treatment with anti-thy.1 sera and complement. removal of cells which bound carbonyl iron or which bound to nylon columns, de ...1979313686
the pathogenesis of trypanosoma congolense infection in calves. iii. neutropenia and myeloid response.calves infected with trypanosoma congolense treu 112 had, at the onset of anemia, a very low total white cell count and neutropenia but with chronicity there was lymphocytosis. infected calves had a marked reduction in granulocyte mobilization for the first 14 weeks of infection and there was reduced ability to mount an inflammatory response during the onset of anemia. bone marrow aspiration biopsies showed marked erythroid hyperplasia in response to the anemia with a relative and likely absolut ...1979380120
the pathogenesis of trypanosoma congolense infection in calves. v. quantitative histological changes.calves infected with trypanosoma congolense treu 112 had generalized microvascular dilation which was most prominent in the liver and the mesentery; there also was increase in cellularity in the lung with significant alveolar thickening and accumulation of hemosiderin-bearing cells in the alveolar septa, focal accumulations of lymphocytes primarily at the corticomedullary junction of the kidneys and a well developed glomerulonephritis, likely membranoproliferative. reticuloendothelial changes we ...1979442464
bovine trypanosomiasis: the red cell kinetics of ndama and zebu cattle infected with trypanosoma congolense.the responses of susceptible ndama and zebu cattle to needle challenge with trypanosoma congolense were followed using parasitological, haematological and radio-isotopic methods and compared with those of corresponding uninfected animals. in both breeds, infection became patent at the same time but peak parasitaemias were significantly lower, were attained later and were of short duration in the ndama. all infected animals became anaemic, the severity of which correlated with the level and durat ...1979481905
inhibition of bovine bone marrow granulocyte/macrophage colony formation in vitro by serum collected from cattle infected with trypanosoma vivax or trypanosoma congolense.serum collected from cattle infected with trypanosoma vivax or trypanosoma congolense inhibited bovine granulocyte/macrophage colony formation in methyl cellulose cultures. maximum inhibition was caused by serum collected two and three weeks post infection. the degree of inhibition appeared to be related to the degree of parasitemia. inhibition of erythroid colony formation by serum collected from these animals was not observed.1979483385
trypanosomes in the lymph nodes of cattle and sheep infected with trypanosoma congolense.the prefemoral lymph nodes of two calves and a sheep infected with a stock of trypanosoma congolense transmitted by glossina morsitans were examined histologically for the presence of trypanosomes. ten days after infection trypanosomes were found in the subcapsular sinuses of the nodes of a calf and the sheep but parasites were absent from the blood at this time. trypanosomes were also detected in the prefemeral lymph node of the other calf on examination 30 days after infection, when parasites ...1979504804
trypanosoma congolense: inheritance of susceptibility to infection in inbred strains of mice. 1979510441
trypanosoma congolense: mechanical removal of the surface coat in vitro. 1979510443
maintenance of infectivity of trypanosoma congolense in vitro with explants of infected skin at 37 degrees c. 1979555067
non-specific induction of increased resistance in mice to trypanosoma congolense and trypanosoma brucei by immunostimulants.administration of the immunostimulants corynebacterium parvum, bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) or bordetella pertussis prior to, or at the same time as, challenge with trypanosoma congolense significantly increased survival times in mice, both of trypano-susceptible (a/j) and trypano-resistant (c57bl) strains. the increased survival time was associated with significant alterations in parasitaemia, which included lengthening of the pre-patent period, a delay in the time taken to reach the first pe ...197944360
observations on the antigenicity and serological relationships of stocks of trypanosoma congolense from east and west africa.antigenic relationships of 4 stocks of trypanosoma congolense from different parts of africa were examined by immunofluorescence (ifat) and neutralization tests. antisera to each stock were obtained from rabbits infected with trypanosomes transmitted by glossina morsitans. trypanosomes for use as antigens were obtained from local skin reactions developing on rabbits infected with 2 of the stocks. using the ifat and antisera at end-point dilutions approximately 40% of the trypanosomes fluoresced ...197994428
conversion of dihydroorotate to orotate in parasitic protozoa.the conversion of dihydroorotate to orotate, one of the key reactions in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, has been studied in a number of parasitic protozoa. enzyme activities capable of carrying out this reaction were detected in six members of the kinetoplastida (trypanosoma brucei, trypanosoma congolense, trypanosoma vivax, trypanosoma lewisi, trypanosoma cruzi, leishmania enriettii) and three members of the genus plasmodium (p. knowlesi, p. berghei, p. gallinaceum). the mechanism ...1979217438
suppression of antibody response to leptospira biflexa and brucella abortus and recovery from immunosuppression after berenil treatment.zebu cattle infected with either trypanosoma congolense eatro 1800 or trypanosoma vivax eatro 1721 had suppressed humoral immune responses to leptospira biflexa injected intravenously and to attenuated brucella abortus injected subcutaneously. t. congolense infections were more suppressive than t. vivax infections. in cattle infected with t. vivax, the suppression of immune responses to both bacterial immunogens was abrogated when the animals were treated with berenil at the time of antigen admi ...1979118933
in vitro binding of trypanosoma congolense to erythrocytes.trypanosoma congolense broden, an intravascular parasite, binds to vessel walls and erythrocytes of infected hosts. in an attempt to characterize t. congolense adhesion to host cells, an in vitro assay was devised. it was shown in the in vitro experiments that t. congolense binds to bovine, sheep, and goat erythrocytes, but not always to erythrocytes of rats, mice, rabbits, horses or humans. only the anterior part of live trypanosomes adheres to erythrocytes, and the attachment site on the trypa ...197939167
the resistance of trypanosoma congolense, t. vivax and t. evansi to human plasma.tests were made in mice on the resistance of cattle trypanosomes to human plasma. 12 stocks of trypanosoma, congolense were tested' three were fully resistant, eight were moderately or highly resistant, and one was fully sensitive. four stocks of t. vivax were tested; two were fully resistant, one was somewhat resistant, and one was highly sensitive. two stocks of t. evansi were tested; both fully sensitive. the possibility is discussed that t. congolense and t. vivax might produce transient inf ...1978705847
binding of trypanosoma congolense to the walls of small blood vessels.the mesenteric microvasculature was studied in rats and rabbits infected with trypanosoma congolense. by examining vessels in the living animals, trypanosomes were observed to adhere to vessel walls by their anterior ends. it was evident from stained preparations of the vessels that the microcirculation contained 4-1400 times as many trypanosomes as were free in the cardiac blood. parasites were more numerous in very small vessels than in larger vessels, and they were clustered in groups within ...1978690955
immunologic analysis of host plasma proteins on bloodstream forms of african pathogenic trypanosomes. ii. identification and quantitation of surface-bound albumin, nonspecific igg, and complement on trypanosoma congolense. 197898621
attempted protection of zebu cattle against trypanosomiasis using a multi-stabilate vaccine.the protective value of double vaccination with 11 recently isolated stabilates of trypanosoma congolense given either as live or dead organisms, followed by trypanocidal therapy, was assessed in zebu cattle subsequently challenged by nine of the original stabilates. both vaccination regimens failed to prevent the animals becoming parasitaemic and eventually succumbing to the infection, although the mean survival times and prepatent periods of the calves which received the live vaccine were long ...1978705039
the absence of trypanosoma congolense from the lymph of an infected sheep.the lymph draining the prefemoral lymph node of a sheep infected with trypanosoma congolense was examined over a period of 10 days. only six trypanosomes were detected in 1500 ml of this fluid during this time, in spite of the animal having about 65,000 organisms/ml in its blood. it is concluded that the suggestion that t congolense is a strict plasma parasite is essentially proven for this specific situation.1978705045
susceptibility of inbred strains of mice to trypanosoma congolense: correlation with changes in spleen lymphocyte populations.a comparison was made of the susceptibility of eight inbred strains of mice to infection with trypanosoma congolense. marked differences in susceptibility as judged by survival were found between the different strains. the capacity of certain strains to survive longer than others appeared to be related to their ability to limit the numbers of trypanosomes in the circulation. there was no difference in the infectivity of t. congolense for mice of high and low susceptibility. furthermore, the find ...1978307464
trypanosoma congolense: thrombocytopenia in experimentally infected cattle. 1978668836
mechanisms of the anemia in trypanosomiasis: studies on the role of the hemolytic fatty acids derived from trypanosoma congolense.trypanosoma congolense releases a number of hemolytic free fatty acids on autolysis of which the most potent is linoleic acid. these fatty acids can lyse washed rat and bovine erythrocytes in vitro. autolysed t. congoleuse will cause increased fragility of erythrocytes in whole rat blood but not in whole bovine blood. the lack of effect of these fatty acids on bovine erythrocytes tends to be confirmed by the failure of this material to influence the survival of these cells in vivo. calculations ...1978644654
an extravascular site of development of trypanosoma congolense. 1978643055
characterisation of the surface coat of trypanosoma congolense. 1978625332
mitogenicity of autolysates of trypanosoma congolense.autolysates of trypanosoma congolense, in subcytotoxic amounts, were found to be highly mitogenic in vitro for the spleen cells of normal mice. significant amounts of [3h]-thymidine were also incorporated by the responding spleen cells of nu/nu (athymic) mice. in contrast, the spleen cells of cyclophosphamide-treated mice were unresponsive. the findings suggest that a potent b-cell-mitogen is generated by the autolysing t. congolense organism.1978620724
circadian rhythms of trypanosoma congolense in laboratory rodents. 1978366815
the generation of phospholipase a and hemolytic fatty acids by autolysing suspensions of trypanosoma congolense.when t. congolense undergoes autolysis there is a concomitant appearance of phospholipase a activity and hemolytic fatty acids. the generation of enzyme activity is exponential, and the appearance of hemolytic activity corresponds to a free fatty acid concentration of 0.02 to 0.03 mg. per ml. the concentration of the trypanosome suspension markedly affected the kinetics of the generation process. in contrast, the autolysis of t. lewisi did not generate hemolytic activity unless exogenous phospho ...1978347651
diazoniobenzenesulfonate as marker for cell surface proteins: study of the surface coat of trypanosoma congolense.it is possible to label selectively the surface coat of trypanosoma congolense with radioactive sulfanilic acid diazonium salt. as demonstrated by both sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing, radioactivity is incorporated into only one protein, which has a molecular weight of 57 000 and an isoelectric point of 6.25. this indicates that the surface coat of t. congolense is a homogeneous layer, composed of molecules of one type of protein.1978711154
the pathogenesis of trypanosoma congolense infection in calves. i. clinical observations and gross pathological changes.holstein calves infected with trypanosoma congolense treu 112 had intermittent fever, debility and a poor hair coat. at postmortem examination the most significant findings were enlargement of the liver, kidneys and spleen and increased volume of hematopoietic marrow. a group of 13 calves infected for 18 weeks had marked enlargement of lymph nodes throughout the body and hemal nodes were prominent in the sublumbar area caudal to the kidneys. another group infected for 7 weeks had no increase in ...1978716157
the aetiology and significance of the phagocytosis of erythrocytes and leucocytes in sheep infected with trypanosoma congolense (broden, 1904).the phagocytosis of erythrocytes and leucocytes in sheep infected with trypanosoma congolense is shown to be due to the coating of the blood cells with trypanosomal antigen. the occurrence of the phagocytic activity is dependent on fluctuations of the parasitaemia and is significant in maintaining the anaemic state of the subject.1978343212
immunosuppressive effect of trypanosoma congolense and trypanosoma vivax on the secondary immune response of cattle to mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides.trypanosoma congolense and t vivax infections in cattle were shown to have a suppressive effect on the secondary humoral immune response to m mycoides. the trypanosome infections caused an involution of the thymus. the secondary response was biphasic in nature and was unrelated to infection with trypanosomes.1978373035
experimental bovine trypanosomiasis. changes in serum immunoglobulins, complement and complement components in infected animals.in three calves experimentally infected with trypanosoma congolense the amounts of igg1 and igg2 were little changed and similar to those of normal animals. igm increased in amount early in the infection and the amount of the increase appeared related to the parasite burden. the amounts of iga and ige were both much decreased and this also appeared related to the numbers of parasites in the blood. there was a decrease in the amounts of total haemolytic complement and complement components c1, c1 ...1978721142
lectin analysis of trypanosoma congolense bloodstream trypomastigote and culture procyclic surface saccharides by agglutination and electron microscopic technics.living, intact bloodstream trypomastigotes and culture procyclic forms of trypanosoma congolense were tested for aggulination with the lectins concanavalin a (con a), phytohemagglutinin p (pp), wheat germ agglutinin (wga), soybean agglutinin (sba), and fucose binding protein (fbp). similar experiments were conducted with living bloodstream and culture forms treated with trypsin or dextranase. parasites were incubated for 30 min at 25 c in various concentrations of each lectin, then examined for ...1978739411
the susceptibility of strains of mice to infection with trypanosoma congolense.the survival times of a number of strains of mice after infection with a stabilate of trypanosoma brucei or of t congolense were examined. the mean survival times of all the strains when infected with t brucei treu 667 ranged from 27 to 63 days. greater disparity was observed after infection with t congolense gvr1 where the mean survival time ranged from seven (balb/c) to 74 days (c57 bl). it is suggested that the c57 bl mouse might provide a laboratory model for the study of trypanotolerance in ...1978749094
the pathogenesis of trypanosoma congolense infection in calves. ii. anemia and erythroid response.the anemia caused by trypanosoma conogolense treu 112 in holstein calves was of moderate severity and normochromic, macrocytic in the acute phase changing to normochromic, normocytic with chronicity. the anemia was hemolytic and responsive as shown by sharply decreased myeloid:erythroid ratio and increased mean corpuscular volume. 51cr red cell labelling studies showed that red cell lifespan was halved in the acute phase and there was an increase in plasma volume. surface organ counting of liver ...1978751311
experimental bovine trypanosomiasis. changes in the catabolism of serum immunoglobulins and complement components in infected cattle.the turnover of serum proteins of calves experimentally infected with trypanosoma congolense was compared to that of normal uninfected cattle. all proteins examined had much increased catabolic rates in infected animals. in normal animals the average half-lives in days for each protein were: igg1 17.4, igg2 22.4, igm 4.8, iga 3.4, ige 1.9, c1 5.6 and c3 2.9. in trypanosome infected cattle the average half-lives were igg1 1.9, igg2 1.7, igm 0.9, iga 1.2, ige 0.9, c1 1.2 and c3 1.1 days.1978721141
the release of soluble vasoactive material from trypanosoma congolense in intraperitoneal diffusion chambers.millipore diffusion chambers containing living or lysed trypanosoma congolense cause a local inflammatory reaction when implanted intraperitoneally into rats. empty chambers do not do this. the active material is of low molecular weight and is possibly peptide in nature. it appears to act by increasing local vascular permeability. it was found to be neither chemotactic nor cytotoxic in several assay systems. it is considered that this material may contribute to the pathogenesis of t. congolense ...1977860314
the generation and identification of the hemolysin of trypanosoma congolense.the hemolytic activity of trypanosoma congolense appears to be due to the presence of free fatty acids generated by the action of phospholipase a on endogenous phosphatidyl choline. some lysolecithin also contributes to the lytic activity. trypanosoma lewisi, being devoid of phospholipase a, does not generate free fatty acids and is therefore non-hemolytic.1977891767
trypanosomiasis:goats as a possible reservoir of trypanosoma congolense in the republic of the sudan.experimental trypanosoma congolense infections of goats and calves were compared. goats developed a chronic form of trypanosomiasis, often recovering spontaneously from a strain which caused an acute fatal disease in calves. goats may be important in the maintenace of t. congolense in nature in the sudan.1977910302
fluorescent antibody analysis of host plasma components on bloodstream forms or african pathogenic trypanosomes. i. host specificity and time of accretion in trypanosoma congolense. 1977328843
a comparative study of the responses of the thymus, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow of the albino rat to infection with trypanosoma congolense and trypanosoma brucei.using 90 albino rats, a comparison was made between the response to experimental infections of trypanosoma brucei and t congolense of approximately three weeks duration by observation of parasitaemia, packed cell volume values, post mortem spleen and lymph weights, and histology of thymus, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow. in t congolense infection, phagocytosis of trypanosomes in the spleen appeared to be the main response of the host's haemopoietic tissues to the parasites, which were obser ...1977928984
trypanosoma congolense: partial cyclic development in a glossina cell system and oxygen consumption. 1977915617
studies on antigenic variation of cyclically transmitted trypanosoma congolense.antigenic variants of t. congolense transmitted by g. m. morsitans through normal and x-irradiated mice were investigated by means of the neutralization test and ifat. clones of a cyclically passaged derivative strain were isolated from irradiated and normal mice. the ifat revealed cross immunofluorescent reactions between most of the stabilates, whereas only the two clones obtained from irradiated mice were totally neutralized by their homologous antisera. these two antisera showed no cross neu ...197767787
anaemia in trypanosomiasis: mechanisms of erythrocyte destruction in mice infected with trypanosoma congolense or t. brucei.studies in mice infected with t. brucei or t. congolense showed that increased red cell destruction in the spleen occurred as from the third day of patent parasitaemia and this resulted in a marked reduction of the half-life of transfused syngeneic 51cr labelled cells. there was a progressive increase in the osmotic fragility of the red cells, especially in t. congolense infected mice which also showed a more severe anaemia. the antiglobulin test was only rarely positive in the late stages of t. ...197716466
comparative studies on the laboratory diagnosis of experimental trypanosoma congolense infection in sheep.comparative studies on the laboratory diagnosis of sheep experimentally infected with t. congolense were carried out by parasitological and serological methods during a period of 53 weeks. trypanosomes were most numerous in the first weeks after inoculation, when they were detectable by all three parasitological tests: the wet mount preparation, the haematocrit centrifuge technique, and the mouse inoculation test. in the later stages of the infection, trypanosomes were observed intermittently by ...1976773317
the response to trypanosoma congolense infection in calves. determination of immunoglobulins igg1, igg2, igm and c3 levels and the complement fixing antibody titres during the course of infection.serum immunoglobulins, igg1, igg2, igm and c3 levels and the complement fixing antibody titres were determined over a period of 15 to 18 weeks in 13 calves infected with trypanosoma congolense. the mean igm concentration increased from 2.88 mg/ml prior to infection to 23.75 mg/ml at the 3rd week after infection. this level dropped by the 5th week but elevated values of 13-19 mg/ml were maintained until the end of the experiment. the mean igg1 level increased from 10.55 mg/ml to a peak of 26.90 m ...19761006799
the generation of toxic activity from trypanosoma congolense.trypanosoma congolense organism, on incubation at 20 degrees c for 91/2h, were found to generate phospholipase like activity which was capable of mediating lysis of both nucleated cells and erythrocytes as well as acute inflammatory response on intradermal inoculation.19761021440
studies on the anemia in experimental african trypanosomiasis. ii. the pathogenesis of the anemia in calves infected with trypanosoma congolense.it was postulated that the anemia commonly seen in mammalian trypanosomiasis, and specifically in trypanosoma congolense-infected calves, was of immunological origin. specifically, we postulated that trypanosome antigen-antibody-complement complexes, deposited on the surface of erythrocytes of infected calves, resulted in their immune elimination leading to clinical anemia. this hypothesis was tested experimentally. immunoglobulins bound to the erythrocytes of 13 infected calves were detected by ...1976937631
letter: circadian rhythms in trypanosoma congolense. 1976960209
the immune response of zebu cattle infection with trypanosoma congolense and t. vivax.zebu cattle were infected with trypanosoma congolense and t. vivax and changes in the levels of serum immunoglobulins were measured during infection and after treatment. increases in the levels of igm occurred within 14 days of infection coincidentally with the first appearance of trypanosomes in the peripheral blood. igm levels rose to 2-10 times preinfection levels and remained high until the animals were treated with diminazene aceturate. levels then declined to approximately pre-infection le ...1976938121
[adherence phenomena in trypanosoma congolense (author's transl)].two adherence phenomena in trypanosoma congolense as a possible cause of trypanosome aggregation in the capillaries of certain organs are described: 1. adherence of trypanosomes to blood cells of nonimmune mice, 2. dovetailing of trypanosome membranes into one another and into the vessel wall.1976982553
lymphocyte function in experimental african trypanosomiasis: mitogenic effects of trypanosome extracts in vitro.extracts of trypanosoma brucei and trypanosoma congolense were incubated in vitro with nonimmune lymphocytes of mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits in order to test for mitogenic effects or for other characteristics of polyclonal b lymphocyte activators. trypanosome extracts (te) were not mitogenic for spleen cells of mice, rats, and guinea pigs in vitro, nor did the parasite extracts alter the mitogenic responses of lymphocytes from these animals to known b- and t-cell mitogens. te also failed ...1976992878
animal trypanosomiasis in zambia: incidence in cattle in southern province. 197616300132
the erythrokinetics of zebu cattle chronically infected with trypanosoma congolense.the erythrokinetics of ethiopian zebu cattle infected with t congolense were studied at 12-16 weeks after infection using 59fe and 51cr-labelled red cells. the severe anaemia which developed as a result of the infectionw as found to be due principally to a massive loss of red cells from the circulation.19751118657
letter: effect of dexamethasone upon trypanosoma congolense infection in calves. 19751166500
[course of trypanosoma musculi infections in nmri mice (author's transl)].the trypanosomes multiply during prepatency after minimal infection by a factor of 2.2-3.6 per day. during patency, increase of trypanosome number in the peripheral blood is basically non-logarithmic as the actual proliferating forms remain hidden in special vascular areas (kidney, placenta). the mean increase during patency is approximately linear, typically by 1-10 trypanosomes per 10(4) erythrocytes per day, and depends on the number of infective organisms introduced. - length of parasitemia ...19751236679
a high incidence of trypanosoma congolense strains resistant to homidium bromide in ethiopia. 19744460320
trypanosoma congolense. 3. serological responses of experimentally infected cattle. 19744602118
trypanosoma congolense. ii. histopathologic findings in experimentally infected cattle. 19744843565
trypanosoma congolense. i. clinical observations of experimentally infected cattle. 19744846489
suppression of cell-mediated immunity in experimental african trypanosomiasis.adult new zealand white rabbits were experimentally infected with a parasitic african hemoflagellate, trypanosoma congolense, and were subsequently tested for in vivo and in vitro aspects of cell-mediated immune function. chronically infected rabbits were sensitized to mycobacterial protein and skin-tested with purified protein derivative; all infected animals demonstrated much milder skin-test responses to antigen than control groups. similarly, peripheral blood lymphocyte responses in vitro to ...19744854532
distribution of trypanosoma congolense in tissues of cattle. 19734784084
the infectivity of trypanosoma congolense of rats. 19734784085
serological studies on trypanosomiasis in east africa. 3. comparison of antigenic types of trypanosoma congolense organisms isolated from wild flies. 19734761940
iron metabolism in trypanosoma congolense infection in zebu cattle: serum iron and serum iron-binding capacity. 19734778487
effects of pregnancy on trypanosoma congolense infection in rats: serum biochemistry and cellular disorders. 19734787703
experimental transmission of trypanosoma brucei and trypanosoma congolense in rats and guinea pigs through skin and intact mucous membranes. 19734787712
letter: release of biologically active material from dying trypanosoma congolense in rats. 19734788771
[immunological studies on trypanosomiasis. 2. current observations on the fundamental antigenic type of a strain of trypanosoma congolense]. 19734801988
phagocytosis of erythrocytes and leucocytes in sheep infected with trypanosoma congolense (broden 1904). 19734803581
[immunologic studies on trypanosomiases. iv. various observations on trypanosoma congolense]. 19734807988
tests for antibody- and cell-mediated hypersensitivity to trypanosome antigens in rabbits infected with trypanosoma congolense.rabbits infected with trypanosoma congolense were tested for immediate and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to parasite antigens. positive skin-test reactions were exclusively of the arthus type, as shown by sequential histological analyses which revealed that more than 90% of the infiltrating cells at 24 hr postinjection were polymorphonuclear neutrophils. skin reactions could be elicited in normal rabbits by intradermal injection of trypanosome antigen-antibody complexes. the absence of ...19724634458
trypanosoma congolense: immunization of mice, dogs, and cattle with gamma-irradiated parasites. 19724648294
trypanosoma congolense: latex-fixation test for diagnosis of rabbit infections. 19724622042
trypanosoma congolense: fine structure study by the carbon replica and freeze-etch technique. 19724558417
immunological aspects of bovine trypanosomiasis. i. immune response of cattle to infection with trypanosoma congolense and the antigenic variation of the infecting organisms. 19724559021
susceptibility of glossina austeni and g. morsitans to infection with trypanosoma congolense. 19725048802
antigenic types of a strain of trypanosoma congolense after cyclical transmission. 19725048851
autoimmunity in experimental trypanosoma congolense infections of rabbits.autoimmunity in rabbits with experimental trypanosoma congolense infections was investigated. complement-fixing (cf) and precipitating autoantibodies to normal allogeneic and autologous tissues were found in the sera of all infected rabbits tested; the titers of cf autoantibody occurring during infection were significantly higher than normally occurring titers of autoantibody in pre-infection serum samples. autoantibody did not cross-react with trypanosome antigens, and wassermann antibody was n ...19724629248
[immunologic studies on trypanosomiasis. i. demonstration of a basic antigenic type in a strain of trypanosoma congolense broden, 1904. variations after cyclic transmission]. 19725054621
trypanosomiasis in domestic livestock in the lambwe valley area and a field evaluation of various diagnostic techniques.a preliminary survey of 2 073 domestic animals in the lambwe valley, kenya, showed a 7.4% rate of infection with trypanosoma congolense and t. vivax. in comprehensive surveys covering 6 384 domestic stock, pathogenic trypanosomes were found in 17.0% of cattle, 5.0% of sheep, and 2.1% of goats. adults were more often infected than young animals, and males more often than females. t. congolense was the trypanosome most frequently diagnosed, followed by t. vivax and the t. brucei subgroup. t. theil ...19724544823
an observation on the unexpected frequency of some multiple infections.studies of trypanosome infections in over 3 500 young and adult cattle in the lambwe valley of kenya showed the presence of trypanosoma congolense, t. vivax, and t. brucei in single or multiple infections. some of the multiple infections were much more frequent than would have been expected on the basis of chance, but only if t. brucei was one of the infective agents. some studies of malaria infections in man show a similar phenomenon.19724544825
the haematology and histopathology of trypanosoma congolense infection in cattle. ii. haematology (including symptoms). 19714945970
the cyclical transmission of strains of trypanosoma congolense and t. vivax resistant to normal therapeutic doses of trypanocidal drugs. 19715130093
immunologic-mediated protection of trypanosoma congolense-infected mice by polyribonucleotides. 19715133126
the haematology and histopathology of trypanosoma congolense infection in cattle. i. introduction and histopathology. 19715164674
the haematology and histopathology of trypanosoma congolense infection in cattle. 3. discussion and conclusions. 19715164675
the haematocrit centrifuge technique for the detection of low virulent strains of trypanosomes of the trypanosoma congolense sub-group. 19714400770
pathology of experimental trypanosomiasis in the albino rat, rabbit, goat and sheep--a preliminary report.in rats, rabbits, sheep, and goats experimentally infected with several strains of trypanosoma brucei, the trypanosomes were observed to localise extravascularly in connective tissues. focal inflammatory reactions were associated with the localisation of the parasites. trypanosoma congolense in the same species of animals and t. vivax in sheep and goats, were not observed to localise outside blood vessels. on the basis of these observations it appears that the pathogenesis of the disease caused ...19704248442
nucleoside trypanocides and trypanosoma congolense. 19704392589
[experimental infection of zebu cattle of east africa with feral strains of trypanosoma congolense]. 19705449377
immunological aspects of bovine trypanosomiasis. ii. antigenic variation in a strain of trypanosoma congolense transmitted by glossina morsitans. 19705495631
biological observation in quantitative tests of nippostrongylus brasiliensis acting as vector of trypanosoma brucei or trypanosoma congolense. 19705444855
pathological and biochemical changes in rats infected concurrently with nippostrongylus brasiliensis and trypanosoma congolense. 19705535152
influence of different vertebrate hosts on the ability of trypanosoma congolense to grow in culture. 19705417929
trypanosoma dimorphon, laveran and mesnil, 1904, synonymous with trypanosoma congolense, broden, 1904. a fundamental aspect in measuring techniques on the mean length of trypanosomes. 19695767535
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