Publications

flow cytometric determination of cellular sources and frequencies of key cytokine-producing lymphocytes directed against recombinant lack and soluble leishmania antigen in human cutaneous leishmaniasis.	leishmaniasis, caused by infection with the protozoan parasite leishmania, affects millions of individuals worldwide, causing serious morbidity and mortality. this study directly determined the frequency of cells producing key immunoregulatory cytokines in response to the recombinant antigen leishmania homolog of receptors for activated kinase c (lack) and soluble leishmania antigen (sla), and it determined relative contributions of these antigens to the overall cytokine profile in individuals i ...	2001	11292745
comparison of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and l. (v.) guyanensis in brazil: clinical findings and diagnostic approach.	we compared the clinical findings and diagnostic methods for 66 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in the state of bahia, brazil, who were infected by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis (group a), with those for 68 patients in the state of amazonas, brazil, who were mainly infected by leishmania (viannia) guyanensis (group b). differences were observed with regard to number, size, and location of skin lesions and to the pattern of lymphatic involvement. patients in group b had smaller and more ...	2001	11303265
use of dna-based diagnostic methods for human leishmaniasis in minas gerais, brazil.	dna hybridisation was used to type 26 samples from lesions of human patients from the rio doce valley (minas gerais, brazil) clinically diagnosed as having cutaneous leishmaniasis, using kinetoplast dna (kdna) cloned mini-circle probes specific for the leishmania mexicana and leishmania braziliensis complexes. all samples were found to belong to the l. braziliensis complex. when biopsies were pressed directly onto touch blot membranes 38.5% of the samples were positive. the positivity and specif ...	2001	11311189
nuclear dna sequence specific to leishmania (viannia) subgenus: a molecular marker for species identification.	as shown by rflp analysis, there is a high variability in the beta-tubulin gene region of leishmania sp. such variability has been used in the identification of these parasites, establishing differences between subgenera of new world leishmania. we have found a region of 500 bp (beta500) upstream of the coding region of the beta-tubulin gene that is present in all strains tested belonging to the l. (viannia) subgenus. this region apparently is a repetitive sequence and we have shown that it is s ...	2001	11315173
[study of the vectorial competence of lutzomyia intermedia (lutz & neiva, 1912) for leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, vianna, 1911].	this paper investigated the vectorial competence of lutzomyia intermedia (diptera: psychodidae) in vale do ribeira (sp) to strains of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae), by means of a search for natural infection; exposure of wild and colonized females (f1) to the lesions of experimentally infected hamsters and transmission tests by bite. the natural infection and the transmission tests were negative. in the exposures of lu. intermedia to infected lesions we fou ...	2001	11391441
influence of clinical presentation on the efficacy of a short course of pentamidine in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in french guiana.	the cure 'rates' achieved using intramuscular pentamidine isethionate (two injections of 4 mg/kg separated by an interval of 48 h) were investigated in french guiana, in 198 consecutive patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania braziliensis guyanensis. one aim was to see if initial clinical presentation could be used to predict treatment failure. the cure rate after one course of pentamidine isethionate was 87% and almost all (80%) of the treatment failures responded to an ident ...	2001	11454242
immunological selection for leishmania (viannia) braziliensis antigens.	comparative elisa and selective immunoblotting procedures were used in attempts to identify differential serological indicators of infection with the leishmania (viannia) braziliensis complex, infection with the l. braziliensis species, and therapeutic cure of localized or mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl or mcl). although mean elisa absorbance values were significantly higher for mcl sera than for lcl sera, absorbance could not be used as a reliable indicator of the clinical form of disease. im ...	2001	11487369
potent stimulation of the innate immune system by a leishmania brasiliensis recombinant protein.	the interaction of the innate immune system with the microbial world involves primarily two sets of molecules generally known as microbial pattern recognition receptors and microbial pattern recognition molecules, respectively. examples of the former are the toll receptors present particularly in macrophages and dendritic cells. conversely, the microbial pattern recognition molecules are conserved protist homopolymers, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides, lipoteichoic acids, peptidoglycans, gl ...	2001	11500395
inhibition of macrophage invasion by monoclonal antibodies specific to leishmania (viannia) braziliensis promastigotes and characterisation of their antigens.	monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognise leishmania (viannia) braziliensis promastigotes were produced and termed sst-2, sst-3 and sst-4. sst-2 recognises a conformational epitope present in a 24-28 kda doublet and in a 72 kda component, as verified by western blotting. indirect immunofluorescence showed that the antigen recognised by sst-2 is distributed homogeneously on the parasite surface. sst-3 recognises a flagellar glycoprotein of approximately 180 kda. the reactivity of this mab ...	2001	11595232
leishmanial antigens in the diagnosis of active lesions and ancient scars of american tegumentary leishmaniasis patients.	cutaneous biopsies (n = 94) obtained from 88 patients with american tegumentary leishmaniasis were studied by conventional and immunohistochemical techniques. specimens were distributed as active lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis (n = 53) (group i), cicatricial lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis (n = 35) (group ii) and suggestive scars of healed mucosal leishmaniasis patients (n = 6) (group iii). in addition, active cutaneous lesions of other etiology (n = 24) (group c1) and cutaneous scars not ...	2001	11685267
dissociation between vasodilation and leishmania infection-enhancing effects of sand fly saliva and maxadilan.	in this study, the ability of maxadilan and lutzomyia longipalpis salivary gland lysate to enhance the infection of cba mice by leishmania major and of balb/c mice by l. braziliensis was tested. no difference was observed between sizes of lesion in cba mice infected with l. major and treated or not with salivary gland lysate or maxadilan, although they were injected in concentrations that induced cutaneous vasodilation. although parasites were more frequently observed in foot pads and spleens of ...	2001	11685268
sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania (viannia) guyanensis.	the sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in 35 consecutive outpatients with cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) guyanensis was evaluated using, as gold standard, the in vitro isolation of the parasite through culture of aspirates of the cutaneous ulcers. all isolates were identified using electrophoretic enzyme analysis. patients were mainly young males with recent onset disease without prior specific treatment. pcr was performed using dna extracted from fresh fr ...	2001	11412806
[tegumentary leishmaniasis in area with epidemic levels of transmission, salta, argentina, 1998].	the incidence of tegumentary leishmaniasis increased in october 1997, in an area close to oran city, province of salta. the leishmaniasis' epidemiology and the entomology of this outbreak were studied during june 1998 at paraje las carmelitas and río blanco, places with high reported incidence. the prevalence of infection (montenegro skin test reactive) was 171/1000 inhabitants in paraje las carmelitas and 790/1000 in río blanco, while the rates of leishmaniasis' incidence (active ulcers) were 7 ...	2001	11474875
comparison of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and l. (v.) guyanensis in brazil: therapeutic response to meglumine antimoniate.	we conducted a quasi-experimental study to compare the response to meglumine antimoniate in patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis from two endemic areas of brazil that were infected by two leishmania species. sixty-one were infected by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis (group b) and 57 by l. (v.) guyanensis (group g). all had a parasitologically proven diagnosis and were treated with 20 mg of pentavalent antimonial (sbv)/kg/day given intravenously or intramuscularly for 20 days. main o ...	2001	11716098
effect of lutzomyia whitmani (diptera: psychodidae) salivary gland lysates on leishmania (viannia) braziliensis infection in balb/c mice.	previous reports showed that lutzomyia longipalpis saliva exacerbate leishmania braziliensis infection in mice. the sand fly lu. whitmani is one of the vectors of l. (viannia) braziliensis (lvb), a causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the state of ceará, brazil. to determine whether saliva of lu. whitmani could increase the infectivity of lvb in mice, we inoculated groups of balb/c mice with lvb promastigotes in the presence or absence of the salivary glands lysate from lu. whitmani. we ...	2001	11313642
cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by members of leishmania braziliensis complex in nayarit, state of mexico.	an epidemiological study was carried out in the northern mexican state, nayarit. fourteen patients with possible cutaneous leishmaniasis skin lesions gave positive montenegro skin tests. biopsies were taken from the skin ulcer and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with specific primers for the leishmania mexicana complex; however all biopsies were not amplified. pcr carried out with specific primers for the l. braziliensis complex resulted in the amplification of all patient dna. dna f ...	2001	11285471
force of infection and evolution of lesions of canine tegumentary leishmaniasis in northwestern argentina.	a clinical-serological follow-up was carried out in a canine population in endemic foci of leishmania braziliensis spread in northwestern argentina. each dog was studied in at least two visits, 309+/-15 days (x+/-se) apart. some initially healthy dogs (n=52) developed seroconversion or lesions. the clinical evolution of the disease in dogs resembles in many aspects the human disease. similarities include the long duration of most ulcers with occasional healing or appearance of new ones and the l ...	2001	11500762
dynamics of the antibody response in patients with therapeutic or spontaneous cure of american cutaneous leishmaniasis.	the antigen specificity and the level of the antibody response were analysed in perambuco state, brazil, in sera collected in 1995-96 from 58 patients with clinical american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl), 25 acl patients with apparent cure after chemotherapy with meglumine antimonate, and 10 acl patients with spontaneous cure. assessment was by immunoblot analysis, elisa and indirect immunofluorescence, with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis antigens, with a particular interest in evaluating whe ...	2001	11355562
successful treatment of refractory mucosal leishmaniasis with pentoxifylline plus antimony.	mucosal leishmaniasis is characterized by an intense inflammatory reaction and tissue damage with few parasites in the lesion. on the basis of previous observations that suggest a possible role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) in the pathology of this disease, an open-label study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment with an inhibitor of tnf-alpha (pentoxifylline) associated to antimony therapy in 10 patients with refractory mucosal leishmaniasis. patients were treate ...	2001	11508396
a first case of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania (viannia) lainsoni in bolivia.	we present the first known case of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania (viannia) lainsoni detected in bolivia. the parasite was isolated from a young girl living in the subtropical region of carrasco (900-1000 m above sea level, caranavi province, department of la paz, bolivia). the parasite identification was confirmed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis.	2001	11579876
distribution of sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) at different altitudes in an endemic region of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in the state of espírito santo, brazil.	the involvement of different sand fly species in the transmission of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) at different altitudes was evaluated in the municipality of afonso cláudio in the state of espírito santo, brazil, from november 1995 to february 1997. cdc light traps and shannon traps baited with human volunteers were hung simultaneously at three altitudes of a river valley: (a) 650-750 m in an area of active acl transmission; (b) 750-850 m in a transitional area; and (c) 850-950 m in an ...	2001	11784923
flow cytometry, a useful tool for detecting the lethal effect of pentamidine on leishmania viannia complex promastigote forms.	flow cytometry (fc), combined with propidium iodide as supravital colorant, was used to study leishmania(subgenus viannia)panamensis [l (v) panamensis] complex strain susceptibility to meglumine antimoniate, sodium stibogluconate and pentamidine. despite all drugs examined being leishmanicidal to axenic forms in in vitro trials (in the presence of macrophages), axenic amastigotes directly exposed to these drugs were highly resistant under our experimental conditions. a direct lethal effect on pr ...	2001	11592861
[cutaneous leishmaniasis].		2001	11603121
cell surface carbohydrates and in vivo infectivity of glucantime-sensitive and resistant leishmania (viannia) guyjanensis cell lines.	the cell surface plays an important role in the interaction of parasites with their hosts. drug resistance in the protozoan leishmania may involve changes in cell-surface composition, although it is not known whether infectivity is also affected. one sensitive and two glucantime-resistant lines of leishmania (viannia) guyanensis previously isolated were inoculated into hamsters. the sensitive line caused the disease to manifest earlier than the resistant lines. imprinting analyses of infected ma ...	2001	11728019
[effect of intralesional treatment with emetine hydrochloride on leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in hamsters].	the therapeutic effect of the emetine hydrochloride alkaloid administered intralesionally was compared with that of standard parenteral treatment with glucantime in outbred male hamsters experimentally infected with 4 x 10(3) amastigotes of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. both chemotherapeutic agents reduced significantly (p < 0.01) the average lesion sizes in experimental animals in comparison with those untreated. the alkaloid infiltration was found to be as effective as the antimonial inje ...	2001	11294031
distribution of phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in the state of rio grande do norte, brazil.	visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis are major endemic diseases in northeast brazil. the objective of the current study was to determine the species and geographic distribution of potential sand fly vectors of leishmania in the state of rio grande do norte. sand flies were captured using cdc light traps in 30 municipalities distributed throughout the 8 geographic zones of the state. twelve lutzomyia species were identified. lutzomyia longipalpis lutz & neiva was the most prevalent and accounted ...	2000	15218921
cloning of telomere-associated dna using single-specific-primer polymerase chain reaction provides evidence for a conserved sequence directly adjacent to theileria parva telomeric repeats.	telomere-associated (ta) dna sequences of the intracellular protozoan parasite theileria parva were isolated by a novel strategy using a modified version of single-specific-primer polymerase chain reaction (ssp-pcr). nucleotide sequences of non-coding ta dna from three telomeres (6017bp, 2435bp and 4859bp) contained no extensive tracts of repetitive dna. long open reading frames (orfs) were present at the centromeric ends of two of the ta sequences, the 3' ends of the closest orfs being only 267 ...	2000	11024301
molecular and biologic characterization of leishmania parasites implicated in an epidemic outbreak in northwestern argentina.	leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and its variants were implicated in the epidemic outbreak of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis that occurred in salta, northwestern argentina, in 1985. a total of 24 suspected, untreated cases were evaluated clinically and parasitologically. four of five stable isolates were consistent with the reference strain of l. (v.) braziliensis as determined by monoclonal antibodies and indirect immunofluorescence or radioimmunobinding assays. zymodeme analysis in agarose gels ...	2000	10894479
mucosal leishmaniasis presenting as sinusitis and optic neuropathy.		2000	10865330
is leishmania (viannia) peruviana a distinct species? a mlee/rapd evolutionary genetics answer.	a set of 38 leishmania stocks from the andean valleys of peru was characterized by both multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (mlee) and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd). data were analyzed in terms of taxonomy and evolutionary genetics. synapomorphic mlee and rapd characters, clear-cut clustering, and strong agreement between the phylogenies inferred from either mlee or rapd supported the view that leishmania (viannia) peruviana and leishmania (viannia) braziliensis correspond to two closely ...	2000	10847336
phylogenetic analysis of the 5' subterminal region of isolates of leishmania rna virus-1.	leishmania rna virus-1 (lrv1) is a double-stranded rna virus present in some leishmania species. the virus genome consists of a 450-nucleotide, 5' untranslated region (utr) followed by the coat gene and the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp). it has been shown that the 5' end utr of the genome promotes internal initiation of translation in an in-vitro assay, indicating the presence of an internal ribosomal entry site (ires) element upstream of the coat gene. the nucleotide sequences of the 5' s ...	2000	10827867
polymerase chain reaction as a diagnostic tool for detecting leishmania.	polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has been used to identify a leishmania parasite in a cutaneous ulcer from a 27-year-old patient infected during travel in peru. the available classical diagnostic methods could not confirm the diagnosis in a sufficiently short time. therefore, two sets of oligonucleotides were designed and with both of them fragments of the expected size were obtained. the sequence of the fragment derived from kinetoplast dna corresponds to the leishmania viannia complex. polymera ...	2000	10782398
distinct innate and acquired immune responses to leishmania in putative susceptible and resistant human populations endemically exposed to l. (viannia) panamensis infection.	mechanisms of constitutive and acquired susceptibility/resistance to leishmania viannia panamensis (l. (v ) p.) were investigated in endemically exposed human populations presenting either recurrent disease (putative susceptible) or subclinical infection (clinically resistant). cutaneous delayed type hypersensitivity response to leishmanin was significantly lower among individuals experiencing recurrent leishmaniasis than among those whose skin test converted without developing the disease. mono ...	2000	10792848
detection of early apoptosis and cell death in t cd4+ and cd8+ cells from lesions of patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis.	human localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl), induced by leishmania braziliensis, ranges from a clinically mild, self-healing disease with localized cutaneous lesions to severe forms which can present secondary metastatic lesions. the t cell-mediated immune response is extremely important to define the outcome of the disease; however, the underlying mechanisms involved are not fully understood. a flow cytometric analysis of incorporation of 7-amino actinomycin d and cd4+ or cd8+ t cell surface ...	2000	10719384
use of itraconazole in the treatment of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis: a pilot study.	mucocutaneous leishmaniasis is widely distributed in brazil, with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis being the major etiologic agent. the currently recommended therapy is limited by its parenteral use, high toxicity, and variable efficacy. a clinical pilot study was conducted to analyze itraconazole as an oral alternative for the treatment of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis.	2000	11179919
intraspecific heterogeneity in the mini-exon gene localization of leishmania (viannia) panamensis and leishmania (viannia) guyanensis from colombia.	intraspecific heterogeneity was demonstrated in the mini-exon gene localization from leishmania (viannia) panamensis and l. (viannia) guyanensis. different karyotypes were detected in human isolates circulating in endemic areas of colombia. the presence of mini-exon gene sequences on chromosomes of different sizes, ranging from 370 to 800 kb in l. (v.) panamensis and from 500 to 800 kb in l. (v.) guyanensis, was observed and was neither strain nor species specific. in some cases, hybridization w ...	2000	11191900
genomic rearrangements in trypanosomatids: an alternative to the "one gene" evolutionary hypotheses?	most molecular trees of trypanosomatids are based on point mutations within dna sequences. in contrast, there are very few evolutionary studies considering dna (re) arrangement as genetic characters. waiting for the completion of the various parasite genome projects, first information may already be obtained from chromosome size-polymorphism, using the appropriate algorithms for data processing. three illustrative models are presented here. first, the case of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis/l. ...	2000	10904411
analysis of genetic diversity of trypanosoma cruzi: an application of riboprinting and gradient gel electrophoresis methods.	analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) profiles derived from digestion of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products of the ribosomal 18s from trypanosoma cruzi yields a typical 'riboprint' profile that can vary intraspecifically. a selection of 21 stocks of t. cruzi and three outgroup taxa: t. rangeli, t. conorhini and leishmania braziliensis were analysed by riboprinting to assess divergence within and between taxa. t. rangeli, t. conorhini and l. braziliensis could be easil ...	2000	10904413
cutaneous leishmaniasis following local trauma: a clinical pearl.	cutaneous leishmaniasis is acquired from the bite of an infected sand fly and can result in chronic skin lesions that develop within weeks to months after a bite. local trauma has been implicated as a precipitating event in the development of skin lesions in patients who have been infected with leishmania species. here we report a case series and review the literature on patients who developed cutaneous leishmaniasis after local trauma, which may familiarize clinicians with this presentation.	2000	10913426
small-scale isolation of high molecular weight dna from leishmania braziliensis.	in this paper, we report a method for isolation of high molecular weight dna from leishmania promastigotes. this technique is especially indicated for small-scale purification of dna suitable for the construction of highly representative genomic libraries. in our protocol, lysis buffer is compatible with rnase treatment, avoiding an additional precipitation step and consequent shearing of dna. in order to prove the quality of the dna isolated by this method, a leishmania braziliensis genomic lib ...	2000	10958468
[socioeconomic factors and attitudes towards household prevention of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area in southern bahia, brazil].	a survey was conducted to identify socioeconomic conditions and attitudes towards household prevention of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in corte de pedra, located in the county of tancredo neves, an endemic region in southern bahia, brazil. a questionnaire was applied in july 1997, focusing on social and economic variables, habits, and attitudes towards prevention of arthropod bites. all families (100%) living in the study area were surveyed, comprising 168 households with 851 individuals. ap ...	2000	11035509
lutzomyia whitmani (diptera: psychodidae) as vector of leishmania (v.) braziliensis in paraná state, southern brazil.	the phlebotomine sandflies in the northern areas of the state of paraná, brazil, particularly those in the '16a' health region, were investigated over a 3-year period. using cdc light traps (with and without hamster bait) and shannon traps (with lights and horse or human bait), 16 species were collected from seven municipal districts which were known foci for cutaneous leishmaniasis: arapongas; apucarana; cambira; marumbi; faxinal; florestópolis; and sabáudia. although the frequency at which eac ...	2000	11064764
cultivation and characterization of stable leishmania guyanensis complex axenic amastigotes derived from infected u937 cells.	the study of the differential regulation of several genes, in both leishmania parasite life cycle forms, has been simplified by the development of in vitro axenic amastigote culture. different reports have described extracellular amastigote production and maintenance from several leishmania spp. a general approach to induce amastigote-like transformation includes progressive ph and temperature changes. production of axenic amastigotes in continuous cultures using amastigotes recovered from macro ...	2000	11357988
american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) in rio de janeiro state, brazil: main clinical and epidemiologic characteristics.	rio de janeiro state in brazil is an endemic area of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) induced by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. objective our purpose was to describe the main clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of the disease in rio de janeiro state.	2000	10940114
clonal diversity in the expression and stability of the metastatic capability of leishmania guyanensis in the golden hamster.	metastatic disease is a major concern of dermal leishmaniasis caused by leishmania of the viannia subgenus. the golden hamster provides an experimental model of systemic dissemination and cutaneous metastasis of leishmania viannia. we have exploited this model to examine the expression of parasite virulence in cloned populations derived from a strain of l. guyanensis previously shown to be highly metastatic in the hamster. metastatic capacity manifested as dissemination throughout the lymphoid o ...	2000	10958458
cutaneous leishmaniasis.	leishmaniasis is a major world health problem, which is increasing in incidence. in northern europe it is seen in travellers returning from endemic areas. the protozoa is transmitted by sandflies and may produce a variety of clinical syndromes varying from a simple ulcer to fatal systemic disease. this review considers the management of simple cutaneous leishmaniasis. patients usually have a single ulcer which may heal spontaneously, requiring only topical, or no treatment at all. lesions caused ...	2000	11012586
cellular immune responses to leishmania braziliensis in patients with aids-associated american cutaneous leishmaniasis.		2000	11132391
glycerol kinase of trypanosoma brucei. cloning, molecular characterization and mutagenesis.	trypanosoma brucei contains two tandemly arranged genes for glycerol kinase. the downstream gene was analysed in detail. it contains an orf for a polypeptide of 512 amino acids. the polypeptide has a calculated molecular mass of 56 363 da and a pi of 8.6. comparison of the t. brucei glycerol kinase amino-acid sequence with the glycerol kinase sequences available in databases revealed positional identities of 39.0-50.4%. the t. brucei glycerol kinase gene was overexpressed in escherichia coli cel ...	2000	10759857
south american cutaneous leishmaniasis of the eyelids: report of five cases in rio de janeiro state, brazil.	to describe american cutaneous leishmaniasis of the eyelids and highlight the main clinical and diagnostic features of lesions, which are rare in this location.	2000	10647737
use of pcr to detect leishmania (viannia) spp. in dog blood and bone marrow.	a pcr-based protocol for the detection of leishmania (viannia) parasites in canine blood, buffy coat, and bone marrow was developed and was then tested with field samples taken from a random sample of 545 dogs from villages in peru where leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and leishmania (viannia) peruviana are endemic. comparative tests with cultured parasites mixed with dog blood showed that the pcr assay's sensitivity was significantly dependent on the dna extraction protocol and the pcr primer ...	2000	10655379
characterization of leishmania sp. strains isolated from autochthonous cases of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in santa catarina state, southern brazil.	four leishmania sp. samples were isolated from autochthonous human cases of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) in santa catarina state, southern brazil. these strains were characterized using indirect immunofluorescence with a panel of leishmania-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs), and by pcr amplification and hybridization assay of the mini-exon gene with group specific probes. the results obtained with the mabs were in agreement with the genetic marker. two isolates (mhom/br/89/jsc89-h1 ...	2000	10643912
identification of potentially diagnostic leishmania braziliensis antigens in human cutaneous leishmaniasis by immunoblot analysis.	the antibody response in patients with american cutaneous leishmaniasis was analyzed by immunoblotting with soluble and insoluble antigens of leishmania braziliensis. the recognition of the 27- and/or 30-kda soluble antigens was considered relevant for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. immunoblotting was found to be significantly more sensitive and specific than indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	2000	10702514
cytotoxicity and antileishmanial activity of annona muricata pericarp.	hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of annona muricata pericarp were tested in vitro against leishmania braziliensis and l. panamensis promastigotes, and against cell line u-937. the ethyl acetate extract was more active than the other extracts and even of glucantime used as reference substance. its fractionation led to the isolation of three acetogenins--annonacin, annonacin a and annomuricin a.	2000	10727816
detection of intracytoplasmic cytokines by flow cytometry.	flow cytometry has been used as a powerful technique for studying cell surface antigen expression as well as intracellular molecules. its capability of analyzing multiple parameters simultaneously on a single cell has allowed identification and studies of functional cell subsets within heterogeneous populations. in this respect, several techniques have been developed during the past few years to study cytokine-producing cells by flow cytometry in humans and several animal models.	2000	10800199
leishmania (viannia) guyanensis: a new minicircle class exclusive to this specie isolated from a dna cosmid library useful for taxonomic purposes.	a new minicircle class exclusive to this specie isolated from a dna cosmid library useful for taxonomic purposes. experimental parasitology 94, 143-149. in this paper we describe a new minicircle class exclusive to leishmania (viannia) guyanensis. the minicircle class was obtained with the aid of a total dna cosmid library. the library was screened with an ecori fragment isolated from l. (v.) guyanensis (m4147). after screening seven clones were selected which showed strong hybridisation. clones ...	2000	10831378
development of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis in the sand fly lutzomyia migonei (diptera: psychodidae).	development of leishmania braziliensis (vianna) and leishmania amazonensis (lainson and shaw) in the sand fly lutzomyia migonei (frança) was compared by studying the parasite microhabitats in the alimentary tract, the sequence of parasite morphological changes leading to the metacyclogenesis process, and the parasite transmission to the vertebrate susceptible host. although the infections by the 2 leishmania species were initiated with the same number of amastigotes, le. amazonensis developed a ...	2000	15218917
leishmania: fine mapping of the leishmanolysin molecule's conserved core domains involved in binding and internalization.	the leishmanolysin molecule's role in the uptake of leishmania parasites by the human u937 pro-myelocytic cell line was studied, using synthetic peptides representing the complete leishmania (viannia) guyanensis leishmanolysin protein amino acid sequence. the particular peptides present in two protein's core domains efficiently impaired the internalization of promastigotes from four different leishmania species and modified the kinetics of the binding of heterologous recombinant leishmanolysin p ...	1999	10464034
[outbreak of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in canoa, santo amaro, bahia, brazil].	an outbreak of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) was detected in the village of canoa in 1993. a prospective observational study was outlined to determine the frequency rates and to clinically characterize the disease. a total of 555 people were followed up. there were 29 cases of acl, 11 cases of probably previous acl (scars) and 529 healthy individuals. of these 529 individuals, 65 had a positive montenegro reaction without any present or past evidence of leishmaniasis. the prevalence of ...	1999	10881082
evaluation of the stability and immunogenicity of autoclaved and nonautoclaved preparations of a vaccine against american tegumentary leishmaniasis.	this study was designed to evaluate the immunogenicity of autoclaved and nonautoclaved preparations of a vaccine composed of whole antigens from killed promastigotes of leishmania amazonensis. leishmanin skin-test (lst)-negative volunteers were immunized with either autoclaved or nonautoclaved vaccine preparations (32 and 36 subjects, respectively) that had been maintained at 4 degrees c for one year before the onset of this trial. immunological tests were performed two days before and 40 days a ...	1999	10195630
pcr detection and identification of leishmania parasites in clinical specimens in ecuador: a comparison with classical diagnostic methods.	a simplified polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay was used for detection and typing of leishmania parasites in clinical specimens from patients suspected of cutaneous leishmaniasis. using cultures as the reference standard, our pcr detection method was more sensitive (92%) than classical diagnostic techniques, including microscopy (42% sensitivity), histologic staining (33%), and igg enzyme-linked immunosorbent (20%). the pcr assay was also 100% specific. parasites in both lesion biopsies ...	1999	10219292
genetic analysis of leishmania parasites in ecuador: are leishmania (viannia) panamensis and leishmania (v.) guyanensis distinct taxa?	in the course of an epidemiologic survey in ecuador, the following collection of leishmania stocks was isolated: 28 from patients with clinical signs of leishmaniasis, 2 from sloths, 1 from a dog, and 4 from sand flies. for genetic characterization of these stocks, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (mlee) and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) were used. twenty six of the 35 stocks were identified as either leishmania (v.) panamensis or l. (v.) guyanensis, 2 stocks were identified as l. (v. ...	1999	10586922
use of pcr in diagnosis of human american tegumentary leishmaniasis in rio de janeiro, brazil.	in brazil, the most common etiological agent of american tegumentary leishmaniasis is leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. in general, diagnostic techniques envisage the visualization of the parasite, but that technique has a low sensitivity. the main purpose of the present work was to evaluate the pcr as a routine tool for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. biopsy specimens from cutaneous or mucosal lesions were taken from 230 individuals from areas where leishmania is endemic: 216 patients who had ...	1999	10325330
size-polymorphism of mini-exon gene-bearing chromosomes among natural populations of leishmania, subgenus viannia.	in order to explore genomic plasticity at the level of the mini-exon gene-bearing chromosome in natural populations of leishmania, the molecular karyotype of 84 leishmania stocks belonging to subgenus viannia, originating mostly from peru and bolivia, and differing according to eco-geographical and clinical parameters, was resolved and hybridised with a mini-exon probe. the results suggest that size variation of the mini-exon gene-bearing chromosome is frequent and important (up to 245-kb size-d ...	1999	10428631
humoral immune responses among mucosal and cutaneous leishmaniasis patients caused by leishmania braziliensis.	mucosal leishmaniasis is arguably the most morbid sequelae of cutaneous leishmaniasis. the importance of early diagnosis for effective therapy, coupled with the difficulty of diagnosing the disease parasitologically, prompted this investigation of humoral immune markers of mucosal disease. promastigote soluble antigens of leishmania braziliensis, isolated from cutaneous and mucosal lesions, were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; antigens were identified by i ...	1999	10647040
leishmania (viannia) panamensis/leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis--a warning.		1999	10234193
epidemiological surveys confirm an increasing burden of cutaneous leishmaniasis in north-east brazil.	health service records for north-east brazil suggest a consistent rise in numbers of cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania (viannia) braziliensis over the past decade. in a study site in pernambuco, prospective, cross-sectional and retrospective epidemiological surveys of infection (a positive montenegro skin test response) and/or clinical symptoms confirmed a high current force of infection (0.092/year), and an approximately 10-fold increase in transmission during the last 10 years ...	1999	10696402
experimental infection of canine peritoneal macrophages with visceral and dermotropic leishmania strains.	a study was carried out using macrophages cultured from the peritoneal exudate of dogs infected in vitro with three species of leishmania: l. (l.) chagasi, l. (viannia) braziliensis and l. (l.) amazonensis with the aim of investigating the growth kinetics and infectivity of these species in the host cell. results were expressed as the percentage of macrophages infected measured at 24 hr intervals over six days in rpmi - 1640 culture medium at a temperature of 34-35 degrees c. the findings open t ...	1999	10464409
studies on the effectiveness of diarylheptanoids derivatives against leishmania amazonensis.	in a previous work we demonstrated that diarylheptanoids extracted from centrolobium sclerophyllum are very active against leishmania amazonensis promastigotes. in order to continue our studies with these class of compounds, we decided to evaluate the activity of several diarylheptanoids derived from curcumin (diferuloyl methane) against the extracellular form (promastigotes) of l. amazonensis. furthermore, an experiment against the intracellular form of the parasite (amastigotes) was carried ou ...	1999	10585657
natural infections of leishmania peruviana in animals in the peruvian andes.	evidence that domestic dogs may act as reservoir hosts for cutaneous leishmaniasis in the peruvian andes is provided by the isolation, for the first time, from naturally infected dogs of parasites identified (by isoenzymes) as leishmania peruviana. leishmania parasites were isolated from nasal aspirates or biopsies from 5 (1.8%) of 279 asymptomatic dogs samples in endemic villages of the peruvian andes. in addition, leishmania (viannia) infections were identified in 15 (5.4%) of 276 nasal sample ...	1999	10492779
sensitivity of a vacuum aspiratory culture technique for diagnosis of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis transmission.	sixty eight patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis from an area with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis transmission had cultures performed with a modified marzochís vacuum aspiratory puncture technique to establish sensitivity and contamination rate with this new method. overall sensitivity of three aspirates was 47.1%; (ci95% 39.4; 59.4) significantly greater than the sensitivity of a single one aspirate. fungal contamination was observed in 6/204 (2.9%) inoculated culture tubes. we re ...	1999	10446010
sensitivity of lymph node aspiration in localized cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania (viannia) braziliensis.	twenty nine patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis had lymph node and skin ulcer aspirations for culture of leishmania with the modified marzochís vacuum aspiratory technique. sensitivity of lymph node aspiration was 58.6% and 34.5% for skin ulcer aspiration (p=0.06). combined sensitivity of the two methods was 79.3%. there was no agreement between methods (kappa index = -0.084; ci95% -0,45; 0,28) showing the potential complementary roles in diagnostic approach.	1999	10446011
[a comparative study between sodium stibogluconate bp 88r and meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. i. the efficacy and safety].	efficacy and safety of meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate bp 88r were compared in cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment in corte de pedra, bahia, an endemic area of leishmaniasis due to leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. an open trial was developed with one hundred twenty seven patients who were diagnosed based on clinical criteria and montenegro's skin test. fifty eight patients were treated with meglumine antimoniate and 69 received sodium stibogluconate. both groups received 20 mg/sb ...	1999	10495667
[the laboratory diagnosis and epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in paraná state, southern brazil].	between 1986 and 1997 a total of 1418 patients were examined at the clinical analysis teaching and research laboratory of maringá state university (lepac/uem) for cutaneous leishmaniasis by direct examination of stained smears made from the lesions, the montenegro skin test and the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. nine hundred and fifty five patients (67.3%) were positive for at least one of the three tests and of these 804 (84.2%) were considered to have contracted the disease in paran ...	1999	10495672
in vitro promastigote fitness of putative leishmania (viannia) braziliensis/leishmania (viannia) peruviana hybrids.	in order to initiate studies on the phenotypic properties of hybrids vs. their putative parents, the in vitro growth behaviour of promastigotes was compared for 15 stocks characterised as leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, leishmania (viannia) peruviana and putative hybrids (isolated from the eastern andean valley of huanuco, peru). five sets of three stocks, each set including a l.(v.)braziliensis, a l.(v.)peruviana and a putative hybrid, were constituted randomly and counted daily close to iso ...	1999	9924965
putative reservoirs of leishmania amazonensis in a sub-andean focus of bolivia identified by kdna-polymerase chain reaction.		1999	10029903
resolution of an infection with leishmania braziliensis confers complete protection to a subsequent challenge with leishmania major in balb/c mice.	both leishmania major and l. braziliensis induce cutaneous leishmaniasis in balb/c mice. whereas balb/c mice die of infection with l. major, they cure an infection with l. braziliensis. we report here that after curing an infection with l. braziliensis, balb/c mice are resistant to challenge with l. major. when challenged with l. major, l. braziliensis pre-treated balb/c mice mounted a delayed-type hypersensitivity response to l. major and produced high amounts of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) bu ...	1999	10029914
leishmania (viannia) braziliensis is the predominant species infecting patients with american cutaneous leishmaniasis in the state of minas gerais, southeast brazil.	skin biopsies from 53 patients with american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) from the state of minas gerais, brazil, were used for a characterization of the leishmania parasites. a pair of primers flanking the conserved region of the leishmania minicircle kdna was used to obtain amplified dna via the polymerase chain reaction. the amplified products were subsequently hybridized with leishmania subgenus-specific radiolabeled probes. parasites from 49 out of 53 samples (92.5%) were characterized as ...	1999	10232781
kinetoplast minicircle dna from leishmania (viannia) lainsoni.	to investigate the phenomenon that pcr of leishmania (v.) lainsoni minicircles using primers b1 and b2 gives anomalous small-sized products, unlike all other members of the leishmania viannia subgenus, cloned kdna minicircles from l. (viannia) lainsoni were sequenced using fluorescent dye terminator reactions. the sequence of l. (v.) lainsoni where the primer b2 would be expected to bind, was different from the other members of the l. viannia subgenus, matching in only 7 out of 19 bases with the ...	1999	10340327
energy-dependent efflux from leishmania promastigotes of substrates of the mammalian multidrug resistance pumps.	we demonstrated the existence of three transport activities in promastigotes of leishmania braziliensis, leishmania guyanensis, and leishmania mexicana. the first activity, an energy-dependent efflux of pirarubicin, was observed in all leishmania species and inhibited by verapamil, by 2-[4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl-5-(trans-4,6-dimethyl-1, 3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-2-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3-py ridinecarboxylate p oxide (pak104p) and by the phenothiazine derivatives: thioridaz ...	1999	10376995
pcr-elisa for diagnosis of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis.	in this work we demonstrate that the pcr-elisa technique is sufficiently sensitive and specific for use as a diagnostic test in cases of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. dna was extracted from cultures of leishmania braziliensis, leishmania infantum, leishmania tropica, leishmania mexicana, trypanosoma cruzi, and blood samples from individuals who presented a clinical diagnosis of leishmaniasis as well as from healthy individuals. the dna was pcr amplified and the product obtained was hybridised wit ...	1999	10379813
minicircle variable region probes for characterization of leishmania (viannia) species.	the minicircle molecules present in the kinetoplast dna (kdna) network constitute a particularly useful molecular tool because they are a multicopy target and present a variable region that differs among minicircle classes in the same network. using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and a set of primers directed outwardly from the minicircle conserved region, it is possible to prepare molecular probes representing the pool of variable regions from the different minicircle classes in the kdna. ...	1999	10386456
delayed culture of leishmania in skin biopsies.	between january 1997 and october 1998, 16 skin biopsies collected from 13 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in french guiana were inoculated in culture medium after travel for 3-17 days from the place of biopsy to the culture laboratory in france. each biopsy fragment was introduced near the flame of a bunsen burner into the transport medium (rpmi medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum) which was maintained at ambient temperature during postal delivery to france. in france the biopsie ...	1999	10717763
contribution to the sand fly fauna (diptera: phlebotominae) of rio grande do sul, brazil and leishmania (viannia) infections.	american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) is endemic in the state of rio grande do sul, brazil. as reports of nearby hospitals suggest, the parque estadual do turvo seems to serve as a source for the disease. during three months from november 1996 to february 1997 we collected, in this park, 2,228 sandflies (10 lutzomyia species and 2 6species). we applied the polymerase chain reaction to 920 females which belong to the following species: lutzomyia migonei, lu. pessoai, lu. fischeri, lu. misionensi ...	1999	10464396
detection of leishmania braziliensis in naturally infected individual sandflies by the polymerase chain reaction.	the natural infection of sandflies by leishmania in wild-caught specimens was studied, using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-hybridization technique. the pcr was carried out using 2 oligonucleotides (primers 3j1 and 3j2) derived from a repetitive nuclear dna sequence. the primers support the enzymatic amplification of a fragment of approximately 500 bp, present in the nuclear dna of leishmania braziliensis. the expected band was observed in 5 of 65 sandflies containing flagellates. after hyb ...	1999	10492789
is the domestic dog (canis familiaris) a reservoir host of american cutaneous leishmaniasis? a critical review of the current evidence.	originally associated with forested areas, the transmission cycle of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) has now adapted to the domestic environment in at least 9 latin american countries. several studies have suggested that the domestic dog (canis familiaris), which is already incriminated as the primary reservoir host of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (zvl), may have a reservoir role in the domestic transmission of human acl caused by leishmania braziliensis, l. panamensis, and l. peruvian ...	1999	10548285
morphometric and phenetic studies of five geographical populations of lutzomyia whitmani (diptera: psychodidae) in brazil.	a morphometric survey examined adult specimens of lutzomyia whitmani (antunes & coutinho) captured at 5 municipalities in southeastern and northeastern brazil to compare the populations. the localities were ilhéus (bahia), martinho campos (minas gerais), corte de pedra (bahia), baturité (ceará), and amaraji (pernambuco): all are known foci of american cutaneous leishmaniasis. fifteen males and 15 females from each population were analyzed morphometrically for 42 and 37 characters, respectively. ...	1999	10593089
sensitivity to glucantime of leishmania viannia isolated from patients prior to treatment.	in vitro sensitivity to pentavalent antimony (sbv) as meglumine antimoniate (glucantime) of leishmania of the viannia subgenus isolated prior to treatment from patients with uncomplicated cutaneous leishmaniasis was evaluated for intracellular amastigotes in the u-937 human monocytic cell line and log phase promastigotes. the 50% effective dose (ed50) of pharmaceutical and additive-free formulations of glucantime were determined based on the kinetics of the response of leishmania viannia to sbv ...	1999	10219320
tumour necrosis factor alpha and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis.	allelic associations between polymorphisms at the tumour necrosis factor (tnf) locus within the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) and susceptibility to a range of autoimmune and infectious diseases have been established in humans. among these is the severe and debilitating mucocutaneous form of leishmaniasis (mcl) caused by leishmania braziliensis. this was preempted by the demonstration of high levels of circulating tnf-alpha in the sera of patients presenting with clinical mucocutaneous d ...	1999	10234190
down-regulation of th1 type of response in early human american cutaneous leishmaniasis.	this study examined the t cell responses in the early phase of leishmania braziliensis infection. cytokine profiles, lymphoproliferative responses, and skin test results in 25 patients with early cutaneous leishmaniasis (ecl; illness duration <60 days) were compared with those in persons with late cutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl; illness duration >2 months). absent or low lymphoproliferative responses were observed in 8 (32%) of 25 patients and an absence of interferon (ifn)-gamma production in 9 ( ...	1999	10515843
out-patient parenteral antimicrobial therapy--a viable option for the management of cutaneous leishmaniasis.	cutaneous infection with leishmania braziliensis complex requires treatment with parenteral pentavalent antimonials to prevent development of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. patients with imported disease are usually managed in hospital because of concerns over drug toxicity. this study describes the clinical features and outcome of infection treated in the uk in an out-patient setting. thirteen marines (aged 19-35 years) who acquired leishmaniasis in belize were studied prospectively. three had at ...	1999	10542306
atypical mucocutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania braziliensis in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient: t-cell responses and remission of lesions associated with antigen immunotherapy.	an atypical case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated mucocutaneous lesions due to leishmania braziliensis is described. many vacuolated macrophages laden with amastigote forms of the parasite were found in the lesions. leishmanin skin test and serology for leishmaniasis were both negative. the patient was resistant to therapy with conventional drugs (antimonial and amphotericin b). interestingly, remission of lesions was achieved after an alternative combined therapy of antimonial a ...	1999	10446016
polymerase chain reaction-based identification of new world leishmania species complexes by specific kdna probes.	here we define a new approach for the detection and characterisation of leishmania complexes by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and specific hybridisation. the first step consists of pcr amplification of kdna minicircles using general kinetoplastid primers, which generate a polymorphic multi-banding pattern for all leishmania species and other kinetoplastidae. the second step is the identification of the leishmania species complexes by hybridisation of the pcr products with specific kdna probes. ...	1999	10546846
detection of leishmania infantum in dogs by pcr with lymph node aspirates and blood.	the pcr technique was applied to the diagnosis of leishmaniasis in dogs, both serologically negative and positive. dna was taken from lymph node aspirates and blood. the primers 13a and 13b, derived from leishmania amazonies and leishmania braziliensis kinetoplast dna (kdna), also amplified leishmania infantum ipt1 constant region of minicircle kdna. the amplified fragment is 116 bp long. it was cloned and the sequence was determined. a 70-bp inner fragment was designed and used as a probe in do ...	1999	10449478
[mefloquine in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis].	the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of mefloquine in the treatment of skin leishmaniasis in patients infected with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis at an endemic region. mefloquine is an oral drug effective against malaria with a prolonged half-life, less toxicity and easier administration than pentavalent antimonials. at corte de pedra in the southern litoral of bahia state, two randomized groups of ten patients with leishmaniasis were treated. the first group was treated with o ...	1999	10881087
leishmania braziliensis: characterisation of a complex specific subtelomeric repeat sequence and its use in the detection of parasites.	a 1.6-kb tandem repeat sequence had previously been identified in the subtelomeric region of mini- and megabase chromosomes from leishmania braziliensis. southern hybridisation was used to demonstrate that the repeat is complex specific. the sequence was characterised in strains representing four species of the l. braziliensis complex. this data allowed an assessment of the evolutionary relationship of the four species. pcr primers targeted to the repeat amplify only dna from species of the l. b ...	1998	9806868
identification of mexican leishmania species by analysis of pcr amplified dna.	leishmania parasites isolated into culture from patients with lcl or dcl from four different mexican states were characterised using polymerase chain reaction (pcr), hybridisation with specific probes, and isoenzymes. pcr of the parasites showed that 10 of 11 of those isolates were members of the mexicana complex. this was confirmed in seven cases by isoenzymes. restriction enzyme digests of pcr products of mexican isolates showed the isolates to be different from the l.(l.) mexicana reference s ...	1998	9821463
rapid identification of leishmania species from formalin-fixed biopsy samples by polymorphism-specific polymerase chain reaction.	the precise identification and classification of leishmania species is important for public health surveillance since different species cause different clinical features of the disease. a highly specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) panel was developed to enable the identification of the five major leishmania species that cause new world cutaneous leishmaniases. the primers used for this panel were designed to distinguish the polymorphism in sequences of commonly amplified dna bands of the pa ...	1998	9573358
isoenzyme characterization of leishmania isolated from human cases with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis from the state of campeche, yucatan peninsula, mexico.	seventy-five isolates from the state of campeche, mexico, an area endemic for localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl), were characterized by isoenzyme markers (glucose phosphate isomerase, mannose phospate isomerase, nucleoside hydrolase, phosphoglucomutase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase). seventy (93.3%) were identified as leishmania (leishmania) mexicana and 5 (6.7%) as l. (viannia) braziliensis. this is the first report of authochthonus human lcl caus ...	1998	9574789
abundance of lutzomyia ovallesi but not lu. gomezi (diptera: psychodidae) correlated with cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence in north-central venezuela.	in north-central venezuela lutzomyia gomezi and lu. ovallesi are the main endophilic/anthropophilic species of phlebotomine sandflies implicated as vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl). lutzomyia ovallesi has been found infected with leishmania braziliensis (1.2%) and less often with le. mexicana (0.07%), while le. braziliensis infections have also been found in lu. gomezi (0.47%). we investigated population densities of these sandflies using two sampling methods with four series of collectio ...	1998	9622364
reproducibility of alkaline antigens of leishmania major-like and leishmania (v.) braziliensis evaluated by igg-elisa. comparison of antigens added of a protein inhibitor (pmsf) or not.	this paper deals with the analysis of 10 batches of l.major-like and l. (v.) braziliensis antigens added or not of a proteases inhibitor evaluated by means of an igg-elisa on three consecutive days using positive standard sera from patients with diagnosis of american leishmaniasis previously tested for the presence of igg antibodies by means of elisa. the statistical analysis showed that for l. (v.) braziliensis the pmsf-containing antigen did not show any difference among batches or days of tes ...	1998	10030072