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detection of protein and dna damage induced by elevated carbon dioxide and ozone in triticum aestivum l. using biomarker and comet assay.this study was designed to compare the genetic effects of elevated carbon dioxide (co2) and ozone (o3), alone or in combination, under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions on proteins and dna of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), isozymes, random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd), and comet assays were used. sds-page analysis revealed distinctive polymorphisms (100%) based on the number of polypeptide bands (169) with molecular we ...201627420988
evaluation of dough rheological properties and bread texture of pearl millet-wheat flour mix.this study was undertaken with the objective of formulating composite bread using pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum) and wheat (triticum aestivum) flours . rheological and bread making properties of composite flours were evaluated. mixolab results revealed torque increased and dough stability time decreased upon incorporation of pearl millet flour in wheat flour. the incorporation of millet flour at optimum level (5 %) led to an increase of the dough strength (w) and the elasticity-to-extensibili ...201627413235
identification of winter-responsive proteins in bread wheat using proteomics analysis and virus-induced gene silencing (vigs).proteomic approaches were applied to identify protein spots involved in cold responses in wheat. by comparing the differentially accumulated proteins from two cultivars (uc1110 and pi 610750) and their derivatives, as well as the f10 recombinant inbred line population differing in cold-tolerance, a total of 20 common protein spots representing 16 unique proteins were successfully identified using 2-de method. of these, 14 spots had significantly enhanced abundance in the cold-sensitive parental ...201627402868
canopy temperature and vegetation indices from high-throughput phenotyping improve accuracy of pedigree and genomic selection for grain yield in wheat.genomic selection can be applied prior to phenotyping, enabling shorter breeding cycles and greater rates of genetic gain relative to phenotypic selection. traits measured using high-throughput phenotyping based on proximal or remote sensing could be useful for improving pedigree and genomic prediction model accuracies for traits not yet possible to phenotype directly. we tested if using aerial measurements of canopy temperature, and green and red normalized difference vegetation index as second ...201627402362
intraspecific polymorphisms of cytogenetic markers mapped on chromosomes of triticum polonicum l.triticum genus encloses several tetraploid species that are used as genetic stocks for expanding the genetic variability of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). although the t. aestivum (2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) and t. durum (2n = 4x = 28, aabb) karyotypes were well examined by chromosome staining, giemsa c-banding and fish markers, other tetraploids are still poorly characterized. here, we established and compared the fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) patterns on chromosomes of 20 accessions of t ...201627391447
predicting hybrid performances for quality traits through genomic-assisted approaches in central european wheat.bread-making quality traits are central targets for wheat breeding. the objectives of our study were to (1) examine the presence of major effect qtls for quality traits in a central european elite wheat population, (2) explore the optimal strategy for predicting the hybrid performance for wheat quality traits, and (3) investigate the effects of marker density and the composition and size of the training population on the accuracy of prediction of hybrid performance. in total 135 inbred lines of ...201627383841
decomposition dynamics and changes in chemical composition of wheat straw residue under anaerobic and aerobic conditions.soil aeration is a crucial factor that regulates crop residue decomposition, and the chemical composition of decomposing crop residues may change the forms and availability of soil nutrients, such as n and p. however, to date, differences in the chemical composition of crop straw residues after incorporation into soil and during its decomposition under anaerobic vs. aerobic conditions have not been well documented. the objective of the present study was to assess changes in the c-containing func ...201627380023
genetic association of stomatal traits and yield in wheat grown in low rainfall environments.in wheat, grain filling is closely related to flag leaf characteristics and function. stomata are specialized leaf epidermal cells which regulate photosynthetic co2 uptake and water loss by transpiration. understanding the mechanisms controlling stomatal size, and their opening under drought, is critical to reduce plant water loss and maintain a high photosynthetic rate which ultimately leads to elevated yield. we applied a leaf imprinting method for rapid and non-destructive phenotyping to expl ...201627378125
haplotypes of the tags5-a1 gene are associated with thousand-kernel weight in chinese bread wheat.in previous work, we cloned tags5 gene and found the association of tags5-a1 alleles with agronomic traits. in this study, the promoter sequence of the tags5-a1 gene was isolated from bread wheat. sequencing results revealed that a g insertion was found in position -1925 bp of the tags5-a1 gene (reference to atg), which occurred in the sp1 domain of the promoter sequence. combined with previous single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) in the tags5-a1 exon sequence, four genotypes were formed at the ...201627375643
the potential of hyperspectral patterns of winter wheat to detect changes in soil microbial community composition.reliable information on soil status and crop health is crucial for detecting and mitigating disasters like pollution or minimizing impact from soil-borne diseases. while infestation with an aggressive soil pathogen can be detected via reflected light spectra, it is unknown to what extent hyperspectral reflectance could be used to detect overall changes in soil biodiversity. we tested the hypotheses that spectra can be used to (1) separate plants growing with microbial communities from different ...201627375633
molecular characterization of the ige-binding epitopes in the fast ω-gliadins of triticeae in relation to wheat-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis.fast ω-gliadins were minor components of wheat storage proteins but a major antigen triggering allergy to wheat. sixty-six novel full-length fast ω-gliadin genes with unique characteristics were cloned and sequenced from wheat and its relative species using a pcr-based strategy. their coding regions ranged from 177bp to 987bp in length and encoded 4.28kda to 37.56kda proteins. on the base of first three deduced amino acids at the n-terminal, these genes could be classified into the six subclasse ...201627374148
comprehensive characterization of c-glycosyl flavones in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germ using uplc-pda-esi/hrmsn and mass defect filtering.a comprehensive characterization of c-glycosyl flavones in wheat germ has been conducted using multi-stage high resolution mass spectrometry (hrmsn ) in combination with a mass defect filtering (mdf) technique. mdf performed the initial search of raw data with defined c-glycosyl flavone mass windows and mass defect windows to generate the noise-reduced data focusing on targeted flavonoids. the high specificity of the exact mass measurement permits the unambiguous discrimination of acyl groups (n ...201627373213
field scale interaction and nutrient exchange between surface water and shallow groundwater in the baiyang lake region, north china plain.fertilizer input for agricultural food production, as well as the discharge of domestic and industrial water pollutants, increases pressures on locally scarce and vulnerable water resources in the north china plain. in order to: (a) understand pollutant exchange between surface water and groundwater, (b) quantify nutrient loadings, and (c) identify major nutrient removal pathways by using qualitative and quantitative methods, including the geochemical model phreeqc) a one-year study at a wheat ( ...201627372119
influence of speed and rainfall on large-scale wheat lodging from 2007 to 2014 in china.strong wind and heavy rain remain the two most important causes of large acreage wheat (triticum aestivum l.) lodging in china. for research the influence of wind speed and rainfall-separately as well as together-on the extent and degree of lodging, five levels of the severity of lodging were defined based on a combination of the lodging area and the degree of tilting. detailed meteorological information was studied on 52 instances of large-scale lodging that occurred from 2007 to 2014. the resu ...201627367926
stable isotope-assisted evaluation of different extraction solvents for untargeted metabolomics of plants.the evaluation of extraction protocols for untargeted metabolomics approaches is still difficult. we have applied a novel stable isotope-assisted workflow for untargeted lc-hrms-based plant metabolomics , which allows for the first time every detected feature to be considered for method evaluation. the efficiency and complementarity of commonly used extraction solvents, namely 1 + 3 (v/v) mixtures of water and selected organic solvents (methanol, acetonitrile or methanol/acetonitrile 1 + 1 (v/v) ...201627367667
back to the future - tapping into ancient grains for food diversity.einkorn, emmer, and spelt are old wheat species that have fed the world for centuries before they have nearly completely been replaced by modern bread wheat. nowadays, the diversity of these old species lies frozen in gene banks and rare attempts aim to exploit them as a source for genetic diversity in modern wheat breeding. here, we want to raise a debate on a more holistic exploitation of ancient species via their direct introduction to the consumer market as high quality products. although ex ...201627364231
cultivar mixture cropping increased water use efficiency in winter wheat under limited irrigation conditions.the effects of cultivar mixture cropping on yield, biomass, and water use efficiency (wue) in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were investigated under non-irrigation (w0, no irrigation during growth stage), one time irrigation (w1, irrigation applied at stem elongation) and two times irrigation (w2, irrigation applied at stem elongation and anthesis) conditions. nearly 90% of cultivar mixture cropping treatments experienced an increase in grain yield as compared with the mean of the pure stan ...201627362563
genetic dissection of flag leaf morphology in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under diverse water regimes.morphological traits related to flag leaves are determinant traits influencing plant architecture and yield potential in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). however, little is known regarding their genetic controls under drought stress. one hundred and twenty f8-derived recombinant inbred lines from a cross between two common wheat cultivars longjian 19 and q9086 were developed to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) and to dissect the genetic bases underlying flag leaf width, length, area, length ...201627352616
qtl characterization of fusarium head blight resistance in cimmyt bread wheat line soru#1.fusarium head blight (fhb) resistant line soru#1 was hybridized with the german cultivar naxos to generate 131 recombinant inbred lines for qtl mapping. the population was phenotyped for fhb and associated traits in spray inoculated experiments in el batán (mexico), spawn inoculated experiments in ås (norway) and point inoculated experiments in nanjing (china), with two field trials at each location. genotyping was performed with the illumina iselect 90k snp wheat chip, along with a few ssr and ...201627351632
molecular genetic analysis of grain protein content and flour whiteness degree using rils in common wheat.grain protein content (gpc) and flour whiteness degree (fwd) are important qualitative traits in common wheat. quantitative trait locus (qtl) mapping for gpc and fwd was conducted using a set of 131 recombinant-inbred lines derived from the cross 'chuan 35050 × shannong 483' in six environmental conditions. a total of 22 putative qtls (nine gpc and 13 fwd) were identified on 12 chromosomes with individual qtl explaining 4.5-34.0% phenotypic variation. nine qtls (40.9%) were detected in two or mo ...201627350675
identification and characterization of silicon efflux transporters in horsetail (equisetum arvense).silicon (si) is a beneficial element to plants, and its absorption via transporters leads to protective effects against biotic and abiotic stresses. in higher plants, two groups of root transporters for si have been identified: influx transporters (lsi1) and efflux transporters (lsi2). lsi1 transporters belong to the nipiii aquaporins, and functional lsi1s have been found in many plants species. much less is known about lsi2s that have been characterized in only a few species. horsetail (equiset ...201627344403
toxic effects of graphene on the growth and nutritional levels of wheat (triticum aestivum l.): short- and long-term exposure studies.increased use of graphene materials might lead to their release into the environment. however, only a few studies have investigated the impact of graphene-based materials on green plants. in the present study, effects of graphene on plant roots and shoots after 48h or 30days of hydroponic culture were evaluated to determine its phytotoxicity. results showed that although exposure to graphene (250, 500, 1000 and 1500mgl(-1)) significantly improved root elongation, root hair production was impaire ...201627343870
cerealsdb 3.0: expansion of resources and data integration.the increase in human populations around the world has put pressure on resources, and as a consequence food security has become an important challenge for the 21st century. wheat (triticum aestivum) is one of the most important crops in human and livestock diets, and the development of wheat varieties that produce higher yields, combined with increased resistance to pests and resilience to changes in climate, has meant that wheat breeding has become an important focus of scientific research. in ...201627342803
silencing of abcc13 transporter in wheat reveals its involvement in grain development, phytic acid accumulation and lateral root formation.low phytic acid is a trait desired in cereal crops and can be achieved by manipulating the genes involved either in its biosynthesis or its transport in the vacuoles. previously, we have demonstrated that the wheat taabcc13 protein is a functional transporter, primarily involved in heavy metal tolerance, and a probable candidate gene to achieve low phytate wheat. in the current study, rna silencing was used to knockdown the expression of taabcc13 in order to evaluate its functional importance in ...201627342224
evolution and distribution of hydrolytic enzyme activities during preharvest sprouting of wheat (triticum aestivum) in the field.to date, research on preharvest sprouted (phs) wheat has mostly been conducted on kernels germinated under laboratory conditions, which differ widely from conditions in the field. to obtain detailed knowledge of the evolution of hydrolytic enzyme activities in phs wheat (triticum aestivum), a broad collection of samples from three varieties was obtained by harvesting before, at, and after maturity. delaying harvest time coupled with periods of heavy rainfall caused sprouting in the kernels, obse ...201627341479
toxic effect of perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) on germination and seedling growth of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).as a persistent organic pollutant in the environment, perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) has been extensively investigated. it can accumulate in food chains and in the human body. this work investigated the effect of pfoa on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germination and seedling growth by conducting a germination trial and a pot trial. a stimulatory effect of pfoa on seedling growth and root length of wheat was found at <0.2 mg kg(-1), while >800 mg kg(-1) pfoa inhibited germination rate, index, and r ...201627337433
genetic and epigenetic alterations induced by different levels of rye genome integration in wheat recipient.the narrow genetic variation present in common wheat (triticum aestivum) varieties has greatly restricted the improvement of crop yield in modern breeding systems. alien addition lines have proven to be an effective means to broaden the genetic diversity of common wheat. wheat-rye addition lines, which are the direct bridge materials for wheat improvement, have been wildly used to produce new wheat cultivars carrying alien rye germplasm. in this study, we investigated the genetic and epigenetic ...201627323191
corrigendum morphological and sequence-related amplified polymorphism-based molecular diversity of local and exotic wheat genotypes - genet. mol. res. 15 (2): gmr.15027484.the correction is only in the name of the species studied and should be triticum aestivum, instead of triticum sativum.201627323047
gibberellins regulate the stem elongation rate without affecting the mature plant height of a quick development mutant of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.).gibberellin (ga) is essential for determining plant height. alteration of ga content or ga signaling results in a dwarf or slender phenotype. here, we characterized a novel wheat mutant, quick development (qd), in which ga regulates stem elongation but does not affect mature plant height. qd and wild-type plants did not exhibit phenotypic differences at the seedling stage. from jointing to heading stage, qd plants were taller than wild-type plants due to elongated cells. however, wild-type and q ...201627317908
functional studies of heading date-related gene taprr73, a paralog of ppd1 in common wheat.photoperiod response-related genes play a crucial role in duration of the plant growth. in this study, we focused on taprr73, a paralog of "green revolution" gene ppd1 (taprr37). we found that overexpression of the truncated taprr73 form lacking part of the n-terminal pr domain in transgenic rice promoted heading under long day conditions. association analysis in common wheat verified that taprr73 was an important agronomic photoperiod response gene that significantly affected heading date and p ...201627313595
genomic prediction models for grain yield of spring bread wheat in diverse agro-ecological zones.genomic and pedigree predictions for grain yield and agronomic traits were carried out using high density molecular data on a set of 803 spring wheat lines that were evaluated in 5 sites characterized by several environmental co-variables. seven statistical models were tested using two random cross-validations schemes. two other prediction problems were studied, namely predicting the lines' performance at one site with another (pairwise-site) and at untested sites (leave-one-site-out). grain yie ...201627311707
development and validation of kasp assays for genes underpinning key economic traits in bread wheat.we developed and validated a robust marker toolkit for high-throughput and cost-effective screening of a large number of functional genes in wheat. functional markers (fms) are the most valuable markers for crop breeding programs, and high-throughput genotyping for fms could provide an excellent opportunity to effectively practice marker-assisted selection while breeding cultivars. here we developed and validated kompetitive allele-specific pcr (kasp) assays for genes that underpin economically ...201627306516
diversification of the homoeologous lr34 sequences in polyploid wheat species and their diploid progenitors.allopolyploidization induces a multiple processes of genomic reorganization, including the structurally functional diversification of the homoeologous genes. an example of such diversification is the appearance of the lr34 gene on chromosome 7d of bread wheat t. aestivum (bad), the gene conferring durable, race non-specific protection against three fungal pathogens. in this study, we focused on the variability of a functionally critical region between exons 10-12 of lr34 among diploid progenitor ...201627300207
effect of recurrent selection on drought tolerance and related morpho-physiological traits in bread wheat.drought is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting wheat yield. a recurrent selection program was conducted to improve the drought tolerance and yield of bread wheat using drought tolerant advanced breeding lines from a drought tolerant x susceptible cross (hi 1500 x huw 510). the parental lines were evaluated for yield, biomass and harvest index (hi) in addition to the drought adaptive traits like canopy temperature (ct), chlorophyll content and normalized difference vegetative index (ndvi) ...201627300000
transcriptome profiling of the salt-stress response in triticum aestivum cv. kharchia local.kharchia local wheat variety is an indian salt tolerant land race known for its tolerance to salinity. however, there is a lack of detailed information regarding molecular mechanism imparting tolerance to high salinity in this bread wheat. in the present study, differential root transcriptome analysis identifying salt stress responsive gene networks and functional annotation under salt stress in kharchia local was performed. a total of 453,882 reads were obtained after quality filtering, using r ...201627293111
the homologous identification of the stem rust resistance genes rdg5, adf3 and rga1 in the relatives of barley.the barley genes rpg5, rga1 and adf3, which provide a strong resistance to many pathotypes of stem rust, were cloned a few years ago, but it was still unclear whether their homologues were represented in wheat and in related species. the paper describes the results of a bioinformatic research to determine the homologues of rpg5, rga1 and adf3 in the genomes of triticum aestivum and several wild grasses, which breeders usually use as sources of stem rust resistance, and which are available in the ...201627281921
identification of qtls on chromosome 1b for grain quality traits in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the present study was designed considering the importance of grain quality traits, genetic diversity and marker-trait association analysis in wheat. a significant amount of genetic diversity was found for various seed traits though the genotypes included in the study were found structured. the extent of polymorphism was high with a range of 2-13 alleles and average of 6.5 alleles per locus. population structure was detected with 30 unlinked ssrs that divided the population of 92 genotypes in thr ...201627281920
molecular and morpho-agronomical characterization of root architecture at seedling and reproductive stages for drought tolerance in wheat.water availability is a major limiting factor for wheat (triticum aestivum l.) production in rain-fed agricultural systems worldwide. root architecture is important for water and nutrition acquisition for all crops, including wheat. a set of 158 diverse wheat genotypes of australian (72) and indian (86) origin were studied for morpho-agronomical traits in field under irrigated and drought stress conditions during 2010-11 and 2011-12.out of these 31 indian wheat genotypes comprising 28 hexaploid ...201627280445
genotypic variation in spike fertility traits and ovary size as determinants of floret and grain survival rate in wheat.spike fertility traits are critical attributes for grain yield in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). here, we examine the genotypic variation in three important traits: maximum number of floret primordia, number of fertile florets, and number of grains. we determine their relationship in determining spike fertility in 30 genotypes grown under two contrasting conditions: field and greenhouse. the maximum number of floret primordia per spikelet (mfs), fertile florets per spikelet (ffs), and number of g ...201627279276
low molecular weight glutenin subunit gene glu-b3h confers superior dough strength and breadmaking quality in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).low molecular weight glutenin subunit is one of the important quality elements in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). although considerable allelic variation has been identified, the functional properties of individual alleles at glu-3 loci are less studied. in this work, we performed the first comprehensive study on the molecular characteristics and functional properties of the glu-b3h gene using the wheat cultivar cb037b and its glu-b3 deletion line cb037c. the results showed that the glu-b3h deleti ...201627273251
efficient decolorization and detoxification of textile industry effluent by salvinia molesta in lagoon treatment.salvinia molesta, an aquatic fern was observed to have a potential of degrading azo dye rubine gfl up to 97% at a concentration of 100mg/l within 72h using 60±2g of root biomass. both root as well as stem tissues showed induction in activities of the enzymes such as lignin peroxidase, veratryl alcohol oxidase, laccase, tyrosinase, catalase, dcip reductase and superoxide dismutase during decolorization of rubine gfl. ftir, gc-ms, hplc and uv-visible spectrophotometric analysis confirmed phytotran ...201627268973
[pleiotropic effects of gibberellin-sensitive and gibberellin-insensitive dwarfing genes in common wheat of the southern step region of black sea].investigations of the pleiotropic effects of ga-sensitive (rht8) and ga-insensitive (rht-b1, rht-d1) dwarfing genes and a gene that determines the response of plants to photoperiod--ppd-d1 were carried out for three years in the southern step region of black sea bank on five different genetic backgrounds. it is shown that in addition to direct effects on plant height ga-sensitive and ga-insensitive dwarfing genes have pleiotropic effects on all studied traits except the number of fertile spikele ...201627266182
composition of cuticular waxes coating flag leaf blades and peduncles of triticum aestivum cv. bethlehem.the work herein presents comprehensive analyses of the cuticular wax mixtures covering the flag leaf blade and peduncle of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) cv. bethlehem. overall, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and flame ionization detection revealed a wax coverage of flag leaf blades (16 μg/cm(2)) a third that of peduncles (49 μg/cm(2)). flag leaf blade wax was dominated by 1-alkanols, while peduncle wax contained primarily β-diketone and hydroxy-β-diketones, thus suggesting differential r ...201627264640
resistance of wheat accessions to the english grain aphid sitobion avenae.the english grain aphid, sitobion avenae, is a major pest species of wheat crops; however, certain varieties may have stronger resistance to infestation than others. here, we investigated 3 classical resistance mechanisms (antixenosis, antibiosis, and tolerance) by 14 wheat varieties/lines to s. avenae under laboratory and field conditions. under laboratory conditions, alatae given the choice between 2 wheat varieties, strongly discriminated against certain varieties. specifically, the 'amigo' v ...201627249206
an intercalary translocation from agropyron cristatum 6p chromosome into common wheat confers enhanced kernel number per spike.this study explored 6p chromosomal translocations in wheat, and determined the effects of 6p intercalary chromosome segments on kernel number per wheat spike. exploiting and utilising gene(s) from wild relative species has become an essential strategy for wheat crop improvement. in the translocation line pubing2978, the intercalary 6p chromosome segment from agropyron cristatum (l.) gaertn. (2n = 4x = 28, pppp) carried valuable multi-kernel gene(s) and was selected from the offspring of the comm ...201627246315
flour quality and related molecular characterization of high molecular weight glutenin subunit genes from wild emmer wheat accession td-256.to clarify the effect of high molecular weight glutenin subunit (hmw-gs) from wild emmer wheat on flour quality, which has the same mobility as that from common wheat, the composition and molecular characterization of hmw-gs from wild emmer wheat accession td-256, as well as its flour quality, were intensively analyzed. it is found that the mobilities of glu-a1 and glu-b1 subunits from td-256 are consistent with those of bread wheat cv. 'xiaoyan 6'. nevertheless, dough rheological properties of ...201627243935
nighttime evaporative demand induces plasticity in leaf and root hydraulic traits.increasing evidence suggests that nocturnal transpiration rate (trn ) is a non-negligible contributor to global water cycles. short-term variation in nocturnal vapor pressure deficit (vpdn ) has been suggested to be a key environmental variable influencing trn . however, the long-term effects of vpdn on plant growth and development remain unknown, despite recent evidence documenting long-term effects of daytime vpd on plant anatomy, growth and productivity. here we hypothesized that plant anatom ...201627235372
rapid evolutionary dynamics in a 2.8-mb chromosomal region containing multiple prolamin and resistance gene families in aegilops tauschii.prolamin and resistance gene families are important in wheat food use and in defense against pathogen attacks, respectively. to better understand the evolution of these multi-gene families, the dna sequence of a 2.8-mb genomic region, representing an 8.8 cm genetic interval and harboring multiple prolamin and resistance-like gene families, was analyzed in the diploid grass aegilops tauschii, the d-genome donor of bread wheat. comparison with orthologous regions from rice, brachypodium, and sorgh ...201627228577
soil water balance and water use efficiency of dryland wheat in different precipitation years in response to green manure approach.winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) monoculture is conventionally cultivated followed by two to three months of summer fallow in the loess plateau. to develop a sustainable cropping system, we conducted a six-year field experiment to investigate the effect of leguminous green manure (lgm) instead of bare fallow on the yield and water use efficiency (wue) of winter wheat and the soil water balance (swb) in different precipitation years in a semi-arid region of northwest china. results confirmed t ...201627225842
a metabolic gene cluster in the wheat w1 and the barley cer-cqu loci determines β-diketone biosynthesis and glaucousness.the glaucous appearance of wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare) plants, that is the light bluish-gray look of flag leaf, stem, and spike surfaces, results from deposition of cuticular β-diketone wax on their surfaces; this phenotype is associated with high yield, especially under drought conditions. despite extensive genetic and biochemical characterization, the molecular genetic basis underlying the biosynthesis of β-diketones remains unclear. here, we discovered that the whea ...201627225753
genetic control of protein content and sedimentation volume in european winter wheat cultivars.breeding of bread wheat in the last decades has maintained a high baking quality despite the intensive selection for grain yield. the quality trait sedimentation volume but not protein content is mainly controlled by the glu - a1, glu - b1, glu - d1, gli - b1 , and pinb - d1 loci which are differentially used in varieties from different european origins. protein content and sedimentation volume are two important quality traits in wheat breeding. in this study, we used a panel of 407 european win ...201627225454
[genealogical analysis of the use of two wheatgrass (agropyron) species in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) breeding for disease resistance].during the last 80 years, in order to increase the genetic variability of wheat, translocations containing nine elongated wheatgrass (agropyron elongatum) and eight intermediate wheatgrass (agropyron intermedium) genes, which control resistance to pathogens, were transferred to this crop culture. genealogical and statistical analysis of 1500 varieties developed using the wheatgrass gave evidence of the continuing increase in the proportion of such varieties in the total number of wheat varieties ...201627215032
[prevalence of vrn1 locus alleles among spring common wheat cultivars cultivated in western siberia].with the use of allele-specific primers developed for the vrn1 loci, the allelic diversity of the vrn-a1, vrn-b1, and vrn-d1 genes was studied in 148 spring common wheat cultivars cultivated under the conditions of western siberia. it was demonstrated that modern western siberian cultivars have the vrn-a1a allele, which is widely distributed in the world (alone or in combination with the vrn-b1a and vrn-b1c alleles). it was established that the main contribution in acceleration of the.seedling-h ...201627215031
dissecting mirnas in wheat d genome progenitor, aegilops tauschii.as the post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, micrornas or mirnas comprise an integral part of understanding how genomes function. although mirnas have been a major focus of recent efforts, mirna research is still in its infancy in most plant species. aegilops tauschii, the d genome progenitor of bread wheat, is a wild diploid grass exhibiting remarkable population diversity. due to the direct ancestry and the diverse gene pool, a. tauschii is a promising source for bread wheat impr ...201627200073
genome-wide association mapping of anther extrusion in hexaploid spring wheat.in a number of crop species hybrids are able to outperform line varieties. the anthers of the autogamous bread wheat plant are normally extruded post anthesis, a trait which is unfavourable for the production of f1 hybrid grain. higher anther extrusion (ae) promotes cross fertilization for more efficient hybrid seed production. therefore, this study aimed at the genetic dissection of ae by genome wide association studies (gwas) and determination of the main effect qtl. we applied gwas approach t ...201627191600
aluminum resistance in wheat involves maintenance of leaf ca(2+) and mg(2+) content, decreased lipid peroxidation and al accumulation, and low photosystem ii excitation pressure.the phytotoxic aluminum species (al(3+)) is considered as the primary factor limiting crop productivity in over 40 % of world's arable land that is acidic. we evaluated the responses of two wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l.) with differential al resistance, cv. yecora e (al-resistant) and cv. dio (al-sensitive), exposed to 0, 37, 74 and 148 μm al for 14 days in hydroponic culture at ph 4.5. with increasing al concentration, leaf ca(2+) and mg(2+) content decreased, as well as the effective q ...201627188757
nested association mapping of stem rust resistance in wheat using genotyping by sequencing.we combined the recently developed genotyping by sequencing (gbs) method with joint mapping (also known as nested association mapping) to dissect and understand the genetic architecture controlling stem rust resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum). ten stem rust resistant wheat varieties were crossed to the susceptible line lmpg-6 to generate f6 recombinant inbred lines. the recombinant inbred line populations were phenotyped in kenya, south africa, and st. paul, minnesota, usa. by joint mapping ...201627186883
influence of salinity and temperature on uptake of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (pfcas) by hydroponically grown wheat (triticum aestivum l.).perfluoroalkyl substances (pfass) have recently attracted increasing concerns due to their ubiquitous existence, adverse effects and persistence in environment. this study employed four perfluorinated carboxylic acids (pfcas) to examine effects of salinity and temperature on the pfas uptake in wheat, one of the major crops in the north china plain. wheat plants were grown in the spiked-pfca hydroponic culture system at different salinities and temperatures. as expected, salinity and temperature ...201627186505
[the inheritance of endosperm storage proteins by the line of the saratovskaya 29 cultivar of common wheat from its parental forms].we ran a comparative analysis of storage proteins (gliadins, high- (hmw) and low-molecular-weight (lmw) glutenins, puroindolines, and exogenous α-amylase pest inhibitors) in the saratovskaya 29 cultivar line from the collection of a genetic engineering laboratory, its parental forms (albidum 24 and lyutescens 55/11), and distant ancestors (poltavka, selivanovskiy rusak, sarroza, and tetraploid beloturka). it was confirmed that the allelic states of storage proteins in the gli-1, gli-2 and glu-1 ...201627183793
morphological and sequence-related amplified polymorphism-based molecular diversity of local and exotic wheat genotypes.assessing genetic diversity is a prerequisite for the genetic improvement of wheat. molecular markers offer accurate and reproducible means for assessing genetic diversity. field performance and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (srap)-based assessment of molecular diversity was carried out on a set of 10 local and introduced bread wheat (triticum sativum l.) genotypes grown in the middle arid region of saudi arabia. the results revealed highly significant differences among the studied phe ...201627173279
plant density effect on grain number and weight of two winter wheat cultivars at different spikelet and grain positions.in winter wheat, grain development is asynchronous. the grain number and grain weight vary significantly at different spikelet and grain positions among wheat cultivars grown at different plant densities. in this study, two winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars, 'wennong6' and 'jimai20', were grown under four different plant densities for two seasons, in order to study the effect of plant density on the grain number and grain weight at different spikelet and grain positions. the results ...201627171343
transcriptome analysis of purple pericarps in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars possessing purple grain arethought to be more nutritious because of high anthocyanin contents in the pericarp. comparative transcriptome analysis of purple (cv gy115) and white pericarps was carried out using next-generation sequencing technology. there were 23,642 unigenes significantly differentially expressed in the purple and white pericarps, including 9945 up-regulated and 13,697 down-regulated. the differentially expressed unigenes were mainly involve ...201627171148
inter-varietal interactions among plants in genotypically diverse mixtures tend to decrease herbivore performance.much research has explored the effects of plant species diversity on herbivore populations, but far less has considered effects of plant genotypic diversity, or how abiotic stressors, like drought, can modify effects. mechanisms by which plant genotypic diversity affects herbivore populations remain largely unresolved. we used greenhouse studies with a model system of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and bird cherry-oat aphid (rhopalosiphum padi l.) to determine whether the genotypic diversity of a ...201627170329
genomic prediction for grain zinc and iron concentrations in spring wheat.predictability estimated through cross-validation approach showed moderate to high level; hence, genomic selection approach holds great potential for biofortification breeding to enhance grain zinc and iron concentrations in wheat. wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is a major staple crop, providing 20 % of dietary energy and protein consumption worldwide. it is an important source of mineral micronutrients such as zinc (zn) and iron (fe) for resource poor consumers. genomic selection (gs) approaches ...201627170319
heading date qtl in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) coincide with major developmental genes vernalization1 and photoperiod1.in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), time from planting to spike emergence is influenced by genes controlling vernalization requirement and photoperiod response. characterizing the available genetic diversity of known and novel alleles of vernalization1 (vrn1) and photoperiod1 (ppd1) in winter wheat can inform approaches for breeding climate resilient cultivars. this study identified qtl for heading date (hd) associated with multiple vrn1 and ppd1 loci in a population developed from a cross between ...201627163605
detection of qtls for traits associated with pre-harvest sprouting resistance in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).pre-harvest sprouting (phs) is one of the serious problems for wheat production, especially in rainy regions. although seed dormancy is the most critical trait for phs resistance, the control of heading time should also be considered to prevent seed maturation during unfavorable conditions. in addition, awning is known to enhance water absorption by the spike, causing phs. in this study, we conducted qtl analysis for three phs resistant related traits, seed dormancy, heading time and awn length, ...201627162497
retraction of: overexpression of vp, a vacuolar h+-pyrophosphatase gene in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), improves tobacco plant growth under pi and n deprivation, high salinity, and drought. 201627162277
comparative toxicity of nonylphenol, nonylphenol-4-ethoxylate and nonylphenol-10-ethoxylate to wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.).nonylphenol polyethoxylates (npeos) are a group of surfactants that are widely used in industrial and household products and often detected in the environment. the metabolite of npeos, named nonylphenol (np), has proven to be an endocrine disruptor, and its environmental behavior and eco-toxicity have been widely investigated in previous studies. however, to the best of our knowledge, insight into the toxicity differences of np and npeos on important crops remains limited. therefore, this study ...201627162129
salt tolerance function of the novel c2h2-type zinc finger protein taznf in wheat.the expression profile chip of the wheat salt-tolerant mutant rh8706-49 was investigated under salt stress in our laboratory. results revealed a novel gene induced by salt stress with unknown functions. the gene was named as taznf (triticum aestivum predicted dof zinc finger protein) because it contains the zf-dof superfamily and was deposited in genbank (accession no. kf307327). further analysis showed that taznf significantly improved the salt-tolerance of transgenic arabidopsis. various physi ...201627156137
identification and molecular characterization of the nicotianamine synthase gene family in bread wheat.nicotianamine (na) is a non-protein amino acid involved in fundamental aspects of metal uptake, transport and homeostasis in all plants and constitutes the biosynthetic precursor of mugineic acid family phytosiderophores (mas) in graminaceous plant species. nicotianamine synthase (nas) genes, which encode enzymes that synthesize na from s-adenosyl-l-methionine (sam), are differentially regulated by iron (fe) status in most plant species and plant genomes have been found to contain anywhere from ...201627155533
selenium promotes sulfur accumulation and plant growth in wheat (triticum aestivum).selenium (se) is an essential micronutrient for animals and humans and a target for biofortification in crops. sulfur (s) is a crucial nutrient for plant growth. to gain better understanding of se and s nutrition and interaction in plants, the effects of se dosages and forms on plant growth as well as on s level in seven wheat lines were examined. low dosages of both selenate and selenite supplements were found to enhance wheat shoot biomass and show no inhibitory effect on grain production. the ...201627152969
ancestral qtl alleles from wild emmer wheat improve drought resistance and productivity in modern wheat cultivars.wild emmer wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) is considered a promising source for improving stress resistances in domesticated wheat. here we explored the potential of selected quantitative trait loci (qtls) from wild emmer wheat, introgressed via marker-assisted selection, to enhance drought resistance in elite durum (t. turgidum ssp. durum) and bread (t. aestivum) wheat cultivars. the resultant near-isogenic lines (bc3f3 and bc3f4) were genotyped using snp array to confirm the introgr ...201627148287
electropriming of wheatgrass seeds using pulsed electric fields enhances antioxidant metabolism and the bioprotective capacity of wheatgrass shoots.the influence of pulsed electric field (pef) (0.5-2 kv/cm) treatment of wheatgrass (triticum aestivum l.) seeds, with different water contents, on antioxidant metabolism in the resultant seedlings was investigated. imbibing seeds to a water content of 45% or greater prior to pef treatment increased the glutathione level and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase in the resultant seedlings, compared to untreated control ...201627147445
involvement of nitrogen functional groups in high-affinity copper binding in tomato and wheat root apoplasts: spectroscopic and thermodynamic evidence.carboxylic groups located in plant cell walls (cw) are generally considered to be the main copper binding sites in plant roots, despite the presence of other functional groups. the aim of this study was to investigate sites responsible for copper binding in root apoplasts, i.e. cw and outer surface of the plasma membrane (pm) continuum. binding sites in root apoplasts were investigated by comparing isolated cw of a monocotyledon (triticum aestivum l.) and dicotyledon (solanum lycopersicum l.) cr ...201626824877
between china and south asia: a middle asian corridor of crop dispersal and agricultural innovation in the bronze age.the period from the late third millennium bc to the start of the first millennium ad witnesses the first steps towards food globalization in which a significant number of important crops and animals, independently domesticated within china, india, africa and west asia, traversed central asia greatly increasing eurasian agricultural diversity. this paper utilizes an archaeobotanical database (ascad), to explore evidence for these crop translocations along southern and northern routes of interacti ...201627942165
high-throughput sequencing reveals single nucleotide variants in longer-kernel bread wheat.the transcriptomes of bread wheat yunong 201 and its ethyl methanesulfonate derivative yunong 3114 were obtained by next-sequencing technology. single nucleotide variants (snvs) in the wheat strains were explored and compared. a total of 5907 and 6287 non-synonymous snvs were acquired for yunong 201 and 3114, respectively. a total of 4021 genes with snvs were obtained. the genes that underwent non-synonymous snvs were significantly involved in atp binding, protein phosphorylation, and cellular p ...201627551288
genotypically identifying wheat mesophyll conductance regulation under progressive drought stress.photosynthesis limitation by co2 flow constraints from sub-stomatal cavities to carboxylation sites in chloroplasts under drought stress conditions is, at least in some plant species or crops not fully understood, yet. leaf mesophyll conductance for co2 (gm) may considerably affect both photosynthesis and water use efficiency (wue) in plants under drought conditions. the aim of our study was to detect the responses of gm in leaves of four winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes from differ ...201627551283
genome-wide identification, phylogeny and expressional profiles of mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase (mapkkk) gene family in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (mapkkks) are the important components of mapk cascades, which play the crucial role in plant growth and development as well as in response to diverse stresses. although this family has been systematically studied in many plant species, little is known about mapkkk genes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), especially those involved in the regulatory network of stress processes.201627549916
the expression of tarca2-α gene associated with net photosynthesis rate, biomass and grain yield in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under field conditions.improvement in activation of rubisco by rubisco activase can potentially enhance co2 assimilation and photosynthetic efficiency in plants. the three homoeologous copies of tarca2-α were identified on chromosomes 4al, 4bs and 4ds (tarca2-α-4al, tarca2-α-4bs, and tarca2-α-4ds) in bread wheat. expression patterns of the three copies at heading (z55), anthesis (z67) and grain-filling (z73) stages were investigated through qrt-pcr analyses in a panel of 59 bread wheat genotypes and their effects on n ...201627548477
differential effects of ozone on photosynthesis of winter wheat among cultivars depend on antioxidative enzymes rather than stomatal conductance.five modern cultivars of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.): yangmai16 (y16), yangmai 15 (y15), yangfumai 2 (y2), yannong 19 (y19) and jiaxing 002 (j2) were investigated to determine the impacts of elevated ozone concentration (e-o3) on photosynthesis-related parameters and the antioxidant system under fully open-air field conditions in china. the plants were exposed to e-o3 at 1.5 times the ambient ozone concentration (a-o3) from the initiation of tillering to final harvest. pigments, gas exch ...201627543944
wheat bhlh-type transcription factor gene tabhlh1 is crucial in mediating osmotic stresses tolerance through modulating largely the aba-associated pathway.wheat bhlh family gene tabhlh1 is responsive to drought and salt stresses, and it acts as one crucial regulator in mediating tolerance to aforementioned stresses largely through an aba-associated pathway. osmotic stresses are adverse factors for plant growth and crop productivity. in this study, we characterized tabhlh1, a gene encoding wheat bhlh-type transcription factor (tf) protein, in mediating plant adaptation to osmotic stresses. tabhlh1 protein contains a conserved basic-helix-loop-helix ...201627541276
molecular evolution of wcor15 gene enhanced our understanding of the origin of a, b and d genomes in triticum aestivum.the allohexaploid bread wheat originally derived from three closely related species with a, b and d genome. although numerous studies were performed to elucidate its origin and phylogeny, no consensus conclusion has reached. in this study, we cloned and sequenced the genes wcor15-2a, wcor15-2b and wcor15-2d in 23 diploid, 10 tetraploid and 106 hexaploid wheat varieties and analyzed their molecular evolution to reveal the origin of the a, b and d genome in triticum aestivum. comparative analyses ...201627526862
qtls associated with agronomic traits in the cutler × ac barrie spring wheat mapping population using single nucleotide polymorphic markers.we recently reported three earliness per se quantitative trait loci (qtl) associated with flowering and maturity in a recombinant inbred lines (rils) population derived from a cross between the spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars 'cutler' and 'ac barrie' using 488 microsatellite and diversity arrays technology (dart) markers. here, we present qtls associated with flowering time, maturity, plant height, and grain yield using high density single nucleotide polymorphic (snp) markers in th ...201627513976
higher ammonium transamination capacity can alleviate glutamate inhibition on winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) root growth under high ammonium stress.most of the studies about nh4+ stress mechanism simply address the effects of free nh4+, failing to recognize the changed nitrogen assimilation products. the objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of glutamate on root growth under high ammonium (nh4+) conditions in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). hydroponic experiments were conducted using two wheat cultivars, ak58 (nh4+-sensitive) and xumai25 (nh4+-tolerant) with either 5 mm nh4+ nitrogen (an) as stress treatment or 5 mm nitr ...201627512992
optical nano-mapping and analysis of plant genomes.application of optical mapping based on bionano genomics irys(®) technology ( http://www.bionanogenomics.com/ ) is growing rapidly since its debut in november 2012. the technology can be used to facilitate genome sequence assembly and analysis of genome structural variations. we describe here the detailed protocol that we used to generate a whole genome bionano map for aegilops tauschii, the d genome progenitor of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum). we are using the whole genome bionano map to ...201627511170
manipulation of homologous and homoeologous chromosome recombination in wheat.given the sizes of the three genomes in wheat (a, b, and d) and a limited number of chiasmata formed in meiosis, recombination by crossing-over is a very rare event. it is also restricted to very similar homologues; the pairing homoeologous (ph) system of wheat prevents differentiated chromosomes from pairing and crossing-over. this chapter presents an overview and describes several systems by which the frequency or density of crossing-over can be increased, both in homologues and homoeologues. ...201627511168
assessing the impact of air pollution on grain yield of winter wheat - a case study in the north china plain.the major wheat production region of china the north china plain (ncp) is seriously affected by air pollution. in this study, yield of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was analyzed with respect to the potential impact of air pollution index under conditions of optimal crop management in the ncp from 2001 to 2012. results showed that air pollution was especially serious at the early phase of winter wheat growth significantly influencing various weather factors. however, no significant correlat ...201627612146
high transferability of homoeolog-specific markers between bread wheat and newly synthesized hexaploid wheat lines.bread wheat (triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) has a complex allohexaploid genome, which makes it difficult to differentiate between the homoeologous sequences and assign them to the chromosome a, b, or d subgenomes. the chromosome-based draft genome sequence of the 'chinese spring' common wheat cultivar enables the large-scale development of polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based markers specific for homoeologs. based on high-confidence 'chinese spring' genes with known functions, we deve ...201627611704
cloning and characterization of tambd6 homeologues encoding methyl-cpg-binding domain proteins in wheat.dna methylation is a major epigenetic marker in plants that plays a crucial role in transcriptional and developmental regulation. the dna methylation 'code' is thought to be 'read' by a set of proteins containing methyl-cpg-binding domain (mbd). however, little is known about mbd genes in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). here, we report the isolation and characterization of tambd6 and its homeologues (tambd6_a, tambd6_b, and tambd6_d) in hexaploid wheat. the cdna was quite different among th ...201627611240
screening of bread wheat genotypes for drought tolerance using phenotypic and proline analyses.drought stress is one of the leading constraints to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) production globally. breeding for drought tolerance using novel genetic resources is an important mitigation strategy. this study aimed to determine the level of drought tolerance among diverse bread wheat genotypes using agronomic traits and proline analyses and to establish correlation of proline content and agronomic traits under drought-stress conditions in order to select promising wheat lines for breeding. nin ...201627610116
dwarfing genes rht-b1b and rht-d1b are associated with both type i fhb susceptibility and low anther extrusion in two bread wheat populations.it has been well documented that dwarfing genes rht-b1b and rht-d1b are associated with type i susceptibility to fusarium head blight (fhb) in wheat; but the underlying mechanism has not been well delineated. anther extrusion (ae) has also been related to type i resistance for initial fhb infection, where high ae renders fhb resistance. in this study, two doubled haploid populations were used to investigate the impact of the two dwarfing genes on fhb resistance and ae, and to elucidate the role ...201627606928
biosynthesis and regulation of wheat amylose and amylopectin from proteomic and phosphoproteomic characterization of granule-binding proteins.waxy starch has an important influence on the qualities of breads. generally, grain weight and yield in waxy wheat (triticum aestivum l.) are significantly lower than in bread wheat. in this study, we performed the first proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of starch granule-binding proteins by comparing the waxy wheat cultivar shannong 119 and the bread wheat cultivar nongda 5181. these results indicate that reduced amylose content does not affect amylopectin synthesis, but it causes signifi ...201627604546
proteomic profiling analysis reveals that glutathione system plays important roles responding to osmotic stress in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) roots.wheat is one of the most important crops in the world, and osmotic stress has become one of the main factors affecting wheat production. understanding the mechanism of the response of wheat to osmotic stress would be greatly significant. in the present study, isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (itraq) was used to analyze the changes of protein expression in the wheat roots exposed to different osmotic stresses. a total of 2,228 expressed proteins, including 81 differentially e ...201627602297
the response of mesophyll conductance to nitrogen and water availability differs between wheat genotypes.increased mesophyll conductance (gm) has been suggested as a target for selection for high productivity and high water-use efficiency in crop plants, and genotypic variability in gm has been reported in several important crop species. however, effective selection requires an understanding of how gm varies with growth conditions, to ensure that the ranking of genotypes is consistent across environments. we assessed the genotypic variability in gm and other leaf gas exchange traits, as well as gro ...201627593470
ancestral qtl alleles from wild emmer wheat improve grain yield, biomass and photosynthesis across enviroinments in modern wheat.wild emmer wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) is considered a promising source for improving drought resistance in domesticated wheat. nevertheless, wild germplasm has not been widely used in wheat breeding for abiotic stress resilience. in the current study, a near isogenic line nil-7a-b-2, introgressed with a drought-related qtl from wild emmer wheat on chromosome 7a, and its recurrent parent, bread wheat cv. barnir, were investigated under four environments across 2 years-water-limite ...201627593460
combined effects of elevated temperature and co2 concentration on cd and zn accumulation dynamics in triticum aestivum l.a simulated climate warming experiment was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of elevated temperature and co2 concentration on the bioaccumulation, translocation and subcellular distributions of cd and zn in wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l. cv. xihan 1.) at dingxi, gansu province, china. the objective was to find evidence that global climate change is affecting the bioaccumulation of cd and zn in t. aestivum l. cv. xihan 1. the results showed that compared to control a, elevated tem ...201627593278
ssh analysis of endosperm transcripts and characterization of heat stress regulated expressed sequence tags in bread wheat.heat stress is one of the major problems in agriculturally important cereal crops, especially wheat. here, we have constructed a subtracted cdna library from the endosperm of hs-treated (42°c for 2 h) wheat cv. hd2985 by suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh). we identified ~550 recombinant clones ranging from 200 to 500 bp with an average size of 300 bp. sanger's sequencing was performed with 205 positive clones to generate the differentially expressed sequence tags (ests). most of the est ...201627582756
comparative proteomics illustrates the complexity of drought resistance mechanisms in two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars under dehydration and rehydration.drought stress is one of the most adverse environmental constraints to plant growth and productivity. comparative proteomics of drought-tolerant and sensitive wheat genotypes is a strategy to understand the complexity of molecular mechanism of wheat in response to drought. this study attempted to extend findings regarding the potential proteomic dynamics in wheat under drought stress and to enrich the research content of drought tolerance mechanism.201627576435
identification and comparative analysis of microrna in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) callus derived from mature and immature embryos during in vitro culture.feasible and efficient tissue culture plays an important role in plant genetic engineering. wheat (triticum aestivum l.) immature embryos (imes) are preferred for tissue culture to mature embryos (mes) because imes easily generate embryogenic callus, producing large number of plants. the molecular mechanisms of regulation and the biological pathways involved in embryogenic callus formation in wheat remain unclear. here, micrornas (mirnas) potentially involved in embryogenic callus formation and ...201627625667
correction: factors affecting the radiosensitivity of hexaploid wheat to γ-irradiation: radiosensitivity of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.).[this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161700.].201627764225
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