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presence of escherichia coli o157, salmonella spp., and listeria monocytogenes in raw ovine milk destined for cheese production and evaluation of the equivalence between the analytical methods applied.italy is one of the main producers and exporters of cheese made from unpasteurized sheep milk. since raw milk and its derived products are known sources of human infections, cheese produced from raw sheep milk could pose a microbiological threat to public health. hence, the objectives of the study were: to characterize the potential risk of the presence of pathogens escherichia coli o157, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella in raw ovine milk destined for cheese production obtained from all th ...201627607835
development of a sandwich elisa for ehec o157:h7 intimin γ1.enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h7 is a zoonotic pathogen of worldwide importance that causes foodborne infections in humans. intimin gamma 1 (intimin γ1) is one of the most important outer membrane proteins required for ehec's intimate adhesion to epithelial cells. here, we generated a polyclonal antibody (pab) and a monoclonal antibody (mab) against intimin γ1 to develop a double antibody sandwich elisa (das-elisa) with increased sensitivity and specificity for measuring ehec o1 ...201627603508
characterization of egg white antibacterial properties during the first half of incubation: a comparative study between embryonated and unfertilized eggs.egg white is an important contributor to the protection of eggs against bacterial contaminations during the first half of incubation (day zero to 12), prior to the egg white transfer into the amniotic fluid to be orally absorbed by the embryo. this protective system relies on an arsenal of antimicrobial proteins and on intrinsic physicochemical properties that are generally unfavorable for bacterial multiplication and dissemination. some changes in these parameters can be observed in egg white d ...201627601682
do bacterial cell numbers follow a theoretical poisson distribution? comparison of experimentally obtained numbers of single cells with random number generation via computer simulation.we investigated a bacterial sample preparation procedure for single-cell studies. in the present study, we examined whether single bacterial cells obtained via 10-fold dilution followed a theoretical poisson distribution. four serotypes of salmonella enterica, three serotypes of enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli and one serotype of listeria monocytogenes were used as sample bacteria. an inoculum of each serotype was prepared via a 10-fold dilution series to obtain bacterial cell counts with me ...201627554145
modeling optimal process conditions for uv-heat inactivation of foodborne pathogens in liquid foods.the combination of ultraviolet radiation and heat (uv-h treatment) has been demonstrated as a promising strategy to overcome the limited uv germicidal effect in fruit juices. nonetheless, there are so far no data regarding the efficacy of the combined process for the inactivation of bacterial foodborne pathogens in other liquid foods with different ph and composition. in this investigation, the optimum uv-h processing conditions for the inactivation of escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, l ...201627554141
rapid colorimetric sensing platform for the detection of listeria monocytogenes foodborne pathogen.listeria monocytogenes is a serious cause of human foodborne infections worldwide, which needs spending billions of dollars for inspection of bacterial contamination in food every year. therefore, there is an urgent need for rapid, in-field and cost effective detection techniques. in this study, rapid, low-cost and simple colorimetric assay was developed using magnetic nanoparticles for the detection of listeria bacteria. the protease from the listeria bacteria was detected using d-amino acid su ...201627543841
chitosan grafted monomethyl fumaric acid as a potential food preservative.the present study aims at in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activity evaluation of chitosan modified with monomethyl fumaric acid (mfa) using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (edc) as mediator. three different kinds of chitosan derivatives ch-ds-1,ch-ds-2 and ch-ds-3 were synthesized by feeding different concentration of mfa. the chemical structures of resulting materials were characterized by (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, hr-xrd, ft-ir and tnbs assay. the results showed that ch-ds-1, ...201627516253
preparation of pectin/silver nanoparticles composite films with uv-light barrier and properties.silver nanoparticles (agnps) was synthesized by a green method using an aqueous extract of caesalpinia mimosoides lamk (cmle) as reducing and stabilizing agents, and they were used for the preparation of pectin-based antimicrobial composite films. the agnps were spherical in shape with the size in the range of 20-80nm and showed the absorption peak around 500nm. the pectin/agnps composite film exhibited characteristic absorption peak of agnps at 480nm. the surface color and light transmittance o ...201627492557
strategies to block bacterial pathogenesis by interference with motility and chemotaxis.infections by motile, pathogenic bacteria, such as campylobacter species, clostridium species, escherichia coli, helicobacter pylori, listeria monocytogenes, neisseria gonorrhoeae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella species, vibrio cholerae, and yersinia species, represent a severe economic and health problem worldwide. of special importance in this context is the increasing emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. due to the shortage of effective antibiotics for the treatment of in ...201627000091
integration of antimicrobial pectin-based edible coating and active modified atmosphere packaging to preserve the quality and microbial safety of fresh-cut persimmon (diospyros kaki thunb. cv. rojo brillante).the greatest hurdle to the commercial marketing of fresh-cut fruits is related to their higher susceptibility to enzymatic browning, tissue softening, and microbial growth. the aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a pectin-based edible coating and low oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (map) to control enzymatic browning and reduce microbial growth of fresh-cut 'rojo brillante' persimmon. the survival of escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidis and listeria monocytogenes artificially ...201626997097
an economic evaluation of pulsenet: a network for foodborne disease surveillance.the pulsenet surveillance system is a molecular subtyping network of public health and food regulatory agency laboratories designed to identify and facilitate investigation of foodborne illness outbreaks. this study estimates health and economic impacts associated with pulsenet. the staggered adoption of pulsenet across the states offers a natural experiment to evaluate its effectiveness, which is measured as reduction of reported illnesses due to improved information, enhanced industry accounta ...201626993535
atf3 provides protection from staphylococcus aureus and listeria monocytogenes infections.activating transcription factor 3 (atf3) is a stress-induced transcriptional regulator in eukaryote. the role of atf3 in cancer has been well defined, but how atf3 functions in bacterial infection is not well understood. pneumococcal infection has been shown to induce atf3 expression, which subsequently enhances cytokine production and provides protection from lethal streptococcus pneumoniae infection, but the role of atf3 in other gram-positive (g(+)) infections remains unclear. here, we report ...201626989156
effect of high intensity ultrasound on the fermentation profile of lactobacillus sakei in a meat model system.the objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of high intensity ultrasound on the fermentation profile of lactobacillus sakei in a meat model system. ultrasound power level (0-68.5 w) and sonication time (0-9 min) at 20 °c were assessed against the growth of l. sakei using a microplate reader over a period of 24h. the l. sakei growth data showed a good fit with the gompertz model (r(2)>0.90; se<0.042). second order polynomial models demonstrated the effect of ultrasonic power and s ...201626964981
foodborne outbreaks reported to the u.s. food safety and inspection service, fiscal years 2007 through 2012.the u.s. department of agriculture's food safety and inspection service (fsis) works closely with federal, state, and local public health partners to investigate foodborne illness outbreaks associated with its regulated products. to provide insight into outbreaks associated with meat and poultry, outbreaks reported to fsis during fiscal years 2007 through 2012 were evaluated. outbreaks were classified according to the strength of evidence linking them to an fsis-regulated product and by their ep ...201626939654
assessing the impacts of temperature and storage on escherichia coli, salmonella, and l. monocytogenes decay in dairy manure.elevated levels of animal waste-borne pathogen in ambient water is a serious human health issue. mitigating influx of pathogens from animal waste such as dairy manure to soil and water requires improving our existing knowledge of pathogen reductions in dairy manure treatment methods. this study was conducted to enhance the  understanding of human pathogen decay in liquid dairy manure in anaerobic (an) and limited aerobic (la) storage conditions. the decay of three pathogens (escherichia coli, sa ...201626922419
microbiological quality of fresh produce obtained from retail stores on the eastern shore of maryland, united states of america.the aim of this study was to investigate the microbiological quality of six types of fresh produce obtained from three retail stores located on the eastern shore of maryland, usa. a total of 414 samples representing basil, cilantro, lettuce, scallion, spinach, and parsley were analyzed for total aerobic bacteria (apc), total coliforms, escherichia coli, and three pathogenic bacteria (e. coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella), using standard methods. presumptive pathogenic isolates ...201626919815
systemic analysis of foodborne disease outbreak in korea.this study systemically analyzed data on the prevalence of foodborne pathogens and foodborne disease outbreaks to identify the priorities of foodborne infection risk management in korea. multiple correspondence analysis was applied to three variables: origin of food source, phase of food supply chain, and 12 pathogens using 358 cases from 76 original papers and official reports published in 1998-2012. in addition, correspondence analysis of two variables--place and pathogen--was conducted based ...201626863429
establishment and application of a visual dna microarray for the detection of food-borne pathogens.the accurate detection and identification of food-borne pathogenic microorganisms is critical for food safety nowadays. in the present work, a visual dna microarray was established and applied to detect pathogens commonly found in food, including salmonella enterica, shigella flexneri, e. coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes in food samples. multiplex pcr (mpcr) was employed to simultaneously amplify specific gene fragments, fimy for salmonella, ipah for shigella, iap for l. monocytogenes and ...201626860568
identification of the risk factors associated with cheese production to implement the hazard analysis and critical control points (haccp) system on cheese farms.the purpose of this paper was to evaluate, by statistical analyses, risk factors on cheese farms that can influence the microbial contamination of their products. various assessment tools, such as cheese production questionnaires, food handlers' knowledge testing, and hygiene assessment system surveys, were used on 39 cheese farms on the island of gran canaria, spain. the microbiological status of 773 raw milk and cheese samples from the cheese farms was assessed by enumerating total viable coun ...201626851842
inactivation of escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella enteritidis by cymbopogon citratus d.c. stapf. essential oil in pineapple juice.in the present study, the efficacy of cymbopogon citratus d.c. stapf. essential oil (cceo) to provoke a 5-log cfu/ml (5-log) inactivation in a mixed composite of escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in pineapple (ananas comosus (l.) merril) juice (4°c) was assessed. moreover, the effects of cceo on the physicochemical and sensory quality parameters of pineapple juice were evaluated. the mic of cceo was 5 μl/ml against the composite mix examined. f ...201626818981
the response of foodborne pathogens to osmotic and desiccation stresses in the food chain.in combination with other strategies, hyperosmolarity and desiccation are frequently used by the food processing industry as a means to prevent bacterial proliferation, and particularly that of foodborne pathogens, in food products. however, it is increasingly observed that bacteria, including human pathogens, encode mechanisms to survive and withstand these stresses. this review provides an overview of the mechanisms employed by salmonella spp., shiga toxin producing e. coli, cronobacter spp., ...201626803272
edible antimicrobial films based on microencapsulated lemongrass oil.edible films and coatings have been proposed as viable alternatives for the preservation of fresh food such as fruit, meat, fish and cheese. they can be designed to contain natural antioxidants, vitamins and antimicrobials in order to extend shelf life of the product keeping the natural sensorial properties. essential oils have been targeted as potential active principles for edible films and coatings given their well-recognized antioxidant, antimicrobial and sensory properties. in the present w ...201626788005
identification of the agr peptide of listeria monocytogenes.listeria monocytogenes (lm) is an important food-borne human pathogen that is able to strive under a wide range of environmental conditions. its accessory gene regulator (agr) system was shown to impact on biofilm formation and virulence and has been proposed as one of the regulatory mechanisms involved in adaptation to these changing environments. the lm agr operon is homologous to the staphylococcus aureus system, which includes an agrd-encoded autoinducing peptide that stimulates expression o ...201627446029
potential of the polymer poly-[2-(tert-butylamino) methylstyrene] as antimicrobial packaging material for meat products.the objective of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial potential of a new sam(®) polymer poly(tbams) as packaging material for meat products.201627427869
duplex identification of staphylococcus aureus by aptamer and gold nanoparticles.staphylococcus aureus is the top common pathogen causing infections and food poisoning. identification of s. aureus is crucial for the disease diagnosis and regulation of food hygiene. herein, we report an aptamer-aunps based method for duplex identification of s. aureus. using aunps as an indicator, sa23, an aptamer against s. aureus, can well identify its target from escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes and pseudomonas aeruginosa. furthermore, we find citrate-coated aunps can strongly bind ...201627427591
bacterial meningitis in solid organ transplant recipients: a population-based prospective study.solid organ transplant (sot) recipients are at risk of infections of the central nervous system. however, the incidence and clinical course of bacterial meningitis in sot recipients are unclear. we studied occurrence, disease course, and prognosis of bacterial meningitis in sot recipients in the netherlands.201627385317
in vitro and in vivo probiotic assessment of leuconostoc mesenteroides p45 isolated from pulque, a mexican traditional alcoholic beverage.pulque is a mexican traditional alcoholic, non-distilled, fermented beverage produced by the fermentation of the sap, known as aguamiel, extracted from several maguey (agave) species. pulque has traditionally been considered a healthy beverage due to its nutrient content and also a traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and intestinal infections. during pulque fermentation, the development of acidity, alcohol and viscosity define its final sensorial properties, deve ...201627375977
survival of foodborne pathogens in natural cracked olive brines.this work reports the survival (challenge tests) of foodborne pathogen species (escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella enterica) in aloreña de málaga table olive brines. the inhibitions were fit using a log-linear model with tail implemented in ginafit excel software. the olive brine had a considerable inhibitory effect on the pathogens. the residual (final) populations (fp) after 24 h was below detection limit (<1.30 log10 cfu/ml) for all species assayed ...201627375250
bioactive packaging using antioxidant extracts for the prevention of microbial food-spoilage.bioactive food packaging is an innovative approach for the prevention of the growth of food-spoilage microorganisms. four active extracts from agroindustrial subproducts (eucalyptus wood, almond shells, corn cobs and grape pomace) with demonstrated antioxidant activity have been investigated for bestowing antimicrobial activity to bioactive packaging. to carry out this evaluation, the antioxidant extracts were tested against five food pathogenic bacteria, namely, escherichia coli, pseudomonas ae ...201627363903
changes in aerobic plate and escherichia coli-coliform counts and in populations of inoculated foodborne pathogens on inshell walnuts during storage.after harvest, inshell walnuts are dried using low-temperature forced air and are then stored in bins or silos for up to 1 year. to better understand the survival of bacteria on inshell walnuts, aerobic plate counts (apcs) and escherichia coli?coliform counts (eccs) were evaluated during commercial storage (10 to 12°c and 63 to 65% relative humidity) over 9 months. apcs decreased by 1.4 to 2.0 log cfu per nut during the first 5 months of storage, and eccs decreased by 1.3 to 2.2 log cfu per nut ...201627357033
multi-criteria framework as an innovative tradeoff approach to determine the shelf-life of high pressure-treated poultry.a multi-criteria framework combining safety, hygiene and sensorial quality was developed to investigate the possibility of extending the shelf-life and/or removing lactate by applying high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) in a ready-to-cook (rtc) poultry product. for this purpose, salmonella and listeria monocytogenes were considered as safety indicators and escherichia coli as hygienic indicator. predictive modeling was used to determine the influence of hhp and lactate concentration on microbial gro ...201627343425
foodborne bacterial pathogens in retail prepacked ready-to-eat mixed ingredient salads.prepacked ready-to-eat mixed ingredient salads (rte salads) are readily available whole meals that include a variety of ingredients such as raw vegetables, cooked meat, and pasta. as part of a trend toward healthy convenience foods, rte salads have become an increasingly popular product among consumers. however, data on the incidence of foodborne pathogens in rte salads are scarce. in this study, the microbiological safety of 141 rte salads containing chicken, ham, or smoked salmon was investiga ...201627296602
estimating bacterial pathogen levels in new zealand bulk tank milk.zoonotic bacteria such as campylobacter, listeria, and shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli have been found in bulk tank milk in many countries, and the consumption of raw milk has been implicated in outbreaks of disease in new zealand. fecal contamination at milking is probably the most common source of pathogenic bacteria in bulk tank milk. raw milk was collected from 80 new zealand dairy farms during 2011 and 2012 and tested periodically for campylobacter, e. coli o157, listeria monocytogen ...201627296424
coliform detection in cheese is associated with specific cheese characteristics, but no association was found with pathogen detection.coliform detection in finished products, including cheese, has traditionally been used to indicate whether a given product has been manufactured under unsanitary conditions. as our understanding of the diversity of coliforms has improved, it is necessary to assess whether coliforms are a good indicator organism and whether coliform detection in cheese is associated with the presence of pathogens. the objective of this study was (1) to evaluate cheese available on the market for presence of colif ...201627289158
antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities of free and bound phenolics from peel and flesh of fuji apple.this study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities of flesh free (ff), flesh bound (fb), peel free (pf), and peel bound (pb) phenolics from fuji apple. the pb, which had highest total phenolic contents (126.15 ± 2.41 mg/100 g wet weight) and lowest total carbohydrate contents (34.68 ± 2.78 mg/100 g wet weight), showed the strongest 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (abts) radical scavenging activity (ec50 = 0.36 ± 0.02 mg/ml), ...201627272442
bacterial quality and safety of packaged fresh leafy vegetables at the retail level in finland.consumption of packaged fresh leafy vegetables, which are convenient ready-to-eat products, has increased during the last decade. the number of foodborne outbreaks associated with these products has concurrently increased. in our study, (1) label information, (2) o2/co2 composition, (3) bacterial quality and (4) safety of 100 fresh leafy vegetables at the retail level were studied in finland during 2013. bacterial quality was studied using aerobic bacteria (ab) and coliform bacteria (cb) counts, ...201627257744
effects of chitin nano-whiskers on the antibacterial and physicochemical properties of maize starch films.we investigated the effects of chitin nano-whiskers (cnws) on the antibacterial and physiochemical properties of maize starch-based films. the microstructures, crystalline structures, and thermal, mechanical and barrier properties of the nanocomposite films were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction analysis, thermogravimetric, differential scanning calorimeter, and texture profile analysis. the tensile strength of the maize starch films increased from 1.64mp ...201627178943
characterization of two listeria innocua chitinases of different sizes that were expressed in escherichia coli.two putative chitinase genes, lin0153 and lin1996, from the nonpathogenic bacterium listeria innocua were expressed in escherichia coli, and the gene products were characterized. the genes were close homologs of chitinases from the pathogenic bacterium listeria monocytogenes, in which chitinases and chitin-binding proteins play important roles in pathogenesis in mice-infection models. the purified recombinant enzymes that are different in size, linchi78 (lin0153 product) and linchi35 (lin1996 pr ...201627138200
cellulose aerogels functionalized with polypyrrole and silver nanoparticles: in-situ synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity.green porous and lightweight cellulose aerogels have been considered as promising candidates to substitute some petrochemical host materials to support various nanomaterials. in this work, waste wheat straw was collected as feedstock to fabricate cellulose hydrogels, and a green inexpensive naoh/polyethylene glycol solution was used as cellulose solvent. prior to freeze-drying treatment, the cellulose hydrogels were integrated with polypyrrole and silver nanoparticles by easily-operated in-situ ...201627112885
preparations and characterization of alginate/silver composite films: effect of types of silver particles.alginate-based films reinforced with different types of silver particles such as metallic silver (agm), silver zeolite (agz), citrate reduced silver nanoparticles (agnp(c)), laser ablated silver nanoparticles (agnp(la)), and silver nitrate (agno3) were prepared using a solvent casting method and the effect of silver particles on the optical, mechanical, water vapor barrier, and antimicrobial properties the composite films was evaluated. size and shape of the silver particles were varied dependin ...201627112867
rifampicin- and rifabutin-resistant listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from food products carry mutations in rpob gene.the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of rifampicin resistance in listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from different types of food and the impact of specific mutations in the rpob gene on susceptibility to different antimicrobial agents and on fitness cost. fifteen spontaneous rifampicin-resistant strains were selected. the dna regions corresponding to clusters i-ii, iii, and n-terminal end of the rpob gene of escherichia coli were amplified and sequenced, leading to the ide ...201627105395
microbiological quality of the water used in agriculture in sardinia.the microbiological quality of the water used in irrigation is crucial for the safety of products, such as fruit and vegetables, especially when destined to be consumed raw. however, the microbiological quality of this water is not defined at a community regulatory level or at a national level.201627071326
assessment of the microbiological safety of precut fruit from retail and catering premises in the united kingdom.fresh fruit has been associated with a number of foodborne outbreaks in recent years. in particular, a large outbreak of listeriosis in the united states in 2011 was associated with consumption of cantaloupe melon, and an outbreak of salmonella newport in the united kingdom and europe (also in 2011) was linked to watermelon consumption. a study of precut fruit products from catering and retail premises in the united kingdom was, therefore, carried out to assess their microbiological safety. betw ...201627052864
in vitro evaluation of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances produced by lactic acid bacteria isolated during traditional sicilian cheese making.bacteriocins are antimicrobial proteins produced by bacteria that inhibit the growth of other bacteria with a bactericidal or bacteriostatic mode of action. many lactic acid bacteria (lab) produce a high diversity of different bacteriocins. bacteriocinogenic lab are generally recognised as safe (gras) and useful to control the frequent development of pathogens and spoilage microorganisms. for this reason they are commonly used as starter cultures in food fermentations. in this study, the authors ...201627800430
enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase i (fabi) is essential for the intracellular growth of listeria monocytogenes.enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase catalyzes the last step in each elongation cycle of type ii bacterial fatty acid synthesis and is a key regulatory protein in bacterial fatty acid synthesis. genes of the facultative intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes encode two functional enoyl-acyl carrier protein isoforms based on their ability to complement the temperature-sensitive growth phenotype of escherichia coli strain jp1111 [fabi(ts)]. the fabi isoform was inactivated by the fabi selec ...201627736774
the scavenger receptor ssc5d physically interacts with bacteria through the srcr-containing n-terminal domain.the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (srcr) family comprises a group of membrane-attached or secreted proteins that contain one or more modules/domains structurally similar to the membrane distal domain of type i macrophage scavenger receptor. although no all-inclusive biological function has been ascribed to the srcr family, some of these receptors have been shown to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamp) of bacteria, fungi, or other microbes. ssc5d is a recently described solu ...201627790215
microbiological quality and variability of natural microbiota in croatian cheese maturing in lambskin sacks.as in the traditional production of cheese in lambskin sacks raw cow's or sheep's milk is mostly used, the purpose of this study is to see how the production affects the microbiological quality of the cheese. to do that, we tested 39 samples of raw cow's and sheep's milk, curd, ripened cheese (15, 30 and 45 days) and lambskin sacks for native microbial population. two-thirds of the milk, curd and cheese samples had higher counts of staphylococci and enterobacteria than permitted by regulations. ...201627904402
microfluidic air sampler for highly efficient bacterial aerosol collection and identification.the early warning capability of the presence of biological aerosol threats is an urgent demand in ensuing civilian and military safety. efficient and rapid air sample collection in relevant indoor or outdoor environment is a key step for subsequent analysis of airborne microorganisms. herein, we report a portable battery-powered sampler that is capable of highly efficient bioaerosol collection. the essential module of the sampler is a polydimethylsiloxane (pdms) microfluidic chip, which consiste ...201627934096
microbial quality and suitability of roof-harvested rainwater in rural villages for crop irrigation and domestic use.the study aimed at assessing the microbiological quality and suitability of roof-harvested rainwater (rhrw) for crop irrigation and domestic use. in total, 80 rainwater tanks (246 samples) across three rural villages (ga-molepane, jericho and luthngele) were visited. culture-based techniques were used to isolate bacterial microbes and identities were confirmed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (maldi-tof-ms). uncultured fungal populations were also identified using ...201627959874
evaluation of molecular typing of foodborne pathogens in european reference laboratories from 2012 to 2013.in 2012, the european centre for disease prevention and control (ecdc) initiated external quality assessment (eqa) schemes for molecular typing including the national public health reference laboratories in europe. the overall aim for these eqa schemes was to enhance the european surveillance of food-borne pathogens by evaluating and improving the quality and comparability of molecular typing. the eqas were organised by statens serum institut (ssi) and included salmonella enterica subsp. enteric ...201628006653
evaluation of hygienic quality and labelling of fish distributed in public canteens of northeast italy.over the past few years, the demand for the introduction of fish products in public canteens (schools, hospitals and nursing-homes) has grown due to their good nutritional proprieties. the particular health conditions and sensitivity of some groups of consumers exposes them to greater risks of food poisoning. it is therefore important to monitor the raw materials that end up in mass catering implementing strategies of mass catering control, both with self-monitoring strategies and with regular c ...201627995098
microbiological and chemico-physical shelf-life and panel test to evaluate acceptability of liver mortadella.this study aimed to evaluate the shelf life of sliced cooked liver mortadella packaged in map (70-85% n2, 15-30% co2) and stored in refrigeration (4°c) or slight thermal abuse (8°c) for up to 49 days (declared best before date 45 days). the proximate composition, aw nitrites and nacl content were determined at t0. weekly, samples were submitted to microbiological [total viable count (tvc), lactic acid bacteria (lab), enterobacteriaceae, escherichia coli, pseudomonas spp., coagulase positive stap ...201628058249
evaluation of electrolytically-generated hypochlorous acid ('electrolyzed water') for sanitation of meat and meat-contact surfaces.'electrolyzed water' generators are readily available in the food industry as a renewable source of hypochlorous acid that eliminates the need for workers to handle hazardous hypochlorite concentrates. we applied electrolyzed water (ew) directly to multi-strain cocktails of listeria monocytogenes, e. coli o157:h7, and salmonella sp. at 250 ppm free available chlorine (fac) and achieved greater than 6-log reductions in 2 min. lower ew values were examined as antimicrobial interventions for fresh ...201628231137
biochemical properties and mechanism of action of enterocin ld3 purified from enterococcus hirae ld3.enterocin ld3 was purified using activity-guided multistep chromatography techniques such as cation-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. the preparation's purity was tested using reverse-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography. the specific activity was tested to be 187.5 au µg(-1) with 13-fold purification. purified enterocin ld3 was heat stable up to 121 °c (at 15 psi pressure) and ph 2-6. the activity was lost in the presence of papain, reduced by proteinase k, pepsin and trypsin ...201627145777
chemical content, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of essential oil extract from tunisian origanum majorana l. cultivated under saline condition.essential oils of marjoram were extracted from plants, growing under non-saline and saline condition (75mm nacl). their antioxidant and antibaterial activity against six bacteria (enterococcus faecalis, escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidis, listeria ivanovii, listeria inocula, and listeria monocytogenes) were assessed. result showed that, (i) independently of salt treatment, marjoram essential oils inhibited the growth of most of the bacteria but in degrees. the least susceptible one was ent ...201628375110
evaluation of the antioxidative, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects of the aloe fermentation supernatant containing lactobacillus plantarum hm218749.1.little work is done to develop aloe vera (av) using probiotics. to explore the potential benefits, the antioxidant effects and the antibacterial effects on foodborne pathogens of aloe fermentation supernatant were evaluated in vitro. our results indicated that the aloe fermentation supernatant fermented by lactobacillus plantarum hm218749.1 had very strong scavenging capacities of the dpph (86%), o2 (•-) (85%), (•)oh (76%), and fe(2+) chelation (82%) and reducing powers (242.5 mg/l), and the inh ...201627493450
a novel enterocin t1 with anti-pseudomonas activity produced by enterococcus faecium t1 from chinese tibet cheese.an enterocin-producing enterococcus faecium t1 was isolated from chinese tibet cheese. the enterocin was purified by sp-sepharose and reversed phase hplc. it was identified as unique from other reported bacteriocins based on molecular weight (4629 da) and amino acid compositions; therefore it was subsequently named enterocin t1. enterocin t1 was stable at 80-100 °c and over a wide ph range, ph 3.0-10.0. protease sensitivity was observed to trypsin, pepsin, papain, proteinase k, and pronase e. im ...201626745981
antibiotic susceptibility, antibacterial activity and characterisation of enterococcus faecium strains isolated from breast milk.enterococci, which have useful biotechnological applications, produce bacteriocins, including those that exert anti-listerial activity. the present study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and antimicrobial activity of enterococcus faecium strains isolated from human breast milk. the strains were identified using carbohydrate fermentation tests and ribotyping. subsequently, the antibacterial activity of the isolates was investigated, and the quantities of lactic acid and h ...201627602088
purification of a novel bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance produced by enterococcus faecium icis 8 and characterization of its mode of action.the aim of this work was to purify and characterize a bacteriocin-like antimicrobial substance produced by an antagonistic active strain of enterococcus faecium.201627575914
core-shell nanorod columnar array combined with gold nanoplate-nanosphere assemblies enable powerful in situ sers detection of bacteria.development of a label-free ultrasensitive nanosensor for detection of bacteria is presented. sensitive assay for gram-positive bacteria was achieved via electrostatic attraction-guided plasmonic bifacial superstructure/bacteria/columnar array assembled in one step. dynamic optical hotspots were formed in the hybridized nanoassembly under wet-dry critical state amplifying efficiently the weak vibrational modes of three representative food-borne gram-positive bacteria, that is, staphylococcus xyl ...201627574829
pediocin sa-1: a selective bacteriocin for controlling listeria monocytogenes in maize silages.in this study, we assessed the potential as silage additive of a bacteriocin produced by pediococcus acidilactici northern regional research laboratory (nrrl) b-5627 (pediocin sa-1). maize was inoculated either with a bacterial starter alone (i) or in combination with the bacteriocin (ip), and untreated silage served as control. we monitored the products of fermentation (ethanol, and lactic and acetic acids), the microbial population, and the presence of the indicator strain listeria monocytogen ...201627522409
evaluation of technological properties of enterococcus faecium cect 8849, a strain isolated from human milk, for the dairy industry.in this work, a variety of biochemical properties of enterococcus faecium cect 8849, which had been isolated from breast milk, were analyzed. its acidifying capacity and proteolytic activity were low but, in contrast, remarkable peptidase and esterase activities were observed. ethanol and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone were the most abundant volatile compounds found in experimental model cheese manufactured with e. faecium cect 8849. this strain inhibited the growth of several listeria monocytogenes and l ...201627216614
inactivation of salmonella, listeria monocytogenes and enterococcus faecium nrrl b-2354 in a selection of low moisture foods.the aims of this study were to obtain data on survival and heat resistance of cocktails of salmonella, listeria monocytogenes and the surrogate enterococcus faecium (nrrl b-2354) in four low moisture foods (confectionery formulation, chicken meat powder, pet food and savoury seasoning) during storage before processing. inoculated samples were stored at 16°c and cell viability examined at day 0, 3, 7 and 21. at each time point, the heat resistance at 80°c was determined. the purpose was to determ ...201627174678
analysis of the impact of rosuvastatin on bacterial mevalonate production using a uplc-mass spectrometry approach.statins are widely prescribed cholesterol-lowering medications and act through inhibition of the human enzyme 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase (hmg-r) which produces mevalonate (mval), a key substrate for cholesterol biosynthesis. some important microbial species also express an isoform of hmg-r; however, the nature of the interaction between statins and bacteria is currently unclear and studies would benefit from protocols to quantify mval in complex microbial environments. the objective o ...201626960292
transfer of antibiotic resistance from enterococcus faecium of fermented meat origin to listeria monocytogenes and listeria innocua.listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen that can cause infection in children, pregnant women, the immunocompromised and the elderly. antibiotic resistance in this species would represent a significant public health problem since the organism has a high fatality/case ratio and resistance may contribute to failure of therapeutic treatment. this study was designed to explore whether the in vitro transferability of antibiotic resistance from enterococci to listeria spp. could occur ...201626854329
purification and characterization of a bacteriocin from an oenological strain of leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris.malolactic fermentation (mlf), which improves organoleptic properties and biologic stability of some wines, may cause wine spoilage if uncontrolled. bacteriocins were reported as efficient preservatives to control mlf through their bactericidal effect on malolactic bacteria. leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris w3 isolated from wine produces an inhibitory substance that is bactericidal against malolactic bacteria in model wine medium. treatment of the culture supernatant of strain w3 with p ...201625837975
experience with rapid microarray-based diagnostic technology and antimicrobial stewardship for patients with gram-positive bacteremia.objective to describe the impact of rapid diagnostic microarray technology and antimicrobial stewardship for patients with gram-positive blood cultures. design retrospective pre-intervention/post-intervention study. setting a 1,200-bed academic medical center. patients inpatients with blood cultures positive for staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis, e. faecium, streptococcus pneumoniae, s. pyogenes, s. agalactiae, s. anginosus, streptococcus spp., and listeria monocytogenes during the 6 ...201627767002
development of pla films containing oregano essential oil (origanum vulgare l. virens) intended for use in food packaging.consumers' concerns about the environment and health have led to the development of new food packaging materials avoiding petroleum-based matrices and synthetic additives. the present study has developed polylactic acid (pla) films containing different concentrations of essential oil from origanum vulgare l. virens (oeo). the effectiveness of this new active packaging was checked for use in ready-to-eat salads. a plasticising effect was observed when oeo was incorporated in pla films. the rest o ...201627455176
antimicrobial and physicochemical characterization of biodegradable, nitric oxide-releasing nanocellulose-chitosan packaging membranes.biodegradable composite membranes with antimicrobial properties consisting of nanocellulose fibrils (cnfs), chitosan, and s-nitroso-n-acetyl-d-penicillamine (snap) were developed and tested for food packaging applications. as a nitric oxide donor, snap was encapsulated into completely dispersed chitosan in 100 ml of 0.1 n acetic acid and was thoroughly mixed with cnfs to produce a composite membrane. the fabricated membranes had a uniform dispersion of chitosan and snap within the cnfs, which wa ...201627258235
probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from human milk.the objective of this study was to identify and characterize lactic acid bacteria isolated from human milk, with an emphasis on their probiotic properties.201627159339
spatial organization of cell wall-anchored proteins at the surface of gram-positive bacteria.bacterial surface proteins constitute an amazing repertoire of molecules with important functions such as adherence, invasion, signalling and interaction with the host immune system or environment. in gram-positive bacteria, many surface proteins of the "lpxtg" family are anchored to the peptidoglycan (pg) by an enzyme named sortase. while this anchoring mechanism has been clearly deciphered, less is known about the spatial organization of cell wall-anchored proteins in the bacterial envelope. h ...201627025379
screening of the enterocin-encoding genes and antimicrobial activity in enterococcus species.in the current study, a total of 135 enterococci strains from different sources were screened for the presence of the enterocin-encoding genes enta, entp, entb, entl50a, and entl50b. the enterocin genes were present at different frequencies, with enta occurring the most frequently, followed by entp and entb; entl50a and l50b were not detected. the occurrence of single enterocin genes was higher than the occurrence of multiple enterocin gene combinations. the 80 isolates that harbor at least one ...201626907753
tigecycline resistance in clinical isolates of enterococcus faecium is mediated by an upregulation of plasmid-encoded tetracycline determinants tet(l) and tet(m).tigecycline represents one of the last-line therapeutics to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens, including vre and mrsa. the german national reference centre for staphylococci and enterococci has received 73 tigecycline-resistant enterococcus faecium and enterococcus faecalis isolates in recent years. the precise mechanism of how enterococci become resistant to tigecycline remains undetermined. this study documents an analysis of the role of efflux pumps in tigecycline resistance in c ...201626682961
a galectin related protein from oplegnathus fasciatus: genomic, molecular, transcriptional features and biological responses against microbial pathogens.galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding lectins, are pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and are subsequently involved in the opsonization, phagocytosis, complement activation, and killing of microbes. here, we report a novel galectin related protein (grp) identified from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus), designated ofgal like b. the cdna of ofgal like b is 517 bp with an open reading frame (orf) of 438 bp, encoding 145 amino acids, with a s ...201626615008
multicenter evaluation of biofire filmarray meningitis/encephalitis panel for detection of bacteria, viruses, and yeast in cerebrospinal fluid specimens.rapid diagnosis and treatment of infectious meningitis and encephalitis are critical to minimize morbidity and mortality. comprehensive testing of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) often includes gram stain, culture, antigen detection, and molecular methods, paired with chemical and cellular analyses. these methods may lack sensitivity or specificity, can take several days, and require significant volume for complete analysis. the filmarray meningitis/encephalitis (me) panel is a multiplexed in vitro di ...201627335149
identification of coxiella burnetii cd8+ t-cell epitopes and delivery by attenuated listeria monocytogenes as a vaccine vector in a c57bl/6 mouse model.coxiella burnetii is a gram-negative bacterium that causes acute and chronic q fever. because of the severe adverse effect of whole-cell vaccination, identification of immunodominant antigens of c. burnetii has become a major focus of q fever vaccine development. we hypothesized that secreted c. burnetii type iv secretion system (t4ss) effectors may represent a major class of cd8(+) t-cell antigens, owing to their cytosolic localization. twenty-nine peptides were identified that elicited robust ...201627703037
formicin - a novel broad-spectrum two-component lantibiotic produced by bacillus paralicheniformis apc 1576.bacteriocins represent a rather underutilized class of antimicrobials despite often displaying activity against many drug-resistant pathogens. lantibiotics are a post-translationally modified class of bacteriocins, characterized by the presence of lanthionine and methyllanthionine bridges. in this study, a novel two-peptide lantibiotic was isolated and characterized. formicin was isolated from bacillus paralicheniformis apc 1576, an antimicrobial-producing strain originally isolated from the int ...201627450592
an experimental platform using human intestinal epithelial cell lines to differentiate between hazardous and non-hazardous proteins.human intestinal epithelial cell lines (t84, caco-2, and hct-8) grown on permeable transwell™ filters serve as models of the gastrointestinal barrier. in this study, this in vitro model system was evaluated for effectiveness at distinguishing between hazardous and non-hazardous proteins. indicators of cytotoxicity (ldh release, mtt conversion), monolayer barrier integrity ([(3)h]-inulin flux, horseradish peroxidase flux, trans-epithelial electrical resistance [teer]), and inflammation (il-8, il- ...201627060235
contribution of selective conditions to microbial competition in four listeria selective enrichment formulations.microbial competition during selective enrichment negatively affects listeria monocytogenes populations and may hinder the subsequent detection or recovery of this organism. competition assays among 10 selected strains of listeria and citrobacter braakii were performed in buffered listeria enrichment broth, 3-(n-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid-buffered listeria enrichment broth, university of vermont medium-modified listeria enrichment broth, and fraser broth. the individual contributions of eac ...201628221922
maltaricin cpn, a new class iia bacteriocin produced by carnobacterium maltaromaticum cpn isolated from mould-ripened cheese.the purpose of this study was to isolate, characterize and determine the structure and the antibacterial activities of a bacteriocin produced by carnobacterium maltaromaticum cpn, a strain isolated from unpasteurized milk camembert cheese.201627489131
construction of antimicrobial peptide-drug combination networks from scientific literature based on a semi-automated curation workflow.considerable research efforts are being invested in the development of novel antimicrobial therapies effective against the growing number of multi-drug resistant pathogens. notably, the combination of different agents is increasingly explored as means to exploit and improve individual agent actions while minimizing microorganism resistance. although there are several databases on antimicrobial agents, scientific literature is the primary source of information on experimental antimicrobial combin ...201628025336
complete genome sequence of lactobacillus plantarum lz206, a potential probiotic strain with antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogenic microorganisms.lactobacilli strains have been considered as important candidates for manufacturing "natural food", due to their antimicrobial properties and generally regarded as safe (gras) status. lactobacillus plantarum lz206 is a potential probiotic strain isolated from raw cow milk, with antimicrobial activity against various pathogens, including gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus and listeria monocytogenes), gram-negtive bacteria (escherichia coli and salmonella enterica), and fungus candida a ...201627671696
development of new 5-(chromene-3-yl)methylene-2,4-thiazolidinediones as antimicrobial agents.in the context of the increasing phenomenon of microbial resistance to usual drugs, the development of new treatment strategies and new therapeutic protocols is a constant need. thiazolidinedione and chromone represent two important scaffolds in medicinal chemistry due to their large pharmacological applicability.201627004035
bioactive compounds contents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities during ripening of prunus persica l. varieties from the north west of tunisia.bioactive molecules from fruits of four varieties of prunus persica at different stages of ripening (green, small orange, red) were studied. for example, contents on polyphenols (20.36mg gae/g fw) and flavonoids (0.764mg re/g fw) were high and varied according variety. the antioxidant activity, using four different tests (dpph radical scavenging activity, reducing power, β carotene bleaching system and tbars assay) showed that the variety chatos exhibited the highest antioxidant activity compari ...201626988472
calcium ions tune the zinc-sequestering properties and antimicrobial activity of human s100a12.human s100a12 is a host-defense protein expressed and released by neutrophils that contributes to innate immunity. apo s100a12 is a 21-kda antiparallel homodimer that harbors two ca(ii)-binding ef-hand domains per subunit and exhibits two his3asp motifs for chelating transition metal ions at the homodimer interface. in this work, we present results from metal-binding studies and microbiology assays designed to ascertain whether ca(ii) ions modulate the zn(ii)-binding properties of s100a12 and fu ...201626913170
application of bacteriophages in post-harvest control of human pathogenic and food spoiling bacteria.bacteriophages have attracted great attention for application in food biopreservation. lytic bacteriophages specific for human pathogenic bacteria can be isolated from natural sources such as animal feces or industrial wastes where the target bacteria inhabit. lytic bacteriophages have been tested in different food systems for inactivation of main food-borne pathogens including listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica, shigella spp., campylobac ...201626042353
knowledge gaps in host-parasite interaction preclude accurate assessment of meat-borne exposure to toxoplasma gondii.toxoplasma gondii is recognized as a widely prevalent zoonotic parasite worldwide. although several studies clearly identified meat products as an important source of t. gondii infections in humans, quantitative understanding of the risk posed to humans through the food chain is surprisingly scant. while probabilistic risk assessments for pathogens such as campylobacter jejuni, listeria monocytogenes or escherichia coli have been well established, attempts to quantify the probability of human ex ...201628139250
decay rates of zoonotic pathogens and viral surrogates in soils amended with biosolids and manures and comparison of qpcr and culture derived rates.the purpose of this study was to establish inactivation decay constants of foodborne pathogens and coliphage in clay and sandy soils for future "downstream" analyses such as quantitative microbial risk analysis and to compare cultivation-dependent and -independent (e.g. qpcr) methods.201627585434
efficacy of neutral electrolyzed water, quaternary ammonium and lactic acid-based solutions in controlling microbial contamination of food cutting boards using a manual spraying technique.bactericidal activity of neutral electrolyzed water (new), quaternary ammonium (quat), and lactic acid-based solutions was investigated using a manual spraying technique against salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli o157:h7, campylobacter jejuni, listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus that were inoculated onto the surface of scarred polypropylene and wooden food cutting boards. antimicrobial activity was also examined when using cutting boards in preparation of raw chopped beef, chi ...201627027449
validation of a high-throughput immunobead array technique for multiplex detection of three foodborne pathogens in chicken products.this study rigorously evaluated a previously developed immunobead array method to simultaneously detect three important foodborne pathogens, campylobacter jejuni, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella spp., for its actual application in routine food testing. due to the limitation of the detection limit of the developed method, an enrichment step was included in this study by using campylobacter enrichment broth for c. jejuni and universal pre-enrichment broth for l. monocytogenes and salmonella ...201626950032
sensitive detection of campylobacter jejuni using nanoparticles enhanced qcm sensor.a quartz crystal microbalance (qcm) sensor platform was used to develop an immunosensor for the detection of food pathogen campylobacter jejuni. rabbit polyclonal antibodies and commercially available mouse monoclonal antibodies against c. jejuni were investigated to construct direct, sandwich and gold-nanoparticles (aunps) amplified sandwich assays. the performance of the qcm immunosensor developed using sandwich assay by utilising the rabbit polyclonal antibody as the capture antibody and conj ...201626649490
pathogen loading from canada geese faeces in freshwater: potential risks to human health through recreational water exposure.canada geese (branta canadensis) faeces have been shown to contain pathogenic protozoa and bacteria in numerous studies over the past 15 years. further, increases in both the canada geese populations and their ideal habitat requirements in the united states (us) translate to a greater presence of these human pathogens in public areas, such as recreational freshwater beaches. combining these factors, the potential health risk posed by canada geese faeces at freshwater beaches presents an emerging ...201626414207
purification of antilisterial peptide (subtilosin a) from novel bacillus tequilensis fr9 and demonstrate their pathogen invasion protection ability using human carcinoma cell line.this study focuses on isolation, screening, and characterization of novel probiotics from gastrointestinal tract of free-range chicken (gallus gallus domesticus). fifty seven colonies were isolated and three isolates (fr4, fr9, and fr12) were selected and identified as lactobacillus gasseri fr4, bacillus tequilensis fr9, and l. animalis fr12 by 16s rrna sequencing. three strains were able to survive in stimulated acidic and bile conditions and inhibit the growth of pathogens. especially, fr9 exh ...201627990138
zoonotic public health hazards in backyard chickens.backyard poultry has become increasingly popular in industrialized countries. in addition to keeping chickens for eggs and meat, owners often treat the birds as pets. however, several pathogenic enteric bacteria have the potential for zoonotic transmission from poultry to humans but very little is known about the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens in backyard flocks. the occurrence and the antimicrobial resistance of salmonella enterica, campylobacter spp., listeria monocytogenes and enteropathoge ...201626752227
eugenol in combination with lactic acid bacteria attenuates listeria monocytogenes virulence in vitro and in invertebrate model galleria mellonella.listeria monocytogenes is a human enteric pathogen that causes severe foodborne illness in high-risk populations. crossing the intestinal barrier is the first critical step for listeria monocytogenes infection. therefore, reducing l. monocytogenes colonization and invasion of intestinal epithelium and production of virulence factors could potentially control listeriosis in humans. this study investigated the efficacy of sub-inhibitory concentration (sic) of the plant-derived antimicrobial eugeno ...201627002648
comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of 19 essential oils.in our research on natural compounds efficient against human pathogen or opportunist microorganisms contracted by food or water, the antimicrobial activity of 19 essential oils (eos) was investigated against 11 bacterial species (6 gram positive, 5 gram negative) and 7 fungal species (2 dermatophytes, 1 mould, 4 yeasts) using microdilution assays. five essential oils were obtained from tunisian plants (eotun): artemisia herba-alba asso, juniperus phoenicea l., rosmarinus officinalis l., ruta gra ...201626566647
bacillus licheniformis contains two more perr-like proteins in addition to perr, fur, and zur orthologues.the ferric uptake regulator (fur) family proteins include sensors of fe (fur), zn (zur), and peroxide (perr). among fur family proteins, fur and zur are ubiquitous in most prokaryotic organisms, whereas perr exists mainly in gram positive bacteria as a functional homologue of oxyr. gram positive bacteria such as bacillus subtilis, listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus encode three fur family proteins: fur, zur, and perr. in this study, we identified five fur family proteins from b. li ...201627176811
purification and characterization of a novel anti-campylobacter bacteriocin produced by lactobacillus curvatus dn317.the lactic acid bacteria (lab) microbiota of saudi chicken ceca was determined. from 60 samples, 204 isolates of lactic acid bacteria were obtained. three isolates produced antimicrobial activities against campylobacter jejuni, listeria monocytogenes, and bacillus subtilis. the isolate dn317, which had the highest activity against campylobacter jejuni atcc 33560, was identified as lactobacillus curvatus (genbank accession numbers: kx353849 and kx353850). full inhibitory activity was observed aft ...201627812926
f-type bacteriocins of listeria monocytogenes: a new class of phage tail-like structures reveals broad parallel coevolution between tailed bacteriophages and high-molecular-weight bacteriocins.listeria monocytogenes is a significant foodborne human pathogen that can cause severe disease in certain high-risk individuals. l. monocytogenes is known to produce high-molecular-weight, phage tail-like bacteriocins, or "monocins," upon induction of the sos system. in this work, we purified and characterized monocins and found them to be a new class of f-type bacteriocins. the l. monocytogenes monocin genetic locus was cloned and expressed in bacillus subtilis, producing specifically targeted ...201627457717
subunit arrangement in gpsb, a regulator of cell wall biosynthesis.gpsb, a key regulator of cell division in gram-positive bacteria, interacts with a key peptidoglycan synthase at the cell division septum, the penicillin binding protein pbp1 (a.k.a. pona). bacillus subtilis gpsb has been reported to interact with other components of the cell division machinery, including ezra, mrec, and prkc. in this study, we report an analysis of the arrangement of subunits in listeria monocytogenes gpsb by small-angle x-ray scattering. the resulting model has an elongated sh ...201627257764
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