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biological control of meloidogyne hapla using an antagonistic bacterium.we examined the efficacy of a bacterium for biocontrol of the root-knot nematode (rkn) meloidogyne hapla in carrot (daucus carota subsp. sativus) and tomato (solanum lycopersicum). among 542 bacterial isolates from various soils and plants, the highest nematode mortality was observed for treatments with isolate c1-7, which was identified as bacillus cereus based on cultural and morphological characteristics, the biolog program, and 16s rrna sequencing analyses. the population density and the nem ...201425289015
purification and characterization of a mucin specific mycelial lectin from aspergillus gorakhpurensis: application for mitogenic and antimicrobial activity.lectins are carbohydrate binding proteins or glycoproteins that bind reversibly to specific carbohydrates present on the apposing cells, which are responsible for their ability to agglutinate red blood cells, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, etc. interest in lectins has been intensified due to their carbohydrate specificity as they can be valuable reagents for the investigation of cell surface sugars, purification and characterization of glycoproteins. the present study reports the purification, charac ...201425286160
thiolation-enhanced substrate recognition by d-alanyl carrier protein ligase dlta from bacillus cereus.d-alanylation of the lipoteichoic acid on gram-positive cell wall is dependent on dlt gene-encoded proteins dlta, dltb, dltc and dltd. the d-alanyl carrier protein ligase dlta, as a remote homolog of acyl-(coenzyme a) (coa) synthetase, cycles through two active conformations for the catalysis of adenylation and subsequent thiolation of d-alanine (d-ala). the crystal structure of dlta in the absence of any substrate was observed to have a noticeably more disordered pocket for atp which would expl ...201425285205
[bacillus cereus septicemia and necrotizing fasciitis in a patient with liver cirrhosis: a case report].a 54-year-old woman with hematemesis was referred to our hospital. she had a history of liver cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus. after inserting a sengstaken-blakemore tube, we performed endoscopic variceal ligation for ruptured esophageal varices. on the third day of admission, she developed septicemia and necrotizing fasciitis caused by bacillus cereus. she was successfully treated with early debridement of both lower extremities and intravenous treatment with vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and clin ...201425283231
antioxidant and antibacterial activities of exopolysaccharides from bifidobacterium bifidum wbin03 and lactobacillus plantarum r315.the objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of exopolysaccharide (eps) from bifidobacterium bifidum wbin03 (b-eps) and lactobacillus plantarum r315 (l-eps). the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph)-radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical-scavenging, and superoxide radical-scavenging abilities were measured to evaluate antioxidant activity. inhibition of erythrocyte hemolysis and lipid peroxidation was also measured. both b-eps and l-eps had strong sca ...201425282420
prevalence and characterization of foodborne pathogens from australian dairy farm environments.the ability of foodborne pathogens to gain entry into food supply systems remains an ongoing concern. in dairy products, raw milk acts as a major vehicle for this transfer; however, the sources of pathogenic bacteria that contaminate raw milk are often not clear, and environmental sources of contamination or the animals themselves may contribute to the transfer. this survey examined the occurrence of 9 foodborne pathogens in raw milk and environments of 7 dairy farms (3 bovine, 3 caprine, and 1 ...201425282417
genomic comparison of 93 bacillus phages reveals 12 clusters, 14 singletons and remarkable diversity.the bacillus genus of firmicutes bacteria is ubiquitous in nature and includes one of the best characterized model organisms, b. subtilis, as well as medically significant human pathogens, the most notorious being b. anthracis and b. cereus. as the most abundant living entities on the planet, bacteriophages are known to heavily influence the ecology and evolution of their hosts, including providing virulence factors. thus, the identification and analysis of bacillus phages is critical to underst ...201425280881
bacillus subtilis hj18-4 from traditional fermented soybean food inhibits bacillus cereus growth and toxin-related genes.bacillus subtilis hj18-4 isolated from buckwheat sokseongjang, a traditional korean fermented soybean food, exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens, including bacillus cereus. in this study, we investigated the antibacterial efficacy and regulation of toxin gene expression in b. cereus by b. subtilis hj18-4. expression of b. cereus toxin-related genes (groel, nhea, nhec, and entfm) was downregulated by b. subtilis hj18-4, which also exhibited strong antibacteri ...201425359543
divergence of protein-coding capacity and regulation in the bacillus cereus sensu lato group.the bacillus cereus sensu lato group contains ubiquitous facultative anaerobic soil-borne gram-positive spore-forming bacilli. molecular phylogeny and comparative genome sequencing have suggested that these organisms should be classified as a single species. while clonal in nature, there do not appear to be species-specific clonal lineages, excepting b. anthracis, in spite of the wide array of phenotypes displayed by these organisms.201425350501
synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of biodegradable films prepared from schiff bases of zein.pure zein is known to be very hydrophobic, but is still inappropriate for coating and film applications because of their brittle nature. in an attempt to improve the flexibility and the antimicrobial activity of these coatings and films, chemical modification of zein through forming schiff bases with different phenolic aldhydes was tried. influence of this modifications on mechanical, topographical, wetting properties and antimicrobial activity of zein films were evaluated. the chemical structur ...201425328181
kawasaki disease-specific molecules in the sera are linked to microbe-associated molecular patterns in the biofilms.kawasaki disease (kd) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. the innate immune system is involved in its pathophysiology at the acute phase. we have recently established a novel murine model of kd coronary arteritis by oral administration of a synthetic microbe-associated molecular pattern (mamp). on the hypothesis that specific mamps exist in kd sera, we have searched them to identify kd-specific molecules and to assess the pathogenesis.201425411968
comparison of 3 selective media for enumeration of bacillus cereus in several food matrixes.in this study, we compared the inclusivity, exclusivity, recoverability, and selectivity of the 3 selective agars (mannitol yolk polymyxin b agar [mypa], polymyxin pyruvate egg yolk mannitol bromothymol blue agar [pemba], and brillance bacillus cereus agar [bbc agar]) for bacillus cereus (b. cereus) from pure culture and several food samples. bbc agar showed greater exclusivity and selectivity in pure culture and in foods with high background flora, respectively; however, all the tested media sh ...201425399752
infrared decontamination of oregano: effects on bacillus cereus spores, water activity, color, and volatile compounds.infrared (ir) heating, a novel technology for decontaminating oregano, was evaluated by investigating the reduction of inoculated bacillus cereus spores and the effect on water activity (a(w)), color, and headspace volatile compounds after exposure to ir treatment. conditioned oregano (a(w) 0.88) was ir-treated in a closed heating unit at 90 and 100 °c for holding times of 2 and 10 min, respectively. the most successful reduction in b. cereus spore numbers (5.6 log units) was achieved after a ho ...201425393824
evaluation of antibacterial and anthelmintic activities with total phenolic contents of piper betel leaves.the study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial and anthelmintic activities and to determine total phenolic contents of methanolic extract of piper betel leaves.201425386394
phospholipase c from pseudomonas aeruginosa and bacillus cereus; characterization of catalytic activity.to study characteristics of phospholipases c (plcs), their importance for producing microorganisms as well as the potential of their use for industrial purposes.201425441984
[purification of recombinant bacillus cereus resd-rese proteins expressed in escherichia coli strains].recombinant e. coli strains expressing the bacillus cereus atcc 14579t resd and resegenes fused with the ubiquitin gene were constructed, and purification of the resd and rese proteins was performed. the approach used in the study allowed us to increase the protein yield of the electrophoretic homogeneous resd andrese proteins without denaturation steps up to 150 mg per gram of wet cell weight.201425434178
draft genome sequence of new bacillus cereus strain tsu1.this paper reports the draft genome sequence of new bacillus cereus strain tsu1, isolated on an agar-cellulose plate. the draft genome sequence is 5.81 mb, revealing 5,673 coding sequences. it contains genes for cellulose-degradation and biosynthesis pathways of polyhydroxybutyrate (phb) and 8 rrna genes (5s, 16s, and 23s).201425523768
quantitative analysis of cereulide toxin from bacillus cereus in rice and pasta using synthetic cereulide standard and 13c6-cereulide standard - a short validation study.a single laboratory validation study of a rapid and sensitive quantitative method for the analysis of cereulide toxin produced by bacillus cereus using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry is presented. the analysis of this cyclic peptide toxin was validated for pasta and rice samples using a newly presented synthetic cereulide peptide standard, together with 13c6-cereulide that previously have not been commercially available. the use of cereulide st ...201425514093
[electron microscopy of the surfaces of bacillary spores].the surface structures of the spores of bacillus. cereus, b. thuringiensis, and brevibacillus laterosporus were studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. platinum deposition and negative staining with uranyl acetate revealed appendages and exosporium in b. thuringiensis and b. cereus. the exosporium structure was visualized by negative staining and ultrathin sectioning. for staining the exosporium polysaccharide, alcian blue was used during fixation. the results obtained show the ...201425509408
[purification of recombinant bacillus cereus resd-rese proteins expressed in escherichia coli strains].recombinant e. coli strains expressing the bacillus cereus atcc 14579t resd and resegenes fused with the ubiquitin gene were constructed, and purification of the resd and rese proteins was performed. the approach used in the study allowed us to increase the protein yield of the electrophoretic homogeneous resd andrese proteins without denaturation steps up to 150 mg per gram of wet cell weight.201425507776
regulation of cry gene expression in bacillus thuringiensis.bacillus thuringiensis differs from the closely related bacillus cereus group species by its ability to produce crystalline inclusions. the production of these crystals mainly results from the expression of the cry genes, from the stability of their transcripts and from the synthesis, accumulation and crystallization of large amounts of insecticidal cry proteins. this process normally coincides with sporulation and is regulated by various factors operating at the transcriptional, post-transcript ...201425055802
inactivation of bacteria via photosensitization of vitamin k3 by uv-a light.this study investigated inactivation of bacteria with ultraviolet light a irradiation in combination with vitamin k3 as a photosensitizer. six bacteria including bacillus cereus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, klebsiella pneumoniae, and escherichia coli suspended in vitamin k3 aqueous solution were exposed to ultraviolet light a. five of six bacteria, with the exception of pseudomonas aeruginosa, were reduced by eight logs with 1600 μm of vitamin k3 an ...201425053393
survival of foodborne pathogenic bacteria (bacillus cereus, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, staphylococcus aureus, and listeria monocytogenes) and bacillus cereus spores in fermented alcoholic beverages (beer and refined rice wine).only limited information is available on the microbiological safety of fermented alcoholic beverages because it is still a common belief that such beverages do not provide a favorable environment for bacterial growth and survival. thus, in this study, we examined the survival of major foodborne pathogens and spores in fermented alcoholic beverages. foodborne pathogens (bacillus cereus, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and staphylococcus a ...201424674433
effect of lead on growth, protein and biosorption capacity of bacillus cereus isolated from industrial effluent.a bacterial strain (bacillus cereus) with the ability to grow under conditions of high concentrations of lead was isolated from the industrial effluent collected from peenya industrial area, bangalore. the effect of lead on growth, protein content and lead biosorption capacity of bacillus cereus was investigated. the results revealed that with increase in lead concentration (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg i(-1)) there was a decrease in growth, protein content (10.6, 8.2, 6.7, 3.8 and 1.9 mg g(-1) ...201424665770
bioaccumulation characterization of cadmium by growing bacillus cereus rc-1 and its mechanism.in an effort to explore the protective mechanism of growing bacillus cereus rc-1 against the toxicity of different cd(ii) concentrations, bacterial growth, cadmium consumption, surface interactions and intra- and extra-cellular cd(ii) contents were examined. cellular morphology and growth were evidently affected by the initial metal concentrations above 20 mg l(-1), according to the analysis of sem, afm, tem and uv spectrophotometer. surface complexation and electrostatic attraction played an im ...201424560281
antimicrobial activity of acid-hydrolyzed citrus unshiu peel extract in milk.citrus fruit (citrus unshiu) peels were extracted with hot water and then acid-hydrolyzed using hydrochloric acid. antimicrobial activities of acid-hydrolyzed citrus unshiu peel extract were evaluated against pathogenic bacteria, including bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, and listeria monocytogenes. antilisterial effect was also determined by adding extracts at 1, 2, and 4% to whole, low-fat, and skim milk. the cell numbers of b. cereus, staph. aureus, and l. monocytogenes cultures treate ...201424534507
colloidal polyaniline dispersions: antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity and neutrophil oxidative burst.polyaniline colloids rank among promising application forms of this conducting polymer. cytotoxicity, antibacterial activity, and neutrophil oxidative burst tests were performed on cells treated with colloidal polyaniline dispersions. the antibacterial effect of colloidal polyaniline against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was most pronounced for bacillus cereus and escherichia coli, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 3,500 μg ml(-1). the data recorded on human keratinocyte (hac ...201424534430
cerecidins, novel lantibiotics from bacillus cereus with potent antimicrobial activity.lantibiotics are ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified antimicrobial peptides that are widely produced by gram-positive bacteria, including many species of the bacillus group. in the present study, one novel gene cluster coding lantibiotic cerecidins was unveiled in bacillus cereus strain as 1.1846 through genomic mining and pcr screening. the designated cer locus is different from that of conventional class ii lantibiotics in that it included seven tandem precursor cera genes ...201424532070
the caskr two-component system is required for the growth of mesophilic and psychrotolerant bacillus cereus strains at low temperatures.the different strains of bacillus cereus can grow at temperatures covering a very diverse range. some b. cereus strains can grow in chilled food and consequently cause food poisoning. we have identified a new sensor/regulator mechanism involved in low-temperature b. cereus growth. construction of a mutant of this two-component system enabled us to show that this system, called caskr, is required for growth at the minimal temperature (tmin). caskr was also involved in optimal cold growth above tm ...201424509924
antimicrobial and physical-mechanical properties of agar-based films incorporated with grapefruit seed extract.the use of synthetic petroleum based packaging films caused serious environmental problems due to their difficulty in recycling and poor biodegradability. therefore, present study was aimed to develop natural biopolymer-based antimicrobial packaging films as an alternative for the synthetic packaging films. as a natural antimicrobial agent, grapefruit seed extract (gse) has been incorporated into agar to prepare antimicrobial packaging film. the films with different concentrations of gse were pr ...201424507339
influence of probiotic bacterium bacillus cereus isolated from the gut of wild shrimp penaeus monodon in turn as a potent growth promoter and immune enhancer in p. monodon.a probiotic bacterium isolated from the gut of wild shrimp penaeus monodon rendered maximum antagonistic activity against shrimp pathogens and was capable of producing extracellular enzymes. the probiotic bacterium was identified as bacillus cereus through 16s rrna sequencing. the lyophilized b. cereus was supplemented with shrimp basal diet at four different concentrations (0.1–0.4%/100 g feed) in d1–d4 diets. the viability of probiotic bacterium in the test diets was evaluated during the study ...201424516873
genome sequence of bacillus cereus strain lct-bc235, carried by the shenzhou viii spacecraft.in order to explore the effect of space environments on bacillus cereus, we determined the draft genome sequence of a b. cereus strain, lct-bc235, which was isolated after space flight.201424407625
effect of temperatures on the growth, toxin production, and heat resistance of bacillus cereus in cooked rice.bacillus cereus is capable of producing enterotoxin and emetic toxin, and bacillus foodborne illnesses occur due to the consumption of food contaminated with endospores. the objectives of this study were to investigate the growth and toxin production of b. cereus in cooked rice and to determine the effect of temperature on toxin destruction. cooked rice inoculated with b. cereus was stored at 15, 25, 35, and 45°c or treated at 80, 90, and 100°c. the results indicated that emetic toxin was produc ...201424404779
trifolium pratense l. as a potential natural antioxidant.the essential oils of three different growth stages of trifolium pratense l. (tp1, tp2 and tp3) were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and tested for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. the highest content of volatile compounds was found in the essential oil sample tp1, where terpenes such as β-myrcene (4.55%), p-cymene (3.59%), limonene (0.86%), tetrahydroionone (1.56%) were highlighted due to their biological activity. the antioxidant activity was determined by f ...201424402202
antimicrobial activity of traditional medicinal plants from ankober district, north shewa zone, amhara region, ethiopia.traditional medicinal plants have long been used in ethiopia to treat human and livestock ailments. despite a well-documented rich tradition of medicinal plant use in the country, their direct antimicrobial effects are still poorly known.201424392738
dechlorination of chloroorganics, decolorization, and simultaneous bioremediation of cr6+ from real tannery effluent employing indigenous bacillus cereus isolate.a native bacillus cereus isolate has been employed, for the first time, for simultaneous decolorization, dechlorination of chloroorganics, and cr(6+) remediation from the real tannery effluent. most of the physicochemical variables in 3:1 diluted effluent were well above the standard prescribed limits, which decreased substantially upon microbial treatment. the extent of bioremediation was better in diluted (3:1) as compared to undiluted effluent supplemented with nutrients and augmented with b. ...201424390198
draft genome sequence of bacillus cereus lct-bc25, isolated from space flight.bacillus cereus strain lct-bc25, which was carried by the shenzhou viii spacecraft, traveled in space for about 398 h. to investigate the response of b. cereus to space environments, we determined the genome sequence of b. cereus strain lct-bc25, which was isolated after space flight.201424385570
in-vitro anticancer and antimicrobial activities of plga/silver nanofiber composites prepared by electrospinning.in the present work, a series of 0, 1 and 7 wt% silver nano-particles (ag nps) incorporated poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (plga) nano-fibers were synthesized by the electrospinning process. the plga/ag nano-fibers sheets were characterized using sem, tem and dsc analyses. the three synthesized plga/silver nano-fiber composites were screened for anticancer activity against liver cancer cell line using mtt and ldh assays. the anticancer activity of plga nano-fibers showed a remarkable improvement d ...201424375170
spore germination mediated by bacillus megaterium qm b1551 slel and ypeb.previous work demonstrated that bacillus megaterium qm b1551 spores that are null for the sleb and cwlj genes, which encode cortex-lytic enzymes (cles), either of which is required for efficient cortex hydrolysis in bacillus spores, could germinate efficiently when complemented with a plasmid-borne copy of ypeb plus the nonlytic portion of sleb encoding the n-terminal domain of sleb (sleb(n)). the current study demonstrates that the defective germination phenotype of b. megaterium sleb cwlj spor ...201424375103
antimicrobial effectiveness of silicone oil, heavy silicone oil and perfluorodecaline against bacillus cereus.the purpose of this work is to study the effectiveness of silicone oil, heavy silicone oil and perfluorodecaline against bacillus cereus. for this we tested the antimicrobial activities of three intraocularly used liquids--silicone oil (siluron 1000), heavy silicone oil (densiron-68) and perfluorodecaline (f-decalin)--against b. cereus (nctc 9946). the antimicrobial effects of silicone oil, heavy silicone oil and perfluorodecaline were determined by the growing capability of the microorganism. w ...201424375026
impact of ag and al₂o₃ nanoparticles on soil organisms: in vitro and soil experiments.in vitro analyses were conducted to assess the impact of al2o3 and ag nanoparticles on two common soil bacteria, bacillus cereus and pseudomonas stutzeri. al2o3 nanoparticles did not show significant toxicity at any dose or time assayed, whereas exposure to 5 mg l(-1) ag nanoparticles for 48 h caused bactericidal effects. moreover, alterations at the morphological level were observed by transmission electron microscopy (tem); ag but not al2o3 nanoparticles evoked the entrance of b. cereus cells ...201424374587
haplophytin b from maclurodendron porteri.an alkaloid from maclurodendron porteri has been isolated and characterized. extraction process was conducted by acid-base extraction method followed by column chromatography. the structure was established by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. the compound was identified as haplophytin b which occurs commonly in the rutaceae family. however, this is the first time this alkaloid was isolated and reported from the species. the compound showed no inhibition against staph ...201424374446
antibacterial activity of different natural honeys from transylvania, romania.honey is used in food industry and medicine due to its nutritive, therapeutic and dietetic qualities. the microbiological characteristics of 10 unpasteurized honey samples of known origin, collected from transylvania beekeepers (romania) were determined. the antibacterial activity of these types of honey against escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, salmonella enteritidis, salmonella anatum, salmonella choleraesuis, bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis subsp. spizize ...201424380618
identification of multidrug-resistant bacteria and bacillus cereus from healthcare workers and environmental surfaces in a hospital. 201428156280
simultaneous detection of listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, bacillus cereus, salmonella spp., and staphylococcus aureus in low-fatted milk by multiplex pcr.a rapid and specific pcr assay for the simultaneous detection of listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, bacillus cereus, salmonella spp., and staphylococcus aureus in foods was developed to reduce the detection time and to increase sensitivity. multiplex pcr developed in this study produced only acta, flic, hbl, inva, iles amplicons, but did not produce any non-specific amplicon. the primer sets successfully amplified the target genes in the multiplex pcr without any non-specific or a ...201426761507
genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance in gram positive bacteria from organic foods.bacterial biocide resistance is becoming a matter of concern. in the present study, a collection of biocide-resistant, gram-positive bacteria from organic foods (including 11 isolates from genus bacillus, 25 from enterococcus and 10 from staphylococcus) were analyzed for genes associated to biocide resistance efflux pumps and antibiotic resistance. the only qac-genes detected were qaca/b (one bacillus cereus isolate) and smr (one b. cereus and two staphylococcus saprophyticus isolates). efflux p ...201424361832
new thiophene-1,2,4-triazole-5(3)-ones: highly bioactive thiosemicarbazides, structures of schiff bases and triazole-thiols.key compound 2-(4-amino-5-oxo-3-(thiophene-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-tiazole-1-yl) acetohydrazide (3) was synthesized by reacting hydrazine hydrate with ethyl-2-(4-amino-5-oxo-3-(thiophene-2-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-tiazole-1yl)acetate (2), obtained in basic media from 4-amino-5-(thiophene-2-ylmethyl)-2h-1,2,4-triazole-3(4h)-one (1). compound 3 was converted to thiosemicarbazide derivatives (4a-d) and schiff base derivatives 6a-e and 7a-e. the treatment of compound 4 with naoh gave 4-amin ...201425063946
impact of a probiotic bacillus cereus strain on the jejunal epithelial barrier and on the nkg2d expressing immune cells during the weaning phase of piglets.in a feeding experiment, the probiotic bacillus cereus var. toyoi was fed to sows and piglets in order to test whether it influences the stress response of enterocytes, thereby causing intestinal immune activation, possibly accompanied by an impairment of the epithelial integrity. the impact of b. cereus on the piglets' intestinal enterocytes (ec) and on the communicating intraepithelial lymphocytes (iel) was investigated during the weaning phase where significant immunological changes might be ...201425063224
purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of glycosyltransferase-1 from bacillus cereus.glycosyltransferases (gts), which are distributed widely in various organisms, including bacteria, fungi, plants and animals, play a role in synthesizing biological compounds. glycosyltransferase-1 from bacillus cereus (bcgt-1), which is capable of transferring glucose to small molecules such as kaempferol and quercetin, has been identified as a member of the family 1 glycosyltransferases which utilize uridine diphosphate glucose (udp-glucose) as the sugar donor. bcgt-1 (molecular mass 45.5 kda) ...201425195897
[effects of inoculating plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on the biological characteristics of walnut (juglans regia) rhizosphere soil under drought condition].effects of four plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) , namely pseudomonas sp. yt3, bacillus subtilis dz1, b. cereus l90 and b. fusiformis l13 on the biological characteristics of walnut (juglans regia) rhizosphere soil under drought stress were investigated. results showed that drought stress had little effect on available nutrients of walnut rhizosphere soil, but significantly decreased the activity of organic carbon by 18.4% and increased the ph from 7.34 to 7.79. under drought stress c ...201425129951
volatile constituents of dianthus rupicola biv. from sicily: activity against microorganisms affecting cellulosic objects.dianthus rupicola biv. (cliffs carnation) is a camephytic, suffruticous, perennial plant growing up to 40 cm high. the plant is widespread in sicily and neighbouring islands (egadi, lampedusa, lipari) and in some areas of southern italy. gc and gc-ms analyses of the essential oil distilled from the flowers showed the presence of 66 components. its composition is characterised by the high content of thymol and carvacrol derivatives. a good antibacterial activity against bacillus cereus and bacill ...201425115728
modular genetic architecture of the toxigenic plasmid pis56-63 harboring cry1ab21 in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis strain is5056.bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis is5056, a strain highly toxic to trichoplusia ni larvae, produces the newly described cry1ab21 delta-endotoxin encoded by a gene located in the 63.8 kb pis56-63 plasmid. in this report we present the structure and functional similarity of this plasmid to other b. thuringiensis large toxigenic plasmids with particular interest focused on its modular architecture. the 61 open reading frames (orfs) of the plasmid made four functional modules: (i) m1-mic, ...201425115108
comparison of identification systems for psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from raw bovine milk.psychrotrophic bacteria in raw milk produce heat-resistant extracellular proteases, resulting in spoilage and shelf-life reduction of ultrahigh temperature treated milk and milk products. controlling of these spoilage microbes requires rapid and reliable identification systems for screening of raw milk. this study aimed to compare commercial bacterial identification systems with a genetic method (considered as the 'gold standard' method) for the identification of heat-resistant protease producin ...201425113043
antibacterial tetraoxygenated xanthones from the immature fruits of garcinia cowa.a phytochemical investigation of the acetone extract from the immature fruits of garcinia cowa led to the isolation of two novel tetraoxygenated xanthones, garcicowanones a (1) and b (2), together with eight known tetraoxygeanted xanthones. their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis. all isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against bacillus cereus tistr 688, bacillus subtilis tistr 008, micrococcus luteus tistr 884, staphylococcus aureus tistr 1466, ...201425110196
green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using delphinium denudatum root extract exhibits antibacterial and mosquito larvicidal activities.green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) using aqueous root extract of delphinium denudatum (dd) by reduction of ag(+) ions from silver nitrate solution has been investigated. the synthesized ddagnps were characterized by using uv-vis spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (xrd), field emission scanning electron microscope (fesem) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir). the prepared ddagnps showed maximum absorbance at 416nm and particles were polydispersed in nature, spherical in sh ...201424632157
a fullerene colloidal suspension stimulates the growth and denitrification ability of wastewater treatment sludge-derived bacteria.fullerene (c60) is a nanoparticle that has been widely studied and applied in numerous commodities. however, there are concerns regarding its potential negative impact on the environment. a fullerene colloidal suspension (nc60) is known for its property of selectively inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. in this study, using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting technology, we found that fullerene altered the structure of a sludge-derived microbial community. specifically, t ...201424630252
diversity of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of cereulide-producing isolates of bacillus cereus and bacillus weihenstephanensis.bacillus cereus is an important foodborne pathogen causing diarrhoea, emesis and in, rare cases, lethal poisonings. the emetic syndrome is caused by cereulide, a heat-stable toxin. originally considered as a rather homogenous group, the emetic strains have since been shown to display some diversity, including the existence of two clusters of mesophilic b. cereus and psychrotolerant b. weihenstephanensis. using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) analysis, this research aimed to better unders ...201424627989
association between neutropenia and brain abscess due to bacillus cereus bacteremia in patients with hematological malignancies. 201424625329
comparative proteomic analysis of experimental evolution of the bacillus cereus-ketogulonicigenium vulgare co-culture.the microbial co-culture system composing of ketogulonicigenium vulgare and bacillus cereus was widely adopted in industry for the production of 2-keto-gulonic acid (2-kga), the precursor of vitamin c. we found serial subcultivation of the co-culture could enhance the yield of 2-kga by 16% in comparison to that of the ancestral co-culture. to elucidate the evolutionary dynamics and interaction mechanisms of the two microbes, we performed itraq-based quantitative proteomic analyses of the pure cu ...201424619085
isolation and characterization of chitinase-producing bacillus and paenibacillus strains from salted and fermented shrimp, acetes japonicus.chitinases catalyze the conversion of chitin and are produced by a wide range of bacteria. the biological applications of these enzymes have been exploited in food and pharmaceutical industries. we isolated 2 halophilic chitinase-producing novel strains of bacteria-sch-1 and sch-2 from saeu-jeot, a traditional korean salted and fermented food made with shrimp (acetes japonicus). the isolated strains- sch-1 and sch-2 were gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming facultative anaerobes, with st ...201424611959
quantification of the impact of single and multiple mild stresses on outgrowth heterogeneity of bacillus cereus spores.outgrowth heterogeneity of bacterial spore populations complicates both prediction and efficient control of spore outgrowth. in this study, the impact of mild preservation stresses on outgrowth of bacillus cereus atcc 14579 spores was quantified during the first stages of outgrowth. heterogeneity in outgrowth of heat-treated (90°c for 10 min) and non-heat-treated germinated single spores to the maximum micro-colony stage of 256 cells was assessed by direct imaging on anopore strips, placed on bh ...201424607860
crystal and solution structure analysis of fhud2 from staphylococcus aureus in multiple unliganded conformations and bound to ferrioxamine-b.iron acquisition is a central process for virtually all organisms. in staphylococcus aureus, fhud2 is a lipoprotein that is a high-affinity receptor for iron-bound hydroxamate siderophores. in this study, fhud2 was crystallized bound to ferrioxamine-b (fxb), and also in its ligand-free state; the latter structures are the first for hydroxamate-binding receptors within this protein family. the structure of the fhud2-fxb conformation shows that residues w197 and r199 from the c-terminal domain don ...201424606332
de-hairing protease production by an isolated bacillus cereus strain at under solid-state fermentation using cow dung: biosynthesis and properties.agro-industrial residues and cow dung were used as the substrate for the production of alkaline protease by bacillus cereus strain at. the bacterial strain bacillus cereus strain at produced a high level of protease using cow dung substrate (4813 ± 62 u g(-1)). physiological fermentation factors such as the incubation time (72 h), the ph (9), the moisture content (120%), and the inoculum level (6%) played a vital role in the enzyme bioprocess. the enzyme production improved with the supplementat ...201424596497
characterization and genome analysis of the bacillus cereus-infecting bacteriophages bps10c and bps13.due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, bacteriophages are considered to be an alternative approach for the control of pathogens. in this study, the bacteriophages bps10c and bps13 were isolated and characterized to investigate their ability to control food-borne pathogenic bacillus cereus. phage bps13 exhibited slightly higher host lysis activity compared with phage bps10c. in addition, phage bps13 exhibited greater stability under various ph and temperature conditions. to extend ...201424595561
soy whey based medium for optimized phytase activity in saccharomyces cerevisiae mtcc 5421 and α-d-galactosidase and antibacterial activities in lactobacillus plantarum mtcc 5422 by response surface methodology.soy whey based growth medium for yeast enabled the native isolate of saccharomyces cerevisiae mtcc 5421 to produce 198 u/ml of phytase activity against that of 135 u/ml in potato dextrose broth. in the same medium for lactic acid bacteria, the isolate of lactobacillus plantarum mtcc 5422 was able to elaborate α-d-galactosidase activity of 10.6 u/ml in comparison to 6 u/ml in lactobacillus mrs broth. using this formulated medium, a central composite experimental design based on 5 variables of 3 f ...201424587527
seasonal trend and clinical presentation of bacillus cereus bloodstream infection: association with summer and indwelling catheter.bacillus cereus, an opportunistic pathogen, can cause fatal infection. however, b. cereus bloodstream infections (bsis) have not been well characterised. from 2008 to 2013, b. cereus isolates from all of the specimens and patients with b. cereus bsis were identified. environmental samples were collected to detect b. cereus contamination. we also characterised the clinical presentation of b. cereus bsi through analyses of risk factors for bsi and mortality. a total of 217 clinical b. cereus isola ...201424584718
efficacy of commercial natural antimicrobials alone and in combinations against pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms.microbial control strategies are needed in the food industry to prevent foodborne illnesses and outbreaks and prolong product shelf life. the aim of this study was to investigate and compare the efficacy of the commercial natural antimicrobials white mustard essential oil (wmeo), citrus flavonoid and acid blend (cfab), olive extract (oe), nisaplin (a compound containing nisin), and lauric arginate (lae) alone and in combinations against foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms. mics of in ...201424490921
global overview of the risk linked to the bacillus cereus group in the egg product industry: identification of food safety and food spoilage markers.to evaluate the food safety and spoilage risks associated with psychrotrophic bacillus cereus group bacteria for the egg product industry and to search for relevant risk markers.201424484429
expression, purification, and solubility optimization of peptidyl-trna hydrolase 1 from bacillus cereus.peptidyl-trna hydrolase 1 cleaves the ester bond of peptidyl-trna thereby recycling peptidyl-trnas generated from premature termination of translation and expression of minigenes and short orfs. bacterial pth1 is essential, highly conserved, and has no essential eukaryotic homolog making it a good target for antibacterial development. herein we describe the cloning of pth1 gene from bacillus cereus as an n-terminal hexahistidine fusion protein. solubility was optimized for overexpression in esch ...201424480186
spectroscopy and solvatochromism studies along with antioxidant and antibacterial activities investigation of azo-azomethine compounds 2-(2-hydroxyphenylimino)methyl)-4-phenyldiazenyl)phenol.the azo-azomethine compounds 2-(2-hydroxyphenylimino)methyl)-4-phenyldiazenyl)phenol (2a-d) were prepared from the reaction of 2-aminophenol with 2-hydroxy-5-(aryldiazenyl)benzaldehyde (1a-d). the structures of all compounds were then characterized by elemental analysis, mass, infrared, uv-vis, (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy. the electronic absorption spectra indicated enol-keto tautomeric and positive solvatochromism in compounds (2a-d), which is dependent on the substitution, nature of solven ...201424480116
genome sequences of three novel bacillus cereus bacteriophages.the bacillus cereus group is an assemblage of highly related firmicute bacteria that cause a variety of diseases in animals, including insects and humans. we announce three high-quality, complete genome sequences of bacteriophages we isolated from soil samples taken at the bases of fruit trees in utah county, utah. while two of the phages (shanette and jl) are highly related myoviruses, the bacteriophage basilisk is a siphovirus.201424459255
nisin a extends the shelf life of high-fat chilled dairy dessert, a milk-based pudding.the aims of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of nisin a to control the growth of spore-forming bacteria, bacillus and paenibacillus, in chilled high-fat, milk pudding and to reduce heat treatment to improve aroma and flavour.201424450783
brown seaweed (saccharina japonica) as an edible natural delivery matrix for allyl isothiocyanate inhibiting food-borne bacteria.the edible, brown seaweed saccharina japonica was prepared as powder in the size range 500-900 μm for the desorption release of allyl isothiocyanate (aitc). powders were used as raw (containing lipids) and as de-oiled, where the lipid was removed. in general, de-oiled powders adsorbed larger masses of aitc after vapour or solution contact. mass adsorbed due to solution contact exceeded vapour contact. larger particles adsorbed more than smaller particles. no chemical bonding between aitc and the ...201424444900
purification of chitinase/chitosanase from bacillus cereus and discovery of an enzyme inhibitor.a chitinase and a chitosanase were induced from a squid pen powder (spp)-containing medium of bacillus cereus tku030 and purified by precipitation with ammonium sulphate and combined column chromatography. the purified chitinase and chitosanase exhibited optimum activity at 60 °c, ph 5-6 and 40 °c, ph 4, respectively. the chitinase and chitosanase were stable at 25-60 °c, ph 4-7 and 25-50 °c, ph 3-7, respectively. the chitinase and chitosanase showed the highest activity toward β-chitin and 60% ...201424444885
surfactin restores and enhances swarming motility under heavy metal stress.the present work reports the importance of lipopeptide biosurfactant on swarming motility of multi-metal resistant (mmr) bacterium under heavy metal stress. the mmr bacteria strain cm100b, identified as bacillus cereus, was isolated from the coal mine sample. the strain was able to grow and reduce several metals namely cd(2+), co(2+), cu(2+), ni(2+), mn(2+) and pb(2+) ions which are common environmental pollutants. presence of toxic heavy metal ions in the swarming medium significantly altered t ...201424441179
hydrothermal synthesis of copper based nanoparticles: antimicrobial screening and interaction with dna.copper based nanoparticles (cu-based nps) of different compositions and sizes have been hydrothermally synthesized by varying the reaction time in the presence of the biocompatible surfactants polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan laurate (tween 20) and polyethylene glycol 8000 (peg 8000). effective control of the above synthetic parameters gave rise to cu, cu2o and cu/cu2o nps of 10-44 nm. the antibacterial activity of the nps was screened against gram-positive (bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, stap ...201424441110
isolation of bacillus cytotoxicus from various commercial potato products.bacillus (b.) cytotoxicus is a newly described thermotolerant member of the bacillus cereus group. this potential foodborne pathogen had so far only been isolated from vegetable products, including mashed potatoes. here we report the detection of b. cytotoxicus in a variety of potato products taken on retail level or from catering establishments (n=151). identification of isolates as b. cytotoxicus was performed after enrichment at 50°c, followed by differentiation using fourier transform-infrar ...201424440535
three bioactive cyclic dipeptides from the bacillus sp. n strain associated with entomopathogenic nematode.in continuation of our search for new bioactive secondary metabolites from bacillus cereus associated with entomopathogenic nematode (epn), three cyclic dipeptides (cdps), cyclo(l-leu-d-arg) (1), cyclo(2-hydroxy-pro-l-leu) (2), and cyclo(l-val-l-pro) (3) were purified from the ethyl acetate extract of b. cereus. the chemical structure of the compounds was identified by 1d, 2d nmr and hr-esi-ms. cyclo(l-leu-d-arg) recorded best antifungal activity and the highest activity was recorded against cry ...201424291459
fate of bacillus cereus and naturally occurring microbiota on milled rice as affected by temperature and relative humidity.we studied the survival and growth patterns of bacillus cereus, mesophilic aerobic bacteria (mab), and molds and yeasts (my) on rough and milled brown and white korean rice stored at 12 and 21 °c and 43, 68, and 85% relative humidity (rh) for up to 24 wk. the initial populations of mab present on rough rice, brown rice, and white rice were 7.7, 5.7, and 3.3 log cfu/g, respectively, and remained constant or decreased (p ≤ 0.05) by 0.7-1.8 log cfu/g during storage. the initial populations of b. ce ...201424290634
nmr assignments for the cis and trans forms of the hemolysin ii c-terminal domain.pathogenic bacteria secrete pore-forming toxins (pfts) to selectively defend against immune cells and to break through cellular barriers in the host. understanding how pfts attack cell membranes is not only essential for therapeutic intervention but for designing agents to deliver drugs to specific human cell subtypes, for example in anti-cancer or anti-viral therapies. many toxins contain accessory domains that help recognize specific molecular epitopes on the membranes of target cells, includi ...201424234348
bacillus cereus enterotoxins act as major virulence factors and exhibit distinct cytotoxicity to different human cell lines.a comparative analysis on the relevance of the bacillus cereus enterotoxins nhe (nonhemolytic enterotoxin), hbl (haemolysin bl) and cytk (cytotoxin k) was accomplished, concerning their toxic activity towards different target cell lines. overall, among the components secreted by the reference strains for nhe and hbl, the enterotoxin complexes accounted for over 90% of the total toxicity. vero and primary endothelial cells (huvec) were highly susceptible to nhe, whereas hep-g2, vero and a549 reac ...201424211313
prevalence, pfge typing, and antibiotic resistance of bacillus cereus group isolated from food in morocco.this article reports the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of the bacillus cereus group isolated from different foods (milk and dairy products, spices, and rice salad) in morocco. in total, 402 different food samples collected from 2008 to 2010 were analyzed by microbiological methods to isolate b. cereus. the strains were subjected to a polymerase chain reaction test in order to verify whether they belonged to the b. cereus group. sixty-four of all isolates (15.9%) were found to be positive. ...201424206436
the long-term effects of phage concentration on the inhibition of planktonic bacterial cultures.since the early 1920s there has been an interest in using bacteriophages (phages) for the control of bacterial pathogens. while there are many factors that have limited the success of phage bio-control, one particular problem is the variability of outcomes between phages and bacteria. specifically, there is a significant need for a better understanding of how initial phage concentrations affect long-term bacterial inhibition. in work reported herein three phages were isolated for escherichia col ...201424301469
crystal structure of bacillus cereus class ib ribonucleotide reductase di-iron nrdf in complex with nrdi.class ib ribonucleotide reductases (rnrs) use a dimetal-tyrosyl radical (y•) cofactor in their nrdf (β2) subunit to initiate ribonucleotide reduction in the nrde (α2) subunit. contrary to the diferric tyrosyl radical (fe(iii)2-y•) cofactor, which can self-assemble from fe(ii)2-nrdf and o2, generation of the mn(iii)2-y• cofactor requires the reduced form of a flavoprotein, nrdihq, and o2 for its assembly. here we report the 1.8 å resolution crystal structure of bacillus cereus fe2-nrdf in complex ...201424295378
enhanced biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) from potato starch by bacillus cereus strain 64-ins in a laboratory-scale fermenter.to decrease the polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) production cost by supplying renewable carbon sources has been an important aspect in terms of commercializing this biodegradable polymer. the production of biodegradable poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) (pha) from raw potato starch by the bacillus cereus 64-ins strain isolated from domestic sludge has been studied in a lab-scale fermenter. the bacterium was screened for the degradation of raw potato starch by a starch hydrolysis method and for pha production ...201424279753
isolation, screening and production studies of uricase producing bacteria from poultry sources.uricase (urate oxidase ec 1.7.3.3) is a therapeutic enzyme that is widely used to catalyze the enzymatic oxidation of uric acid in the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout diseases. in this study, three bacterial species capable of producing extracellular uricase were isolated from a poultry source and screened based on the size of the clear zone using a uric acid agar plate. the bacterial species capable of producing uricase with the highest uricolytic activity was identified as bacillus cereus ...201424279683
isolation and identification of a new intracellular antimicrobial peptide produced by paenibacillus alvei an5.a wild-type, gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and motile bacteria has been isolated from palm oil mill sludge in malaysia. molecular identification using 16s rrna gene sequence analysis indicated that the bacteria belonged to genus paenibacillus. with 97 % similarity to p. alvei (aug6), the isolate was designated as p. alvei an5. an antimicrobial compound was extracted from p. alvei an5-pelleted cells using 95 % methanol and was then lyophilized. precipitates were re-suspended in pho ...201424272828
characterization and comparative genomic analysis of bacteriophages infecting members of the bacillus cereus group.the bacillus cereus group phages infecting b. cereus, b. anthracis, and b. thuringiensis (bt) have been studied at the molecular level and, recently, at the genomic level to control the pathogens b. cereus and b. anthracis and to prevent phage contamination of the natural insect pesticide bt. a comparative phylogenetic analysis has revealed three different major phage groups with different morphologies (myoviridae for group i, siphoviridae for group ii, and tectiviridae for group iii), genome si ...201424264384
toxigenic genes, spoilage potential, and antimicrobial resistance of bacillus cereus group strains from ice cream.bacillus spp. can be recovered from almost every environment. it is also found readily in foods, where it may cause food spoilage and/or food poisoning due to its toxigenic and pathogenic nature, and extracellular enzymes. in this study, 29 bacillus cereus group strains from ice cream were examined for the presence of following virulence genes hblc, nhea, cytk and ces genes, and tested for a range of the extracellular enzymes, and antimicrobial susceptibility. the strains were found to produce e ...201424309214
a one-pot system for production of l-2-aminobutyric acid from l-threonine by l-threonine deaminase and a nadh-regeneration system based on l-leucine dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase.l-2-aminobutyric acid (l-aba) is an unnatural amino acid that is a key intermediate for the synthesis of several important drugs. it can be produced by transaminase or dehydrogenase from α-ketobutyric acid, which can be synthesized enzymatically from the bulk amino acid, l-threonine. deamination of l-threonine followed by a hydrogenation reaction gave almost the theoretical yield and was estimated to be more cost-effective than the established chemical process. l-threonine deaminase from escheri ...201424322776
a large outbreak of salmonellosis associated with sandwiches contaminated with multiple bacterial pathogens purchased via an online shopping service.food sold over the internet is an emerging business that also presents a concern with regard to food safety. a nationwide foodborne disease outbreak associated with sandwiches purchased from an online shop in july 2010 is reported. consumers were telephone interviewed with a structured questionnaire and specimens were collected for etiological examination. a total of 886 consumers were successfully contacted and completed the questionnaires; 36.6% had become ill, with a median incubation period ...201424313786
involvement of alanine racemase in germination of bacillus cereus spores lacking an intact exosporium.the l-alanine mediated germination of food isolated bacillus cereus dsa 1 spores, which lacked an intact exosporium, increased in the presence of d-cycloserine (dcs), which is an alanine racemase (alr) inhibitor, reflecting the activity of the alr enzyme, capable of converting l-alanine to the germination inhibitor d-alanine. proteomic analysis of the alkaline extracts of the spore proteins, which include exosporium and coat proteins, confirmed that alr was present in the b. cereus dsa 1 spores ...201424346000
purification of a thermostable chitinase from bacillus cereus by chitin affinity and its application in microbial community changes in soil.a thermostable chitinase was purified by chitin affinity from the culture supernatant of bacillus cereus tku028 with shrimp head powder (shp) as the sole carbon/nitrogen source. tku028 chitinase was purified using a one-step affinity adsorbent system, and the molecular mass of tku028 chitinase (approximately 40 kda) was then determined using sds-page. the enzyme was stable for 60 min at temperatures below 60 °c and stable over a broad ph range of 4-9 for 60 min. in addition, the temporal changes ...201424342954
bio-augmentation as a tool for improving the modified sequencing batch biofilm reactor.biological treatment of domestic sewage was accomplished in a pilot-scale modified sequencing batch biofilm reactor (sbbr) bio-augmented with consortium of 5 strains of indigenous bacteria (genus pseudomonas and bacillus). the reactor consisted of fibrous filler in the upper and ceramsite filter media in the bottom. it demonstrated to have a short hydraulic residence time (hrt) for 10 h and good quality effluent to cope with low c/n ratio domestic wastewater. the biofilm attached fibrous fillers ...201424342171
capillary electrophoresis of microbial aggregates.uncontrolled aggregation of bacterial cells is a significant disadvantage of electrophoretic separations. various aspects of the electrophoretic behavior of different strains of gram-positive bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, sarcina lutea, staphylococcus aureus(1), and micrococcus luteus bacteria and gram-negative escherichia coli bacteria were investigated in this study. our findings indicate that bacteria can be rapidly analyzed by cze with surface charge modification by calcium ions (ca(2+ ...201424338952
antibacterial activity of the roots, stems and leaves of alchornea floribunda.alchornea floribunda müll. arg. is used in traditional medicine across africa for the treatment of bacterial, fungal, parasitic and inflammatory disorders.201424333961
characterization of an alkalophilic extracellular chitosanase from bacillus cereus gu-02.an alkalophilic extracellular chitosanase (actase) was characterized from the culture supernatant of bacillus cereus gu-02. kinetic properties of actase produced from b. cereus gu-02 after cultivation in anaerobic condition, alkaline medium (ph 10) at 37°c for 3 days were investigated. actase was found to be stable in alkaline ph range from 8 to 10. interestingly, optimum ph and temperature were estimated to be 10 and 37°c, respectively, where actase showed chitosan degrading activity (87%), whi ...201424331981
rna-seq analysis of antibiotic-producing bacillus subtilis sc-8 in response to signal peptide papr of bacillus cereus.bacillus subtilis sc-8 produces an antibiotic that has narrow antagonistic activity against bacteria in the bacillus cereus group. in b. cereus group bacteria, peptide-activating plcr (papr) plays a significant role in regulating the transcription of virulence factors. when b. subtilis sc-8 and b. cereus are co-cultured, papr is assumed to stimulate antibiotic production by b. subtilis sc-8. to better understand the effect of papr on this interspecies interaction, the global transcriptome profil ...201424104687
cyclo(l-pro-d-arg): a new antibacterial and antitumour diketopiperazine from bacillus cereus associated with a rhabditid entomopathogenic.in continuation of our search for new antimicrobial secondary metabolites from bacillus cereus associated with rhabditid entomopathogenic nematode, a new microbial diketopiperazine, cyclo(l-pro-d-arg), was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of fermented modified nutrient broth. the chemical structures of the isolated compounds were identified based on their 1d, 2d nmr and high-resolution electrospray ionisation-mass spectroscopy data. antibacterial activity of the compound was determined by ...201424097052
functional role of the mrpa- and mrpd-homologous protein subunits in enzyme complexes evolutionary related to respiratory chain complex i.nadh:quinone oxidoreductase or complex i is a large membrane bound enzyme complex that has evolved from the combination of smaller functional building blocks. intermediate size enzyme complexes exist in nature that comprise some, but not all of the protein subunits in full size 14-subunit complex i. the membrane spanning complex i subunits nuol, nuom and nuon are homologous to each other and to two proteins from one particular class of na(+)/h(+) antiporters, denoted mrpa and mrpd. in complex i, ...201424095649
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