Publications

the use of lectins in monitoring degradation of oligosaccharide chains in mucin by oral streptococci.	the ability of utilize mucin oligosaccharides as sources of carbohydrate and energy is believed to be an important mechanism in the ecology of oral streptococci. in this study we have used digoxigenin-labelled lectins of various specificities to monitor changes in the nonreducing end groups of oligosaccharide chains following their degradation by streptococcus oralis ny 586 and streptococcus sanguis ny 584. the reaction of degraded mucin with peanut lectin, that recognizes the core disaccharide ...	1994	7520835
identification of a vibrio cholerae toxr-activated gene (tagd) that is physically linked to the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) gene cluster.	the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp)-encoding gene cluster (tcp) specifies a type-iv pilus that is a major colonization determinant of vibrio cholerae. we have identified a gene 200 bp upstream from the tcp cluster that requires toxr for expression. we have designated this gene tagd (toxr-activated gene) and have shown that tagd is encoded on a 600-nt transcript. the deduced tagd product is a 164-amino-acid polypeptide (20 kda). interestingly, tagd shares a high degree of similarity to a protein of ...	1994	7523254
streptococcus sanguis osteomyelitis of the l2-3 lumbar vertebrae in seronegative rheumatoid arthritis.		1994	8162652
novel automated microbial screening of platelet concentrates.	the recovery of bacteria and the speed of detection of microbial growth in platelet concentrates (pc) were studied, comparing a novel automated blood culture system (bact/alert) with two traditional methods. full-scale experiments were performed with a total of 33 units of pc (average content 320 x 10(9) platelets per unit) obtained from pooled buffy coats. six strains known as possible pc contaminants were tested: s. epidermidis, s. aureus, p. aeruginosa, b. cereus, e. aerogenes, and s. sanguis ...	1994	8167004
molecular characterization of a plasmid-borne (pgt633) erythromycin resistance determinant (ermgt) from lactobacillus reuteri 100-63.	lactobacillus reuteri 100-63 contains a 9.8 kb plasmid (pgt633) encoding resistance to the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (mls) type b antibiotics. the restriction endonucleases acci, bamhi, bcli, ecori, ecorv, hhai, hindii, hpai, kpni, sali, and sspi were employed to establish a physical map of pgt633. next, genetic transfer experiments were conducted to establish the host range of pgt633. the results revealed that pgt633 replicated autonomously and encoded constitutive resistance to eryth ...	1994	8171126
inhibition of hydroxyapatite crystal growth by lipoteichoic acid.	lipoteichoic acids were purified from freshly isolated strains of streptococcus sanguis and lactobacillus casei, and from a laboratory strain of strep. rattus bht. their effects on the seeded growth of hydroxyapatite in 1 mm cacl2, 7.5 mm kh2po4, 50 mm hepes (ph 7.2) were determined. at lipoteichoic acid concentrations of 25 microm organic phosphate (po) and higher, the growth of hydroxyapatite appeared to be inhibited, at 100 microm po inhibition was complete for several hours. in contrast, low ...	1994	8185499
streptococcus sanguis bacteremia during ciprofloxacin therapy of a diabetic foot ulcer.		1994	8192181
infective endocarditis in newborn infants with structurally normal hearts.	twelve infants with structurally normal hearts were demonstrated to have intracardiac vegetations on echocardiography and diagnosed as having infective endocarditis. all were found in the right side of the heart, most frequently at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium and in no case involved the tricuspid or pulmonary valves. most were diagnosed in the course of investigation of repeatedly positive blood cultures, despite appropriate antibiotic therapy. coagulase-negative ...	1994	8193471
role of amoxicillin serum levels for successful prophylaxis of experimental endocarditis due to tolerant streptococci.	the importance of amoxicillin serum profiles for successful prophylaxis of experimental endocarditis in rats was assessed. animals with catheter-induced vegetations were challenged intravenously with large inocula of streptococcus sanguis and received one of the following amoxicillin dosages: single or multiple bolus injection of 40 mg/kg; 40 mg/kg administered as a continuous infusion over 12 h; or either 9 or 18 mg/kg administered over 12 or 24 h, respectively. the regimen producing a single t ...	1994	8195626
flow-cytometric identification and detection of porphyromonas gingivalis by a lps specific monoclonal antibody.	the purpose of this study was to identify porphyromonas gingivalis (p. gingivalis) by flow cytometry (fcm) using a monoclonal antibody (mab) omr-bg1e directed to p. gingivalis-specific lipopolysaccharide (lps). the p. gingivalis strains atcc 33277, 381, eso75, w50, and a7a1 were selected for the study. fusobacterium nucleatum (f. nucleatum), prevotella intermedia (p. intermedia), campylobacter rectus (c. rectus), streptococcus sanguis (s. sanguis) and actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (a. act ...	1994	8195974
hospital practices influence the pattern of infective endocarditis.	to identify factors contributing to infective endocarditis at a major teaching hospital.	1994	8202007
in vivo activities and penetration of the two components of the streptogramin rp 59500 in cardiac vegetations of experimental endocarditis.	we evaluated the in vivo activity and the diffusion of radiolabelled rp 57669 (rpi) and rp 54476 (rpii), the two components of the injectable streptogramin rp 59500, alone or in combination, in aortic vegetations from experimental endocarditis in rabbits. rpi and rpii demonstrated in vitro bacteriostatic and bactericidal synergy against a clinical strain of staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin and susceptible to erythromycin. in experimental staphylococcal endocarditis, rp 59500 was as ...	1994	8203835
[a case of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (hocm) complicated by infective endocarditis (ie) and mitral regurgitation (mr)].	the case of a 56-year-old man who underwent mitral valve replacement due to hocm complicated by ie and mr is reported. preoperative 2d echocardiographic assessment of the mitral valve revealed systole anterior motion (sam) and vegetation, and color flow doppler echocardiographic examination revealed severe mitral regurgitation. the left ventricular out-flow tract gradient decreased from 140 mmhg preoperatively to 60 mmhg postoperatively. mitral valve replacement should be considered in patients ...	1994	8207888
a quantitative study of calcium binding by isolated streptococcal cell walls and lipoteichoic acid: comparison with whole cells.	calcium-binding by surface components of oral bacteria may have important effects on remineralization/demineralization phenomena and plaque cohesion. additionally, some species export large quantities of lipoteichoic acid, possibly as a protective measure. measurement of calcium-binding can facilitate prediction of how this will effectively buffer plaque fluid calcium concentration and affect these processes. using equilibrium dialysis, we measured calcium-binding capacities and affinities at ph ...	1994	7983261
the targeting of phospholipid liposomes to bacteria.	phospholipid liposomes have been prepared from phospholipid mixtures including dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylinositol (dppc/pi) and dppc/dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (dppc/dppg) mixtures and targeted to adsorbed biofilms of the skin-associated bacteria staphylococcus epidermidis and proteus vulgaris and the oral bacterium streptococcus sanguis. the effects of time, liposome concentration and density of bacteria in the biofilm have been studied in detail for staphylococcus epiderm ...	1994	7986811
a study of the subgingival microflora of hiv-seropositive and cd4 cell depleted children with hemophilia.	the cultivable subgingival bacterial flora from three hiv-seropositive and cd4 cell depleted children with hemophilia were examined in this study. the numbers of cd4 cells of the subjected children ranged from 4.9 to 16.3 per mm3 blood. streptococcus species, including, beta-hemolytic streptococcus identified as streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis, were predominant in the subgingival plaque samples. actinomyces species were also frequently found. gram-negative rods other than capnocyt ...	1994	7987969
cell surface protein receptors in oral streptococci.	streptococci have a vast repertoire of adherence properties which include binding to human tissue components, epithelial cells and to other bacterial cells. these interactions are determined by the expression of cell-surface receptors some of which are species-specific. in the oral streptococci, two families of surface protein receptors with highly conserved amino acid sequences have been identified. the antigen i/ii family of polypeptides are wall-associated high molecular mass proteins (158-16 ...	1994	7926661
[löffler endocarditis fibroplastica with simultaneous infectious endocarditis].	the clinical and immunological 8-year follow-up of a 45-year old female with hypereosinophilic syndrome and cardiac involvement of löffler's fibroplastic endocarditis which was complicated by infective endocarditis during immunosuppressive treatment is presented. all 3 stages of the disease were documented by clinical and histologic data: stage 1 by biopsy proven eosinophilic myocarditis and arteritis, stage 2 with berlin blue positive parietal thrombosis, and the fibrotic features of stage 3 bo ...	1994	7927122
nucleotide sequence of the streptococcus gordonii pk488 coaggregation adhesin gene, scaa, and atp-binding cassette.	human oral viridans group streptococci that coaggregate with actinomyces naeslundii pk606 express surface proteins related to scaa, the coaggregation-mediating adhesin of streptococcus gordonii pk488 (r. n. andersen, n. ganeshkumar, and p. e. kolenbrander, infect. immun. 61:981-987, 1993). the nucleotide sequence of the 6,125-bp ecori insert of pra1, containing scaa, the gene encoding scaa, was determined. six open reading frames (orfs) were identified. the orientation of four orfs, two upstream ...	1994	7927711
treatment with imipenem of experimental endocarditis caused by penicillin-resistant streptococcus sanguis.	the efficacy of imipenem alone or in combination with gentamicin for the treatment of experimental endocarditis in rabbits caused by a penicillin resistant strain of streptococcus sanguis was compared to that of gentamicin and penicillin g. in vitro, both beta-lactams were bactericidal in action and the combination of gentamicin and imipenem was synergistic after 4 h whereas penicillin g and gentamicin showed synergy after 8 h. antibiotic treatment was started two days after initiating infection ...	1994	7928813
detection of streptococcus pneumoniae dna in blood cultures by pcr.	we have developed a pcr assay, with primers derived from the autolysin (lyt) gene, for the detection of streptococcus pneumoniae dna in blood cultures. the predicted fragment of 247 bp was detected in all strains of pneumococci, embracing 12 different serotypes that were tested. although dna extracted from four viridans streptococci spp. streptococcus oralis, streptococcus mitis, streptococcus sanguis, and streptococcus parasanguis) gave amplification products, these were quite different from th ...	1994	7929764
evidence for an ecto-atpase on the cell wall of streptococcus sanguis.	certain strains of viridans streptococci bind platelets, which release atp from dense granules and then aggregate. by hydrolyzing the released atp to the platelet agonist, adp, cell wall-associated atpase activity of streptococcus sanguis may amplify the aggregation of platelets. to identify and characterize this ecto-atpase activity, whole cells were incubated with [14c]-atp. the cell-free nucleotides were separated by thin-layer chromatography and quantified by liquid scintillation counting. w ...	1994	7936725
stimulation of monocyte tissue factor expression in an in vitro model of bacterial endocarditis.	the coagulation system plays a major role in the formation of the infected endocardial vegetation in bacterial endocarditis. since monocytes can express tissue factor (tf) on their surfaces, they are thought to be responsible for the extrinsic activation of the coagulation cascade during this disease. the present study used an in vitro model in which fibrin plates, isolated adherent monocytes, and streptococcus sanguis were used as an analog for endocardial vegetations. adherence to fibrin by it ...	1994	7960151
action of sodium fluoride on phagocytosis by systemic polymorphonuclear leucocytes.	alterations in phagocytosis appear to be important in the onset and development of periodontitis. we investigated new substances that may be of use in the treatment of periodontitis. in a preliminary study, we tested the effect of sodium fluoride on phagocytosis by circulating polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmns) in 10 replicate assays using blood from six healthy subjects. sodium fluoride was tested at concentrations of 1.0 micron to 4.0 microns against streptococcus oralis, streptococcus mutans ...	1994	7962905
adsorption of salivary proteins to the surface of oral streptococcal cells.	oral tissues, especially tooth surfaces, are covered with a layer of salivary proteins. oral bacterial cells that adsorb to salivary components accumulated on the tooth surface are, as a rule, covered with the same components, especially proteins. thus, it is possible that the salivary proteins covering the bacterial cells are related to the adhesion of bacteria to oral tissues. the aim of this study was to clarify the mechanisms of adsorption of salivary proteins to the surface of streptococcus ...	1994	7869131
effect of binding of fibrinogen to each bacterium on coaggregation between porphyromonas gingivalis and streptococcus oralis.	fibrinogen inhibits the coaggregation between porphyromonas gingivalis and streptococcus oralis. in this study, we determined which bacterium interacts with fibrinogen in this inhibitory process. although preincubation of each bacterium with fibrinogen did not inhibit coaggregation, its activity was completely eliminated by the addition of protease inhibitors such as n-ethylmaleimide (nem), p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate and n alpha-p-tosyl-l-lysine chloromethyl ketone to the preincubation mixt ...	1994	7870471
kinetics of lactose-reversible coadhesion of actinomyces naeslundii wvu 398a and streptococcus oralis 34 on the surface of hexadecane droplets.	most investigations of mechanisms accounting for intergeneric coaggregation have emphasized stereospecific rather than nonspecific interactions. the purpose of this investigation was to determine the relative importance of lectin-carbohydrate and nonspecific hydrophobic and ionic interactions, using a model based on strains with one of the most well understood specific coaggregation mechanisms, the lactose-reversible coaggregation of actinomyces naeslundii and streptococcus oralis. the kinetics ...	1994	7870472
the effect of acid and fluoride release on the antimicrobial properties of four glass ionomer cements.		1994	7831144
bacterial interference in vitro. comparison between a quantitative kinetic and a cocultivation blood agar test method.	the aim of the present study was to compare two methods for estimation of bacterial growth interference between various bacteria using a bioscreen robot analyzer, allowing kinetic documentation, and a cocultivation test on blood agar plates. six laboratory strains with different virulence and growth requirements were used: actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, porphyromonas gingivalis, fusobacterium nucleatum, streptococcus mitis, staphylococcus aureus, and staphylococcus epidermidis. the interf ...	1994	7833000
identification of antimicrobial peptides by using combinatorial libraries made up of unnatural amino acids.	the use of water-soluble synthetic peptide combinatorial libraries permits the systematic examination of tens to hundreds of millions of peptides in existing microdilution assays. in the present study, we prepared and determined the antistaphylococcal activities of two new synthetic peptide combinatorial libraries (one n-acetylated, the other not) composed of tetrapeptides having one position defined and the remaining three positions made up of mixtures of l-, d-, and unnatural amino acids (a to ...	1994	7840558
a microbiological study of recurrent dentinal caries.	a cross-sectional microbiological study of recurrent (secondary) dentinal caries was conducted. freshly extracted human teeth containing amalgam restorations judged to be clinically intact were scrubbed with chlorhexidine soap and soaked in povidone-iodine solution. the teeth were then split to remove the fillings and examined for dentinal caries. of 54 teeth examined, 22 (40%) were free of dentinal caries in the restored site. the remainder were assigned to arbitrary groups of questionable (15) ...	1994	7850843
microbiota of rapidly progressive periodontitis lesions in association with clinical parameters.	the microbial population in 73 rapidly progressive periodontitis (rpp) lesions in 10 young adults aged 25 to 35 years (5 males, 5 females) was studied in relation to the clinical parameters probing depth, bleeding on probing, and suppuration, which were recorded at the sampled sites. porphyromonas gingivalis was found to predominate (26.7%) in 73 periodontal lesions with clinical probing depth > 6 mm, followed by bacteroides forsythus (23.6%), and prevotella intermedia (15.7%). the prevalence of ...	1994	7853132
recurrent streptococcus sanguis meningitis in a patient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.		1994	7803666
low surface tension calcium hydroxide solution is an effective antiseptic.	the antimicrobial effects of a saturated calcium hydroxide solution, and in combination with 10% and 20% detergent, were evaluated on streptococcus faecalis, streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus mutans, streptococcus salivarius, neisseria sp., diphtheroid, staphylococcus aureus, lactobacillus sp., staphylococcus epidermidis, bacillus subtilis and candida albicans. the saturated calcium hydroxide solution was effective against only four of the 11 microorganisms studied over a 60-min exposure time ...	1994	7806414
the interaction of positively charged phospholipid vesicles with bacteria.		1994	7821586
a theoretical approach to polyhydroxy-mediated interactions between liposomes and bacterial biofilms.		1994	7821587
short-term microbiological and clinical effects of subgingival irrigation with an antimicrobial mouthrinse.	fifty chronic adult periodontitis patients completed a 6-week controlled, double-blind, split mouth clinical study to determine the effects of subgingival irrigation with an antimicrobial mouthrinse on periodontal microflora, supragingival plaque, and gingivitis when used as an adjunct to normal oral hygiene. qualifying subjects had at least four sites, two on each side of the mouth, with probing depths between 4 and 6 mm, which bled on gentle probing. following baseline examinations, subjects r ...	1994	8133413
effects of subinhibitory concentrations of chemical agents on hydrophobicity and in vitro adherence of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis.	the aim of this investigation was to determine whether sublethal concentrations of chlorhexidine (cx), hexetidine (hx), cetylpyridinium chloride (cc), sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), sanguinarine (sg), sodium fluoride (naf), and ammonium fluoride (nh4f) could affect hydrophobicity and adhesion of streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus mutans to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (s-ha). determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) showed that both species were susceptible to all agents ...	1994	8001055
the bacteriology of obstructive pneumonitis. a prospective study using ultrasound-guided transthoracic needle aspiration.	obstructive pneumonitis, the opacity that develops distal to an obstructing endobronchial lesion or external compression, is actually a combination of atelectasis, bronchiectasis with mucus plugging, and true parenchymal inflammation. in the majority of cases, it is usually not possible to determine whether infection is present or not from the radiographic findings alone. the aim of this study was to evaluate the bacteriology of obstructive pneumonitis and the influence of this result on the tre ...	1994	8004324
in vitro attachment of streptococcus sanguis to the dentin of the root canal.	the adhesion of a strain of streptococcus sanguis (nctc 7863) to the root canal dentin of bovine incisors was evaluated. samples (104) were prepared and smear layer was created on the root canal surface with a tungsten carbide bur. the samples were divided into four groups, one of them serving as a control sample and the other three each receiving a different treatment: 6% citric acid for 2 min (group 3), 6% citric acid for 2 min + 6.25% sodium hypochlorite for 1 min (group 2), 6% citric acid fo ...	1994	8006568
a comparative study of the aggregation of human, rat and rabbit platelets by members of the streptococcus sanguis group.	aggregation of platelets by bacteria is a potential factor in the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis. twenty-five strains from the streptococcus sanguis group, including 15 recent isolates from cases of endocarditis, were compared for their ability to aggregate human and rat platelets over periods of 15 and 25 min, respectively. in each case, 76% of strains caused aggregation; the median time to onset of aggregation was longer for human platelets (12 min) than for rat platelets (1 min). stra ...	1994	8006939
bactericidal action of tachyplesin i against oral streptococci.	tachyplesin i, a polycationic antimicrobial peptide isolated from hemocytes of horseshoe crabs, kills bacteria by disrupting the membrane potential of the cytoplasmic membrane. the present study shows that, among 36 oral streptococcal strains, 12 of 21 streptococcus sanguis, 3 streptococcus mutans, 9 streptococcus salivarius and 3 streptococcus milleri strains were susceptible to tachyplesin i, whereas 9 s. sanguis strains were resistant. interestingly, these resistant strains include the clinic ...	1994	8008433
interleukin 8 in serum in granulocytopenic patients with infections.	serum levels of interleukin 8 (il-8) were examined in eight patients with acute myeloid leukaemia during 16 courses of chemotherapy. the patients experienced 14 episodes of fever which occurred in periods with granulocyte counts < 0.5 x 10(9)/l. febrile episodes were classified as bacteriologically defined infection (n = 6), clinically defined infection (n = 2), and unexplained fever (n = 6). il-8 was detected in 18/25 (72%), 2/3 (67%) and 3/7 (43%) of the serum samples in the respective groups. ...	1994	8011545
[treatment of experimental endocarditis caused by penicillin-resistant streptococcus viridans].		1994	8011732
a quantitative comparison of selected bacteria in human carious dentine by microscopic counts.	the levels of selected cariogenic and obligately anaerobic bacteria have been compared in carious dentine taken from fissures, smooth surfaces, and root surfaces. the numbers of infected dentinal tubules were determined by immunohistological staining using species-specific antisera against selected bacteria. selective localization was observed; mutans streptococci were the predominant bacteria in dentine from fissures and smooth surface coronal caries, but not from root surface caries. the propo ...	1994	8033185
endocarditis due to high level gentamicin resistant enterococcus faecium.	we describe the first reported case in the literature of bacterial endocarditis caused by enterococcus faecium that was highly resistant to gentamicin. the case is unusual in that it followed a successfully treated streptococcus sanguis endocarditis. the micro-organism was susceptible only to the glycopeptide antibiotics, vancomycin and teicoplanin and to agents such as pristinamycin and daptomycin which are not routinely available for treatment. it illustrates the therapeutic dilemma posed by s ...	1994	8034999
association of salivary bacterial aggregating activity with sulfomucin.	the requirements of human salivary mucins for aggregating potential towards the common cariogenic oral bacteria, s. mutans and s. sanguis, were investigated. agglutination inhibition assays demonstrated that the aggregating capacity towards bacteria resides in the acidic mucin fraction. the inhibitory activity of the acidic mucin decreased only 2-4-fold following removal of sialic acid, whereas the desulfation caused a complete loss of the inhibitory potential against both bacteria. furthermore, ...	1994	8038721
antigenic relationships among immunoglobulin a1 proteases from haemophilus, neisseria, and streptococcus species.	to investigate the antigenic variation and relationships of immunoglobulin a1 (iga1) proteases among different species and genera, we examined a comprehensive collection of serine type and metallo-type iga1 proteases and corresponding antisera in enzyme neutralization assays. sharing of neutralizing epitopes of metallo-type iga1 proteases from streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus mitis, and streptococcus oralis and of serine type iga1 proteases from haemophilus and path ...	1994	8039886
microorganisms on toothbrushes at day-care centers.	the microflora on 44 toothbrushes at 4 day-care centers in the city of göteborg have been investigated as a presumptive risk factor for transmission of microorganisms by children. non-supervised toothbrushing without the use of toothpaste was performed at the day-care centers twice a day. streptococci, predominantly s. salivarius, s. sanguis, and s. mitis, were the most frequently recorded group of microorganisms and generally constituted the greatest part of the flora (on average, 50%). beta-he ...	1994	8048328
treatment of experimental endocarditis caused by penicillin-resistant streptococcus sanguis with different doses of teicoplanin.	streptococcus viridans continues to be the most frequent causal agent of infective endocarditis. treatment has become more complicated due to the increase in resistance to penicillin and cephalosporins. in order to study the possible efficacy of teicoplanin at low and high doses, this antibiotic was investigated in rabbits as a monotherapy and in association with gentamicin. the effects were compared with a control group and a group given classical penicillin-gentamicin treatment. infective endo ...	1994	8051983
lipoteichoic acid from streptococcus sanguis is a natural glucosyl acceptor for glucosyltransferases.	the synthesis of methanol insoluble-[14c]labeled-polymers from [14c]sucrose by s. mutans glucosyltransferases was stimulated up to four-fold by the presence of highly purified, lipoteichoic acid (lta) from s. sanguis. gel filtration chromatography (sepharose 4b) and ion exchange chromatography (deae-bio-gel a) of the [14c]labeled-polymers formed in the presence of [3h]glycerol-labeled-lta showed that high molecular weight, negatively charged [14c]labeled-[3h]glycerol-labeled-lta complexes were b ...	1994	8060321
dextranase enhances antibiotic efficacy in experimental viridans streptococcal endocarditis.	in endocarditis, exopolysaccharide production by viridans streptococci has been associated with delayed antimicrobial efficacy in cardiac vegetations. we compared the efficacies of temafloxacin alone and in combination with dextranase, an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing 20 to 90% of the bacterial glycocalyx, in a rabbit model of endocarditis. in in vivo experiments, rabbits were infected intravenously with 10(8) streptococcus sanguis organisms and were treated 6 days later with temafloxacin (50 mg ...	1994	8067775
relation between mouth and haematogenous infection in total joint replacements.	to investigate the source of infections associated with orthopaedic prostheses.	1994	8086903
[infectious crystalline keratopathy occurring after penetrating keratoplasty].	infectious crystalline keratopathy is a chronic corneal infection, characterized by interlamellar opacities that are shaped like crystal formations. in the majority of cases, streptococcus viridans is cultured. we report the case of a 74 year old man, presenting with corneal infection in a donor graft after penetrating keratoplasty. a streptococcus sanguis was isolated. the clinical response to antibiotics was poor, with a slow and inexerable progression, leading to possible corneal regrafting.	1994	8089423
extraction, partial purification and characterization of a bacteriocin (fragicilin) produced by a strain of bacteroides fragilis isolated from callithrix penicillata.	a strain of bacteroides fragilis, isolated from the marmoset callithrix penicillata, produced protein(s) with bacteriocin activity (fragicilin). two active fractions (36 and 150 kda) were isolated by chromatography. the bacteriocin exhibited iso- and heteroantagonism. it remained stable between ph 3 and 10 and at 60 degrees c for 24 h. pronase, trypsin, proteinase k and type vii protease inactivated the bacteriocin, giving evidence of its protein nature.	1994	8090990
bacteremia due to viridans streptococci in neutropenic patients: a review.	viridans streptococci have long been considered, with the exception of the ability to cause endocarditis, as minor pathogenic agents. more recently, however, these bacteria have become a major concern in neutropenic patients undergoing a chemotherapeutic treatment. in this high-risk population, they can be responsible for up to 39% of bacteremia cases and are the most frequent cause of this type of infection. the most frequently isolated species in blood cultures are streptococcus mitis and stre ...	1994	8092175
an appraisal of the virulence factors associated with streptococcal endocarditis.	platelet aggregation is believed to be a virulence factor in infective endocarditis. other factors may be adhesion to components of thrombotic vegetations, particularly platelets, fibronectin and fibrinogen. two strains from the streptococcus sanguis group (ssg) were chosen for comparative study on the basis that one aggregated both human and rat platelets and the other lacked this capacity. both strains caused endocarditis in the rat model but the aggregating strain was found in higher numbers ...	1994	8107058
identification of viridans streptococci associated with bacteraemia in neutropenic cancer patients.	twenty-three viridans streptococcal isolates from pyrexial neutropenic patients with various malignant diseases were studied in a comprehensive identification scheme. fourteen isolates were identified as streptococcus oralis, five as s. mitis and two as s. salivarius but the remaining two could not be identified reliably. the virulence mechanisms associated with the ability of these species to survive and grow in vivo require further investigation but may involve the production of specific glyco ...	1994	8114071
[infective endocarditis in icelandic children.]	the aim of this study was to investigate the predisposing conditions and etiology of infective endocarditis (ie) in icelandic children during the last ten years from 1984 to 1993. records from all cases of ie in iceland during this period were sampled. vegetations were confirmed in all patients by echocardiography and in cases of culture negative ie the diagnosis was made on clinical grounds and on the response to antibiotic treatment. during this period eight children were diagnosed with ie. fi ...	1994	21593535
dental infections as a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction.	the so-called classic risk factors of coronary heart disease (chd) do not explain all its clinical and epidemiological features. recent evidence suggests that certain infections, among them dental infections, are involved in the pathogenesis of chd. case-control studies have revealed an association between dental infections and acute myocardial infarction and chronic coronary heart disease. a large epidemiological survey revealed an association between missing teeth and chd and a recent 14-year ...	1993	8131788
antibacterial properties of eight dental cements.	the antibacterial action of a light-cured glass polyalkenoate vitrebond and an adhesive resin luting agent panavia ex was investigated and compared with six previously tested dental cements. the bacterial cultures used were six strains of streptococcus mutans, six of streptococcus sanguis and six cultures of carious debris from carious lesions. a modification of the agar diffusion method was used to test the antibacterial action of freshly mixed cements. in addition the cements were allowed to s ...	1993	8144245
antibacterial effectiveness of dentin bonding systems.	this study examined the antibacterial activities of several commercially available glass ionomer cements, dentin bonding systems and luting agents by employing both agar plate diffusion (apd) and growth inhibition (gi) methods. amalgam and resin composites were also tested as control materials. in both methods (apd and gi), cylindrical specimens were used. four bacteria strains were tested: streptococcus mutans, s. salivarius, s. mitis and s. sanguis. these studies were performed using standardi ...	1993	7988764
the antimicrobial activity of prevention mouthrinse.	prevention mouthrinse was designed to serve as a vital supplement to normal oral hygiene procedures. to determine the antimicrobial potency of this mouthrinse, minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics), bactericidal kinetics, and short-term exposure studies were conducted. a spectrum of oral microorganisms was employed in this investigation: streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus anginosus, streptococcus mutans, actinomyces viscosus, actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, fusobacterium nucleatum, ei ...	1993	7880467
antiseptic mouthrinse-induced microbial cell surface alterations.	this study determined the effect of an essential oil-containing mouthrinse, listerine antiseptic, on microbial cell surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy. twenty-four hour cultures of c. albicans, a. viscosus, s. sanguis, f. nucleatum, and a. actinomycetemcomitans were harvested and washed in buffer. triplicate samples were overlaid on poly-l-lysine coated coverslips, immersed in either listerine or buffer for 30 seconds, fixed in glutaraldehyde followed by post-fixing in 1% osmi ...	1993	7880474
involvement of porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae in adherence to streptococcus gordonii.	adherence of porphyromonas gingivalis to early plaque bacteria, such as streptococcus gordonii, is considered an important colonization mechanism. the molecules that mediate this interspecies binding have not been determined. fimbriae were prepared from p. gingivalis 33277 by mild agitation, ammonium sulfate precipitation and deae-sepharose chromatography. in a nitrocellulose blot adherence assay, purified fimbriae inhibited s. gordonii g9b-p. gingivalis 33277 binding by up to 54%. in addition, ...	1993	7903442
antibacterial activity of dentinal bonding agents.	the susceptibility of five bacterial species to seven dentinal bonding agents was examined in vitro. agar diffusion tests using filterpaper disks containing 10 microl each of conditioner, primer, or resin were performed on blood agar and mitis salivarius bacitracin agar. chlorhexidine (0.2%) was used as a positive control. after incubation, zones of inhibited bacterial growth were measured. of all the compounds tested, gluma cleanser and gluma etchant showed the strongest growth inhibition for a ...	1993	8210322
evidence for the covalent linkage of carbohydrate polymers to a glycoprotein from streptococcus sanguis.	the platelet aggregation-associated protein (paap) from streptococcus sanguis contains 39% carbohydrate in rhamnose-rich polysaccharides. synthesized by cultured protoplasts, these polysaccharides were shown to be covalently linked to this cell wall protein using specific inhibitors of glycosylation, glycosidase treatment, amino acid and carbohydrate analyses of prepared minimal glycopeptides and isolated protein, and nmr spectroscopy. to our knowledge, this is the first direct proof of an n-asp ...	1993	8226911
migration of a streptococcus sanguis strain through the root dentinal tubules.	the persistent presence of bacteria in the root canal system often leads to the failure of treatment. the aim of this study was to study the in vitro penetration of root dentinal tubules by bacteria. bovine dentin was inoculated with a strain of streptococcus sanguis, nctc 7863; samples were taken at 10, 20, and 28 days, and bacterial penetration of the tubules was demonstrated using two techniques, scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy after brown and brenn staining. the results sho ...	1993	8228750
serum immunoglobulin g antibodies to porphyromonas gingivalis, prevotella intermedia, fusobacterium nucleatum and streptococcus sanguis during experimental gingivitis in young adults.	twenty-eight young, healthy adults completed an experimental gingivitis study in which blood and clinical recordings were obtained at baseline; after a 4-week period of thorough oral hygiene; after a subsequent 3-week period of plaque accumulation; and after another 2 weeks of thorough oral hygiene. serum immunoglobulin g antibodies against whole cells of porphyromonas gingivalis, prevotella intermedia, fusobacterium nucleatum and streptococcus sanguis were determined using enzyme-linked immunos ...	1993	8233568
simulated human serum profiles of one daily dose of ceftriaxone plus netilmicin in treatment of experimental streptococcal endocarditis.	we performed experiments in rats aimed at determining whether a combination of ceftriaxone (cro) and netilmicin (net), by using once-daily administration in rats, which simulated profiles of drug in human serum, was more effective than either agent alone in the treatment of endocarditis caused by viridans group streptococci. a programmable infusion pump system enabled the production of profiles of cro in serum that simulate those found in humans after the intravenous administration of 2 g. the s ...	1993	8239615
the effect of glass-ionomer cement on carious dentine: an in vivo study.	the effect of a glass-ionomer cement sealant on carious dentine was investigated clinically and bacteriologically. the study group consisted of 24 molar teeth, with small clinical visible occlusal dentine lesions, in 13 children (aged 7-18 years). twenty of these molars were filled and sealed with a glass-ionomer cement (fuji ionomer type iii) and 4 with a resin sealant (delton). from each molar, two dentine samples were collected aseptically with a time interval of 7 months. the first sample wa ...	1993	8242680
evaluation of the capacity of oral streptococci to produce hydrogen peroxide.	the capacity of 11 strains of oral streptococcal species (streptococcus sanguis, s. oralis, s. mitis and s. sobrinus) to produce hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) was studied in vitro. detection of this property in solid media, particularly with trypticase soy agar-benzidine-peroxidase, was more sensitive than in liquid media. the addition of carbohydrates (arabinose, xylose, mannose, sorbose and lactose), sorbitol and saccharine to buffered trypticase soy broth increased h2o2 production in s. oralis nct ...	1993	8246261
alpha-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia: a review of 203 episodes during 1980-1991.	this is a review of 203 episodes of alpha-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia during a 12-year period (1980-91) in a large community teaching hospital in the usa. there were 87 male and 116 female patients, with ages ranging from newborn infants to a 96-year-old; 118 patients (58.1%) were 60 years or older. 31 patients had endocarditis, 93 had bacteremia, and 79 had polymicrobial bacteremia. streptococcus sanguis, s. mitis, s. salivarius and s. intermedius accounted for 80% of the strains. some s ...	1993	8248738
production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against bacterial lectin of eikenella corrodens.	a lectin-like substance (ecls) was purified from the eikenella corrodens 1073 cell and monoclonal antibodies were produced against it to confirm the role of ecls in adhesive properties of e. corrodens such as hemagglutination and coaggregation with oral bacteria. four hybridoma clones were selected. two of the antibodies were of the igg1 isotype and the others were of the igg2b isotype. these monoclonal antibodies inhibited both the hemagglutination of e. corrodens and the coaggregation with act ...	1993	8254457
phenotypic characterization of oral streptococci by classical methods.	the phenotypic characteristics of 215 strains of oral streptococci were compared on the basis of the results of sorbitol, raffinose and trehalose fermentation, ammonium from arginine production, aesculin hydrolysis, h2o2 production, susceptibility to 2 u bacitracin, and growth in 4% nacl solution. eleven different species were identified. among the most noteworthy findings were the low number of h2o2-producing strains of streptococcus sobrinus, the effective discrimination between streptococcus ...	1993	8264436
coaggregation of oral lactobacilli with streptococci from the oral cavity.	the ability of oral lactobacilli to coaggregate with streptococci and actinomycetes was investigated. of the 7 species of lactobacilli studied, only two were capable of coaggregation and the coaggregation was restricted to streptococci. lactobacillus salivarius strains (2/4) coaggregated with streptococcus salivarius, streptococcus gordonii, streptococcus crista and tufted streptococcus sanguis ii strains. lactobacillus fermentum (2/3) coaggregated with s. gordonii and s. sanguis. the coaggregat ...	1993	8265207
antimicrobial activity of cytotoxic drugs may influence isolation of bacteria and fungi from blood cultures.	the potential antimicrobial activity of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and adriamycin against gram positive and negative bacteria and candida albicans was examined. the time taken for different microbial inocula to turn a simulated blood culture positive in the presence of different concentrations of these drugs was measured. doxorubicin retarded the growth of staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, and streptococcus sanguis in a concentration dependent manner. cyclophosphamide and vi ...	1993	8282838
role of serum antibodies to streptococci in patients with iga nephropathy.	serum antibodies to whole cells of streptococci and serum immune complexes were investigated in patients with iga nephropathy accompanied by tonsillitis and in healthy adult controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). serum iga levels to streptococcus salivarius, s. sanguis i and s. pneumoniae were higher in patients with iga nephropathy than in healthy controls. the levels of igg to s. pyogenes t12, s. gordonii and s. sanguis ii in patients with iga nephropathy were also higher than ...	1993	8285043
chelate root filling cements: biological properties.	the purpose of this study was to test in vivo and in vitro the toxicity and the antibacterial activity of an experimental chelate cement (hn cement) using zinc oxide-eugenol cement as a reference. after subcutaneous injection of the spatulated hn cement paste in rats, it induced markedly less tissue injuries than did the zinc oxide-eugenol cement. in toxicity tests using cultures of human fibroblasts, the hn cement was found to be less toxic than the reference cement. bacteriologically, blood ag ...	1993	8289021
grouping of oral streptococcal species using fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in comparison with classical microbiological identification.	the grouping and identification made by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir) of 40 oral streptococcal strains was compared with their known taxonomic positions. grouping was obtained by cluster analysis on the spectral distances between the first derivative spectra of the strains. spectra were divided into five spectral 'windows' and cluster analysis was either on either a combination of all five windows or on a selected window. the oral streptococci were divided into two main cluster ...	1993	8297255
isomalto-oligosaccharide-containing lipoteichoic acid of streptococcus sanguis. basic structure.	the lipoteichoic acid of streptococcus sanguis dsm 20567 and of dsm 20068 was isolated by phenol/water extraction and hydrophobic-interaction chromatography. the preparations from both strains have an identical structure: a 1,3-linked poly(glycerophosphate) chain phosphodiester-linked to glc-(alpha 1-2)glc(alpha 1-3)acyl2gro as the lipid anchor. the chain is substituted with d-alanine ester and glycosyl residues which comprise mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl residues with (1-6) ...	1993	8319683
isomalto-oligosaccharide-containing lipoteichoic acid of streptococcus sanguis. microheterogeneity and distribution of chain substituents.	the lipoteichoic acid of streptococcus sanguis dsm 20567 contains a poly(glycerophosphate) chain, with 49% of the glycerophosphate residues being substituted with d-alanine ester, 35% with alpha-d-glucopyranosyl and alpha-isomalto-oligosaccharide residues. analysis of molecular species by affinity chromatography on concanavalin a showed all chains to be substituted and alanine ester and glycosyl residues to be present on the same rather than on separate chains. molecular species varied in the le ...	1993	8319684
[treatment with vancomycin of experimental endocarditis caused by streptococcus sanguis ii resistant to penicillin].	streptococcus viridans continues to be the most frequent causal agent of infective endocarditis. treatment has become more complicated due to the increase in resistance to penicillin and cephalosporins. in order to study the possible efficacy of vancomycin, this antibiotic was investigated in rabbits as a monotherapy and in association with gentamicin. the effects were compared with a control group and a group given classical penicillin-gentamicin treatment.	1993	8324022
in vitro antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide cements on streptococcus sanguis nctc 7864.	several studies have questioned the antimicrobial role of calcium hydroxide cements. this study assessed the antimicrobial activity of four commercially available calcium hydroxide cements on streptococcus sanguis nctc 7864 using inoculated mueller-hinton growth medium. growth curves from optical density analysis, ph measurements, and viability counts were compared over a 24 h period. significant differences occurred (p < 0.05) between ph measurements but not the growth curves or the viability c ...	1993	8330932
a critical appraisal of positive cooperativity in oral streptococcal adhesion: scatchard analyses of adhesion data versus analyses of the spatial arrangement of adhering bacteria.	positive cooperativity is a mechanism proposed to account for the adhesion of bacteria to surfaces. in this paper, two methods that both claim to assess experimentally cooperative phenomena, viz. scatchard analysis of adhesion data (using adhesion to vials) and analysis of the spatial arrangement of adhering cells (using a flow chamber), were compared and critically evaluated. three oral strains were used and the substrata involved were glass (hydrophilic) and silicone-coated glass (hydrophobic) ...	1993	8336110
mechanisms of platelet aggregation by streptococcus sanguis, a causative organism in infective endocarditis.	the ability of certain strains of streptococcus sanguis to aggregate human platelets in vitro may be related to their virulence in the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis. we have studied the mechanisms of aggregation of human platelets by s. sanguis strain nctc 7863. platelet aggregation follows incubation of s. sanguis cells with platelet-rich plasma from normal, healthy adults, after a lag of 7-19 min. platelet aggregation was accompanied by 5-hydroxytryptamine release and thromboxane b2 p ...	1993	8338784
differential expression of salivary mucin bacterial aggregating activity with caries status.	1. the low and high mol. wt mucin forms were isolated from saliva of caries-resistant (cr) and caries-susceptible (cs) individuals, and assessed for their bacterial aggregating potential towards s. mutans and s. sanguis, the common cariogenic microorganisms encountered in the oral cavity. 2. the high mol. wt mucin from both groups of subjects exhibited similar protein and carbohydrate content, but the level of covalently bound fatty acids was significantly lower in the cr group. the mucin from c ...	1993	8344449
characterization of allelic replacement in streptococcus parasanguis: transformation and homologous recombination in a 'nontransformable' streptococcus.	we have obtained transformants of streptococcus parasanguis fw213 containing allelic replacements in several chromosomal loci. transformation occurred following electroporation with nonreplicating plasmids carrying two antibiotic-resistance-encoding genes, one of which is inserted into dna homologous to the chromosomal target. in contrast with other streptococci, s. parasanguis fw213 is not transformed by linear dna. mutations in nonreplicating plasmid dna preferentially replaced their homologue ...	1993	8344531
transmission of mutans streptococci to infants following short term application of an iodine-naf solution to mothers' dentition.	in a randomized clinical trial, six applications of an i2-naf or a placebo solution were administered to the mothers' dentition at the time of tooth emergence of her infant, to evaluate its effect on transmission of mutans streptococci (ms) to the infant. ms and other bacterial levels were periodically monitored in 48 mother-infant pairs until the child's third birthday. there were significant reductions in maternal salivary ms (p = 0.04), lactobacilli (p = 0.04), total streptococci (p = 0.002), ...	1993	8348786
in vitro study of the penetration of three bacterial strains into root dentine.	the purpose of this study was to assess in vitro migration of the following three bacterial species into dentinal tubules: streptococcus sanguis, actinomyces naeslundii and prevotella intermedia. twenty-seven bovine incisors were randomly divided into three groups. only the root dentin was used for the experiment. within each group, the nine incisors were sectioned into 36 dentin blocks that were incubated with one of the tested bacterial suspensions. twelve samples were taken after 10, 20, and ...	1993	8351128
[a case of infective endocarditis in which a new vegetation appeared on a different site during chemotherapy].	42-year-old man, who had been febrile for about a month, was admitted to our hospital. laboratory testing showed leukocytosis and high titer of crp. streptococcus sanguis ii was detected in his blood culture. according to the echocardiogram, he had a vegetation on the anterior mitral leaflet, so he was diagnosed as having infective endocarditis. antibiotic susceptibility test using the disc method showed (3+) response to penicillin g. after intravenous administration of 20 million units of penic ...	1993	8351441
a simple method for monitoring mutans streptococci in margins of restorations.	plaque material collected from margins of restorations using a sharp toothpick was streaked across one and the same plastic strip from a commercially available test kit and inoculated in a liquid medium containing bacitracin. the reproducibility of the method was good. the method is simple, inexpensive and suitable for the chairside demonstration of the colonization of mutans streptococci in localized areas of the mouth, such as margins of restorations.	1993	8354746
bacteria reactive to plaque-toxin-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are related to the severity of gingivitis at the sampled site.	certain monoclonal antibodies (mabs) neutralize the inhibition of hl60 cell growth by bacterial plaque extracts. the aim of this study was to enumerate and identify the bacteria reactive to these mabs at sites where periodontal disease was measured by gingival index, pocket depth and attachment loss. the bacterial colonies were grown on blood agar and the colonies counted directly and after immunoblotting. sites that bled on probing (n = 15) had a mean of 3.35% mab-positive colonies (sem = 0.52% ...	1993	8355987
unexpectedly high levels of some presumably protective secretory immunoglobulin a antibodies to dental plaque bacteria in salivas of both caries-resistant and caries-susceptible subjects.	the role of salivary antibodies in protection against cariogenic bacteria is actually a matter of debate. correlation between caries experience and naturally occurring antibodies was extensively investigated. comparison of salivary antibodies from 21 caries-resistant and 22 caries-susceptible subjects was carried out by using a new quantitative method. secretory immunoglobulin a (s-iga) antibodies to streptococcus sobrinus and streptococcus sanguis cells were detected in all salivas and at simil ...	1993	8359882
[a case of brain abscess due to streptococcus sanguis in association with multiple pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas].	a case is reported here of brain abscess due to streptococcus sanguis in association with multiple pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas. a 19-year-old male who had been diagnosed in 1988 as pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas was admitted to our hospital for repeated epistaxis, headache, and vomiting. a brain abscess which was diagnosed using various roentogenologic examinations, worsened despite conservative therapy. additional surgical drainage was performed; s. sanguis was isolated from the drainage ...	1993	8360524
cytotoxic and antibacterial effects of orthodontic appliances.	the cytotoxic and antibacterial effects of orthodontic appliances were assessed. metallic devices used in orthodontics, such as molar bands, brackets, and archwires were tested by the agar overlay cytotoxicity test with mouse fibroblast cells. the same devices were tested for antibacterial effect with streptococcus mutans and s. sanguis. the multicomponent devices, which are bonded with silver- and copper-based brazing alloys, were more cytotoxic than the single-component devices, probably becau ...	1993	8362202
identity of viridans streptococci isolated from cases of infective endocarditis.	the oral streptococci have undergone considerable taxonomic revision in recent years but there is still little information concerning associations between the newly defined species and disease. this study examined the identities of 47 strains of oral streptococci collected from 42 confirmed cases of infective endocarditis. by means of recently described physiological schemes, the most common species identified were streptococcus sanguis sensu stricto (31.9%), s. oralis (29.8%) and s. gordonii (1 ...	1993	8366515
effect of thrombocytopenia on the early course of streptococcal endocarditis.	although platelets are a major factor in the pathogenesis of endocarditis, it is unclear if these cells promote or limit disease progression. to address this issue, the effects of thrombocytopenia on the early course of endovascular infection were examined. aortic valve endocarditis was produced in rabbits by using streptococcus sanguis m99. thrombocytopenia was induced by intravenous administration of antiplatelet serum. compared with controls (infected rabbits given nonimmune serum), thrombocy ...	1993	8376837
the effects of triclosan and zinc citrate, alone and in combination, on a community of oral bacteria grown in vitro.	a mixed-culture chemostat system has been used as a more stringent laboratory system for evaluation of the antimicrobial effects of triclosan and zinc citrate. the inhibitors were added alone, and in combination, as a pulse (a high initial inhibitor concentration which decreased with time) or as a dose (concentration of inhibitor increased with time) to give maximum concentrations of 34.5 mumol/l triclosan and 39.8 mumol/l zinc citrate. when dosed, triclosan inhibited a. viscosus and all five gr ...	1993	8380287
nucleotide sequence analysis of the termini and chromosomal locus involved in site-specific integration of the streptococcal conjugative transposon tn5252.	the 47-kb, broad-host-range, streptococcal conjugative transposon tn5252 is capable of site-specific integration into the pneumococcal chromosome. we present the nucleotide sequence of the terminal regions of the transposon and its target site in the pneumococcal genome. no inverted repeats were found at the termini of the transposon. a 72-bp region of the target was present on either side following the insertion of tn5252 and appeared to serve as a signal for its integration and excision. the d ...	1993	8386725