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antimicrobial resistance in shigella species isolated in dakar, senegal (2004-2006).from may 2004 to october 2006, a prospective study was carried out in dakar, senegal, to update information about the antimicrobial susceptibility of shigella spp. isolated from stool specimens. among the 165 non-duplicate strains collected, 81 (49%) were identified as shigella flexneri, 75 (45%) as shigella sonnei, 5 (3%) as shigella boydii, and 4 (2%) as shigella dysenteriae. disk diffusion testing revealed that the majority of isolates were resistant to sulphonamides, trimethoprim-sulfamethox ...200818653976
[antigenic polysaccharides of bacteria: 41. structures of the o-specific polysaccharides of shigella dysenteriae types 4 and 5 revised by nmr spectroscopy].the earlier established structures of the acidic o-specific polysaccharides from two typical strains of the shigella dysenteriae bacterium were revised using modern nmr spectroscopy techniques. in particular, the configurations of the glycosidic linkages of glcnac (s. dysenteriae type 4) and mannose (s. dysenteriae type 5) residues were corrected. in addition, the location of the sites of nonstoichiometric o-acetylation in s. dysenteriae type 4 was determined: the lateral fucose residue was show ...200818695724
risk areas and neighborhood-level risk factors for shigella dysenteriae 1 and shigella flexneri.annually, there are 165 million cases of shigellosis resulting in 1.1 million deaths in the developing world. two species of the causative agent, shigella dysenteriae 1 and shigella flexneri, are responsible for acute diarrheal illness. vaccines are being developed against both but many questions remain about the disease burden, distribution of species in space and time, and community-level risk factors. this study answers two questions. what are the differences in neighborhood-level risk factor ...200817602851
[hemolytic and uremic syndrome in the child].hemolytic and uremic syndrome (hus) is characterized by the association of hemolytic anemia with sckizocytes, thrombopenia and renal involvement secondary to thrombotic microangiopathy. the typical form is the most frequent in children occurring after an episode of diarrhea caused by escherichia coli. other microorganisms may be responsible for hus such as shigella dysenteriae or streptococcus pneumoniae. acute renal failure is reversible in most cases, but long-term renal sequelae are seen in o ...200817964233
priming of cd4+ t cells with porin of shigella dysenteriae activates the cells toward type 1 polarization.macrophages treated with porin of shigella dysenteriae were potent stimulators of naive t(h) cells since the porin-pulsed macrophages strongly proliferated the t cells and up-regulated the activation molecules cd69 and cd25 on cd4(+) t cells in allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction. immunization of c57bl/6 mice with porin selectively induced the intracellular expression and release of ifn-gamma and had no effect on il-4 expression. in parallel to the predominant release of the t(h)1 cytokine ifn-g ...200818003602
shiga toxin 1 induces apoptosis through the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in human monocytic cells.shiga toxins (stxs) expressed by the enteric pathogens shigella dysenteriae 1 and enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli are potent protein synthesis inhibitors. shiga toxins have also been shown to induce apoptosis in epithelial, endothelial and monocytic cells. the precise relationship between protein synthesis inhibition and induction of apoptosis is not known. we show that stimulation of the myelogenous leukaemia cell line thp-1 with purified stx1 induced the endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress r ...200818005243
synthesis, antimicrobial and antiinflammatory activity of 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles.in the present study, 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (3a-o) have been synthesized by the condensation of 4-methoxybenzohydrazide (1) with different aromatic acids (2a-o) in presence of phosphoryl chloride. the structural assignment of this compound (3a-o) has been made on the basis of elemental analysis, uv, ir, (1)h nmr and mass spectral data. the synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro growth inhibiting activity against different strains of bacteria and fungi viz., staphylo ...200820390080
comparative study of leaf and stem bark extracts of parkia biglobosa against enterobacteria.hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts of leaf and stem bark of parkia biglobosa (jacq) benth. (mimosaceae) were tested against clinical isolates escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, shigella dysenteriae and enterococcus faecalis, and corresponding collection strains e. coli cip 105 182, salmonella enterica cip 105 150, shigella dysenteriae cip 54-51 and enterococcus faecalis cip 103 907. discs of gentamicin, a broad spectrum antibiotic were used as positive controls. the results showed that all the ...200820161943
porin-incorporated liposome induces toll-like receptors 2- and 6-dependent maturation and type 1 response of dendritic cell.porin of shigella dysenteriae was incorporated in liposome (pil) and presented to mouse splenic dendritic cells (dc). pil up-regulated toll-like receptor (tlr) 2 and tlr6 on dc, showing that co-expression of the two tlrs is involved in recognition of porin. detection of myeloid differentiating factor 88 (myd88)-tlr2 complex confirmed interaction between the two for triggering the downstream signaling, which ultimately led to tlr2-dependent nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa b. pil-ind ...200818931363
antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities of amblyone isolated from amorphophallus campanulatus.to assess the in vitro antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities of amblyone, a triterpenoid isolated from amorphophallus campanulatus (roxb).200821264161
[ki-1 large cell lymphoma with secondary xanthomatous infiltration of the lesions by chemotherapy]. 20082575882
bilateral torsion of the normal ovary and oviduct in a young girl. 20082643670
bilateral torsion of the normal ovary and oviduct in a young girl. 20082643670
wisc-r stability and re-evaluation of learning-disabled students.this study investigated the temporal stability of wisc-r iq scores for learning-disabled subjects (n = 113). all study subjects were administered the wisc-r for an initial evaluation (m age = 8 years, 3 months) and a follow-up re-evaluation (m age = 11 years, 7 months). pearson product-moment correlations yielded coefficients that were considerably lower than those previously reported: r = .55, p less than .001 for the verbal iqs; r = .63, p less than .001 for the performance iqs; and r = .58, p ...20082613906
measles vaccine. 20082602773
fine needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer and thyroid disease.fine needle aspiration biopsy (fnab) performed for diffuse and nodular goiter in the past 5 years, was evaluated in 1399 cases. surgery was performed on the basis of fnab cytologic diagnosis that was positive or suggestive of malignancy and/or a suggestive clinical history. surgery also was performed in cases of cold nodules with negative fnab results that did not respond to 6 months of suppressive thyroxine therapy. a correlation of cytologic findings with histologic findings was possible in 41 ...20083815295
[diagnosis of celiac disease]. 20083614409
[evaluation of results of school health examination in the murcia region. 1986/87].in the present study, we have carried out an evaluation of school examinations in 47,943 children in the past course. we have compared our results with those from similar previous studies in other parts of spain. our findings were comparable in visual acuity and scoliosis, and not so much about cryptorchidism and phimosis. we think that examinations are necessary, but it is needed to increase the quality and the effectiveness, to get closer to the knowledge of usefulness and to the correct evalu ...20082518932
[cardiac tamponade as the first manifestation of cancer].we report 3 patients having cardiac tamponade as the initial presentation of cancer. at the onset of symptoms all three patients were incorrectly diagnosed. pulsus paradoxus and cardiomegaly on the chest x-ray were the main clinical features. two dimensional echocardiography was vital revealing massive pericardial effusion with diastolic right atrial and ventricular collapse. all patients had bloody pericardial fluid removed and the histopathology of the metastatic pericardial tissue showed lung ...20082519419
a mucin containing the x, y, and h type 2 carbohydrate determinants is shed by carcinoma cells.monoclonal antibody br 15-6a directed to the y carbohydrate determinant (fuc alpha 1----2gal beta 1----4glcnac(3----1fuc) beta 1----3gal beta 1----4glc beta 1----1cer) reacted with the cell surface and conditioned media of colorectal and breast carcinoma cell lines. double determinant immunoassays using br 15-6a as detector antibody showed that the y determinant is part of a high molecular weight mucin that coexpressed other carbohydrate antigens based on a type 2 chain (x, h type 2). type 1 cha ...20082442094
[study of the blink reflex in spinocerebellar degeneration].blink reflex (br) was composed of r1 and r2. r1 is considered to indicate the brainstem function. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the brainstem function of spinocerebellar degeneration (scd) by the r1 latency (r1). br was evoked by the percutaneous stimulation of supraorbital nerve. and r1 was measured by the action potential of orbucularis oculi muscle. direct response was recorded by the percutaneous stimulation of facial nerve to determine the terminal latency of facial nerve (d). b ...20082364628
[family dynamics of psychosocially disturbed adolescents].using a personality centered method psycho-socially disturbed adolescents aged between 17 and 22 years were treated by the intended dynamic group psychotherapy. an attempt was made to include the family in the care, which succeeded in 2/3 of the cases. the observations of the family dynamics are presented as follows: 1. a description of the dependence behaviour; 2. a phenomenologic description of disintegrating or rigid family structures; 3. the significance for therapeutic aims and prognosis is ...20082816551
[development of partner relations in very young mothers].a study was made on the development of partner relationships among adolescent mothers over a period of two years from the day of delivery onwards. from ascertained that there was still "definite marriage intention" or that the partners were interviewed at the maternity ward of the rostock county hospital and their data was compared with that of a control group of primiparae mothers (delivery age: 20-22y.). 73% of the partnerships of adolescent mothers with the child's father that existed at the ...20082816549
evaluation of children with possible appendicitis using technetium 99m leukocyte scan.we evaluated the use of technetium 99m albumin colloid white blood cell (tac-wbc) scan in 33 children with possible appendicitis. ten children had appendicitis, four of whom had perforated their appendix at the time of surgery. children with appendicitis differed from children without appendicitis in the incidence of right lower quadrant rebound tenderness (60% vs 17.4%), and white blood cell count (x10(3)/mm3) (14.0 + 1.9 vs 10.7 +/- 1.0). tac-wbc scans were interpreted as either positive, nega ...20082330248
the differential efficacy of antihypertensive agents in the elderly.a number of controlled trials have shown that antihypertensive therapy is beneficial to the elderly (greater than or equal to 60 years of age). even so, there may be deleterious age-related effects associated with such therapy. because of physiological and pathophysiological problems peculiar to the elderly (many of which remain to be defined precisely), both benefits and untoward effects of antihypertensive drugs differ, sometimes within classes of agents themselves. none of the traditional age ...20082258887
[foreign bodies of the digestive tract]. 20082259119
[a germ cell tumor of an ectopic testis in polyorchidism]. 20082547104
cadmium and lead accumulation by goldfish exposed to aqueous refuse incinerator fly ash leachate. 20082597788
ifn-treated neuroblastoma cell lines remain resistant to t cell-mediated allo-killing, and susceptible to non-mhc-restricted cytotoxicity.neuroblastoma cell lines can have very low mhc ag expression. the cell lines are insensitive to allo-killing by primed ctl, but are sensitive to non-mhc-restricted cytotoxicity. ifn-gamma increased class i expression, but the cells remained insensitive to ctl. susceptibility to nonrestricted effectors was preserved. class i+ glioma cell lines behaved similarly. the ctl resistance was localized to the recognition phase. neuroblastoma lines did not form conjugates with primed t cells, but were lys ...20082459235
ct of intra-abdominal fluid collections.a wide variety of fluids including ascites, blood, pus, urine, bile, lymph, chyle, mucin, and cerebrospinal fluid can accumulate within the peritoneal and pelvic cavities. the location, appearance, and distribution of this fluid is governed by a number of anatomic and gravitational factors that when carefully analyzed, can help to reveal their source and etiology. computed tomography is ideally suited to document the presence of abdominal and pelvic fluid collections; display their location and ...20082657846
recent advances in gastrointestinal malignancy. 20082686527
recent advances in gastrointestinal malignancy. 20082686527
[clinical-experimental examinations on phonetic function in edentulous patients and after insertion of total prostheses measured by the s-sound realization].lose of teeth and therapy by prosthesis interfering with the oral sectors that are necessary for s-sound articulation have an important influence on s-sound realization. hitherto, the resulting s-sound changes used to be evaluated only from a subjective point of view. the application of a complex measuring technique for s-sound analysis permitted to determine the influence of the upper and lower jaw plates on s-sound formation by experiments. in another series of experiments, it was shown that e ...20082640388
[use of the polymorphism of flanking dna probes with respect to the xq-27 region in a great fragile x pedigree].we analyzed the segregation between fragile site xq 27 and flanking polymorphic probes (52a, for factor 9, 4d-8, for factor 8, st14 and mn12) in a great xq-fra pedigree. on the basis of these data, the use of these probes is discussed in view of its value as a diagnostic tool.20082740689
altered queuine modification of transfer rna involved in the in vitro transformation of chinese hamster embryo cells.altered queuine modification of trna has been correlated to neoplastic transformation, but no direct cause and effect relationship has been defined. in the present study, a potential role for this alteration has been assigned. the trna in normal chinese hamster embryo cells is significantly more queuine modified than the trna in their transformed chinese hamster embryo counterparts, even though the specific activity of the queuine modification enzyme is much lower in chinese hamster embryo cells ...20082582452
regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation by interferons. 20082581554
intraspinal opioids: implications for monitoring. monitoring in the intensive care unit is essential.patients receiving intraspinal opiates should be monitored in the intensive care unit for at least 24 hours to prevent potentially lethal outcomes. these include respiratory depression caused by sequestration of the morphine in the cerebrospinal fluid and migration of epidural catheters in the subarachnoid or intravascular space. at this time, most hospitals are not equipped or staffed adequately to guarantee the safety of these patients outside the intensive care unit.20082570133
[differential indications, surgical technics and follow-up treatment concepts of elbow joint surgery in polyarthritis]. 20082576707
the effect of an aversive event on the return of fear.an experiment on the return-of-fear (rof) was carried out on 40 snake- or spider-phobic subjects in order to determine whether an arousing event that occurs shortly before retest influences the magnitude of the rof. additionally, we attempted to produce a reinstatement of fear by introducing an unrelated aversive event (shock) after the fear had been reduced. the arousal manipulation successfully increased subjective arousal but not heartrate responsiveness. the increases in subjective arousal w ...20082573336
[university clinics: yesterday, today, tomorrow]. 20083832205
accommodative hysteresis: influence on closed loop measures of far point and near point.the study examined accommodative hysteresis under closed loop viewing conditions. after sustained focus for 8 min at either the far-point (fp) or near-point (np) of accommodation, subjects exhibited hysteresis-like shifts in tonic accommodation, ie, dark focus (df), in the direction of the fixation target. measurement of np and fp before and after the focusing period showed that only the position of the np was significantly influenced, in a direction matching that of the df. the np shifted outwa ...20083610542
[photocoagulation with krypton laser of subretinal vessels in macular degeneration related to age. long-term results (apropos of 100 cases)]. 20082440603
short-term structured treatment for avoidant personality disorder.forty-two men and 34 women (mean age 27.5 years) who met dsm-iii criteria for avoidant personality disorder were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment conditions or to a waiting-list control group. treatment ss who participated in a 10-week group treatment program displayed significantly greater improvement on a variety of self-report and behavioral measures than did untreated control subjects. the inclusion of skills-training procedures did not contribute to the effects of graduated exposure pr ...20082600246
critical care medicine: activities, advances, and implications for infection control. 20082271151
structural aspects of pathology in alzheimer's disease.the characteristic lesions of alzheimer's disease, neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques, are the sites of accumulation of abnormal fibrillar material. the structure of the paired helical filament from tangles has been analysed by electron microscopy and biochemical studies have shown that it contains microtubule associated protein tau as a component. fibrils of beta-amyloid in the neuritic plaque arise by polymerization of a small proteolytic fragment of a much larger precursor protein. ...20082268679
tongue flaps in repair of large palatal defects.anteriorly based dorsal tongue flaps were used in 19 cleft patients for closing large palatal defects. the procedure was successful in 17 patients. one patient had partial marginal necrosis after division of the pedicle, while another had complete necrosis of the distal part of the flap. our results support the view that for success of the procedure, adequate length, width and thickness of the flap are important, while the height of the palate also plays a role.20082509583
polysplenia in a fetus with bradycardia from 26 to 36 weeks' gestation, complex cardiac malformations, and heart block.polysplenia is one of several splenic anomalies. frequently, as in the case presented here, significant cardiac anomalies coexist. these cardiac malformations determine the clinical course. in this case, early death was expected and occurred. this patient is different from others described in the literature in that persistent fetal bradycardia was noted at 26 weeks' gestation.20082276938
parathyroid gland disease and hypercalcemia. 20072223448
parathyroid gland disease and hypercalcemia. 20072223448
methotrexate as an adjunct in the treatment of persistent mild cardiac allograft rejection.because methotrexate arrests inflammation in autoimmune disease, we studied its efficacy in persistent low-grade cardiac allograft rejection. seventeen patients aged 39.5 +/- 0.9 years (mean +/- se) had persistent rejection despite previous therapy with high dose corticosteroids. maintenance immunosuppression consisted of prednisone, azathioprine, and cyclosporine. the rejection episode treated with methotrexate occurred 180 +/- 55.4 days posttransplantation. patients had incurred 2.7 +/- 0.3 pr ...20072238053
methotrexate as an adjunct in the treatment of persistent mild cardiac allograft rejection.because methotrexate arrests inflammation in autoimmune disease, we studied its efficacy in persistent low-grade cardiac allograft rejection. seventeen patients aged 39.5 +/- 0.9 years (mean +/- se) had persistent rejection despite previous therapy with high dose corticosteroids. maintenance immunosuppression consisted of prednisone, azathioprine, and cyclosporine. the rejection episode treated with methotrexate occurred 180 +/- 55.4 days posttransplantation. patients had incurred 2.7 +/- 0.3 pr ...20072238053
[anxiety and the presence of the father at childbirth].the authors give a report of a follow-up the anxiety of 363 couples whereby the husband decided to be present at the childbirth and took part in the childbirth preparation courses. the anxiety state and anxiety trait in men was found to be significantly lower than in women. the data of women were compared to a matched control group consisting of 135 pregnant women. in cases where the husband was present at childbirth the anxiety state and anxiety trait of the women was considerably lower than in ...20072652033
nonsquamous tumors of the head and neck in the geriatric population.thyroid tumors, salivary gland tumors, and non-hodgkin's lymphoma are described. psychosocial issues involving the geriatric patient are discussed. case reports of a number of geriatric tumor patients are included.20072074986
insulin and blood pressure regulation.epidemiological evidence suggests that there is a close association between obesity, non-insulin-dependent diabetes (niddm) and hypertension. obesity and niddm are the classical insulin-resistant states. even in the absence of these conditions, essential hypertension is associated with insulin resistance. in view of the acute effects of insulin on renal sodium reabsorption, the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, the transmembranous cation transport, the cardiov ...20072043223
retention of a functional resact receptor in isolated sperm plasma membranes.resact, a peptide obtained from eggs, causes a change in the mr, and a loss of 32p from a plasma membrane protein identified as guanylate cyclase. here, a resact analog (125i-[tyr1, ser8] resact) was synthesized and shown to bind to isolated sperm membranes. resact, but not speract, competed with the radiolabeled ligand for binding. when membranes were prepared under appropriate conditions, guanylate cyclase remained at mr 160,000; the incubation of membranes with gamma-32p-atp resulted in the f ...20072870813
retention of a functional resact receptor in isolated sperm plasma membranes.resact, a peptide obtained from eggs, causes a change in the mr, and a loss of 32p from a plasma membrane protein identified as guanylate cyclase. here, a resact analog (125i-[tyr1, ser8] resact) was synthesized and shown to bind to isolated sperm membranes. resact, but not speract, competed with the radiolabeled ligand for binding. when membranes were prepared under appropriate conditions, guanylate cyclase remained at mr 160,000; the incubation of membranes with gamma-32p-atp resulted in the f ...20072870813
inner city psychiatry. 20071932958
which patients see a rheumatologist? swracr (south western regional advisory committee on rheumatology).rheumatology outpatient consultations were recorded throughout the south western regional health authority for one month. of 2987 consultations (equivalent to 32,600 annually), 630 (21%) were new referrals who waited 60 days (mode) before their consultation. rheumatoid arthritis and polyarthritis accounted for 43% of new referrals and 75% of follow-up patients. for these categories, 6.5 follow-up patients were seen for each new referral, but this ratio varied from 3.7 to 11.7. other diagnoses al ...20071863825
effectiveness of fortnightly tooth brushing with amine fluorides in caries-prone subjects.the aim of this study was to assess the caries incidence and plaque accumulation in schoolchildren at caries risk, after brushing the teeth fortnightly with gels containing 0, 0.4% f, 1.25% f as amine fluoride (amf) or the common amine fluoride toothpaste containing 0.125% f. the study was conducted double blind over an 18-month period, and after 6 months discontinuation of brushing. only the group that brushed with the 1.25% amf gel showed a significant decrease in caries development compared t ...20071890532
development of nephrology nursing care in europe: 1978-1988.nephrology nursing care in europe has been accelerated by medical and technical advances. nurses are becoming more and more involved in decision-making processes as opposed to the traditional serving role. this article analyzes some aspects responsible for these changes in europe from 1978-1988 and how nephrology nurses adapted to these developments.20072658872
[infectious endocarditis]. 20071855806
total hip arthroplasty after fracture of the acetabulum. long-term results.we made a retrospective study of 55 primary total hip arthroplasties in 53 patients with a history of previous acetabular fracture. the mean follow-up was 7.5 years and the average age at fracture was 48.7 years. the incidence of radiographic femoral loosening (29.4%), symptomatic loosening (15.7%), and femoral revision (7.8%) were similar to those previously reported at 10 years for routine arthroplasties by stauffer (1982). on the acetabular side, the incidence of radiographic loosening (52.9% ...20072211750
normal early pregnancy: serum hcg levels and vaginal ultrasonography findings.vaginal sonography and determination of serum hcg levels were carried out in 22 healthy pregnant women every 2 to 4 days after the first positive pregnancy test until a living fetus was observed. gestational age was calculated from the day of ovulation, assessed by lh surge or hcg administration, plus 14 days. a gestational sac of 1-3 mm was detected at a mean (sem) of 31.2 (0.2) days of gestation (range 30-33 days). the corresponding mean hcg level was 730 iu/l (30) and the range 467-935 iu/l ( ...20072223680
normal early pregnancy: serum hcg levels and vaginal ultrasonography findings.vaginal sonography and determination of serum hcg levels were carried out in 22 healthy pregnant women every 2 to 4 days after the first positive pregnancy test until a living fetus was observed. gestational age was calculated from the day of ovulation, assessed by lh surge or hcg administration, plus 14 days. a gestational sac of 1-3 mm was detected at a mean (sem) of 31.2 (0.2) days of gestation (range 30-33 days). the corresponding mean hcg level was 730 iu/l (30) and the range 467-935 iu/l ( ...20072223680
tissue integration of a12o3-ceramic dental implants (frialit)--a case report.the tissue intraosseous integration of a12o3-ceramic dental implants (frialit) is studied in a patient case, where an implant-fracture made it necessary to remove the implant from a patient's jaw. the surgical removing of the apical part of the implant with the use of a trepan bur made it possible to examine and visualize histologically and microradiographically the tissue adjacent to the implant. the results of both the histological and microradiographical studies showed that a good healing and ...20072374995
age- and sex-specific cycles in united states suicides, 1973 to 1985.total us suicides peak on the first day of each week, in the first week of each month, and in the late spring of each year. although these cycles are assumed to characterize all us suicides, analyses by age and sex show that the cycles occur only in a few subpopulations. day-of-the-week effects are found almost exclusively in middle-aged suicides; day-of-the-month effects are found almost exclusively in elderly male suicides; and month-of-the-year effects asre found almost exclusively in teenage ...20071951813
'occupational hazards to dental staff'. 20071804266
perfusion characteristics of hepatic cavernous hemangioma using intravenous ct angiography (ivcta).thirty-three patients with 35 proven hepatic cavernous hemangiomas (hch) were studied with intravenous ct angiography (ivcta). 15 scans were performed during the first 30 s after bolus (6 ml/s) injection of 50 ml iodinated contrast material. thereafter 2 scans/min were obtained up to 30 min. three criteria were utilized at ivcta to make a specific diagnosis of hch: (1) detection of an intense mural nodular enhancement in the arterial phase. the density in the nodular region(s) should have a dens ...20071855518
bacteriological methods in diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. 20073771495
esophageal function and dysfunction. 20071951923
distinction of mesothelioma from carcinoma in pleural effusions. an immunocytochemical study on routinely processed cytoblock preparations.the study was designed to find out whether the commercially available antibodies bma 130 c, bma 120, v 9, kl 1, b 72.3 tag, hea 125 and ber-ep 4 would be of help in distinguishing carcinomas from a mesothelial process (mesothelioma/pleuritis) in pleural effusion specimens routinely processed by the cytoblock method. all of the 20 carcinomas included in the study but also 19 of the 20 mesotheliomas expressed cytokeratin (kl 1), whereas vimentin expression was found in 7 of the 20 carcinomas and 1 ...20071876528
body mass index variations: centiles from birth to 87 years.this report provides body mass index (weight/height2) values for the french population from birth to the age of 87 years. bmi curves increase during the first year, decrease until the age of 6, increase again up to 65 years and decrease thereafter. these variations reflect the total changes of fat body mass during life. the 50th centile values of wt/ht2 at the ages of 20, 40, 60, 80 years are 21.5, 24.6, 25.4, 24.4 kg/m2 for men and 20.6, 22.6, 24.1, 23.4 kg/m2 for women. the values for the 3rd, ...20071855495
high-voltage electrical injury: acute pathophysiology.a reproducible high-voltage electrical injury model was established in the primate using a new approach to energy administration, measurement instrumentation, and data acquisition. patterns of current repartition and temperature generation were examined in 24 primates. the predominant current load was carried in muscle, which is the tissue group occupying the largest cross-sectional area. highest temperature values observed were in muscles of small cross-sectional diameter and in tissues of high ...20073351227
role of ceramide as a lipid mediator of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3-induced hl-60 cell differentiation.the treatment of hl-60 myelocytic leukemia cells with 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 (1,25-(oh)2d3) resulted in the activation of a neutral sphingomyelinase and in sphingomyelin turnover (okazaki, t., bell, r., and hannun, y. (1989) j. biol. chem. 264, 19076-19080). in this paper, the effects of 1,25-(oh)2d3 on the product of sphingomyelin hydrolysis, ceramide, and the possible function of ceramide as a lipid mediator of the effects of 1,25-(oh)2d3 on hl-60 cell differentiation were investigated ...20072394750
[derivative spectroscopy and its use in sanitary hygiene control].an analytical method is developed for defining the residual quantities of rodenticide "brodifacoum" (talon) used in the control of harmful field rodents and especially for species microtus. the method is based on extracting the pesticide with chloroform and making use of spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet field in intervals 340-240 nm. the second derivative of the absorption is utilized as well as the band with maximum 288 nm and minimum 228 nm. the peak height in this interval is in proportio ...20072099444
shiga toxin induces tubular membrane invaginations for its uptake into cells.clathrin seems to be dispensable for some endocytic processes and, in several instances, no cytosolic coat protein complexes could be detected at sites of membrane invagination. hence, new principles must in these cases be invoked to account for the mechanical force driving membrane shape changes. here we show that the gb3 (glycolipid)-binding b-subunit of bacterial shiga toxin induces narrow tubular membrane invaginations in human and mouse cells and model membranes. in cells, tubule occurrence ...200718046403
[identification of closely related bacteria via phylogenetic methods].to differentiate closely related pathogenic bacteria via phylogenetic method on the basis of gyrb gene sequences.200718067224
antibacterial activity of some 3-(arylideneamino)-2-phenylquinazoline-4(3h)-ones: synthesis and preliminary qsar studies.synthesis of ten 3-(arylideneamino)-2-phenylquinazoline-4(3h)-ones is reported. all the compounds contained a common phenyl group at the 2-position, while the substituents on the arylideneamino group were varied. the compounds were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus 6571 and bacillus subtilis) and gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli k12 and shigella dysenteriae 6) using a turbidometric assay method. it was found that the incorpora ...200717978766
in vitro activity of cefadroxil, cephalexin, cefatrizine and cefpirome in presence of essential and trace elements.evidences supporting the introduction of metallic elements in several biological processes are rapidly accumulating. likewise, many drugs possess modified toxicological and pharmacological properties when in the form of metal complexes. in order to ascertain the role of various essential and trace element complexation on the antibacterial activity of various cephalosporins, the synergistic or antagonistic behavior of cefadroxil, cephalexin, cefatrizine and cefpirome in presence of essential and ...200717604254
core-linked lps expression of shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 o-antigen in live salmonella typhi vaccine vector ty21a: preclinical evidence of immunogenicity and protection.shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (s. dysenteriae 1) causes severe shigellosis that is typically associated with high mortality. antibodies against shigella serotype-specific o-polysaccharide (o-ps) have been shown to be host protective. in this study, the rfb locus and the rfp gene with their cognate promoter regions were pcr-amplified from s. dysenteriae 1, cloned, and sequenced. deletion analysis showed that eight rfb orfs plus rfp are necessary for biosynthesis of this o-ps. a tandemly-linked ...200717629369
brucella abortus requires the heme transporter bhua for maintenance of chronic infection in balb/c mice.the gene annotated bab2_1150 in the brucella abortus 2308 genome sequence is predicted to encode a homolog of the well-characterized heme transporter shua of shigella dysenteriae and accordingly has been given the designation bhua (brucella heme utilization). phenotypic analysis of an isogenic bhua mutant derived from b. abortus 2308 verified that there is a link between bhua and the ability of the parent strain to use heme as an iron source in in vitro assays. maximum expression of bhua in b. a ...200717709407
effect of the nonreducing end of shigella dysenteriae type 1 o-specific oligosaccharides on their immunogenicity as conjugates in mice.endemic and epidemic shigellosis, an acute invasive disease of the lower intestines, afflicts millions of people worldwide with an estimated one million fatalities per annum at a low infectious dose. our approach to vaccine development against shigella is based on the hypothesis that serum igg antibodies to the o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) domains of the lps of these organisms confer protection to infection. the synthetic oligosaccharides corresponding to the tetrasaccharide repeating unit o ...200717726093
close relation of the o-polysaccharide structure of escherichia coli o168 and revised structure of the o-polysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae type 4.the o-polysaccharide was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of escherichia coli o168 and studied by chemical analyses and smith degradation along with (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopies. the following structure of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the o-polysaccharide was established: [carbohydrate structure: see text] where 6-o-acetylation of glcnac is partial. reinvestigation of the o-polysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae type 4 established earlier showed it to have the same str ...200717880932
a case of shigellosis with intractable septic shock and convulsions.although shigellosis is a potentially fatal disease that may cause a number of extra-intestinal manifestations, intractable septic shock is an unusual complication. here we describe a 6-month-old infant who developed severe septic shock and convulsions during an episode of dysentery caused by multidrug-resistant shigella dysenteriae. the case presentation demonstrates how shigellosis can lead to rare and potentially misleading complications such as septic shock when not treated adequately and pr ...200717881877
a new alpha-galactosyl-binding protein from the mushroom lyophyllum decastes.a new alpha-galactosyl binding lectin was isolated from the fruiting bodies of the mushroom lyopyllum decastes. it is a homodimer composed of noncovalently-associated monomers of molecular mass 10,276da. the lectin's amino acid sequence was determined by cloning from a cdna library using partial sequences determined by automated edman sequencing and by mass spectrometry of enzyme-derived peptides. the sequence shows no significant homology to any known protein sequence. analysis of carbohydrate ...200717904093
biochemical characterization of dtdp-d-qui4n and dtdp-d-qui4nac biosynthetic pathways in shigella dysenteriae type 7 and escherichia coli o7.o-antigen variation due to the presence of different types of sugars and sugar linkages is important for the survival of bacteria threatened by host immune systems. the o antigens of shigella dysenteriae type 7 and escherichia coli o7 contain 4-(n-acetylglycyl)amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-glucose (d-qui4nglyac) and 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-d-glucose (d-qui4nac), respectively, which are sugars not often found in studied polysaccharides. in this study, we characterized the biosynthetic pathways for dtdp-d-q ...200717905981
holo- and apo-bound structures of bacterial periplasmic heme-binding proteins.an essential component of heme transport in gram-negative bacterial pathogens is the periplasmic protein that shuttles heme between outer and inner membranes. we have solved the first crystal structures of two such proteins, shut from shigella dysenteriae and phut from pseudomonas aeruginosa. both share a common architecture typical of class iii periplasmic binding proteins. the heme binds in a narrow cleft between the n- and c-terminal binding domains and is coordinated by a tyr residue. a comp ...200717925389
serological cross-reactivity of environmental isolates of enterobacter, escherichia, stenotrophomonas, and aerococcus with shigella spp.-specific antisera.using protocols designed for the isolation of shigella from environmental freshwater samples from different regions of bangladesh, 11 bacterial strains giving rise to shigella-like colonies on selective agar plates and showing serological cross-reaction with shigella-specific antisera were isolated. phylogenetic analyses revealed that three of the isolates were most closely related to escherichia coli, four to enterobacter sp., two to stenotrophomonas, and two isolates belonged to the gram-posit ...200717171463
vaccine potential for inactivated shigellae.we used human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (dc) and balb/c mice as models to establish the immunogenic and protective potential of formalin-inactivated shigella spp. incubation of dc with inactivated or live bacteria induced dc maturation and cytokine release. mice immunized orally or intranasally with killed s. flexneri, s. sonnei, or s. dysenteriae developed igg and fecal iga titers to the homologous lps. following respiratory challenge with the live homologous organisms, 80-100% survival ...200717178431
structural and genetic evidence that the escherichia coli o148 o antigen is the precursor of the shigella dysenteriae type 1 o antigen and identification of a glucosyltransferase gene.shigella dysenteriae type 1 is the most virulent serotype of shigella. enterotoxigenic escherichia coli o148 is pathogenic and can cause diarrhoea. the following structure was established for the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the e. coli o148 o antigen: -->3)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-d-glcp-(1-->3)-alpha-d-glcpnac-(1-->. this differs from the structure reported earlier for s. dysenteriae type 1 by having a glucose (glc) residue in place of a galactose (gal) residue. th ...200717185542
antibacterial activity and in vitro anti-tumor activity of the extract of the larvae of the housefly (musca domestica).one of the significant characteristics of traditional chinese medicine is the use of insects, other terrestrial arthropods and their products as drugs. in the present work, the extract of housefly (musca domestica) larvae was studied by an agar well diffusion assay and minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) determination for detection of antimicrobial activity and by mtt assay method to test its in vitro anti-tumor activity. in our studies, the extract inhibited six tested bacterial pathogens ...200717227700
using european travellers as an early alert to detect emerging pathogens in countries with limited laboratory resources.the volume, extent and speed of travel have dramatically increased in the past decades, providing the potential for an infectious disease to spread through the transportation network. by collecting information on the suspected place of infection, existing surveillance systems in industrialized countries may provide timely information for areas of the world without adequate surveillance currently in place. we present the results of a case study using reported cases of shigella dysenteriae serotyp ...200717239228
the catalase reaction of shigella species and its use in rapid screening for epidemic shigella dysenteriae type 1.as epidemic dysentery caused by shigella dysenteriae type 1 is associated with high mortality, early identification of outbreaks is important. since s. dysenteriae type 1 differs from most of the enterobacteriaceae in that it does not produce catalase, a test for catalase may provide a useful screening method. the ability of a catalase test to provide rapid identification of s. dysenteriae type 1 has now been assessed, using isolates of this pathogen from five continents, shigella of other speci ...200717244412
heme inhibits the dna binding properties of the cytoplasmic heme binding protein of shigella dysenteriae (shus).heme uptake and utilization by pathogenic bacteria are critical for virulence and disease, since heme and heme proteins are a major source of iron within the host. although the role of outer membrane heme receptors in this process has been extensively characterized at the genetic and biochemical level, the role of the cytoplasmic heme binding proteins is not yet clear. the shigella dysenteriae cytoplasmic heme binding protein, shus, has previously been shown to promote utilization of heme as an ...200717323920
antimicrobial activity of bacillus subtilis and bacillus pumilus during the fermentation of african locust bean (parkia biglobosa) for soumbala production.to examine predominant isolates of bacillus subtilis and b. pumilus isolated from soumbala for their antimicrobial activity against indicator microorganisms as micrococcus luteus, staphyloccocus aureus, bacillus cereus, enterococus facium, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, shigella dysenteriae, yersinia enterocolitica, aspergillus ochraceus and penicillium roqueforti.200717381739
characterization of the outer membrane receptor shua from the heme uptake system of shigella dysenteriae. substrate specificity and identification of the heme protein ligands.shigella dysenteriae, like many bacterial pathogens, has evolved outer membrane receptor-mediated pathways for the uptake and utilization of heme as an iron source. as a first step toward understanding the mechanism of heme uptake we have undertaken a site-directed mutagenesis, spectroscopic, and kinetic analysis of the outer membrane receptor shua of s. dysenteriae. purification of the outer membrane receptor gave a single band of molecular mass 73 kda on sds-page. initial spectroscopic analysi ...200717387178
detecting low concentrations of shigella sonnei in environmental water samples by pcr.outbreaks of shigella sonnei associated with contaminated water have been reported and methods for the simultaneous detection of shigellae and enteroinvasive escherichia coli in water samples have been developed with detection limits of 10(1)-10(2) cfu ml(-1) of water. because 10(1)-10(2)shigellae can cause disease, a more sensitive detection method as an addition to the existing methods for detection of shigella sonnei in water samples is reported here. initially, 33 shigella sonnei and 72 non- ...200717391373
structural relation of the antigenic polysaccharides of escherichia coli o40, shigella dysenteriae type 9, and e. coli k47.o-polysaccharides were isolated from the lipopolysaccharides of escherichia coli o40 and shigella dysenteriae type 9 and studied by chemical analyses along with (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy. the following new structure of the o-polysaccharide of e. coli o40 was established: -->2)-beta-d-galp-(1-->4)-beta-d-manp-(1-->4)-alpha-d-galp-(1-->3)-beta-d-glcpnac-(1--> theo-polysaccharide structure of s. dysenteriae type 9 established earlier was revised and found to be identical to the reported struc ...200717395169
altered expression of muc2 and muc5ac in response to shigella infection, an in vivo study.infection of mucosal epithelial cells by shigella species leads to an intense and acute inflammatory bowel disease that is characterized by watery diarrhea and purulent discharge. mucin production is a common defense mechanism to protect the underlying mucosa against pathogens. the molecular mechanism(s) underlying mucin induction is unknown in shigellosis. in this study, we have evaluated the relationship between shigella infection, the expression of muc2 and muc5ac and the participation of sig ...200717395379
ryhb, an iron-responsive small rna molecule, regulates shigella dysenteriae virulence.regulation of bacterial gene expression by small rna (srna) molecules is an increasingly recognized phenomenon but one that is not yet fully understood. we show that the srna ryhb suppresses several virulence-associated phenotypes of shigella dysenteriae, a causative agent of bacillary dysentery in humans. the virulence genes repressed by s. dysenteriae ryhb include those encoding the type iii secretion apparatus, its secreted effectors, and specific chaperones. suppression of shigella virulence ...200717438026
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