Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| carbapenem-nonsusceptible enterobacteriaceae in taiwan. | a total of 1135 carbapenem-resistant (nonsusceptible) enterobacteriaceae (cre) isolates were recovered between november 2010 and july 2012 (517 from 2010-2011 and 618 from 2012) from 4 hospitals in taiwan. carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) comprised 5.0% (57 isolates), including 17 kpc-2 (16 klebsiella pneumoniae and 1 escherichia coli), 1 ndm-1 (k. oxytoca), 37 imp-8 (26 enterobacter cloacae, 4 citrobacter freundii, 4 raoultella planticola, 1 k. pneumoniae, 1 e. coli and 1 k. oxy ... | 2015 | 25794144 |
| the ongoing revolution of maldi-tof mass spectrometry for microbiology reaches tropical africa. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry (ms) represents a revolution in routine pathogen identification in clinical microbiology laboratories. a maldi-tof ms was introduced to tropical africa in the clinical microbiology laboratory of the hôpital principal de dakar (senegal) and used for routine pathogen identification. using ms, 2,429 bacteria and fungi isolated from patients were directly assayed, leading to the identification of 2,082 bacteria ... | 2015 | 25601995 |
| enterobacteriaceae isolates from the oral cavity of workers in a brazilian oncology hospital. | the evaluation of workers as potential reservoirs and disseminators of pathogenic bacteria has been described as a strategy for the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections (hais). the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of enterobacteriaceae in the oral cavity of workers at an oncology hospital in the midwest region of brazil, as well as to characterize the phenotypic profile of the isolates. saliva samples of 294 workers from the hospital's healthcare and support t ... | 2015 | 25923890 |
| bacteriology of pressure ulcers in individuals with spinal cord injury: what we know and what we should know. | individuals with spinal cord injury (sci) are at increased risk for the development of pressure ulcers. these chronic wounds are debilitating and contribute to prolonged hospitalization and worse medical outcome. however, the species of bacteria and the role that specific species may play in delaying the healing of chronic pressure ulcers in the sci population has not been well characterized. this study will review the literature regarding what is known currently about the bacteriology of pressu ... | 2015 | 25130374 |
| rapid detection of esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae in blood cultures. | we rapidly identified extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) producers prospectively among 245 gram-negative bacilli-positive cultured blood specimens using the rapid esbl nordmann/dortet/poirel test and direct bacterial identification using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. this combination identified esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae within 30 min and had high predictive values. | 2015 | 25695535 |
| novel approaches to improve the intrinsic microbiological safety of powdered infant milk formula. | human milk is recognised as the best form of nutrition for infants. however; in instances where breast-feeding is not possible, unsuitable or inadequate, infant milk formulae are used as breast milk substitutes. these formulae are designed to provide infants with optimum nutrition for normal growth and development and are available in either powdered or liquid forms. powdered infant formula is widely used for convenience and economic reasons. however; current manufacturing processes are not capa ... | 2015 | 25685987 |
| in vitro spectrum of pexiganan activity when tested against pathogens from diabetic foot infections and with selected resistance mechanisms. | pexiganan, a 22-amino-acid synthetic cationic peptide, is currently in phase 3 clinical trials as a topical antimicrobial agent for the treatment of mild infections associated with diabetic foot ulcers. bacterial isolates from the 2013 sentry antimicrobial surveillance program designated as pathogens from diabetic foot infections (dfi) and gram-negative and -positive pathogens from various infection types that harbored selected resistance mechanisms/phenotypes were tested against pexiganan in re ... | 2015 | 25583717 |
| prophylaxis with teicoplanin and cefuroxime reduces the rate of prosthetic joint infection after primary arthroplasty. | the aim of this study was to compare the prosthetic joint infection (pji) rate after total joint arthroplasty in two consecutive periods of treatment with different antibiotic prophylaxes: cefuroxime versus cefuroxime plus teicoplanin. we retrospectively reviewed 1,896 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty between march 2010 and february 2013. from march 2010 to august 2011, patients received 1.5 g of cefuroxime during induction of anesthesia and another 1.5 g ... | 2015 | 25403662 |
| cooccurrence of multiple ampc β-lactamases in escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and proteus mirabilis in tunisia. | over a period of 40 months, plasmid-mediated ampc β-lactamases were detected in tunis, tunisia, in 78 isolates (0.59%) of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and proteus mirabilis. in 67 isolates, only one ampc gene was detected, i.e., blacmy-2-type (n = 33), blaacc (n = 23), bladha (n = 6) or blaebc (n = 5). multiple ampc genes were detected in 11 isolates, with the following distribution: blamox-2, blafox-3, and blacmy-4/16 (n = 6), blafox-3 and blamox-2 (n = 3), and blacmy-4 and blamox-2 ... | 2015 | 26459902 |
| cooccurrence of multiple ampc β-lactamases in escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and proteus mirabilis in tunisia. | over a period of 40 months, plasmid-mediated ampc β-lactamases were detected in tunis, tunisia, in 78 isolates (0.59%) of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and proteus mirabilis. in 67 isolates, only one ampc gene was detected, i.e., blacmy-2-type (n = 33), blaacc (n = 23), bladha (n = 6) or blaebc (n = 5). multiple ampc genes were detected in 11 isolates, with the following distribution: blamox-2, blafox-3, and blacmy-4/16 (n = 6), blafox-3 and blamox-2 (n = 3), and blacmy-4 and blamox-2 ... | 2015 | 26459902 |
| molecular characterization of carbapenem-nonsusceptible enterobacterial isolates collected during a prospective interregional survey in france and susceptibility to the novel ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam-avibactam combinations. | an interregional surveillance program was conducted in the northwestern part of france to determine the prevalence of carbapenem-nonsusceptible enterobacteriaceae (cnse) isolates and their susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam-avibactam combinations. nonduplicate cnse clinical isolates were prospectively collected from six hospitals between june 2012 and november 2013. mics of ceftazidime and aztreonam, alone or combined with a fixed concentration of avibactam (4 μg/ml), and thos ... | 2015 | 26482307 |
| molecular characterization of carbapenem-nonsusceptible enterobacterial isolates collected during a prospective interregional survey in france and susceptibility to the novel ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam-avibactam combinations. | an interregional surveillance program was conducted in the northwestern part of france to determine the prevalence of carbapenem-nonsusceptible enterobacteriaceae (cnse) isolates and their susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam-avibactam combinations. nonduplicate cnse clinical isolates were prospectively collected from six hospitals between june 2012 and november 2013. mics of ceftazidime and aztreonam, alone or combined with a fixed concentration of avibactam (4 μg/ml), and thos ... | 2015 | 26482307 |
| detection of genes mediating beta-lactamase production in isolates of enterobacteria recovered from wild pets in saudi arabia. | to determine the genetic basis and types of beta-lactamase encountered among enterobacterial isolates of wild pets from the animal exhibit. | 2015 | 27047051 |
| are atrophic long-bone nonunions associated with low-grade infections? | impaired fracture healing, especially when associated with bacterial infection, is a severe complication following long-bone fractures and requires special treatment. because standard diagnostic techniques might provide falsely negative results, we evaluated the sonication method for detection of bacteria on implants of patients with fracture nonunions. a total of 49 patients with a nonunion (group nu) and, for comparison, 45 patients who had undergone routine removal of osteosynthetic material ... | 2015 | 26719698 |
| structural and functional analyses reveal insights into the molecular properties of the escherichia coli z ring stabilizing protein, zapc. | in escherichia coli cell division is driven by the tubulin-like gtpase, ftsz, which forms the cytokinetic z-ring. the z-ring serves as a dynamic platform for the assembly of the multiprotein divisome, which catalyzes membrane cleavage to create equal daughter cells. several proteins effect ftsz assembly, thereby providing spatiotemporal control over cell division. one important class of ftsz interacting/regulatory proteins is the z-ring-associated proteins, zaps, which typically modulate z-ring ... | 2015 | 26655719 |
| structural and functional analyses reveal insights into the molecular properties of the escherichia coli z ring stabilizing protein, zapc. | in escherichia coli cell division is driven by the tubulin-like gtpase, ftsz, which forms the cytokinetic z-ring. the z-ring serves as a dynamic platform for the assembly of the multiprotein divisome, which catalyzes membrane cleavage to create equal daughter cells. several proteins effect ftsz assembly, thereby providing spatiotemporal control over cell division. one important class of ftsz interacting/regulatory proteins is the z-ring-associated proteins, zaps, which typically modulate z-ring ... | 2015 | 26655719 |
| prevalence of quinolone resistance genes among extended-spectrum b-lactamase-producing escherichia coli in mashhad, iran. | escherichia coli is an important bacterial species based on incidence and associated infection severity. some e. coli strains produce extended-spectrum beta lactamase (esbl) and are called esbl-producing e. coli. these strains are resistant to most classes of cephalosporin and a number of other classes of antibiotics. plasmids carrying qnr genes have been found to transmit quinolone resistance. | 2015 | 26870307 |
| mass spectrometry-based method of detecting and distinguishing type 1 and type 2 shiga-like toxins in human serum. | shiga-like toxins (verotoxins) are responsible for the virulence associated with a variety of foodborne bacterial pathogens. direct detection of toxins requires a specific and sensitive technique. in this study, we describe a mass spectrometry-based method of analyzing the tryptic decapeptides derived from the non-toxic b subunits. a gene encoding a single protein that yields a set of relevant peptides upon digestion with trypsin was designed. the (15)n-labeled protein was prepared by growing th ... | 2015 | 26633510 |
| genetic contexts of blandm-1 in patients carrying multiple ndm-producing strains. | the carbapenem resistance determinant blandm-1 has been found in various gram-negative bacteria and upon different plasmid replicon types (inc). here, we present four patients within two hospitals in pakistan harboring between two and four ndm-1-producing gram-negative bacilli of different species coresident in their stool samples. we characterize the blandm-1 genetic contexts of these 11 ndm-1-producing gram-negative bacilli in addition to other antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, plasmid repl ... | 2015 | 26392493 |
| evaluation of the rapidec carba np test kit for detection of carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria. | recently, biomérieux, france, introduced the rapidec carba np test kit for rapid detection of carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria. this kit was evaluated in this study, and we report sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 92.6%, 96.2%, 95.83%, and 92.6%, respectively. the test was easy to perform and interpret and relatively inexpensive ($5/rs 300 per test) and provides a practical solution for early detection of carbapenemase-producing, multidrug-res ... | 2015 | 26416868 |
| spectrum adequacy of antibiotic regimens for secondary peritonitis: a retrospective analysis in intermediate and intensive care unit patients. | secondary peritonitis requires surgical source control and adequate antimicrobial treatment. antimicrobial regimens are usually selected according to local susceptibility data of individual pathogens against single agents, but this neglects both the polymicrobial nature of the infection and the use of combination therapy. we analysed the probability of common regimens to cover all relevant pathogens isolated in one patient ("spectrum adequacy rate", sar) in a real-life data set. | 2015 | 26541549 |
| trends in extended spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) producing enterobacteriaceae and esbl genes in a dutch teaching hospital, measured in 5 yearly point prevalence surveys (2010-2014). | this paper describes the trends in prevalence of esbl producing enterobacteriaceae (esbl-e) and esbl genes, measured in five consecutive yearly point prevalence surveys (pps). all patients present in the hospital and in a day-care clinic (including patients on dialysis) on the day of the survey, were screened for perianal esbl-e carriage. perianal swabs were taken and cultured using an enrichment broth and a selective agar plate. both phenotypic and genotypic methods were used to detect the prod ... | 2015 | 26528549 |
| the spread of bla oxa-48 and bla oxa-244 carbapenemase genes among klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis and enterobacter spp. isolated in moscow, russia. | the spread of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) is a great problem of healthcare worldwide. study of the spread for bla oxa-48-like genes coding epidemically significant carbapenemases among hospital pathogens is important for the regional and global epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance. | 2015 | 26526183 |
| carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae in children, united states, 1999-2012. | the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) infections is increasing in the united states. however, few studies have addressed their epidemiology in children. to phenotypically identify cre isolates cultured from patients 1-17 years of age, we used antimicrobial susceptibilities of enterobacteriaceae reported to 300 laboratories participating in the surveillance network-usa database during january 1999-july 2012. of 316,253 isolates analyzed, 266 (0.08%) were identified as cr ... | 2015 | 26486124 |
| application of metagenomic sequencing to food safety: detection of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli on fresh bagged spinach. | culture-independent diagnostics reduce the reliance on traditional (and slower) culture-based methodologies. here we capitalize on advances in next-generation sequencing (ngs) to apply this approach to food pathogen detection utilizing ngs as an analytical tool. in this study, spiking spinach with shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) following an established fda culture-based protocol was used in conjunction with shotgun metagenomic sequencing to determine the limits of detection, sensi ... | 2015 | 26386062 |
| growth kinetics of salmonella enterica in hajna tetrathionate broth, rappaport broth and modified semisolid rappaport agar. | to determine the appropriate method for isolating salmonella enterica, we compared the growth of s. enterica serovars using three selective enrichment media. s. enterica was more successfully isolated from artificially contaminated fecal samples after enrichment in hajna tetrathionate broth or modified semisolid rappaport agar than in rappaport broth. since most bacteria (other than motile s. enterica) do not migrate on modified semisolid rappaport agar, the growth characteristics of s. enterica ... | 2015 | 26498402 |
| growth kinetics of salmonella enterica in hajna tetrathionate broth, rappaport broth and modified semisolid rappaport agar. | to determine the appropriate method for isolating salmonella enterica, we compared the growth of s. enterica serovars using three selective enrichment media. s. enterica was more successfully isolated from artificially contaminated fecal samples after enrichment in hajna tetrathionate broth or modified semisolid rappaport agar than in rappaport broth. since most bacteria (other than motile s. enterica) do not migrate on modified semisolid rappaport agar, the growth characteristics of s. enterica ... | 2015 | 26498402 |
| high prevalence of salmonella and imp-4-producing enterobacteriaceae in the silver gull on five islands, australia. | the objective of this study was to investigate the silver gull as an indicator of environmental contamination by salmonellae and carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) in south-east australia. | 2015 | 26472769 |
| high prevalence of salmonella and imp-4-producing enterobacteriaceae in the silver gull on five islands, australia. | the objective of this study was to investigate the silver gull as an indicator of environmental contamination by salmonellae and carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) in south-east australia. | 2015 | 26472769 |
| interplay among membrane-bound lytic transglycosylase d1, the crebc two-component regulatory system, the ampng-ampdi-nagz-ampr regulatory circuit, and l1/l2 β-lactamase expression in stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | lytic transglycosylases (lts) are an important class of enzymes involved in peptidoglycan (pg) cleavage, with the concomitant formation of an intramolecular 1,6-anhydromuramoyl reaction product. there are six annotated lt genes in the stenotrophomonas maltophilia genome, including genes for five membrane-bound lts (mlta, mltb1, mltb2, mltd1, and mltd2) and a gene for soluble lt (slt). six lts of s. maltophilia kj were systematically mutated, yielding the δmlta, δmltb1, δmltb2, δmltd1, δmltd2, an ... | 2015 | 26282431 |
| efficacy of humanized high-dose meropenem, cefepime, and levofloxacin against enterobacteriaceae isolates producing verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase (vim) in a murine thigh infection model. | we aimed to describe the in vivo activity of humanized pharmacokinetic exposures of meropenem and comparators against verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase (mbl) (vim)-producing enterobacteriaceae in a murine model. levofloxacin activity was predicted by its mic, and cefepime activity displayed variability, whereas meropenem produced a >1 log cfu reduction against all isolates despite high mics indicative of resistance. our results suggest that despite in vitro resistance, high-dose merope ... | 2015 | 26416855 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of traditional plant used in mestizo shamanism from the peruvian amazon in case of infectious diseases. | our survey was performed near iquitos (peruvian amazon) and its surroundings and leads us to consider mestizo ethnomedical practices. the plant species reported here are traditionally used for ailments related to microbial infections. inhabitants of various ethnic origins were interviewed, and 52 selected plants extracts were evaluated for their antimicrobial properties against a panel of 36 sensitive and multi-resistant bacteria or yeast. the study aimed at providing information on antimicrobia ... | 2015 | 27013805 |
| bacterial genomic epidemiology, from local outbreak characterization to species-history reconstruction. | bacteriology has embraced the next-generation sequencing revolution, swiftly moving from the time of single genome sequencing to the age of genomic epidemiology. hundreds and now even thousands of genomes are being sequenced for single bacterial species, allowing unprecedented levels of resolution and insight in the evolution and epidemic diffusion of the main bacterial pathogens. here, we present a review of some of the most recent and groundbreaking studies in this field. | 2015 | 26878934 |
| simplified protocol for carba np test for enhanced detection of carbapenemase producers directly from bacterial cultures. | we compared carbapenemase detection among 266 gram-negative bacilli (161 carbapenemase producers) using the carba np tests issued by the clsi (cnpt-clsi) and a novel protocol (cnpt-direct) designed for carbapenemase detection direct from bacterial cultures (instead of bacterial extracts required by the clsi tests). the specificities were comparable (100%), but the cnpt-direct was more sensitive (98% versus 84%). the cnpt-direct was easier to perform due to the direct use of colonies and offered ... | 2015 | 26424841 |
| genetic characterization of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae and the spread of carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumonia st340 at a university hospital in thailand. | carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) has increasingly spread worldwide in the past decade. the prevalence and characteristics of cre in thailand are unknown. in this study, we conducted a 2-year surveillance of cre among 12,741 clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae at the largest university hospital in thailand with molecular characterization of beta-lactamase (bla) genes, including carbapenemase genes. the cre prevalence was 1.4%. blakpc-13 and blaimp-14a were the only carbapenemase ... | 2015 | 26407326 |
| fast and accurate large-scale detection of β-lactamase genes conferring antibiotic resistance. | fast detection of β-lactamase (bla) genes allows improved surveillance studies and infection control measures, which can minimize the spread of antibiotic resistance. although several molecular diagnostic methods have been developed to detect limited bla gene types, these methods have significant limitations, such as their failure to detect almost all clinically available bla genes. we developed a fast and accurate molecular method to overcome these limitations using 62 primer pairs, which were ... | 2015 | 26169415 |
| first report of ceftazidime-avibactam resistance in a kpc-3-expressing klebsiella pneumoniae isolate. | ceftazidime-avibactam is the first antimicrobial approved by the u.s. fda for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae. avibactam, a non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor, inactivates class a serine carbapenemases, including klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (kpc). we report a kpc-producing k. pneumoniae isolate resistant to ceftazidime-avibactam (mic, 32/4 μg/ml) from a patient with no prior treatment with ceftazidime-avibactam. | 2015 | 26195508 |
| genetic environment of plasmid mediated ctx-m-15 extended spectrum beta-lactamases from clinical and food borne bacteria in north-eastern india. | the study investigated the presence of ctx-m-15 type extended spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl), compared their genetic arrangements and plasmid types in gram negative isolates of hospital and food origin in north-east india. from september 2013 to april 2014, a total of 252 consecutive, non-duplicate clinical isolates and 88 gram negative food isolates were selected. phenotypic and molecular characterization of esbl genes was performed. presence of integrons and gene cassettes were analyzed by in ... | 2015 | 26361395 |
| carbapenem-resistant and carbapenem-susceptible isogenic isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae st101 causing infection in a tertiary hospital. | in this study we describe the clinical and molecular characteristics of an outbreak due to carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae (cr-kp) producing ctx-m-15 and oxa-48 carbapenemase. isogenic strains, carbapenem-susceptible k. pneumoniae (cs-kp) producing ctx-m-15, were also involved in the outbreak. | 2015 | 26335352 |
| minimal peptidoglycan (pg) turnover in wild-type and pg hydrolase and cell division mutants of streptococcus pneumoniae d39 growing planktonically and in host-relevant biofilms. | we determined whether there is turnover of the peptidoglycan (pg) cell wall of the ovococcus bacterial pathogen streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). pulse-chase experiments on serotype 2 strain d39 radiolabeled with n-acetylglucosamine revealed little turnover and release of pg breakdown products during growth compared to published reports of pg turnover in bacillus subtilis. pg dynamics were visualized directly by long-pulse-chase-new-labeling experiments using two colors of fluorescent d-a ... | 2015 | 26303829 |
| hyperammonemia in urinary tract infections. | the present study investigated the incidence of hyperammonemia in urinary tract infections and explored the utility of urinary obstruction relief and antimicrobial administration to improve hyperammonemia. | 2015 | 26292215 |
| comparative genomics analysis of pkf3-94 in klebsiella pneumoniae reveals plasmid compatibility and horizontal gene transfer. | in order to get insights into plasmid evolution and the dissemination of multidrug resistance, we performed extensive comparative genomics analyses of the klebsiella pneumoniae plasmid pkf3-94 and some of its related plasmids. pkf3-94 is one of three plasmids isolated from the k. pneumoniae strain kf3. of the 144 putative genes it harbors, 69 can be functionally assigned to be involved in transfer conjugation, transfer leading, antimicrobial resistance, transposon function, and plasmid replicati ... | 2015 | 26347723 |
| characterization of inci1 sequence type 71 epidemic plasmid lineage responsible for the recent dissemination of ctx-m-65 extended-spectrum β-lactamase in the bolivian chaco region. | during the last decade, a significant diffusion of ctx-m-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) was observed in commensal escherichia coli from healthy children in the bolivian chaco region, with initial dissemination of ctx-m-2, which was then replaced by ctx-m-15 and ctx-m-65. in this work, we demonstrate that the widespread dissemination of ctx-m-65 observed in this context was related to the polyclonal spreading of an inci1 sequence type 71 (st71) epidemic plasmid lineage. the structure ... | 2015 | 26100713 |
| development of a novel real-time pcr assay with high-resolution melt analysis to detect and differentiate oxa-48-like β-lactamases in carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae. | the rapid global spread of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) poses an urgent threat to public health. more than 250 class d β-lactamases (oxas) have been described in recent years, with variations in hydrolytic activity for β-lactams. the plasmid-borne oxa-48 β-lactamase and its variants are identified only sporadically in the united states but are common in europe. recognition of these oxa-48-like carbapenemases is vital in order to control their dissemination. we developed a real-t ... | 2015 | 26124164 |
| the β-lactams strike back: ceftazidime-avibactam. | gram-negative resistance has reached a crucial point, with emergence of pathogens resistant to most or all available antibiotics. ceftazidime-avibactam is a newly approved agent combining ceftazidime and a novel β-lactamase inhibitor with activity against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. avibactam has increased potency and expanded spectrum of inhibition of class a and c β-lactamases relative to available β-lactamase inhibitors, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases, ampc, and kleb ... | 2015 | 26289307 |
| melting temperature mapping method: a novel method for rapid identification of unknown pathogenic microorganisms within three hours of sample collection. | acquiring the earliest possible identification of pathogenic microorganisms is critical for selecting the appropriate antimicrobial therapy in infected patients. we herein report the novel "melting temperature (tm) mapping method" for rapidly identifying the dominant bacteria in a clinical sample from sterile sites. employing only seven primer sets, more than 100 bacterial species can be identified. in particular, using the difference value, it is possible to identify samples suitable for tm map ... | 2015 | 26218169 |
| escherichia coli of sequence type 3835 carrying bla ndm-1, bla ctx-m-15, bla cmy-42 and bla shv-12. | new delhi metallo-β-lactamase (ndm) represents a serious challenge for treatment and public health. a carbapenem-resistant escherichia coli clinical strain wchec13-8 was subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests, whole genome sequencing and conjugation experiments. it was resistant to imipenem (mic, >256 μg/ml) and meropenem (mic, 128 μg/ml) and belonged to st3835. bla ndm-1 was the only carbapenemase gene detected. strain wchec13-8 also had a plasmid-borne ampc gene (bla cmy-42) and two e ... | 2015 | 26194736 |
| first report of oxa-181-producing escherichia coli in china and characterization of the isolate using whole-genome sequencing. | we report the first oxa-181-producing strain in china. blaoxa-181 was found in sequence type 410 (st410) escherichia coli strain wchec14828 from a chinese patient without recent travel history. genome sequencing and conjugation experiments were performed. blaoxa-181 was carried on a 51-kb self-transmissible incx3 plasmid and was linked with qnrs1, a quinolone resistance gene. blaoxa-181 was introduced onto the incx3 plasmid from a cole2-type plasmid, and incx3 plasmids have the potential to medi ... | 2015 | 26014927 |
| in vitro activity of ceftolozane alone and in combination with tazobactam against extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-harboring enterobacteriaceae. | ceftolozane, formally cxa-101, is a new antipseudomonal cephalosporin that is also active in vitro against enterobacteriaceae but is vulnerable to extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls). the addition of tazobactam is intended to broaden coverage to most esbl-producing escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumonia as well as other enterobacteriaceae. the in vitro activities of ceftolozane-tazobactam combinations against 67 clinically and molecularly characterized esbl-producing isolates were examined ... | 2015 | 25987635 |
| conformational change observed in the active site of class c β-lactamase mox-1 upon binding to aztreonam. | we solved the crystal structure of the class c β-lactamase mox-1 complexed with the inhibitor aztreonam at 1.9å resolution. the main-chain oxygen of ser315 interacts with the amide nitrogen of aztreonam. surprisingly, compared to that in the structure of free mox-1, this main-chain carboxyl changes its position significantly upon binding to aztreonam. this result indicates that the interaction between mox-1 and β-lactams can be accompanied by conformational changes in the b3 β-strand main chain. | 2015 | 26055361 |
| ndm-1-producing citrobacter freundii, escherichia coli, and acinetobacter baumannii identified from a single patient in china. | we identified new delhi metallo-β-lactamase (ndm-1)-producing citrobacter freundii gb032, escherichia coli gb102, and acinetobacter baumannii gb661 in urine and stool samples from a single patient in china. plasmid profiling and southern blotting indicated that blandm-1 from gb032 and that from gb102 were likely located on the same plasmid, while blandm-1 from gb661 was located on a very large (>400-kb) plasmid. this case underscores the broad host range of blandm-1 and its potential to spread b ... | 2015 | 26055374 |
| diversity and global distribution of incl/m plasmids enabling horizontal dissemination of β-lactam resistance genes among the enterobacteriaceae. | antibiotic resistance determinants are frequently associated with plasmids and other mobile genetic elements, which simplifies their horizontal transmission. several groups of plasmids (including replicons of the incl/m incompatibility group) were found to play an important role in the dissemination of resistance genes encoding β-lactamases. the incl/m plasmids are large, broad host range, and self-transmissible replicons. we have identified and characterized two novel members of this group: par ... | 2015 | 26236726 |
| enterobacter cloacae sacroiliitis with acute respiratory distress syndrome in an adolescent. | enterobacter cloacae has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen, but is rarely a cause of sacroiliitis. herein, we present the first reported case of enterobacter cloacae sacroiliitis associated with sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). a previously healthy 14-year-old boy presented with low-grade fever and pain in the left side of the hip that was aggravated by walking. pelvic computed tomography (ct) showed normal findings, and the patient received supportive care for tr ... | 2015 | 26157593 |
| characterization of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae with high rate of autochthonous transmission in the arabian peninsula. | to establish the role of local transmission versus possible pathogen import due to previous foreign exposure in infections caused by carbapenem non-susceptible enterobacteriaceae in the arabian peninsula, 200 independent isolates collected in 16 hospitals of saudi arabia, kuwait, oman and the united arab emirates were studied. all strains were multidrug resistant; 42.5% of them also qualified as extremely drug resistant. the frequency of various carbapenemases varied according to the participati ... | 2015 | 26110660 |
| a severe accident caused by an ocellate river stingray (potamotrygon motoro) in central brazil: how well do we really understand stingray venom chemistry, envenomation, and therapeutics? | freshwater stingrays cause many serious human injuries, but identification of the offending species is uncommon. the present case involved a large freshwater stingray, potamotrygon motoro (chondrichthyes: potamotrygonidae), in the araguaia river in tocantins, brazil. appropriate first aid was administered within ~15 min, except that an ice pack was applied. analgesics provided no pain relief, although hot compresses did. ciprofloxacin therapy commenced after ~18 h and continued seven days. then ... | 2015 | 26094699 |
| evaluation of remel spectra cre agar for detection of carbapenem-resistant bacteria from rectal swabs obtained from residents of a long-term-care facility. | we compared the remel spectra cre agar plate to cdc standard methodology for the isolation of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) from 300 rectal swab specimens obtained from patients residing in a long-term-care facility (ltcf). multiplex pcr experiments were performed on isolates to identify specific klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (kpc) and additional β-lactamases. of the 300 patients, 72 (24%) harbored cre and were pcr positive for kpc enzymes. the remel spectra cre plates det ... | 2015 | 26085613 |
| increased prevalence of carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae in hospital setting due to cross-species transmission of the bla ndm-1 element and clonal spread of progenitor resistant strains. | this study investigated the transmission characteristics of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) strains collected from a hospital setting in china, in which consistent emergence of cre strains were observable during the period of may 2013 to february 2014. among the 45 cre isolates tested, 21 (47%) strains were found to harbor the bla ndm-1 element, and the rest of 24 cre strains were all positive for bla kpc-2. the 21 bla ndm-1-borne strains were found to comprise multiple enterobacte ... | 2015 | 26136735 |
| insertion sequence is26 reorganizes plasmids in clinically isolated multidrug-resistant bacteria by replicative transposition. | carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe), which are resistant to most or all known antibiotics, constitute a global threat to public health. transposable elements are often associated with antibiotic resistance determinants, suggesting a role in the emergence of resistance. one insertion sequence, is26, is frequently associated with resistance determinants, but its role remains unclear. we have analyzed the genomic contexts of 70 is26 copies in several clinical and surveillance cpe isola ... | 2015 | 26060276 |
| improved detection of escherichia coli and coliform bacteria by multiplex pcr. | the presence of coliform bacteria is routinely assessed to establish the microbiological safety of water supplies and raw or processed foods. coliforms are a group of lactose-fermenting enterobacteriaceae, which most likely acquired the lacz gene by horizontal transfer and therefore constitute a polyphyletic group. among this group of bacteria is escherichia coli, the pathogen that is most frequently associated with foodborne disease outbreaks and is often identified by β-glucuronidase enzymatic ... | 2015 | 26040540 |
| class 1 integrons and the antiseptic resistance gene (qaceδ1) in municipal and swine slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plants and wastewater-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | class 1 integrons are mobile gene elements (mges) containing qaceδ1 that are resistant to quaternary ammonium compound (qac) disinfectants. this study compared the abundances of class 1 integrons and antiseptic resistance genes in municipal (m) and swine slaughterhouse (s) wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) and investigated the presence of class 1 integrons and antiseptic resistance genes in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) isolated from wastewater samples. the abundances of i ... | 2015 | 26042365 |
| response to detection of new delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing bacteria, brazil. | 2015 | 25989100 | |
| molecular characteristics of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant enterobacteriaceae from humans in the community. | to investigate the molecular characteristics of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (esc)-resistant enterobacteriaceae collected during a cross-sectional study examining the prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae in humans living in areas with high or low broiler density. | 2015 | 26029910 |
| rapid detection of kpc, ndm, and oxa-48-like carbapenemases by real-time pcr from rectal swab surveillance samples. | we describe a multiplex real-time pcr assay for use on the abi 7500 fast taqman platform to detect all currently described klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (kpc), new delhi metallo-β-lactamases (ndm), and the oxa-48-like family of carbapenemases from bacterial culture lysates or sample enrichment broth lysates. | 2015 | 26019195 |
| production of plasmid-encoding ndm-1 in clinical raoultella ornithinolytica and leclercia adecarboxylata from china. | raoultella ornithinolytica ynkp001 and leclercia adecarboxylata p10164, which harbor conjugative plasmids pynkp001-ndm and pp10164-ndm, respectively, were isolated from two different chinese patients, and their complete nucleotide sequences were determined. production of ndm-1 enzyme by these plasmids accounts for the carbapenem resistance of these two strains. this is the first report of bla ndm in l. adecarboxylata and third report of this gene in r. ornithinolytica. pynkp001-ndm is very simil ... | 2015 | 26052314 |
| the association between colonization with carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae and overall icu mortality: an observational cohort study. | infections caused by carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae are increasing worldwide, especially in icus, and have been associated with high mortality rates. however, unequivocally demonstrating causality of such infections to death is difficult in critically ill patients because of potential confounding and competing events. here, we quantified the effects of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae carriage on patient outcome in two greek icus with carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriac ... | 2015 | 25882764 |
| prospective multicenter study of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae from 83 hospitals in spain reveals high in vitro susceptibility to colistin and meropenem. | the aim of this study was to determine the impact of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) in spain in 2013 by describing the prevalence, dissemination, and geographic distribution of cpe clones, and their population structure and antibiotic susceptibility. from february 2013 to may 2013, 83 hospitals (about 40,000 hospital beds) prospectively collected nonduplicate enterobacteriaceae using the screening cutoff recommended by eucast. carbapenemase characterization was performed by phe ... | 2015 | 25824224 |
| activity of ceftazidime-avibactam against fluoroquinolone-resistant enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | ceftazidime-avibactam and comparator antibiotics were tested by the broth microdilution method against 200 enterobacteriaceae and 25 pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to fluoroquinolones (including strains with the extended-spectrum β-lactamase [esbl] phenotype and ceftazidime-resistant strains) collected from our institution. the mics and mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolone were also studied. ninety-nine percent of fluoroquinolone-resistant enterobacteriaceae strains were inhibit ... | 2015 | 25753646 |
| in vitro activity of ceftazidime-avibactam against 338 molecularly characterized gentamicin-nonsusceptible gram-negative clinical isolates obtained from patients in canadian hospitals. | the mechanism of aminoglycoside resistance among 338 gentamicin-nonsusceptible gram-negative bacteria (207 enterobacteriaceae and 131 pseudomonas aeruginosa) was assessed, and the in vitro activity of ceftazidime-avibactam against these isolates was determined. aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes were detected in 91.8% of enterobacteriaceae and 13.7% of p. aeruginosa isolates. a single strain of klebsiella pneumoniae harbored a 16s rrna methylase (arma). the ceftazidime-avibactam mic90 values were ... | 2015 | 25824208 |
| pbp1a/lpoa but not pbp1b/lpob are involved in regulation of the major β-lactamase gene blaa in shewanella oneidensis. | β-lactamase production is one of the most important strategies for gram-negative bacteria to combat β-lactam antibiotics. studies of the regulation of β-lactamase expression have largely been focused on the class c β-lactamase ampc, whose induction by β-lactams requires lysr-type regulator ampr and permease ampg-dependent peptidoglycan recycling intermediates. in shewanella, which is ubiquitous in aquatic environments and is a reservoir for antibiotic resistance, production of the class d β-lact ... | 2015 | 25824223 |
| colonization of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase- and ndm-1-producing enterobacteriaceae among pregnant women in the community in a low-income country: a potential reservoir for transmission of multiresistant enterobacteriaceae to neonates. | the spread of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (esbl-pe) in low-income countries, where the burden of neonatal sepsis is high, may have a serious impact on neonatal mortality rates. given the potential for mother-to-child transmission of multiresistant bacteria, this study investigated the esbl-pe rectal colonization among pregnant women at delivery in the community in madagascar and estimated a prevalence of 18.5% (95% confidence interval, 14.5% to 22.6%). one strain o ... | 2015 | 25845871 |
| war wound treatment complications due to transfer of an incn plasmid harboring bla(oxa-181) from morganella morganii to ctx-m-27-producing sequence type 131 escherichia coli. | a 22-year-old male developed a recurrent sacral abscess associated with embedded shrapnel following a blast injury. cultures grew extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing, carbapenem-susceptible escherichia coli. ertapenem was administered, but the infection recurred after each course of antibiotics. initial surgical interventions were unsuccessful, and subsequent cultures yielded e. coli and morganella morganii, both nonsusceptible to carbapenems. the isolates were carba np test negative, ... | 2015 | 25870058 |
| arbekacin activity against contemporary clinical bacteria isolated from patients hospitalized with pneumonia. | arbekacin is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside licensed for systemic use in japan and under clinical development as an inhalation solution in the united states. we evaluated the occurrence of organisms isolated from pneumonias in u.s. hospitalized patients (php), including ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap), and the in vitro activity of arbekacin. organism frequency was evaluated from a collection of 2,203 bacterial isolates (339 from vap) consecutively collected from 25 medical centers in 2012 ... | 2015 | 25801559 |
| carbapenem non-susceptible enterobacteriaceae in quebec, canada: results of a laboratory surveillance program (2010-2012). | the emergence and spread of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) represent a major public health concern because these bacteria are usually extensively resistant to most antibiotics. in order to evaluate their dissemination in quebec, a surveillance program was introduced in 2010. we report the molecular and epidemiological profiles of cpe isolates collected. between august 2010 and december 2012, a total of 742 non-duplicate isolates non-susceptible to carbapenems were analysed. amp ... | 2015 | 25910041 |
| characterization of tn6238 with a new allele of aac(6')-ib-cr. | here, we report that the genetic structure of tn1331 remained conserved in argentina from 1989 to 2013 (72 of 73 isolates), with the exception being the plasmid-borne tn1331-like transposon tn6238 containing a new aac(6')-ib-cr allele recovered from a colistin-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate. a bioinformatic analysis of aac(6')-ib-like gene cassettes suggests that this new aac(6')-ib-cr allele emerged through mutation or homologous recombination in the tn1331 genetic platform. t ... | 2015 | 25691640 |
| acute necrotizing pancreatitis: can tigecycline be included in a therapeutic strategy? | acute necrotizing pancreatitis is a severe and life-threatening disease. infection, which occurs in about 30% of cases, is the most feared complication. antibiotic therapy is still discussed and there are no clear recommendation in literature. these clinical series underline the importance of having a clear antibiotic protocol, including tigecycline, in the management of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. clinical series. six patients with clinical and radiological diagnosis of necrotizing acute pa ... | 2015 | 25827664 |
| further modification of the modified hodge test for detecting metallo-β-lactamase-producing carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae. | the modified hodge test (mht) was designed to detect carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe). this study evaluated variables to improve the performance of mht. | 2015 | 25932437 |
| high prevalence and risk factors of fecal carriage of ctx-m type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae from healthy rural residents of taian, china. | the study was carried out to understand the prevalence of ctx-m type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-harboring enterobacteriaceae and to analyze risk factors related with fecal carriage in healthy rural residents in taian, china. a total of 620 stool samples were collected from rural residents. the esbl-positive enterobacteriaceae was screened using chromid esbl agar, and then further confirmed by double-disk diffusion. the ctx-m genes were determined using polymerase chain reaction. the ... | 2015 | 25870591 |
| direct disk diffusion test using european clinical antimicrobial susceptibility testing breakpoints provides reliable results compared with the standard method. | sepsis represents a life-threatening infection requiring the immediate start of antibacterial treatment to reduce morbidity. thus, laboratories use direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ast) to rapidly generate preliminary results from positive blood cultures. as the direct ast has not yet been published to be evaluated with eucast breakpoints, the purpose of the study was to investigate the reliability of the direct agar diffusion test to correctly produce ast results from positive monob ... | 2015 | 25883798 |
| microbiological screening is necessary to distinguish carriers of plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae because of clinical similarity. | plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamase-producing (pampc) enterobacteriaceae are increasing worldwide, difficult to identify and often confounded with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) producers. the low prevalence precludes routine universal admission screening. therefore, we evaluated potential risk factors for carriage of pampc-producing enterobacteriaceae that would allow targeted screening to improve yield and reduce cost. | 2015 | 25803720 |
| efficacy and safety of lomefloxacin on bacterial extraocular disease in the horse. | lomefloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic used for the treatment of bacterial extraocular disease. this study investigated the efficacy and safety of lomefloxacin eye drops for bacterial extraocular disease in horses. lomefloxacin ophthalmic solution (0.3%) was instilled three times daily for 2-5 days in 65 horses diagnosed with bacterial extraocular disease based on clinical findings. clinical observations and bacteriological examinations were performed at the start of treatme ... | 2015 | 25787926 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of the ceftazidime-avibactam combination against enterobacteriaceae, including strains with well-characterized β-lactamases. | the novel β-lactamase inhibitor avibactam is a potent inhibitor of class a, class c, and some class d enzymes. the in vitro antibacterial activity of the ceftazidime-avibactam combination was determined for a collection of enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates; this collection was enriched for resistant strains, including strains with characterized serine β-lactamases. the inhibitor was added either at fixed weight ratios to ceftazidime or at fixed concentrations, with the latter type of combinat ... | 2015 | 25583732 |
| common isolation of new delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1-producing enterobacteriaceae in a large surgical hospital in vietnam. | this study sought to monitor the presence of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) and the proportion new delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1 (ndm-1)-producing bacteria between august 2010 and december 2012 in a surgical hospital in vietnam. we identified 47 cre strains from a total of 4,096 enterobacteriaceae isolates (1.1 %) that were ndm-1-positive from 45 patients admitted to 11 different departments, with the majority being from the urology department. the ndm-1 gene was found in seven d ... | 2015 | 25732142 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa ampr: an acute-chronic switch regulator. | pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most intractable human pathogens that pose serious clinical challenge due to extensive prevalence of multidrug-resistant clinical isolates. armed with abundant virulence and antibiotic resistance mechanisms, it is a major etiologic agent in a number of acute and chronic infections. a complex and intricate network of regulators dictates the expression of pathogenicity factors in p. aeruginosa. some proteins within the network play key roles and control multipl ... | 2015 | 25066236 |
| matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry meropenem hydrolysis assay with nh4hco3, a reliable tool for direct detection of carbapenemase activity. | a comparison of a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometric (maldi-tof ms) meropenem hydrolysis assay with the carba np test showed that both methods exhibited low sensitivity (approximately 76%), mainly due to the false-negative results obtained with oxa-48-type producers. the addition of nh4hco3 to the reaction buffer for the maldi-tof ms assay dramatically improved its sensitivity (98%). automatic interpretation of the maldi-tof ms assay, using the mbt star ... | 2015 | 25694522 |
| in vitro susceptibility of characterized β-lactamase-producing strains tested with avibactam combinations. | avibactam, a broad-spectrum β-lactamase inhibitor, was tested with ceftazidime, ceftaroline, or aztreonam against 57 well-characterized gram-negative strains producing β-lactamases from all molecular classes. most strains were nonsusceptible to the β-lactams alone. against ampc-, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-, and kpc-producing enterobacteriaceae or pseudomonas aeruginosa, avibactam lowered ceftazidime, ceftaroline, or aztreonam mics up to 2,048-fold, to ≤4 μg/ml. aztreonam-avibactam mic ... | 2015 | 25534728 |
| evaluation of antibacterial activity of some traditionally used medicinal plants against human pathogenic bacteria. | the worldwide increase of multidrug resistance in both community- and health-care associated bacterial infections has impaired the current antimicrobial therapy, warranting the search for other alternatives. we aimed to find the in vitro antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of 16 different traditionally used medicinal plants of nepal against 13 clinical and 2 reference bacterial species using microbroth dilution method. the evaluated plants species were found to exert a range of in vitro ... | 2015 | 25738151 |
| escherichia coli o-antigen gene clusters of serogroups o62, o68, o131, o140, o142, and o163: dna sequences and similarity between o62 and o68, and pcr-based serogrouping. | the dna sequence of the o-antigen gene clusters of escherichia coli serogroups o62, o68, o131, o140, o142, and o163 was determined, and primers based on the wzx (o-antigen flippase) and/or wzy (o-antigen polymerase) genes within the o-antigen gene clusters were designed and used in pcr assays to identify each serogroup. specificity was tested with e. coli reference strains, field isolates belonging to the target serogroups, and non-e. coli bacteria. the pcr assays were highly specific for the re ... | 2015 | 25664526 |
| evaluation of a new phenotypic oxa-48 disk test for differentiation of oxa-48 carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates. | the current phenotypic methods for detecting carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) allow differentiation between class a and b carbapenemases, but they cannot confirm in a single test class d oxa-48 carbapenemase producers. in this study, we evaluated a new phenotypic test, the oxa-48 disk test, which is based on an imipenem disk and two blank disks adjacent to the imipenem disk, loaded with the tested strain and impregnated with edta and edta plus phenyl boronic acid (pba), respectiv ... | 2015 | 25653401 |
| in vitro activity of ceftazidime-avibactam combination in in vitro checkerboard assays. | to evaluate the in vitro effects of the combination of ceftazidime and avibactam on the mics of both compounds, checkerboard assays were performed for 81 clinical strains, including 55 enterobacteriaceae strains (32 klebsiella pneumoniae, 19 escherichia coli, 1 citrobacter freundii, and 3 enterobacter cloacae) and 26 strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, all with known resistance mechanisms such as extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) and carbapenemases, phenotypically or molecularly determined. ... | 2015 | 25487794 |
| dissemination of ndm metallo-β-lactamase genes among clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae collected during the smart global surveillance study from 2008 to 2012. | the prevalence of carbapenemase enzymes continues to increase. among the ambler class b enzymes is the new delhi metallo-β-lactamase (ndm). this particular enzyme is capable of hydrolyzing nearly all β-lactam antimicrobial agents and has spread rapidly, becoming a global problem. therapeutic treatment options for patients infected with isolates which produce this enzyme are difficult to manage, as cross-resistance to other antimicrobial classes is common. the study for monitoring antimicrobial r ... | 2015 | 25403666 |
| silver resistance in gram-negative bacteria: a dissection of endogenous and exogenous mechanisms. | to gain a more detailed understanding of endogenous (mutational) and exogenous (horizontally acquired) resistance to silver in gram-negative pathogens, with an emphasis on clarifying the genetic bases for resistance. | 2015 | 25567964 |
| dynamics of mdr enterobacter cloacae outbreaks in a neonatal unit in nepal: insights using wider sampling frames and next-generation sequencing. | there are limited data on enterobacter cloacae outbreaks and fewer describing these in association with ndm-1. with whole-genome sequencing, we tested the hypothesis that a cluster of 16 e. cloacae bacteraemia cases in a nepali neonatal unit represented a single clonal outbreak, using a wider set of epidemiologically unrelated clinical e. cloacae isolates for comparison. | 2015 | 25558071 |
| galacto-oligosaccharides and colorectal cancer: feeding our intestinal probiome. | prebiotics are ingredients selectively fermented by the intestinal microbiota that promote changes in the microbial community structure and/or their metabolism, conferring health benefits to the host. studies show that β (1-4) galacto-oligosaccharides [β (1-4) gos], lactulose and fructo-oligosaccharides increase intestinal concentration of lactate and short chain fatty acids, and stool frequency and weight, and they decrease fecal concentration of secondary bile acids, fecal ph, and nitroreducta ... | 2015 | 25584074 |
| a novel bacteriophage targeting cronobacter sakazakii is a potential biocontrol agent in foods. | cronobacter sakazakii is an important pathogen that causes high mortality in infants. due to its occasional antibiotic resistance, a bacteriophage approach might be an alternative effective method for the control of this pathogen. to develop a novel biocontrol agent using bacteriophages, the c. sakazakii-infecting phage cr5 was newly isolated and characterized. interestingly, this phage exhibited efficient and relatively durable host lysis activity. in addition, a specific gene knockout study an ... | 2015 | 26497465 |
| a novel bacteriophage targeting cronobacter sakazakii is a potential biocontrol agent in foods. | cronobacter sakazakii is an important pathogen that causes high mortality in infants. due to its occasional antibiotic resistance, a bacteriophage approach might be an alternative effective method for the control of this pathogen. to develop a novel biocontrol agent using bacteriophages, the c. sakazakii-infecting phage cr5 was newly isolated and characterized. interestingly, this phage exhibited efficient and relatively durable host lysis activity. in addition, a specific gene knockout study an ... | 2015 | 26497465 |
| gut bacteria mediate aggregation in the german cockroach. | aggregation of the german cockroach, blattella germanica, is regulated by fecal aggregation agents (pheromones), including volatile carboxylic acids (vcas). we demonstrate that the gut microbial community contributes to production of these semiochemicals. chemical analysis of the fecal extract of b. germanica revealed 40 vcas. feces from axenic cockroaches (no microorganisms in the alimentary tract) lacked 12 major fecal vcas, and 24 of the remaining compounds were represented at extremely low a ... | 2015 | 26644557 |
| arthropod vectors and disease transmission: translational aspects. | 2015 | 26583380 | |
| optimization and evaluation of flexicult® vet for detection, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial uropathogens in small animal veterinary practice. | urinary tract infection (uti) is a common reason for antimicrobial prescription in dogs and cats. the objective of this study was to optimize and evaluate a culture-based point-of-care test for detection, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial uro-pathogens in veterinary practice. | 2015 | 26503106 |
| construction of specific primers for rapid detection of south african exportable vegetable macergens. | macergens are bacteria causing great damages to the parenchymatous tissues of vegetable both on the field and in transit. to effectively and rapidly investigate the diversity and distribution of these macergens, four specific primers were designed by retrieving 16s rdna sequences of pectolytic bacteria from genbank through the national center for biotechnology information (ncbi). these were aligned using clusterw via bioedit and primers were designed using primer3plus platform. the size and prim ... | 2015 | 26437427 |
| analysis of a pool of small plasmids from soil heterotrophic cultivable bacterial communities. | in this work the analysis of the plasmid presence on soil aerobic cultivable heterotrophic bacterial communities was carried out checking a panel of 1,200 isolates, in order to establish the frequency of plasmid presence as well as the degree of plasmid flow between strains affiliated to the same or different taxon. bacterial communities were isolated from two different sites of a 13-year experimental field with a clay-silt texture. plasmid molecules were detected at low frequency (27 isolates, ... | 2015 | 26464609 |