Publications

quantitative, semiautomated, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for viral antibodies.	a quantitative, semiautomated, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for viral antibodies was developed. the quantitation was based on the comparison of the antibody activity of a serum to a standard curve obtained from a reference serum. this comparison was made automatically by a programmable calculator connected with the spectrophotometer. the assay was simplified further by use of specially designed disposable microcuvettes and micropipettes. the reproducibility of the test was good (1 sd = 5%), ...	1977	198492
[immunofluorescent method of studying autopsy material in acute pneumonia].	the immunofluorescent procedure in examinations of the autopsy material from 304 fatal cases hospitalized for acute pneumonia permitted to diagnose influenza a2 in 29.0%, influenza b in 18.1%, parainfluenza in 3.5%, adenovirus infection in 9.2% and respiratory syncytial virus infection in 3.5% of the cases. in the period of a high incidence of acute respiratory infection, influenza a2 was detected by this method in 40.9% and influenza b in 50% of the cases. simultaneous examinations of the mater ...	1977	198964
susceptibility of bovine macrophage and tracheal-ring cultures to bovine viruses.	cultures of macrophages initiated from peripheral blood monocytes and organ cultures of tracheal rings were tested for their susceptibility to bovine viruses. with several notable exceptions, viruses cytopathogenic for bovine embryonic lung cultures were cytopathogenic for macrophages. although cowpox virus replicated in macrophages, pseudocowpox did not, and although pseudorabies virus replicated within macrophages, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and dn-599 herpesviruses did not. bluetongue ...	1977	201195
investigation of causative agents of bovine respiratory tract disease in a beef cow-calf herd with an early weaning program.	serum samples were collected from early weaned fall calves shortly after the onset of respiratory tract disease. antibody titers to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus, parainfluenza type 3 (pi-3) virus, bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus, bovine adenovirus type 3 (bav-3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) were determined on paired (acute and convalescent) serums. seroconversion rate (a fourfold or greater rise in antibody titer) for ibr virus was 4.3%, pi-3 virus--16.3%, bv ...	1977	201196
the viral etiology of acute respiratory infections in children in uganda.	the role of viruses in respiratory diseases of young children in uganda was studied. a viral etiology was established in 36% of the infections investigated. the most important pathogens were found to be respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza viruses, which were responsible for 26% of infections investigated. they caused both upper and lower respiratory tract diseases. there was little or no seasonal variation in the etiology of these infections. adenoviruses were found to be less importan ...	1977	201391
polypeptides of respiratory syncytial virus.	radiolabeled respiratory syncytial virus was purified from medium that had been harvested from infected hela cell monolayers before it contained much cellular debris. after isopycnic centrifugation in linear gradients prepared with sucrose dissolved in hanks balanced salt solution, almost all the infectivity and most of the radioactivity were recovered in a single band with density from 1.16 to 1.23 g/cm3 and a peak at 1.2 g/cm3. analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis resolved the purifi ...	1977	833931
respiratory syncytial virus in early infancy. circulating antibody and the severity of infection.	forty-one children less than 6 months of age from whom respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was isolated were divided into groups of varying severity of illness. no relationship was demonstrated between severity of illness and the complement fixation titer to rsv in cord sera, acute sera, or convalescent sera. an increase in igm level of greater or equal to 15 mg/100 ml in association with the rsv infection was seen more frequently in infants who had higher igm levels in their acute sera than in in ...	1977	835529
apnea associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in young infants.	the hospital charts of 274 infants under 6 months of age with culture-proved respiratory syncytial virus infections were reviewed. fifty-six infants (20.4%) demonstrated apnea in association with rsv infection. predisposing factors significantly correlated with apnea included premature birth and young chronologic age at the time of virus infection. the clinical implications of this association are discussed.	1977	839330
respiratory syncytial virus infections. comments.		1977	846773
the shedding and spreading of respiratory syncytial virus.		1977	846775
prospects for prevention of bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus.		1977	846778
human antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against target cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus.	a chromium release assay was established to study human antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (adcc) of hep 2 cells infected with respiratory syncytial (rs) virus. human peripheral blood lymphocytes in the presence of specific antibody to rs virus caused in vitro lysis of rs virus infected target cells. adcc was detected in sera of infants with rs virus infections and in specimens of colostrum. the ability of serum or colostrum to mediate the cytotoxic reaction appeared to be related to ...	1977	862248
mycoplasma pneumonia: a study on hospitalized american patients with pneumonia in vietnam.	a prospective study on consecutively hospitalized pneumonia patients showed that 41.5% of 58 patients had a fourfold rise in the complement-fixation titer for mycoplasma pneumoniae. viral isolation techniques and serologic tests for influenza a1, a2 and b, parainfluenza 1 and 3, respiratory syncytial virus and the adeno virus group yielded only a single positive isolate for influenza a2. serologic tests for melioidosis, leptospirosis, scrub, murine and epidemic typhus and psittacosis were all ne ...	1977	889014
isolation and characterization of further defective clones of a temperature sensitive mutant (ts-1) of respiratory syncytial virus.	after exposure of the temperature sensitive ts-1 mutant of respiratory syncytial virus to the chemical mutagne, nitrosoguanidine (ng), 2 clones of virus were recovered which were more temperature sensitive and stable genetically than the ts-1 mutant. the initial criterion used for selection of the 2 clones was decreased ability to produce plaques at 36 degrees c. subsequently it was shown that the 2 clones grew less well at the restrictive temperatures of 37 degrees and 38 degrees c than did the ...	1977	889442
[chronic infection of hela cells with respiratory syncytial virus].	chronic infection of hela cells with respiratory syncytial virus (hela-rs) was produced at a multiplicity of infection of 0.00005 tcd50/cell. during 144 days, 21 passages of hela-rs culture were done. the chronically infected cells did not differ from the control culture in the growth pattern and their proliferative activity. the infectious virus was found in the culture fluid with cells at 7 and 14 days after inoculation of the culture. subsequent attempts at isolation of the infectious virus f ...	1977	898888
further characterization of the complementation group b temperature-sensitive mutant of respiratory syncytial virus.	ts-2, a temperature-sensitive and plaque morphology mutant of respiratory syncytial virus and sole representative of complementation group b, was compared with members of the other complementation groups of respiratory syncytial virus (group a [ts-1] and group c [ts-7]). ts-2 was found to be 10- to 1,000-fold more restricted in growth and ability to spread at restrictive temperatures (37, 38, and 39 degrees c) than at the permissive temperature (32 degrees c). in temperature shift-up experiments ...	1977	904033
a field outbreak caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus.		1977	910662
effect of respiratory syncytial virus infection of hela-cell macromolecular synthesis.	cells infected with respiratory syncytial (rs) virus eventually die but there appears to be no specific mechanism for shutting off cellular synthesis of macromolecules. dna and rna synthesis, as measured by the incorporation of labelled thymidine or uridine, do not begin to shut down until some time between 11 and 18 h after infection. by 18 h their rates of synthesis are reduced to approx. 50% for dna and 35% for rna. protein synthesis continues throughout the course of infection at approximate ...	1977	915484
respiratory syncytial virus and influenza. practical community surveillance.	concurrent and sequential outbreaks of infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza a virus were studied, utilizing a local surveillance system for infectious diseases that involved weekly reports from primary care physicians. the patterns of illness in the community and in hospital admissions were relatively specific for these two viruses, and differed according to whether rsv and influenza a virus occurred together or separately. this surveillance system appeared to be a prac ...	1976	937281
growth and genetic stability of the ts-1 mutant of respiratory syncytial virus at restrictive temperatures.	an in vitro study was performed to define in greater detail those factors which favored the growth of the ts-1 mutant of respiratory syncytial virus under restrictive conditions and the emergence of genetically altered virus with decreased temperature sensitivity. replication of ts-1 occurred at each of the restrictive temperatures of 37, 38, and 39 c, even through plaque formation was not observed. the level of virus growth under restrictive conditions was inversely related to the incubation te ...	1976	943572
breast-feeding protects against respiratory syncytial virus infections.	eight out of 115 infants admitted to hospital with respiratory syncytial (rs) virus infection had been breast-fed compared with 46 out of 167 controls; this difference was statistically significant. twenty-one specimens of human colostrum were examined, and all contained rs virus neutralising activity. specific iga and igg were detected in 18 specimens, whereas igm was detected in none. the titre of iga antibody was usually higher and correlated more closely to the titre of neutralising activity ...	1976	953560
respiratory syncytial virus proteins.		1976	960560
isolation of respiratory syncytial virus from patients with lower respiratory tract infections in a paediatric observation ward in kenya.		1976	964190
[role of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in the aetiology of viruspneumonia in calves and yearlings ("pinkengriep") (author's transl)].	the clinical picture of "pinkengriep", an enzootic form of bronchopneumonia in young cattle, is described. in addition to cough, conjunctivitis and a soporous state, accelerated respiration initially is an outstanding clinical symptom. in some cases, symptoms of fog fever appear during the second stage of the disease. in the autumn of 1973 and that of 1974, a total number of 292 animals with "pinkengriep" were serologically examined for known respiratory virus infections and chlamydia. complemen ...	1976	968892
role of maternal antibody in pneumonia and bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus.	fifteen infants with pneumonia caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and 19 infants with bronchiolitis caused by rsv were studied for the influence of homologous, circulating neutralizing antibody on the severity of their illness. all infants were under nine months of age. although maternal neutralizing antibody did not prevent infection with rsv and illness, the severity of pneumonia caused by rsv was inversely related to the level of neutralizing antibody. the severity of bronchiolitis c ...	1976	977992
effect of serum and nasal neutralizing antibodies on bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in calves.	calves exposed to a bovine respiratory syncytial virus showed mild clinical signs of respiratory illness and responded serologically. the disease occurred in the presence or absence of circulating antibodies, but there was no evidence of exacerbation of the disease due to preexisting serum antibody. nasal secretory antibody appeared to protect the calves against the disease. calves previously exposed to the virus were immune to challenge. the virus was recovered at a high frequency when specimen ...	1976	978005
respiratory syncytial virus infection in north-east england.	during a period covering four winter epidemics 987 respiratory syncytial (rs) virus infections were identified in the children's wards that served a total population of about 875 000 in north-east england. the incidence of admission to hospital with rs virus infection tended to be twice as high among children in tyneside as that among children from the rest of the catchment area. the risk of hospital admission with rs virus infection in the first year of life for city children was about 1 in 50. ...	1976	990783
events following the infections of enucleate cells with measles virus.	the development of measles virus (edmonston) and sspe measles virus (horta-barbosa) has been examined in enucleate bsc 1 cells. new antigen synthesis in measles virus infected enucleate cells has been demonstrated by fluorescent antibody, by the formation of extensive syncytia from enucleate cells alone and by analysis of polypeptide formation by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. all polypeptides formed in nucleate cells were also present in enucleate cells but the amount synthesized was reduc ...	1976	1018171
a comparison of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infections among infants admitted to hospital with acute respiratory infections.	among 741 children under 5 years admitted to hospital with respiratory infections during two winters, infection with influenza a virus was diagnosed in 70 (9%), with influenza b virus in 8 (1%), and with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in 259 (35%). both influenza virus and rsv infections were diagnosed most frequently in children under the age of one year, and diagnosed more frequently in males than females. influenza illnesses were more severe in boys than girls. both infections occurred mor ...	1976	1069818
isolation of viruses and mycoplasmas from middle ear effusions: a review.	reports of studies of middle ear effusions (mee) obtained by needle aspiration are reviewed in this paper; viruses were isolated from 29 of 663 patients (4.4%) and respiratory syncytial virus was isolated most frequently (22 patients); only one mycoplasma, m. pneumoniae, was recovered from the mee of 771 patients. viruses were also sought from the throat or nasopharynx of 249 patients with mee; 59 patients (23.7%) had a respiratory virus present. m. pneumoniae was isolated from the throat or nas ...	1976	178266
evaluation of a live, attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine in infants.	respiratory syncytial virus ts-1 is a live attenuated experimental vaccine which was administered intranasally to 25 infants 11 to 19 months of age. clinical evaluation was carried out following a controlled, double-blind protocol which eliminated observer bias, assessed intercurrent illness, and was designed to detect virus transmission. at the low dose of virus of virus used (100 tcid50) 8 of the 25 recipients were successfully infected with rs virus ts-1 as determined by virus shedding or ant ...	1976	178852
respiratory syncytial virus infections in infants: quantitation and duration of shedding.	infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection were studied to delineate the quantitative shedding patterns and duration of shedding of rsv. nasal wash specimens collected daily from 19 infants contained a mean maximal titer of 4.34 log10 50% tissue culture infective doses per milliliter. on admission, the mean titer was 4.14 log10 tcid50, with no consistent decline until after day 6. the mean duration of shedding for 23 patients until they were virus negative was 6.7 days with ...	1976	180274
effect of passive antibody on parainfluenza virus type 3 pneumonia in hamsters.	both parainfluenza virus type 3 and respiratory syncytial virus may produce life-threatening pneumonia or bronchiolitis in infants less than 6 months old. almost all infants in this age group possess passively acquired maternal antibodies to both viruses. it has been suggested that maternal antibodies may actually participate in the pathogenesis of these diseases in early infancy. this investigation examined the effect of moderate levels of passive antibody on the development of pneumonia in ham ...	1976	181324
respiratory syncytial virus and heart disease. a report of two cases.	two patients had cardiac disease and serological evidence for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the first patient had myocarditis and complete atrioventricular heart block with repeated syncopal episodes two weeks following infection. the second patient had alcoholic cardiomyopathy and worsening congestive heart failure associated with rsv infection. the significance of rsv infection in these two patients may bear a significant relationship to sudden infant death syndrome, chronic car ...	1976	181602
isolation and properties of reovirus from cattle in an outbreak of acute respiratory disease.	a cytopathogenic virus was isolated in the primary culture of bovine kidney cells from a nasal swab of affected calves in an outbreak of acute respiratory disease in japan in 1971. it agglutinated human type o erythrocytes and produced cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. viral replication was inhibited by 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine, indicating that the viral nucleic acid was rna. the virus was resistant to ether, chloroform, sodium deoxycholate, and acid, and passed readily through sartorius' membrane fil ...	1976	181678
viral infection in wheezy bronchitis and asthma in children.	virus isolation was attempted on 267 out of 360 patients with wheezy bronchitis or asthma admitted to hospital during a 3-year period. viruses were isolated on 39 occasions, the most common being respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus. the peak months for virus isolation were february and august. virus isolation was significantly more common in readmissions than in first admissions (p less than 0-01). viruses were isolated in both sexes throughout childhood and though the admission rate fell ...	1976	187127
virus antibody levels in iga deficiency.	iga-deficient blood donors and their age- and sex-matched controls were compared for the occurrence of complement-fixing antibodies in serum against several viruses. the level in the iga-deficient persons was slightly higher against several respiratory pathogens (adenoviruses, type b influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus) that give rise to localized infections, and against coxsackie b group of viruses. no corresponding difference was observed in mumps, varicella, ...	1976	189383
viral, mycoplasma and bacterial infections in nurses with symptoms of respiratory diseases.	a consecutive series of 282 nurses of the university hospital, groningen, with complaints of the nose and/or throat associated with coughing and/or hoarseness were examined between april 1965 and february 1968. the intent was to obtain information on the incidence of viral, mycoplasma and bacterial infections, and on the relationship of these infections in nurses with chronic nonspecific lung disease (cnsld). the following results were obtained: 1. virus infections caused by influenza virus (a, ...	1976	189386
respiratory syncytial virus infections within families.	to examine intrafamily spread of respiratory syncytial virus infections and their associated illnesses, 36 families with 188 members were studied during an outbreak of such infections. nurses visited every three to four days to obtain specimens for viral isolation and interview household members. the virus infected 44.4 per cent of families, and 21.9 per cent of all members. all age groups had appreciable attack rates (with a range of 16.8 per cent in adults to 29.4 per cent in infants). in infe ...	1976	173995
rhinovirus and influenza type a infections as precipitants of asthma.	specimens from 49 persons, 3 to 60 years of age, who were prone to attacks of apparently infectious asthma were cultured for viruses and bacteria during episodes of symptomatic respiratory infection from september 1972 to june 1973. seventy-one of 128 episodes (55 per cent) of symptomatic respiratory infection occurred with asthma. shedding of respiratory pathogens was associated with 43 of the 128 episodes, and 19 of the 43 etiologically defined episodes occurred with wheezing. seven of 15 rhin ...	1976	174464
respiratory syncytial virus-specific rna synthesis in primary monkey kidney cell cultures.	primary rhesus monkey kidney (mk) cell cultures were inoculated with respiratory syncytial virus and treated or untreated with actinomycin d before pulse labeling with uridine-5-3h. the virus-specific rna synthesis was noted at its peak in the nucleoplasm and possibly less so in the cytoplasm of infected cells. at 48 and 72 hours post-inoculation (p.i.), small fractions of available cells were synthesising virus-specific rna with labeling index of 15% and 18% respectively. by 48 hours p.i. syncy ...	1976	9807
the growth of respiratory syncytial virus in organ cultures of bovine foetal trachea.	respiratory syncytial (rs) virus grown in organ cultures of bovine foetal trachea at 37 degrees c and ph 7.2 reached maximum titres of up to 1 x 10(5) pfu/ml between 11 and 21 days after inoculation. virus yield was increased three fold by incubation at 33 degrees c, but depressed by the addition of rs virus antiserum, with or without bovine complement, or by the addition of alveolar macrophages. variation in ph or the concentration of foetal calf serum and magnesium chloride did not affect the ...	1976	11765
immunity after infections with myxoviruses.	influenza, parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial viruses cause respiratory infections in man with consequent transient and sometimes imperfect against reinfection. humoral immunity and probably cell-mediated immunity contribute to resistance. whereas circulating antibodies are more important for influenza viruses, secretory antibody are relatively speaking more important for parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial virsues. measles and mumps induced longlasting immunity which can be correlated ...	1976	59707
a study of possible biohazards in the fluorescent antibody test using adenovirus, coxsackievirus, herpesvirus, and respiratory syncytial virus as antigens.	infectious adenovirus type 5 and coxsackievirus type b5, both nonlipid-containing viruses, were isolated from cells fixed in acetone at 22 degrees c for 15 min, from acetone used for fixation, from the solution used for washing slides during the fluorescent antibody procedure, and after complete processing of antigen preparations with serial twofold dilutions of human antisera and fluorescein-labeled goat anti-human immunoglobulin g. lipid-containing herpes simplex virus type 1 and respiratory s ...	1976	61971
respiratory syncytial virus ts mutants and nuclear immunofluorescence.	a replicated sector-plating procedure was used to isolate 35 induced temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants and one spontaneous ts mutant from a wild-type stock of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus cloned from recent clinical material. seven of these mutants were ts for plaque formation at 37 degrees c as well as at the restrictive temperature of 39 degrees c. the wild-type strain did not differ markedly from standard laboratory strains of rs virus. it was dependent on exogenous arginine (84 mug/ml) ...	1976	62058
[changes in cell mitosis under the influence of antigenically different strains of respiratory syncytial virus].	a peculiar effect on mitosis of rh cells of the reference long strain and strain no. 14 of respiratory syncytial virus isolated during a rise of the incidence of acute respiratory diseases in kharkov was observed. the long strain affected mostly the qualitative and strain no. 14 the quantitative aspects of cell mitosis. the character of pathological mitoses under the influence of the long strain indicated more considerable impairment of the mitotic apparatus of the cells than that caused by the ...	1976	64029
[elaboration of a method of producing a highly-active respiratory-syncytial virus diagnosticum for the indirect hemagglutination test].		1976	67717
cell-mediated immunity to respiratory syncytial virus induced by inactivated vaccine or by infection.	transformation and increased mitotic activity in donor lymphocytes exposed to specific antigens is considered by many to be a manifestation of cell-mediated immunity. in attempts to understand the apparent "sensitization" of individuals to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) as a result of receiving inactivated rsv vaccine, in vitro lymphocyte transformation studies were carried out on infants who had received inactivated rsv vaccine and on infants who had received a similarly prepared inactivated ...	1976	1246465
the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infant ferrets.	the infant ferret is susceptible to respiratory syncytial virus infection in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. in the nose, viral replication is restricted to the surface respiratory epithelium in the nasal passages and turbinates. in the lungs, viral replication is of a lower order of magnitude and is localized in the alveolar cells. the pattern of viral replication in nasal tissues is independent of the age of the animal at infection, whereas the pattern in lung tissues shows a stri ...	1976	1251889
persistent infection of cells in culture by respiratory syncytial virus.	the virus-cell relationship of rs virus and the hep-2 cell line has been examined. the production of cytopathic effect (c.p.e.) on hep-2 cells has been found to be dependent upon the passage level of the cell line. cells at lower passage levels exhibit c.p.e. in the form of syncytium formation, while those at higher passage levels no longer exhibit this effect. cells infected at higher passage levels are covertly infected and continue to produce large amounts of infectious virus which remains c ...	1976	1265052
infections in preschool children in group day care.	viral and bacterial infections in 20 children under 3 years of age were studied in a day centre for 12 weeks. febrile illnesses were found on one occasion in each of 11 children but no serious infection occurred. pneumococci types 6, 9, or 19 were isolated from all children but more often from those with rhinitis or cough. the individual child had an average of 2 viral infections. adenovirus types 1, 2, 5, coxsackievirus type b5, herpes simplex virus or respiratory syncytial virus was isolated f ...	1976	779398
the incidence and aetiology of respiratory tract infections in general practice--with emphasis on mycoplasma pneumoniae.	the incidence of respiratory tract infections in patients seeking medical advice at a community care centre (dalby) during 1973 and 1974 was studied. about every third patient seen at this primary health station presented with signs of such infections. in the age groups less than 10, 10-19, 20-39, 40-59 and greater than or equal to 60 years, respiratory tract infections accounted for 65, 45, 32, 18 and 9% of the fotal number of diagnoses made during 1974. the aetiology of acute respiratory tract ...	1976	783048
detection of antibody to respiratory syncytial virus by membrane fluorescence.	an indirect membrane fluorescent antibody technique was established to study hep 2 cells infected with respiratory syncytial (rs) virus. it was possible to detect igg and igm antibody to rs virus in the sera of patients with respiratory infections using this technique. the technique was further applied to the detection of iga antibody to the same virus in colostrum.	1976	793751
scanning electron microscopical demonstration of respiratory syncytial virus antigens by immunological markers.		1975	807741
quantitative shedding patterns of respiratory syncytial virus in infants.	quantitative shedding patterns of respiratory syncytial virus in 40 infants hospitalized with acute disease of the lower respiratory tract were determined for elucidation of the pathophysiology of infection with the virus. nasal wash specimens were collected on admission and daily thereafter and were tested for the presence and quantities of respiratory syncytial virus. the following pattern of shedding was observed. (1) the virus was shed for prolonged periods. for the first seven days of hospi ...	1975	808581
cytopathological and cytochemical studies on respiratory viruses in tissue cultured cells. iv. infection with mumps and respiratory syncytial virus.		1975	814094
letter: temporary paralysis after infection by respiratory syncytial virus.		1975	47500
myxoviruses.	myxoviruses can be divided into 2 groups, orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses. the former comprise the influenza group which is subdivided into types a,b and c. influenza b and c are purely human pathogens but influenza a, which includes a large number of antigenic subtypes, occurs in nature in pigs, horses, birds and man. all influenza a viruses irrespective of origin are chemically, biologically and genetically related. the epidemics which they cause are curious and puzzling and are an import ...	1975	47825
secretory component and sudden-infant-death syndrome.	post-mortem specimens of blood, respiratory-tract washings, bronchopulmonary tissue, spleen, and thymus were examined for respiratory viruses, immunoglobulins, and secretory component (s.c.) in eight infants with sudden-infant-death syndrome (s.i.d.s) and in eight other (control) infants with an identifiable cause of death. serum-immunoglobulin levels were similar in infants with s.i.d.s. and in control infants. in some s.i.d.s. cases serum-igm was slightly raised. respiratory syncytial virus wa ...	1975	51192
[methods of obtaining standard diagnostic sera to respiratory syncytial virus].		1975	57269
survey of adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus antibodies in pondicherry area--south india.		1975	175011
[recognition of influenza and other acute respiratory virus infections and their combinations by means of immunofluorescence].	the results of postmortem examinations performed in 237 fatal cases of influenza and other acute respiratory diseases are presented. in smears of organs and tissue culture cells infected with these materials and heart blood the immunofluorescent procedure detected influenza virus antigens in 67% of the cases, antigens of other respiratory viruses in 53% including 18-19% of mixed infections. parallel immunofluorescent studies in living patients and isolation of influenza virus and adenoviruses in ...	1975	176823
diagnosis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection by complement fixation test.	the complement fixation test by the microtiter method was applied to the serological diagnosis of bovine respiratory syncytial (rs) virus infection. when used as complement fixing antigens, untreated infected cell culture fluid, fluorocarbon-treated, and ether-treated materials showed no differences in antigenicity among them. the complement fixing antigenicity of bovine rs virus appeared in bovine kidney and vero cell cultures for the first time 4 days after inoculation. both the infectivity an ...	1975	174010
clinically useful method for the isolation of respiratory syncytial virus.	a simple method for the isolation of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is reported; it is relatively rapid and results in a high frequency of recovery of virus. a nasal secretion specimen with high titers of virus is inoculated at the bedside onto susceptible cell lines to avoid loss of viral infectivity due to liability of the virus. during an outbreak of rsv, viral specimens were obtained by this method from all young children admitted to the hospital with lower respiratory tract disease. rsv ...	1975	162921
the tecumseh study of respiratory illness. viii. acute infection in chronic respiratory disease and comparison groups.	individuals with chronic lung disease and their families were selected from the tecumsch community along with similarly selected families as comparison groups and studied for 1-year periods. occurence of acute respiratory illness was ascertained weekly by telephone and calculated as an annual rate. persons with chronic bronchitis not only experienced more acute lower respiratory illness than healthy comparison subjects, but total illness rates were somewhat higher as well. infection rates were d ...	1975	163065
virus development in enucleate cells: echovirus, poliovirus, pseudorabies virus, reovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and semliki forest virus.	a group of rna viruses, echovirus, poliovirus, reovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and semliki forest virus have been examined for ability to grow in enucleate african green monkey kidney (bsci) cells. semliki forest virus produced an almost normal yield of virus but poliovirus, echovirus, reovirus and respiratory syncytial virus, although showing clear evidence of virus replication when compared with a nuclear dna virus (pseudorabies virus) gave much lower yields than those from nucleate cell ...	1975	163289
an outbreak of severe pneumonia due to respiratory syncytial virus in isolated arctic populations.	a rapidly developing outbreak of pneumonia in young infants was documented in two isolated artic populations in may 1972. these were studied virologically, serologically and clinically. in addition to the two stricken communities, one apparently unaffected with serious clinical illness and a fourth, in which are located the major hospital and airport in the eastern arctic, were also studied. one hundred and twenty-four patients were studied serologically and 81 respiratory and other specimens we ...	1975	163574
potential of attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine for infants and children.	respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease is a major cause of death and hospitalization in infancy and a frequent cause of morbidity throughout childhood. serum antibody does not protect as is evident from the study of natural disease and use of killed vaccines. local antibody responses occur in natural illness. possibly serum antibody in the absence of local antibody plays a part in illness. we have studied local and serum antibody response to potential attenuated vaccines: a 26 degrees c adapt ...	1975	165119
serologic profile of children in a mexican highland community: prevalence of complement-fixing antibodies to mycoplasma pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza viruses.	the study investigated the prevalence of antibodies to five leading agents of childhood respiratory disease in the county of huixquilucan, mexico. tests of sera from a random sample of children between 3 months and 18 years of age confirmed serologically the presence of mycoplasma pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial (rs) virus and parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3 viruses in this relatively isolated highland community. highest overall antibody frequency of 64.2% was seen for parainfluenza 3, and antibody t ...	1975	165720
experimental infection of calves with respiratory syncytial virus.	three bovine isolates and one human isolate of rs virus were given intranasally to gnotobiotic, colostrum-deprived and conventional calves. all isolates produced a biphasic pyrexia associated with a serous nasal discharge. virus was recovered from nasal secretions 4-10 days after inoculation from nasal, tracheal and bronchial mucosae and lung of animals killed 7-13 days after inoculation. infection did not produce any macroscopic lesions, but histologically there was a focal degenerative rhiniti ...	1975	167410
new human adenovirus isolated from a renal transplant recipient: description and characterization of candiate adenovirus type 34.	an antigenically distinct adenovirus is described which was isolated in march 1972 from the urine of a 17-year-old caucasian male who was experiencing fever after receiving a kidney transplant from a cadaver in february. the adenovirus could not be isolated in april from a pharyngeal swab which yielded cytomegalovirus. complement-fixation, hemagglutination-inhibition, and/or serum-neutralization tests on sequential serum specimens from the patient confirmed that the adenovirus infection occurred ...	1975	170313
physicochemical and serological characteristics of respiratory virus fluorescein-isothiocyanate conjugates for fluorescent-antibody diagnosis.	fluorescein-isothiocyanate (fitc) conjugates were prepared by improved methods from standard reference antisera to influenza a and b, mumps, parainfluenza 1, 2, 3, and 4, herpesvirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenovirus hexon. the antisera, prepared in a variety of animals, were fractionated three times with selected optimal concentrations of ammonium sulfate and yielded gamma globulins of adequate purity for conjugation with fitc. conjugates containing optimal fluorescein-to-protein rat ...	1975	170315
[respiratory tract infections of viral origin in infants. examination of 103 serum pairs in autumn and following spring].	in autumn 1973 und about four months later in spring 1974 blood samples were taken from the same 103 children aged from a few months to five years and coming from different parts of bavaria. we examined the samples for complement-fixing antibodies against the influenza virus types a, b and c, the parainfluenza virus types 1, 2 and 3, the adenoviruses and the respiratory-syncytial virus, and for neutralising antibodies against the echo virus type 25. at the commencement of the investigation the m ...	1975	172769
[serological studies of the role of the respiratory syncytial virus in acute respiratory diseases in children].	the presence of the syncytial respiratory virus was determined by cf in 281 children admitted with acute respiratory diseases between 15 sept. 1971 and 30 dec. 1973, using the long antigen prepared in the "st. nicolau" institute of virology, bucharest. in 38 children (13.5%) a serologic diagnosis of infection with the syncytial virus was established; in the other cases of respiratory infection of different etiology, antibodies to the syncytial virus were found in low but constant titers in both ...	1975	173009
respiratory virus disease in malaysian children: a serological study.	paired sera from 101 malaysian children aged up to 10 years and suffering from respiratory illnesses were examined serologically for evidence of respiratory viral infections. of these children, 32.6% showed rising antibody titres for one or more of the test agents. respiratory syncytial virus appeared to be the main respiratory pathogen involved, followed by mycoplasma pneumoniae, parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses, and influenza a virus. these findings are generally similar to those reported b ...	1975	1084808
[infections in children with respiratory syncytial virus. a rapid diagnostic method for virus isolation in the nasopharyngeal aspirate].		1975	1096354
effect of acetone fixation on infectivity and antigenicity of respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus in the fluorescent antibody test.	an investigation was made on the effect of acetone fixation on infectivity and immunofluorescent antigenicity of respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus type 5, lipid- and nonlipid-containing viruses, respectively. viruses were allowed to replicate in hep-2 cells, and the cells were then fixed in acetone at 5 c for periods ranging from 30 s to 7 days. treatment for 10 min was sufficient to inactivate respiratory syncytial virus, whereas infectious adenovirus type 5 could be isolated from cell ...	1975	1100650
recovery of infectious proviral dna from mammalian cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus.	the dna fraction from a line of bovine embryonic kidney cells originally exposed as primary cultures several months earlier to a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus could be used to transfect human hep-2 cells with the production of infectious rs virus. the dna donor cells, designated bek/rs ts, retained their healthy fibroblastic appearance during continuous cultivation at a temperature (39 degrees) restrictive for growth of the original infecting mutant and sh ...	1975	1103142
viral and mycoplasmal pneumonias: reviewing current concepts.	the pathogenesis of viral and mycoplasmal infections is probably similar, but pathologic findings vary, depending on the etiologic agent. in the absence of inclusion bodies in epithelial cells, definitive diagnosis of viral pneumonia depends on isolation of the virus. viral pneumonias are more insidious in onset than bacterial types. in the early stages, physical findings may be minimal. complications include those associated with viremia or bacterial superinfection. culture of a throat swab is ...	1975	1105492
isolation, characterization, and pathogenicity studies of a bovine respiratory syncytial virus.	the isolation and characterization of a bovine respiratory syncytial (rs) virus is described. serological studies indicate that bovine rs virus is widespread in iowa cattle and that it is involved in some outbreaks of respiratory disease. experimental infection in calves indicates that the virus can cause illness in calves, particularly those with serum neutralizing antibody.	1975	1119944
hospital cross-infection on children's wards with respiratory syncytial virus and the role of adult carriage.	a further 18 children who acquired respiratory syncytial (r.s.) virus infection on general paediatric wards have been identified, bringing the total number of hospital cross-infections by this virus to 46 for the last 3 annual r.s. virus epidemics on tyneside. 25 of these 46 illnesses involved the lower respiratory tract. carriage of r.s. virus by staff and visitors was studied on one ward, and appeared to be responsible for at least 2 and probably 4 of the 6 cross-infections detected on this wa ...	1975	1155072
[formation and action of interferon in experimental respiratory syncytial infection].	respiratory syncytial virus multiplying activity in the lungs of newborn and 6-day-old cotton rats, induced production of considerable amounts of interferon. interferon production correlated with virus multiplication. lower interferon titers were observed in the lungs of newborn cotton rats than in the lungs of 6-day-old animals. rs virus also induced production of serum interferon upon intraperitoneal inoculation, its titers being 2 times as low as after inoculation of equal doses of newcastle ...	1975	1162951
viral antibodies in the csf after acute cns infections.	viral antibodies were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and serum from 25 patients having acute viral central nervous system (cns) infections, and from 39 control patients. the results, collected two weeks after the clinical onset, revealed the presence of antibodies in nine of 13 (69%) csf specimens from patients suffering from encephalitis of myelitis, and in only one of nine (11%) of the csf samples of those presenting a viral meningitis infection. this difference was statistically si ...	1975	1164214
reye syndrome with associated influenza a and b infection.	in early 1974, seventeen children were treated for reye syndrome. thirteen of these were studied for laboratory evidence of concomitant viral infection. influenza b/hong kong was isolated from the pharynx in four of nine 1974 cases tested. one child had just recovered from varicella. adenovirus type 2 and respiratory syncytial virus were isolated from two additional patients. serologic tests for influenza suggested concomitant or recent influenza b infection in ten of 13 of 1971 cases. during fe ...	1975	1174373
stability of respiratory syncytial virus in a new bentonite holding medium.	stability of respiratory syncytial virus was determined in a new bentonite holding medium and compared with two other commonly used media. eventual infectivity titers were similar with all three preparations.	1975	1176622
nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections.	we studied the frequency and severity of respiratory syncytial virus infections acquired nosocomially on an infants' ward during a community outbreak. every three or four days all infants and staff were examined, and specimens were obtained for viral isolation. during two months, 14 of 44 contact infants acquired the virus. all were ill, and four had pneumonia. infected infants had a significantly longer mean hospital stay (21.5 days) than uninfected ones (9.2 days, p less than 0.001). risk of n ...	1975	1186836
[frequency of serologic conversion of complement fixing antibodies fc by respiratory viruses in cases of acute juvenile respiratory disease].	the complement fixation test, run on double samples of serum pertaining to 447 children hospitalized between january 1971 and june 1974 at ospedale maggiore in novara, or checked in consulting rooms for acute phlogosis of the respiratory organs, has permitted to detect in 241 children, equal to the 53,9% of the total cases, a significant increase of antibodies for respiratory viruses (influenza a, b, c, parainfluenza 1, 2, 3. respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, reovirus). specifically, in t ...	1975	1205032
[viremia in respiratory syncytial virus infection].	viremia was demonstrated to occur in experimental respiratory syncytial (rs) virus infection in suckling cotton rats and in natural infection in children. rs virus was isolated from the whole blood of the animals in 3 out of 6 experiments at 2, 5, 6, 7 and 15 days after inoculation, the maximum infectious titer being more than 10(4) tcpd50/0.1 ml. rs virus was also isolated from the blood of 7 out of 15 examined children presenting the typical clinical picture of rs virus disease during the epid ...	1975	1216838
letter: growth of respiratory syncytial virus in rk13 cells.		1974	4136913
bovine respiratory syncytial virus: host range in laboratory animals and cell cultures.		1974	4209456
virus isolations from patients in general practice, 1961-71.	during the period 1961-71 of 1785 viruses isolated from patients in the general population 503 (28%) were rhinoviruses, 465 (26%) influenza viruses, 248 (14%) enteroviruses, 234 (13%) herpes simplex virus, 132 (7%) parainfluenza viruses, 129 (7%) adenoviruses and 49 (3%) respiratory syncytial virus. also isolated were 18 strains of mumps virus, 7 coronaviruses and 295 streptococci of groups a, c or g.fluctuations were observed in the frequency with which respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenz ...	1974	4362413
virological findings and blood gas tensions in acute lower respiratory tract infections in children.	sequential blood gas tensions and ph have been measured in 84 children selected from 486 admitted to hospital during a 15-month period with acute lower respiratory tract infections. of those selected 73 were treated conservatively and 11 by intermittent positive-pressure ventilation; one infant in the latter group died. respiratory syncytial virus (r.s.v.) was isolated from 24 out of 62 patients studied and the main pathogen in the most severely affected infants. statistical analysis showed that ...	1974	4366122
acute respiratory failure in bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infancy. modes of presentation and treatment.	the modes of presentation and the management of acute respiratory failure in 11 infants with severe lower respiratory tract infections (due to respiratory syncytial virus in eight) are described. progressive respiratory difficulties leading to exhaustion, peripheral circulatory collapse, recurrent apnoeic attacks, or generalized convulsions were the main clinical presentations resulting in severe ventilatory failure. in nine infants preventilation carbon dioxide tensions exceeded 65 mm hg. it se ...	1974	4366123
respiratory syncytial virus in infants and children.		1974	4373702
the tecumseh study of respiratory illness. vii. further observations on the occurrence of respiratory syncytial virus and mycoplasma pneumoniae infections.	the occurrence of infection with respiratory syncytial (rs) virus and mycoplasma pneumoniae was determined over a 6-year period among residents of tecumseh, michigan by isolation and serology. rs virus infection was detected for a variable time each year during the months extending from november to may. there was little viral activity in intervals between these periods of prevalence, which occurred on an alternating short-long cycle. higher infection rates were detected in periods preceding the ...	1974	4374887
[respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults].		1974	4377451
the radiological findings in respiratory syncytial virus infection in children. ii. the correlation of radiological categories with clinical and virological findings.		1974	4423578
biophysical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus.		1974	4465906
sero-epidemiological survey of respiratory syncytial virus infection in pondicherry area--south india.		1974	4468943
studies on respiratory syncytial virus. ii. stabilization of respiratory syncytial virus.		1974	4479498