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interferon production by human mononuclear leukocytes: differences between respiratory syncytial virus and influenza viruses.the ability of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) to induce interferon production by human mononuclear leukocytes was compared with that of influenza viruses. cell culture fluids were assayed for interferon activity 1, 3 and 7 days after exposure to rsv or to one of two subtypes of influenza a virus (h0n1 and h3n2). rsv induced interferon production inconsistently and in low titers. varying the multiplicity of infection did not improve the ability of rsv to induce interferon production. in contra ...19816163726
the development of respiratory syncytial virus-specific ige and the release of histamine in nasopharyngeal secretions after infection.we studied the development of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific ige and the release of histamine in nasopharyngeal secretions from 79 infants with various forms of respiratory illness due to rsv. rsv-ige was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; specificity was confirmed by appropriate blocking experiments. histamine content in the secretions was determined by fluorimetric methods. rsv-ige was detectable in only one of 19 patients with rsv infection without wheezing, but was ...19816168908
interferon, fluorescent antibody, and neutralizing antibody responses in sera of calves inoculated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus.interferon, fluorescent antibody, and neutralizing antibody responses were studied in sera of 9 calves inoculated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus, in relation to viral shedding and clinical signs of disease. the calves (5.5 to 6.5 weeks of age) were assigned to 3 groups. group i was inoculated once with the virus, and groups ii and iii were challenge exposed at postinoculation day (pid) 15 or 37. serum-neutralizing and indirect fluorescent antibody techniques were used to measure antibod ...19816170241
maternal antibody and respiratory syncytial virus infection in infancy.one hundred newborn infants were studied prospectively for 1 year for evidence of infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the indirect membrane fluorescence technique was used to determine specific antibody in sera. infection was shown in 29 cases. in 31 infants exposed to an rsv epidemic season, there was no evidence of infection. maternal antenatal sera were also tested, and wide range of igg antibody to rsv was found. mean titre of maternal igg antibody to rsv was significantly high ...19817038043
risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection for infants from low-income families in relationship to age, sex, ethnic group, and maternal antibody level.the risk for hospitalization with respiratory syncytial virus infection during the first year of life was about five per 1,000 live births per year for infants born to low-income families in houston from 1975 to 1979. the risk varied depending upon the intensity of the epidemic for a given season, the month of birth of the infant, and the level of passively acquired maternal antibody at the time of birth. over 80% of the children hospitalized were less than 6 months of age; thus, most were born ...19817229749
the development of balb/c cells persistently infected with respiratory syncytial virus: presence of ribonucleoprotein on the cell surface. 19817232415
nosocomial respiratory syncytial viral infections. should gowns and masks be used?the efficacy of infection control procedures utilizing gowns and masks in the control of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections was evaluated by comparing the rate of nosocomial rsv infections in infants and ward personnel during two sequential periods when gowns and masks were used (period 1) and not used (period 2). all patients (162) and staff (36) on our infants' ward were examined for signs of respiratory infection and had nasal washes obtained for viral isolation every two ...19817234784
a two year prospective study of hospital-acquired respiratory virus infection on paediatric wards.over a 24 month period on six paediatric wards of different designs 169 cases of possible hospital-acquired respiratory virus infection were investigated. a variety of viruses was isolated from 82 cases, the most common being respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, parainfluenza, adenoviruses and rhinoviruses. a further 73 children developed respiratory symptoms between 3 and 300 days after administration but viruses were not demonstrable by the techniques used. these children were thought to ha ...19817240735
respiratory syncytial virus proteins: identification by immunoprecipitation.the proteins of respiratory syncytial virus have not been clearly identified due to the lability of the virus and difficulties in its purification. we have pulse-labeled respiratory syncytial virus with [35s]methionine and [35s]cysteine and analyzed cell lysates by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. five 35s-labeled viral proteins ranging in molecular weight from 21,000 to 73,000 (vp73, vp44, vp35, vp28, and vp21) were easily discernable above background cellular proteins. treatment of the infe ...19817241656
[immunological studies of the relation between respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and bronchiolitis]. 19817242476
legionnaires' disease combined with erythema multiforme in a 3-year-old boy.a case of legionnaires' disease (ld) is described in a 3-year-old boy. he had fulminant disease with typical signs like bilateral pneumonia, gastrointestinal symptoms, and somnolence indicating involvement of the central nervous system. there was no premorbidity. an outstanding development was erythema multiforme, which has never previously been described in ld. the basic disease was caused by legionella pneumophila. this is evidenced by specific serum igm at admission and a subsequent significa ...19817246139
inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus-host cell interactions by mono- and diamidines.several aromatic mono- and diamidines were found to block cell fusion induced by respiratory syncytial virus. the best inhibitors were able to achieve complete suppression of syncytium formation at a concentration of 1.0 microm. inhibition occurred in respiratory syncytial virus-infected hep-2 and cv-1 cells, but the same inhibitors were ineffective in preventing fusion induced by parainfluenza virus type 3. the fusion inhibitors did not reduce single-cycle virus yields, but did reduce multiple- ...19817247387
respiratory syncytial virus. 19817249574
effect of respiratory syncytial virus and virus-antibody complexes on the oxidative metabolism of human neutrophils.the effect of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) or mixtures of rsv and its specific antibody on the oxidative metabolic activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes was studied by the technique of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. peripheral blood neutrophils obtained from normal healthy donors were used. rsv alone failed to induce any chemiluminescent response by the neutrophils. however, mixtures of rsv and rsv antibody-positive serum regularly elicited significant neutrophil chemilumines ...19817251140
modes of transmission of respiratory syncytial virus. 19817252646
bronchomammary axis in the immune response to respiratory syncytial virus.the products of lactation from 26 nursing mothers were sequentially examined over several months for the presence or appearance of antibodies directed against respiratory syncytial virus. antiviral igm and igg were rarely identified in either colostrum or milk. rsv-specific iga was found in 75% (18/24) of specimens of colostrum; 40% (6/15) and 59% (4/7) of milk samples obtained at three and six months still contained specific iga antibody. the latter increase was felt to represent boosting of ex ...19817252673
acute fatal pneumonia in calves due to respiratory syncytial virus.an acute pneumonia developed in 28 calves which had been housed together from one to two weeks of age. the clinical signs included pyrexia, tachypnoea, respiratory distress and coughing. some of the calves died. the pneumonia was characterised by an alveolitis with multinucleated syncytia, alveolar epithelial hyperplasia and bronchiolitis. interstitial emphysema was also present. fifteen of 19 calves examined serologically had rising neutralising antibody titres to respiratory syncytial virus; i ...19817257127
activation of complement by cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus.the ability of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected he(p)-2 cells in culture to activate complement was investigated. after incubation of cells with various complement sources and buffer, binding of c3b to surfaces of infected cells was demonstrated by immunofluorescence with a double-staining technique. nonsyncytial and syncytial (i.e., fused, multinucleated) cells were separately enumerated. also, lysis of rsv-infected cells was assessed by lactic dehydrogenase release. in this system on ...19817263071
acute fatal pneumonia in calves due to respiratory syncytial virus. 19817269190
characteristics of a persistent respiratory syncytial virus infection in hela cells. 19817269238
infectivity of respiratory syncytial virus by various routes of inoculation.to understand the transmission of respiratory syncytial virus, we examined the frequency of infection in volunteers after inoculation by different routes with varying doses of virus. thirty-two adult volunteers received serial dilutions of a safety-tested live strain of respiratory syncytial virus instilled into nose, eye, or mouth. the highest inoculum, 5.2 log10 50% tissue culture infective dose (tcid50), was administered to four groups of four subjects each, by nose to one group, by eye to on ...19817287181
antigen and polypeptide synthesis by temperature-sensitive mutants of respiratory syncytial virus.a revised nomenclature for the polypeptides of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus has been devised on the basis of comparison of the long, a2 and rsn-2 strains by slab-gel electrophoresis. seven polypeptides, now designated vp200, vgp48, vpn41, vpp32, vpm27, vp25 and vp10, were observed in preparations of all three strains of rs virus, irrespective of the host cell of origin. in addition, a slowly migrating glycopolypeptide gp1 was prominent in partially purified rs virus of the long and a2 strain ...19817288405
acute fatal pneumonia in calves due to respiratory syncytial virus. 19817292939
secretory antibody response to respiratory syncytial virus infection.the secretory antibody response to primary and secondary infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in igg, igm and 11s iga immunoglobulin classes was determined using an indirect immunofluorescence antibody technique. nasopharyngeal secretions were collected after naturally acquired primary or secondary infection with rsv. immunoglobulin a responses to rsv were significantly greater in infants older than 6 months of age at the time of infection than in younger infants. reinfection with rs ...19817294005
monoclonal antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus: detection of virus neutralization and other antigen-antibody systems using infected human and murine cells.monoclonal antibodies to human respiratory syncytial (rs) virus-specific antigens can be obtained without preliminary recourse to large-scale culture and purification of the virion. lytically infected human and persistently infected murine cultured cells expressing rs virus-specific cell surface and cytoplasmic antigens were substituted as priming immunogens and as substrates in solid-phase antibody radioimmunoassays. seven hybridoma clones secreting murine igg of either the gamma 1 or the gamma ...19817298794
detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal secretions by inhibition of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed for the demonstration of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus immunoglobulin g antibodies was used for the detection of rs virus in specimens of nasopharyngeal secretions (nps) obtained from children with acute respiratory disease. samples of nps were incubated with a fixed amount of standard serum (human serum antibodies to rs virus) before being added to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test plate. a decrease in the optical density value determin ...19817309848
respiratory syncytial virus antibodies in nonhuman primates and domestic animals. 19817311470
causes of pneumonia presenting to a district general hospital.the incidence of bacterial, viral, mycoplasma, and rickettsial infections has been assessed prospectively in 210 adult patients with pneumonia who presented to a district hospital over a six-year period. one hundred and thirteen infective agents were detected in 103 patients. the agent most frequently detected was mycoplasma pneumoniae which accounted for 30 infections. a bacterial pathogen was found in 43 patients. streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common of these (24 patients); staphylococ ...19817314031
acute fata; pneumonia in calves due to respiratory syncytial virus. 19817324346
concentration of human respiratory syncytial virus using ammonium sulfate, polyethylene glycol or hollow fiber ultrafiltration.human respiratory syncytial virus was concentrated by polyethylene glycol or ammonium sulfate precipitation as well as by hollow ultrafiltration. recoveries obtained were respectively 49.4%, 47.7%, and 75.2%; however, further analysis of these results by resuspension experiments showed that all the infectivity could be recovered from the different concentrates. the protein content of polyethylene glycol concentrates was much lower than those of ammonium sulfate or hollow fiber ultrafiltration. e ...19817328162
a reverse passive haemagglutination test for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasal secretions from infants.a reverse passive haemagglutination (rph) test has developed for the detection of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus in nasal secretions, taken from infants with acute respiratory illness. in the final form of the procedure, rs virus was detected in 24 of 25 samples positive for rs virus by tissue culture and/or fluorescence antibody staining and in two samples negative for rs virus by these techniques. the simplicity of the technique and the rapidity with which it may be performed together with i ...19817328421
correlation of proliferation of lung epithelium with intramuscular sensitization and complement-fixing antibody to respiratory syncytial virus in the golden hamster.intramuscular sensitization of hamsters with several forms of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) caused proliferation of lung epithelium. in contrast, intranasal injection of live virus rarely resulted in this phenomenon. a correlation existed between proliferation of lung epithelium and presence of complement-fixing antibody, but not between lung disease and delayed skin reactions. complement-fixing antibody to rsv was found to be independent of the influence of the thymus.19817337963
decreased cell-mediated immunity to respiratory syncytial virus in multiple sclerosis.we compared lymphocyte transformation to respiratory syncytial virus in patients with multiple sclerosis (ms) and in healthy controls. lymphocyte transformation was decreased in ms in the presence or absence of autologous plasma, adding to the evidence that cellular immunity to viral antigens may be broadly impaired in ms, and does not occur uniquely for any single virus.19817347997
comparison of fluorescent-antibody, neutralizing-antibody, and complement-enhanced neutralizing-antibody assays for detection of serum antibody to respiratory syncytial virus.a comparison of three assays for the detection of serum antibody to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was carried out on 47 serum samples obtained sequentially from infants and young children with rsv infection. neutralizing-antibody (na) activity was determined by a semimicromethod of plaque reduction. complement-enhanced na activity was determined by the addition of guinea pig complement to na assays. rsv antibody responses in immunoglobulin g, immunoglobulin m, and immunoglobulin a classes we ...19817016915
in vitro cell-dependent lysis of respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells mediated by antibody from local respiratory secretions.respiratory syncytial (rs) virus causes a local infection of the respiratory tract which is frequently severe in infants. we report the development in infected infants of antibodies in respiratory secretions capable of mediating in vitro destruction of rs virus-infected tissue culture cells in conjunction with non-immune lymphoid cells. the cytotoxic antibody activity was not detectable in nasal secretions from infants hospitalized with respiratory infections where rs virus was not identified. t ...19817018759
clinical and laboratory diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection.infection with rsv is one of the most common respiratory viral infections in childhood, particularly in infants under 1 year of age. the disease is characterized by epidemic proportions of infection which occur regularly in all parts of the world in the winter months. the spectrum of the clinical disease is quite variable, and the infection may present as bronchiolitis, pneumonia, croup, or exacerbation of pre-existing reactive airway disease. recent evidence has suggested that rsv infection may ...19817018832
diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the bovine respiratory tract by immunofluorescence.direct staining of nasopharyngeal smears with hyperimmune bovine serum raised against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and conjugated with fluorescein isothyocyanate was compared with virus isolation from 14 experimentally infected animals. twenty-four out of 107 specimens examined were positive by the fluorescent antibody (fa) method and 21 out of 107 by virus isolation. most of the fa positives (81 per cent) were detected after the ninth day of infection whereas 80 per cent of virus isolation ...19817027594
serum migration-inhibitory activity in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.using an unidirectional leucocyte migration-inhibition (lmi) assay, we investigated the migration-inhibitory activity (lif) in the sera of 25 infants who developed bronchiolitis following respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. blood samples for serum-lif activity detection were obtained from patients the day after admission and two weeks later. the lmi assay revealed serum-lif activity in 17 (68%) blood samples taken during the acute phase of the disease. in contrast, no inhibition was fou ...19817030363
production of antiserum to respiratory syncytial virus polypeptides: application in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.by use of crossed immunoelectrophoresis techniques, respiratory syncytial (rs) virus-specific precipitates were produced between rs virus cellular antigen [solubilized in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-glycine buffer, ph 9] and antiserum raised in rabbits against semipurified rs virus. when these precipitates were employed as antigens for further immunizations in rabbits, antibodies (anti-rsv-precip.i) were produced which reacted with only one rs virus antigen when tested by the crossed immunoe ...19817031083
viral respiratory diseases: vaccines and antivirals.acute respiratory diseases, most of which are generally attributed to viruses, account for about 6% of all deaths and for about 60% of the deaths associated with all respiratory disease. the huge cost attributable to viral respiratory infections as a result of absenteeism and the disruption of business and the burden of medical care makes control of these diseases an important objective. the viruses that infect the respiratory tract fall taxonomically into five viral families. although immunopro ...19816976841
the epidemiology of tracheobronchitis in pediatric practice.epidemiologic characteristics of childhood tracheobronchitis occurring over a 104-month period in chapel hill, nc, were ascertained and compared to those of other pediatric lower respiratory illness (lri) syndromes. tracheobronchitis accounted for 40% of all lri seen at the community's only pediatric practice. tracheobronchitis incidence was highest during the first two years of life, through the ratio of tracheobronchitis incidence to total lri incidence increased with age. a viral pathogen or ...19816797294
respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients caused by virus, chlamydia and mycoplasma--possible synergism with pseudomonas aeruginosa.116 cystic fibrosis patients were observed, by monthly examinations over an eight-month period, to investigate the importance of non-bacterial respiratory infections (nbi) in exacerbations of the respiratory disease. sputum was examined for bacteria, and serum investigated for antibody response against virus, mycoplasma and chlamydia and for antibodies against pseudomonas aeruginosa. during this period each patient had, on an average, 2.9 exacerbations of which 76% were associated with bacteria, ...19816798822
study of antibodies against viruses, chlamydiae, rickettsiae and mycoplasma pneumoniae in children with respiratory diseases.seroconversion to different viral, chlamydial, rickettsial and mycoplasma antigens was followed up in 134 children aged 0-6 years, hospitalized with different respiratory diseases. parainfluenza viruses type 1, 2 and 3 and adenoviruses appeared to be involved in the etiology of most of the cases; respiratory syncytial virus was often found to play a role in pneumonia/bronchopneumonia and in "influenza-like illness", while chlamydiae and m. pneumoniae could be incriminated in cases of "influenza- ...19816800128
immunohistological demonstration of respiratory syncytial virus antigens in paget disease of bone.respiratory syncytial virus antisera have been found to produce a positive immunohistologic response in osteoclasts in bone sections or in cells cultured from paget disease lesions in 12 out of 12 patients tested. these experiments were carefully controlled by several means. use of experimentally infected cells served as positive controls. adsorption of antisera on human bone powder and kb cells did not remove the specific immunologic stain, but adsorption of the antisera by the virus did. negat ...19816940136
epidemiology of severe respiratory syncytial virus infections in huntington, west virginia. 19816958122
atopy does not predispose to rsv bronchiolitis or postbronchiolitic wheezing.twenty-six 8-year-old children who had had respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in infancy and their paired controls underwent skin and blood tests to assess the role of immunodeficiency and atopy in the pathogenesis of rsv bronchiolitis and the wheezing that may follow it. there was no difference between patients and controls in prevalence of atopy; positive results of prick tests to common antigens; eosinophil counts; yeast opsonisation defect; c2 deficiency; igg, iga, igm, and ige ...19816788213
respiratory syncytial virus infection following renal transplantation. 19816764495
respiratory syncytial virus infection: ten-year follow-up.studies within the last 20 years have shown that the incidence of asthma is increased in children who have been hospitalized with bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus. to evaluate such respiratory consequences in an ambulatory population, a follow-up study was done of 37 children who had respiratory syncytial virus infection documented at a community pediatric clinic in 1968 when they were younger than 4 years. this study, done ten years later by chart review and parental interview, ...19817471595
mechanisms of infection in the respiratory tract.related to its potential vulnerability the respiratory tract has a very complex and effective defence apparatus. the interaction between these defence mechanisms and certain characteristics of aetiological agents results in a pattern in which initial infections by these agents tend to occur at specific sites in the tract. infections in which the primary portal of entry is in the upper respiratory tract include bordetella bronchiseptica and haemophilus spp in pigs; pasteurella spp in cattle, shee ...198116030806
effect of viral infections on pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.the effect of 100 separate viral infections of the respiratory tract on pulmonary function was evaluated prospectively over an eight-year period in 84 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and in eight normal subjects. some viral infections were associated with small acute declines in forced vital capacity and/or 1-sec forced expiratory volume of 25-300 ml. these declines were detectable only during the 90-day period after infection. the greatest abnormalities of pulmonary functio ...19806767794
breast-feeding and respiratory syncytial virus infection.the pattern of breast-feeding in 127 infants admitted to hospital with respiratory syncytial virus infection was compared with that in 503 age-matched controls. thirty per cent of children with infection had been breast-fed compared with 49% of controls. the approximate relative risk of being admitted to hospital with respiratory syncytial virus infection if not breast-fed was 2.2. several other factors were also considered, including an assessment of maternal care and home environment; the moth ...19806775754
microbiology of otitis media.the microbiology of otitis media (om) has been documented by cultures of middle ear fluid (mef) obtained by needle aspiration. the results of studies of bacteriology of om from sweden, finland and the united states are very similar: streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae are the most important pathogens: gram-negative enteric bacilli are isolated from mef of approximately equal to 20% of infants to six weeks of age but are rarely present in mef of older children; group a beta hemoly ...19806778362
[respiratory syncytial virus in cancer adult patients (author's transl)]. 19806937078
disinfecting endoscopes: how not to transmit mycobacterium tuberculosis by bronchoscopy.mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured from the bronchial washings of two patients who underwent bronchoscopy consecutively with the same bronchoscope. active pulmonary tuberculosis was later confirmed in the first patient, whereas the second patient had clinical and serologic evidence of infection with respiratory syncytial virus. the bronchoscope had been cleaned with an iodophor disinfectant, which had not destroyed the tubercle bacilli. the agent recommended for chemical disinfection of fib ...19806790150
respiratory syncytial virus. ii. isolation and morphology of the glycoproteins.treatment of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus with triton x-100 in solutions of low ionic strength solubilized not only glycoproteins but also some non-glycosylated proteins. rate zonal sedimentation of the solubilized materials resulted in separation of the glycoproteins from the other components, i.e. one fraction predominantly composed of two glycoproteins each with molecular weight (mol. wt.) of approximately 100,000 and 53,000 was obtained. electron microscopic observation of this fraction ...19806452027
pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in young immunocompetent infants.of 67 infants enrolled in a prospective study of infant pneumonia ten (14%) had evidence of pneumocystis carinii infection. diagnosis was achieved by demonstrating circulating p carinii antigens by counterimmunoelectrophoresis in all ten cases and by histopathology in the only infant who underwent an open lung biopsy. antigenemia did not occur in 64 control infants (p = .003), nor in 57 patients of similar age who were hospitalized with pneumonitis due to chlamydia trachomatis, respiratory syncy ...19806967588
serodiagnosis of respiratory synctial virus infections in infants and young children by the immunoperoxidse technique.the immunoperoxidase antibody (ipa) technique was used to develop two new tests for serodiagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infections: a microneutralization test based on the reduction of the number of infected cells and an ipa test for determination of virus-specific immunoglobulin g (igg). neutralizing antibody was determined both in the presence and absence of complement. in a group of 24 infants and young childres, ages less than 1 to 36 months, with acute respiratory syncytial virus i ...19806986407
prevention of infections with respiratory syncytial virus: the hopes and hurdles ahead.control of infections due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by immunization poses special problems. first, the peak period of serious illness due to rsv is during the first few months of life, and thus a vaccine would have to be administered during the neonatal period. second, we understand little of the pathogenesis of and immunity to rsv disease in newborns, and an immune reaction may even play a role in the development of the lower respiratory tract disease seen in infancy. third, immunity ...19806997967
use of temperature-sensitive and cold-adapted mutant viruses in immunoprophylaxis of acute respiratory tract disease.efforts currently are underway to develop mutations in the influenza a viral genome that will bring about a satisfactory level of attenuation and that can be identified by simple in vitro techniques. two types of donor viruses that bear such mutations are being evaluated. one donor virus possesses temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations on the p1 and p3 genes, while the other donor bears both ts and cold-adaptation (ca) mutations. the mutant genes from these donors were transferred by gene reassort ...19806997969
immunopathologic mechanisms in lower respiratory tract disease of infants due to respiratory syncytial virus. 19806999535
bovine respiratory syncytial virus in quebec: antibody prevalence and disease outbreak.the prevalence of antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in quebec and the role of the virus in a respiratory disease outbreak was investigated. the indirect immunofluorescent, neutralization and haemagglutination inhibition techniques were used to carry out this study. of the 1,444 adult animals examined 519 (35.9%) had antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus. these positive reactors were found in each agricultural region of quebec. the highest (53.0%) and the lowest (21.8%) prev ...19807000320
rubella immunity testing by mixed hemadsorption.a mixed hemadsorption (mh) test for naturally acquired rubella immunity and immune responses after rubella vaccination has been compared with the hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test, the immunodiffusion (id) test, the neutralization test (nt), the hemolysis-in-gel (hig) test and the indirect immunofluorescence (if) test. the mh test was approximately equivalent to the hi test and the nt as to sensitivity for the early response to rubella vaccination, and all three tests are thought to measure ...19807003020
rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infections by immunofluorescence on cell smears from nasopharyngeal secretions.the efficiency of indirect immunofluorescence for detection of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus antigens in nasopharyngeal secretions was compared with virus isolation on highly sensitive cell culture systems maintained in serum-free media. twenty out of 22 (91%) culture-positive specimens were correctly identified by indirect immunofluorescence, which gave no false positive results. since clinical specimens were sometimes unsuitable for immunofluorescence studies, this could explain two false n ...19807006628
[critical considerations on the laboratory research in infections from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) (author's transl)]]. 19807008714
respiratory syncytial virus serology by a simplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.a simplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) which utilized commercially available reagents was developed for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific immunoglobulin g. an analysis of the inherent variation of the assay allowed the setting of strict criteria for determining a significant change in rsv antibodies. the elisa was more sensitive than the standard complement fixation or microneutralization tests in a carefully studied group of 32 rsv-infected adults. the elisa correlated ...19807012179
a simple and rapid microassay for the titration of human respiratory syncytial virus.a microassay, using tissue culture microplates for the titration of human respiratory syncytial virus by syncytium formation, is described. virus titers obtained agreed well with those obtained in a larger assay system; the microassay, however, is more rapid and economical. large numbers of virus samples are easily and rapidly processed as the assay necessitates an incubation period of only three days.19807014578
secretion of respiratory syncytial virus inhibitors and antibody in human milk throughout lactation.neutralising inhibitors to respiratory syncytial (rs) virus have been demonstrated in the whey of most samples of human milk tested. although high titres were secreted in colostra of some mothers (1/10-1/2,560; median 1/40) inhibitor levels in milk collected after the first week of lactation were uniformly low (median 1/10). high neutralising titres correlated with high colostral levels of specific antiviral iga but, unlike neutralising activity, iga antiviral antibody persisted in the milk of o ...19807014782
the possible role of respiratory syncytial virus and pasteurella spp in calf respiratory disease.in a natural outbreak of respiratory disease during 1976, 31 of 43 calves showed moderately severe clinical signs which included pyrexia (maximum 42 degrees c) and tachypnoea. during the outbreak infection by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was demonstrated by isolation from nasopharyngeal swabs or by serology. pasteurella haemolytica or p multocida were isolated from the blood of four and five calves respectively. in the month before disease 65 per cent of the calves showed significant antibo ...19807210428
respiratory syncytial virus infections in oslo 1972--1978. i. virological and epidemiological studies.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection was diagnosed in 464 children admitted to hospital with acute respiratory disease from autumn 1972 to spring 1978. the virological surveillance was approximately 70%. as a rule, rsv infections occurred in distinct outbreaks in late autumn and winter together with a marked increase in the number of children admitted to hospital with acute lower respiratory tract disease. the incidence in children less than 1 year of age was about 10/1000 children/year. ...19807211356
respiratory syncytial virus infections in oslo 1972--1978. ii. clinical and laboratory studies.patient records from 422 children admitted to hospital during 6 winter outbreaks of rsv infection were examined retrospectively. bronchiolitis (255 patients) and pneumonia (98 patients) were the most common diagnoses. otitis media (76 patients) occurred as a complication to these conditions. children at risk for contracting severe illness caused by rsv were infants below the age of one year, more often boys than girls. of the children older than two years, 32% had already been diagnosed as asthm ...19807211357
respiratory syncytial virus activity in the united kingdom, 1979. 19807185918
possible transmission by fomites of respiratory syncytial virus.to test whether nosocomial spread of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) could occur through contact with environmental surfaces contaminated by rsv-infected nasal secretions, survival in the environment of rsv isolated from media, pooled adult secretions, and secretions from hospitalized infants was examined. rsv in freshly obtained infant secretions was recovered from countertops for up to 6 hr, from rubber gloves for up to 1 1/2 hr, from cloth gowns and paper tissue for 30--45 min, and from ski ...19807365274
the antibody response to primary and secondary infection with respiratory syncytial virus: kinetics of class-specific responses.serum antibody responses to primary and secondary infections with respiratory syncytial virus were determined in 67 hospitalized infants. responses in igg, igm, and iga immunoglobulin fractions were assayed using an indirect immunofluorescent technique. infection was confirmed by identification of rsv antigen in nasopharyngeal secretions using indirect immunofluorescence, and by recovery of the virus in tissue culture. igm specific antibody response was commonly observed within a few days of ons ...19807365579
the age dependence of respiratory syncytial virus growth in ferret lung can be shown in organ and monolayer cultures. 19807371226
systemic cell-mediated and antibody responses in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infections.in order to investigate the possible role of immunity in lower respiratory tract disease of infants produced by respiratory syncytial (rs) virus, 18 hospitalized infants were tested for cell-mediated immune (cmi) responses in a whole blood culture assay utilizing a gamma emitting tracer, 5(125i) iodo-2'-deoxyuridine [125iudr] to quantitate cellular proliferative responses to virus antigen. class-specific antiviral antibody titres were determined in an indirect membrane immunofluorescence test. o ...19807373288
how to contain respiratory syncytial virus. 19807382084
purification and polypeptides of respiratory syncytial virus. 19807392979
concurrent respiratory syncytial virus and influenza a infections in the institutionalized elderly and chronically ill.during a community outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza a/texas/77 infections, we investigated 71 cases of upper respiratory illness at a chronic disease hospital using a surveillance system plus viral and serologic studies. of the 32 patients with an etiologic diagnosis, seven had respiratory syncytial virus, 24 had influenza, and one had dual infections with respiratory syncytial virus and influenza. no definite etiologic diagnosis was made in the remaining 39 patients. a comp ...19807396314
effects of ribavirin on respiratory syncytial virus in vitro.ribavirin was demonstrated to have an antiviral effect on respiratory syncytial virus in vitro. a 50% reduction in plaque number was observed at concentrations of 3 or 10 micrograms of ribavirin per ml. this effect was observed when the drug was added as late as 12 h postinfection. at concentrations of greater than 10 micrograms of ribavirin per ml, the size of the syncytial plaque also noticeably decreased. ribavirin similarly decreased the number of infectious units released into the culture s ...19807396465
the stabilization and purification of respiratory syncytial virus using mgso4. 19807414957
morphogenesis and structure of caprine respiratory syncytial virus.cell cultures inoculated with caprine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were studied with light, fluorescent, and electron microscopy to determine the morphogenesis and structure of the virus. small syncytia were seen after 36 hours in culture. after 48 hours in culture, syncytia were large and numerous and pleomorphic cytoplasmic inclusions were seen. these inclusions were more pronounced and numerous later in the infection cycle. indirect immunofluorescence revealed a diffuse to granular cytop ...19807416970
the appearance of cell-bound ige in respiratory-tract epithelium after respiratory-syncytial-virus infection.we studied the appearance of ige in the respiratory tract in 42 infants and young children with various forms of respiratory illness after infection by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). ige was bound to exfoliated nasopharyngeal epithelial cells in most patients with rsv infection during the acute phase of infection, regardless of the form of illness. however, the continued presence of cell-bound ige was more common in patients with rsv-induced bronchiolitis or asthma than in patients with mild ...19807421946
[bronchiolitis].is an acute bronchial, obstructive disease of the infant caused mainly by the respiratory syncytial virus. it appears epidemically preceded by infections of the upper respiratory ducts, followed by coughing, dysnea, expiratory sibilants, suprasternal and subcostal during inspiration and radiologic evidences of choneking. in the differential diagnosis the physician must consider pulmonary dysgenesis, diaphragmatic hernia, congenital lobar emphysema, congenital cardiopathy, pneumothorax, obstructi ...19807426129
outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the elderly. 19807427656
metabolic requirements for the maturation of respiratory syncytial virus.the metabolic processes required for maturation of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus was determined by testing with metabolic inhibitors in hela cells that had been trypsinized 18 h p.i. although > 90% of the virus synthesized by that time remained cell-associated, treatment with trypsin inactivated at least 90% of the cell-associated virus. the trypsinized cells, when re-plated in virus growth medium, immediately resumed virus synthesis and this continued exponentially for at least 10 h, during ...19807441215
experimental infection of calves with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (quebec strain).an experiment was designed to evaluate the clinical, haematological, viral and serological aspects of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in calves. eleven calves were inoculated intranasally with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (quebec strain) in aerosol. clinical, haemotological and serological responses of the calves and virus shedding were monitored. the experimentally infected animals manifested moderate to severe signs of respiratory disease. the parameters used to evaluate the ...19807448628
respiratory syncytial virus infections in madras. 19807461760
nucleic acids of respiratory syncytial virus.analysis of purified respiratory syncytial virus revealed that the virion rna was composed of 50s, 28s, 18s, and 4s species. the 18s and 28s species were presumed to represent host rrna since virus grown in actinomycin d-treated cells contained only 50s and 4s rnas. actinomycin d treatment stimulated production of infectious respiratory syncytial virus 5- to 10-fold. the 50s virion rna was shown to hybridize with polyadenylated mrna's isolated from infected cells, indicating that respiratory syn ...19807463558
[prospects of respiratory syncytial virus vaccines].the latest vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are reviewed. a ts-1 variant is being studied in the attempt to complete the attenuation of the vaccine strain. further investigations of live rsv vaccine administered parenterally indicate that a target population over 6 months of age could benefit soon of this preparation.19807247482
cell cultures from bone affected by paget's disease.cells obtained from paget's bone specimens were maintained in culture for up to 8 1/2 months. the cells had several characteristics of bone cells including the presence of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, or succinic dehydrogenase as demonstrated histochemically. electron microscopy revealed nuclear inclusions similar to those found in the osterclasts of paget's disease in 4 or 11 cultures. immunohistology utilizing specific antisera demonstrated the presence of respiratory syncytial viru ...19806158956
seasonal pattern in childhood viral lower respiratory tract infections in melbourne.respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza viruses are the major pathogens in acute lower respiratory infection in infants and younger children. they show distinct seasonal patterns. an annual epidemic of respiratory syncytial virus infection is seen in melbourne and this coincides with the coldest months of the year. parainfluenza virus type 1, the most frequent cause of laryngotracheobronchitis, occurs as an autumn epidemic every second year. parainfluenza virus types 2 and 3 are present mo ...19806244480
inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus by bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)methane. 19806247826
[rapid diagnosis of respiratory virus infections in children. respiratory syncytial virus demonstrated by the immunofluorescent technic]. 19806250259
experimental models for study of common respiratory viruses.numerous epidemiological studies have shown that there is excess respiratory disease morbidity in areas of high atmospheric pollution, implying an interactive effect on the clinical illness associated with these common infections. the principal etiologic agents of human respiratory infections are respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza viruses (iv), parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3 (p1, p3), adenoviruses (ad), rhinoviruses (rv) and mycoplasma pneumoniae (mpn). understanding the pathogenesi ...19806250807
injury of respiratory epithelium.the large surface area provided by the respiratory tract epithelium of humans for exposure to microbial agents and toxic substances in the environment makes this organ system very vulnerable but a good early indicator of adverse health effects. however, the complexity of pulmonary defense mechanisms complicates definition of the interactive effects of pollutants and infectious agents. tracheal organ culture has been utilized to maintain organized, differentiated respiratory epithelium in vitro. ...19806250814
rheumatoid factor in acute viral infections: interference with determination of igm, igg, and iga antibodies in an enzyme immunoassay.igm rheumatoid factor (rf), an autoantibody to the fc fragment of igg, was determined by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (eia). rf levels were significantly higher in patients with rubella virus infection than in patients with infections due to influenza virus, cytomegalovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, mumps virus, or herpes simplex virus. to evaluate the role of rf in eia determinations of viral antibodies, igm rf from igm-igg cryoglobulin or control igm was ...19806251140
secretory immunological response in infants and children to parainfluenza virus types 1 and 2.the secretory immunological responses to natural infection with parainfluenza viruses ae not well defined. nasopharyngeal secretion specimens from 20 infants and children naturally infected with parainfluenza virus type 1 or type 2 were examined for class-specific antibody and virus-neutralizing activity. there was a marked discordance in individual secretions between immunoglobulin a (iga) antibody (as measured by indirect immunofluorescence) and neutralizing activity (as determined by either h ...19806254881
nosocomial viral infections: ii. guidelines for prevention and control of respiratory viruses, herpesviruses, and hepatitis viruses.this article reviews the most likely mechanisms of transmission of the commonly encountered respiratory viruses (influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza, rhinovirus), herpesviruses, and hepatitis viruses, and presents the guidelines used currently for prevention and control that are in use at strong memorial hospital.19806256306
a survey of virus infections of the respiratory tract of cattle and their association with disease.a total of 1590 caves were investigated between may 1972 and december 1975. twenty-two per cent were treated for respiratory disease and 2 . 5% died of pneumonia. almost 80% of the respiratory illness occurred in six sharp outbreaks. samples of virology were collected routinely from 127 healthy calves and from 354 calves treated for respiratory signs and comprised 1143 nasopharyngeal swabs and 1069 sera. virus infections were detected on 540 occasions including 135 by parainfluenzavirus type 3 ( ...19806256435
rapid immunofluorescence diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infections among children in european countries. 19806104237
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