Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| reverse genetics in the mosquito anopheles gambiae: targeted disruption of the defensin gene. | anopheles gambiae, the major vector of human malaria parasite, is an important insect model to study vector-parasite interactions. here, we developed a simple in vivo double-stranded rna (dsrna) knockout approach to determine the function of the mosquito antimicrobial peptide gene defensin. we injected dsrna into adults and observed efficient and reproducible silencing of defensin. analysis of the knockdown phenotype revealed that this peptide is required for the mosquito antimicrobial defense a ... | 2002 | 12189180 |
| hepatozoon species (apicomplexa: hepatozoidae) of the corn snake, elaphe guttata (serpentes: colubridae) and the pigmy rattlesnake, sistrurus miliarius barbouri (serpentes: viperidae) in south florida. | hepatozoon guttata n. sp. is described from the corn snake (elaphe guttata guttata) from south florida. gamonts average 14.6 x 4.6 (13-17 x 3.5-6) and are not recurved, with nucleus situated in the second quarter of the gamont. erythrocyte cytoplasm rarely appears partially dehemoglobinized. the infected cells are usually distorted and are longer than the uninfected erythrocytes but do not differ in width; nuclei are smaller in length and width than those of uninfected cells. sporogony in aedes ... | 2002 | 12197130 |
| the status of haemogregarina mansoni sambon and seligmann from zamenis flagelliformis laurenti. | haemogregarina mansoni sambon and seligmann 1907, a parasite of the coachwhip snake (masticophis flagellum) is redescribed on the basis of sporogonic stages obtained in the experimental vector aedes aegypti and designated as hepatozoon mansoni from hosts collected in north florida. gamonts average 14.7 x 4.7 (13-16 x 4-6) and are not recurved, with nuclei situated in the second quarter of the gamont. erythrocyte cytoplasm is often thin, appearing partially dehemoglobinized, or contracted into a ... | 2002 | 12197131 |
| effect of anticoagulants on the susceptibility of aedes aegypti mosquitoes to dengue virus infection. | 2002 | 12197636 | |
| comparative safety and immunogenicity of two yellow fever 17d vaccines (arilvax and yf-vax) in a phase iii multicenter, double-blind clinical trial. | yellow fever (yf) is a significant health problem in south america and africa. travelers to these areas require immunization. the united states, infested with aedes aegypti mosquitoes, is at risk of introduction of this disease. there is only a single u.s. manufacturer of yf 17d vaccine, and supplies may be insufficient in an emergency. a randomized, double-blind outpatient study was conducted in 1,440 healthy individuals, half of whom received the u.s. vaccine (yf-vax) and half the vaccine manu ... | 2002 | 12201587 |
| large genetic distances among aedes aegypti populations along the south pacific coast of mexico. | a population genetic analysis was conducted among 20 aedes aegypti collections from 19 cities along the south pacific coast in the mexican states of guerrero, oaxaca, and chiapas and in coatepeque, guatemala. genetic variation was scored at 131 random amplified polymorphic dna loci. the amount of genetic differentiation among collections was approximately 3 times as great as detected among collections in an earlier study in northeastern mexico. regression analysis of linear or road distances on ... | 2002 | 12201597 |
| genetic differentiation of the dengue vector, aedes aegypti (ho chi minh city, vietnam) using microsatellite markers. | dengue haemorrhagic fever emerged in the 1950s and has become a major public health concern in most asian countries. in vietnam, little is known about the intraspecific variation of the vector and its consequences on vectorial capacity. here we report the use of microsatellite markers to differentiate aedes aegypti populations in ho chi minh city, a typical, overcrowded asian city. six microsatellite loci, with 5-14 alleles per locus, were scored in 20 mosquito samples collected in 1998 in ho ch ... | 2002 | 12207714 |
| reduced efficacy of the immune melanization response in mosquitoes infected by malaria parasites. | although the mosquito vectors of malaria have an effective immune system capable of encapsulating many foreign particles, they rarely encapsulate malaria parasites in natural populations. a possible reason for this apparent paradox is that infection by malaria reduces the capability of the mosquito to mount an effective immune response. to investigate this possibility, we blood-fed aedes aegypti mosquitoes on an uninfected chicken or on one infected with plasmodium gallinaceum, and compared the ... | 2002 | 12211612 |
| dynamics of dengue virus circulation: a silent epidemic in a complex urban area. | serotypes of dengue den-1 and den-2 have been reported in much of brazil over the last 15 years, and den-3 serotype was only recently detected. this prospective study was conducted in salvador, a large city in north-east brazil, where two epidemics were previously recorded (den-1 and den-2). we obtained the seroprevalence and 1-year incidence of dengue infections in the population of 30 sampling areas of salvador and analysed the relationship between intensity of viral circulation, standard of l ... | 2002 | 12225506 |
| engineering mosquito resistance to malaria parasites: the avian malaria model. | genetic approaches to controlling the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases are being developed to augment the available chemical control practices and environmental manipulation methods. much progress has been made in laboratory-based research that seeks to develop antipathogen or antivector effector genes and methods for genetically manipulating host vector strains. research is summarized here in the development of a malaria-resistant phenotype using as a model system the avian parasite, pla ... | 2002 | 12225922 |
| developing arbovirus resistance in mosquitoes. | diseases caused by arthropod-borne viruses are increasingly significant public health problems, and novel methods are needed to control pathogen transmission. the hypothesis underlying the research described here is that genetic manipulation of aedes aegypti mosquitoes can profoundly and permanently reduce their competence to transmit dengue viruses to human hosts. recent key findings now allow us to test the genetic control hypothesis. we have identified viral genome-derived rna segments that c ... | 2002 | 12225924 |
| infectious diseases in mexico. a survey from 1995-2000. | data obtained at a central laboratory for emerging, re-emerging, and other infectious diseases in mexico from 1995-2000 are presented. an outstanding increase of den-3 circulation was identified. aedes aegypti, the dengue vector, is widely distributed. leptospirosis has become the most important differential diagnosis for dengue. identification of rabies virus variants allowed cataloging of new transmitters of rabies. rotavirus showed a clear seasonal distribution, while different proportions of ... | 2002 | 12234523 |
| flavivirus susceptibility in aedes aegypti. | aedes aegypti is the primary vector of yellow fever (yf) and dengue fever (df) flaviviruses worldwide. in this review we focus on past and present research on genetic components and environmental factors in aedes aegypti that appear to control flavivirus transmission. we review genetic relationships among ae. aegypti populations throughout the world and discuss how variation in vector competence is correlated with overall genetic differences among populations. we describe current research into h ... | 2002 | 12234528 |
| development of monoclonal antibody based antigen capture elisa to detect chikungunya virus antigen in mosquitoes. | chikungunya (chik) virus has caused numerous large outbreaks in india. no active or passive surveillance has been carried out since the last epidemic which occurred in 1971. for active surveillance, it is necessary to have a test, which can detect the virus from a large number of field-collected mosquitoes. | 2002 | 12239836 |
| genetic differentiation of aedes aegypti mainland and island populations from southern thailand. | isozymes of 5 wild-caught collections of aedes aegypti were compared by using starch gel electrophoresis. all collections were collected from surat-thanee province, southern thailand, an area considered to be a hyperendemic zone for dengue virus. one collection was from donsak harbor, whereas the other 4 collections were from 4 districts of samui island. the percent polymorphic loci (24.2-33%) in the 4 island collections was lower than in the mainland collection (36.4%). this study revealed a la ... | 2002 | 12322938 |
| chemical analysis of human skin emanations: comparison of volatiles from humans that differ in attraction of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | host odors are believed to play a major role in the location of blood meals by female mosquitoes. previous work has shown that female aedes aegypti (l.) are attracted to a residuum of skin emanations deposited on glass. the attraction of mosquitoes to handled or rubbed glass varies from person to person and from day to day. this variation indicates that mosquito behavior varies over time and that a relative difference exists in the ability of people over time to attract mosquitoes. volatiles des ... | 2002 | 12322940 |
| larvicidal activity of leguminous seeds and grains against aedes aegypti and culex pipiens pallens. | larvicidal activity of methanol extracts of 26 leguminous seeds and 20 grains against early 4th-stage larvae of aedes aegypti and culex pipiens pallens was examined. at 200 ppm of the extracts from cassia obtusifolia, cassia tora, and vicia tetrasperma, more than 90% mortality was obtained in larvae of ae. aegypti and cx. pipiens pallens. extract of c. tora gave 86.7 and 100% mortality in the larvae of ae. aegypti and cx. pipiens pallens at 40 ppm but 59.2 and 78.3% mortality against larvae of a ... | 2002 | 12322944 |
| cloning and characterization of an insecticidal crystal protein gene from bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kenyae. | a sporulating culture of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae strain hd549 is toxic to larvae of lepidopteran insect species such as spodoptera litura, helicoverpa armigera and phthorimaea operculella, and a dipteran insect, culex fatigans. a 1.9-kb dna fragment, pcr-amplified from hd549 using cryii-gene-specific primers, was cloned and expressed in e. coli. the recombinant protein produced 92% mortality in first-instar larvae of spodoptera litura and 86% inhibition of adult emergence in phthori ... | 2002 | 12357073 |
| genetic structure of aedes aegypti populations in chiang mai (thailand) and relation with dengue transmission. | we analysed the population genetic structure and differentiation regarding vector competence for a dengue virus of 15 aedes aegypti samples collected from chiang mai in northern thailand. based on polymorphism of 10 isoenzyme loci, genetic differentiation was confirmed among samples collected in different subdistricts (high fst values and p < 0.05). based on infection rate for a dengue 2 virus, susceptibilities were similar in mosquitoes collected in san nuea subdistrict and in choeng doi subdis ... | 2002 | 12358622 |
| a putative receptor for dengue virus in mosquito tissues: localization of a 45-kda glycoprotein. | dengue virus (denv) infects target cells by attaching to various cell receptors, many of which are still unknown. in c6/36 cells (aedes albopictus cell line), denv-4 bound to two glycoproteins of 40 and 45 kda, located on the cell surface. preincubation of cells with polyclonal antibody against the 45-kda protein specifically blocked denv-4 infection of c6/36 cells. the antibody and purified denv-4 detected the 45-kda molecule in total extracts from eggs, larvae, and pupae as well as from the mi ... | 2002 | 12363068 |
| variation in vector competence for dengue 2 virus among 24 collections of aedes aegypti from mexico and the united states. | aedes aegypti from 24 collections in mexico and the united states were challenged orally with dengue 2 virus jam1409 (den-2 jam1409). the vector competence (vc) of the populations ranged from 24% to 83%. mosquito populations from the yucatan exhibited greater vc than those from other areas of mexico. the presence or absence of a midgut infection barrier (mib) and a midgut escape barrier (meb) was determined for mosquitoes in each population. the percentage of mosquitoes exhibiting an mib ranged ... | 2002 | 12363070 |
| a coup-tf/svp homolog is highly expressed during vitellogenesis in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | in the mosquito aedes aegypti, vitellogenesis is activated via an ecdysteroid hormonal cascade initiated by a blood meal. the functional ecdysone receptor is a heterodimer composed of the ecdysone receptor (ecr) and ultraspiracle, the homolog of the retinoid x receptor. the precise tuning of this hormonal response requires participation of both positive and negative transcriptional regulators. in drosophila, svp, a homolog of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor (coup-tf), in ... | 2002 | 12370123 |
| conservation of long-range synteny and microsynteny between the genomes of two distantly related nematodes. | comparisons between the genomes of the closely related nematodes caenorhabditis elegans and caenorhabditis briggsae reveal high rates of rearrangement, with a bias towards within-chromosome events. to assess whether this pattern is true of nematodes in general, we have used genome sequence to compare two nematode species that last shared a common ancestor approximately 300 million years ago: the model c. elegans and the filarial parasite brugia malayi. | 2002 | 12372145 |
| infection outcome and cytokine gene expression in brugia pahangi- infected gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) sensitized with brucella abortus. | filarial infections have been associated with the development of a strongly polarized th2 host immune response and a severe impairment of mitogen-driven proliferation and type 1 cytokine production in mice and humans. the role of this polarization in the development of the broad spectra of clinical manifestations of lymphatic filariasis is still unknown. recently, data gathered from humans as well as from immunocompromised mouse models suggest that filariasis elicits a complex host immune respon ... | 2002 | 12379668 |
| nitric oxide limits the expansion of antigen-specific t cells in mice infected with the microfilariae of brugia pahangi. | infection of balb/c mice with the microfilariae (mf) of the filarial nematode brugia pahangi results in an antigen-specific proliferative defect that is induced by high levels of no. using carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimydl ester and cell surface labeling, it was possible to identify a population of antigen-specific t cells from mf-infected balb/c mice that expressed particularly high levels of cd4 (cd4(hi)). these cells proliferated in culture only when inducible no synthase was inhibited ... | 2002 | 12379675 |
| genome fragment of wolbachia endosymbiont transferred to x chromosome of host insect. | the adzuki bean beetle, callosobruchus chinensis, is triple-infected with distinct lineages of wolbachia endosymbiont, wbrucon, wbruori, and wbruaus, which were identified by their wsp (wolbachia surface protein) gene sequences. whereas wbrucon and wbruori caused cytoplasmic incompatibility of the host insect, wbruaus did not. although wbrucon and wbruori were easily eliminated by antibiotic treatments, wbruaus persisted over five treated generations and could not be eliminated. the inheritance ... | 2002 | 12386340 |
| suitability of containers from different sources as breeding sites of aedes aegypti (l.) in a cemetery of buenos aires city, argentina. | cemeteries are ideal urban areas to study the importance of different types of containers as breeding sites of aedes aegypti (l.). in the present study, the suitability of plastic, glass, ceramic and metal containers was evaluated in four patches within a cemetery of buenos aires city, argentina. between october 1998 and may 2000, we found 215 breeding sites of ae. aegypti out of 13,022 water-filled containers examined. in two patches containing microenvironments sheltered from the sun, the use ... | 2002 | 12386697 |
| dengue virus type 3 isolation from aedes aegypti in the municipality of nova iguaçu, state of rio de janeiro. | in a prospective field study conducted from july 2000 to june 2001, adult aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus mosquitoes were caught from the municipality of nova iguaçu, state of rio de janeiro, brazil. virus isolation in ae. albopictus clone c6/36 cell line and a semi-nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction detected only dengue virus type 3 in three pools of ae. aegypti, despite the co-circulation of den-1, den-2 and den-3 serotypes in that area. no viruses were detected in ae. alb ... | 2002 | 12386700 |
| laboratory evaluation of mesocyclops annulatus (wierzejski, 1892) (copepoda: cyclopidea) as a predator of container-breeding mosquitoes in argentina. | in laboratory bioassays we tested the predatory capacity of the copepod mesocyclops annulatus on aedes aegypti and culex pipiens larvae. a single adult female of m. annulatus caused 51.6% and 52.3% mortality of 50 first instar larvae of ae. aegypti and cx. pipiens respectively, in a 72 h test period. when alternative food was added to the containers, mortality rates declined to 16% and 10.3% for ae. aegypti and cx. pipiens respectively. when 50 first instar larvae of each of the two mosquito spe ... | 2002 | 12386705 |
| persistence of dengue-3 virus through transovarial transmission passage in successive generations of aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | progeny of aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected intrathoracically with dengue-3 virus was reared to subsequent generations. in each generation, blood-fed females were confined individually and the eggs obtained from the transovarially infected females were pooled. the seventh generation obtained from the infected parental mosquitoes showed that virus could persist in mosquitoes in successive generations through transovarial passage. the rate of vertical transmission initially increased in the few g ... | 2002 | 12389940 |
| roof gutters: a key container for aedes aegypti and ochlerotatus notoscriptus (diptera: culicidae) in australia. | the contribution of roof gutters to aedes aegypti (l.) and ochlerotatus notoscriptus (skuse) pupal populations was quantified for the first time in cairns, australia. concurrent yard and roof surveys yielded an estimated 6,934 mosquito pupae, comprising four species. roof gutters were an uncommon but productive source of ae. aegypti in both wet season (n = 11) and dry season (n = 2) surveys, producing 52.6% and 39.5% of the respective populations. first story gutters accounted for 92.3% of the p ... | 2002 | 12408662 |
| dengue and its vectors in thailand: introduction to the study and seasonal distribution of aedes larvae. | a study was conducted from 1989 to 1994 that included surveillance for dengue and its mosquito vectors in 3 villages and 2 schools in chachoengsao province, 100 km east of bangkok, thailand. the study is introduced, and results of larval surveys for aedes mosquitoes (predominantly aedes aegypti (l.)), with 94, 86, and 90% of positive containers infested by this species in the hot, wet, and cool seasons, respectively), are described. these surveys were conducted in 1990-1991 during each of the 3 ... | 2002 | 12408663 |
| growth characteristics of chimerivax-den2 vaccine virus in aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes. | the chimeric yellow fever (yf) 17d-dengue type 2 (chimerivax-den2) vaccine virus developed by acambis, inc. (cambridge, ma) contains the prm and e genes of wild-type (wt) dengue 2 (den-2) (strain puo-218) virus in the yf vaccine virus (strain 17d) backbone. the potential of chimerivax-den2 virus to infect and be transmitted by aedes aegypti, the principal den and yf virus mosquito vector, and aedes albopictus, a species that occurs in areas of active transmission of yf and den viruses, was evalu ... | 2002 | 12408664 |
| differential partitioning of maternal fatty acid and phospholipid in neonate mosquito larvae. | in animals, lipids are a source of energy, cell membrane components, signaling pathway modulators and emulsifying agents. in egg-laying animals, maternal yolk lipids, imported into the egg before laying, are metabolized or distributed in the developing embryo to serve these functions. studies with birds, reptiles and insects have described lipid metabolism in adults and in eggs, but no studies have addressed how lipids are distributed in developing organs in the embryo. here we show that materna ... | 2002 | 12409488 |
| frequency, diversity, and productivity study on the aedes aegypti most preferred containers in the city of manaus, amazonas, brazil. | the most preferred containers by aedes aegypti were studied april and july (rainy and dry periods) in two manaus neighbourhoods. in all, 2,700 premises and 13,912 containers were examined, most (87%) recorded outdoors. out of the 13,100 inspected premises, only 1.6% showed to be positive for aedes aegypti, summing up to 7,916 collected samples. most frequently found containers outdoors in either neighbourhood regardless of rain or dry period were bottles flasks and storage, and indoors, fixed, f ... | 2002 | 12436162 |
| rna silencing of dengue virus type 2 replication in transformed c6/36 mosquito cells transcribing an inverted-repeat rna derived from the virus genome. | double-stranded rna (dsrna) initiates cellular posttranscriptional responses that are collectively called rna silencing in a number of different organisms, including plants, nematodes, and fruit flies. in plants, rna silencing has been associated with protection from virus infection. in this study, we demonstrate that dsrna-mediated interference also can act as a viral defense mechanism in mosquito cells. c6/36 (aedes albopictus) cells were stably transformed with a plasmid designed to transcrib ... | 2002 | 12438618 |
| transfer of plasmid pbc16 between bacillus thuringiensis strains in non-susceptible larvae. | plasmid transfer was investigated in larvae of insects of the orders coleoptera, diptera, and lepidoptera. the effects of introducing bacillus thuringiensis strains in live non-susceptible larvae, and in the presence of added insecticidal toxins to kill the larvae, were examined. plasmid transfer was not detected as the strains passed through non-susceptible live larvae, but was detected when the larvae were toxin-killed. the results indicate that growth of b. thuringiensis and plasmid transfer ... | 2002 | 19709226 |
| abstracts of the fourth international symposium on molecular insect science. may 28-june 2, 2002. tucson, arizona, usa. | 2002 | 15455051 | |
| chemosterilant (apholate)-induced ultrastructural changes during oogenesis in aedes aegypti. | the effect of chemosterilant, apholate, on-oogenesis has been studied in aedes aegypti. treatment of larvae to 20 ppm of the chemical induced ultrastural changes in the presumptive and primary follicles of the adult ovary. these changes comprised condensation of chromatin, disruption of nuclear envelope and extensive degeneration as evidenced by numerous myelin figures and residual bodies. in some primary follicles, where cellular degeneration was restricted to epithelial cells, no arrest in dev ... | 2002 | 126140 |
| characterization of three alternatively spliced isoforms of the rel/nf-kappa b transcription factor relish from the mosquito aedes aegypti. | the rel/nf-kappa b transcription factor relish performs a central role in the acute-phase response to microbial challenge by activating immune antibacterial peptides. we cloned and molecularly characterized the gene homologous to drosophila relish from the mosquito aedes aegypti. unlike drosophila relish, aedes relish has three alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different proteins. first, the predominant aedes relish transcript of 3.9 kb contains both the rel-homology domains and the inh ... | 2002 | 12119421 |
| use of subtracted libraries and macroarray to isolate developmentally specific genes from the mosquito, aedes aegypti. | subtracted cdna libraries were screened with cdna macroarrays to isolate larval and pupal stage-specific genes from aedes aegypti. of 103 partial cdnas sequenced from the 4th instar subtracted cdna library, 62 have counterpart genes in other organisms while 41 of them have no significant similarity to any known genes. sequences of 116 partial cdna clones from the pupal subtracted library revealed that 57 belong to unknown genes and 59 have homologous genes in other organisms. results of cdna mac ... | 2002 | 12429127 |
| presence of chitinase and beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase in the aedes aegypti. a chitinolytic system involving peritrophic matrix formation and degradation. | measurement of the hydrolysis of specific fluorogenic substrates by spectrophotometry as well as the substrate activity-sds-page gel analysis of the chitinolytic activity in aedes aegypti guts showed that both chitinase and beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase are present and physiologically active. both enzymes were present even in guts from unfed insects, but the activities increased rapidly after feeding on blood or an artificial protein-free diet. chitinase activity was predominantly of the 'endo'-t ... | 2002 | 12429124 |
| repellent activity of constituents identified in foeniculum vulgare fruit against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | the repellent activity of materials derived from the methanol extract of fruits from foeniculum vulgareagainst hungry aedes aegypti females was examined using skin and patch tests and compared with that of the commercial n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet) and (z)-9-octadecenoic acid. the biologically active constituents of the foeniculum fruits were characterized as (+)-fenchone and (e)-9-octadecenoic acid by spectroscopic analyses. responses varied according to compound, dose, and exposure time. in ... | 2002 | 12428949 |
| cloning and tissue distribution of two na+/h+ exchangers from the malpighian tubules of aedes aegypti. | a na(+)/h(+) exchanger (nhe) on the apical membrane of mosquito malpighian tubule (mt) cells is believed to participate in the blood-feeding mosquito's vital secretion of na(+) and fluid. this study presents the molecular cloning, primary structure, and tissue distribution of two cdnas encoding aedes aegypti mosquito mt nhes. the cdna sequences were obtained from mosquito mt total rna using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cdna ends (r ... | 2002 | 12386840 |
| operational note indoor low-volume spray trials: handheld equipment evaluation. | four handheld aerosol-mist generators and 1 thermal fog generator were evaluated initially for their ability to deliver low flow rates (< or = 5 ml/min) of resmethrin insecticide. two generators, the london fog eliminator and clarke pl, were then selected from that group to conduct a treatment of a block of 16 residences (4 x 4 grid) vs. direct treatment of individual residences to determine the most efficacious method of treating a group of small dwellings or a village. data are presented on dr ... | 2002 | 12322948 |
| effectiveness and residual activity comparison of granular formulations of insect growth regulators pyriproxyfen and s-methoprene against florida mosquitoes in laboratory and outdoor conditions. | effectiveness and residual activity tests of granular formulations of 2 insect growth regulators (igrs), s-methoprene and pyriproxyfen, against laboratory-reared larvae of 5 colonized mosquitoes, aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, aedes taeniorhynchus, anopheles quadrimaculatus, and culex nigripalpus, were conducted in the laboratory and outdoors in plastic tubs. culex quinquefasciatus was exposed to these two igrs in the laboratory only. each igr formulation was applied at 0.02 and 0.05 ppm activ ... | 2002 | 12322941 |
| mosquito vector control and biology in latin america--a twelfth symposium. denver, colorado, february 2002. summaries. | the 12th annual latin american symposium presented by the american mosquito control association (amca) was held as part of the 68th annual meeting in denver, co, in february 2002. the principal objective, as for the previous 11 symposia, was to promote participation in the amca by vector control specialists, public health workers, and academicians from latin america. this publication includes summaries of 35 presentations that were given orally in spanish or presented as posters by participants ... | 2002 | 12322934 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of mosquito defensin genes. | to clone the defensin genes from the chinese main mosquito vectors and conduct sequnce analysis. | 2002 | 12297467 |
| molecular biology of mosquito vitellogenesis: from basic studies to genetic engineering of antipathogen immunity. | elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying stage- and tissue-specific expression of genes activated by a blood meal is of great importance for current efforts directed towards utilizing molecular genetics to develop novel strategies of mosquito and pathogen control. regulatory regions of such genes can be used to express anti-pathogen effector molecules in engineered vectors in a precise temporal and spatial manner, designed to maximally affect a pathogen. the fat body is a particularly impo ... | 2002 | 12225918 |
| toward a description of the sialome of the adult female mosquito aedes aegypti. | to describe the set of mrna and protein expressed in the salivary glands (sialome) of aedes aegypti mosquitoes, we randomly sequenced a full-length cdna library of this insect and performed edman degradation of pvdf-transferred protein bands from salivary homogenates. we found 238 cdna clusters which contained those coding for 10 of the 11 proteins found by aminoterminal degradation. all six previously described salivary proteins were found in this library. full-length sequences of 32 novel cdna ... | 2002 | 12213246 |
| ribonucleotide reductase subunits from the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti: cloning and expression. | ribonucleotide reductase catalyses the de novo synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides. class i reductases use an iron center to generate a tyrosyl free radical that can initiate formation of the deoxyribonucleotide. these reductases are alpha 2 beta 2 holoenzymes, and the subunits are denoted as r1 and r2. r1 contains the allosteric binding site and the active site, whereas r2 contains a binuclear iron center that initiates formation of the tyrosyl radical. we have cloned and sequenced the cdnas enco ... | 2002 | 12213240 |
| the chemical characterization of the epicuticular hydrocarbons of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | the chemical characterization of the hydrocarbon fraction of the epicuticular lipids of the vector mosquito aedes aegypti (linnaeus) was performed using gas chromatography (gc) and gas chromatography-electron impact mass spectrometry (gc-ms). seventy eight compounds were detected in purified hexane extracts and of these, 42 hydrocarbons were identified and several of the remaining compounds were partially characterized. the hydrocarbon classes present were n-alkanes, monomethylalkanes, dimethyla ... | 2002 | 12191436 |
| neuropeptide f and its expression in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. | a neuropeptide f (npf) was isolated from an extract of adult aedes aegypti mosquitoes based on its immunoreactivity in a radioimmunoassay for drosophila npf. after sequencing the peptide, cdnas encoding the npf were identified from head and midgut. these cdnas encode a prepropeptide containing a 36 amino acid peptide with an amidated carboxyl terminus, and its sequence shows it to be a member of the neuropeptide f/y superfamily. immunocytochemistry and northern blots confirmed that both the brai ... | 2002 | 12182937 |
| leucokinin activates ca(2+)-dependent signal pathway in principal cells of aedes aegypti malpighian tubules. | the role of ca(2+) in mediating the diuretic effects of leucokinin-viii was studied in isolated perfused malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. peritubular leucokinin-viii (1 microm) decreased the transepithelial resistance from 11.2 to 2.6 komega. cm, lowered the transepithelial voltage from 42.8 to 2.7 mv, and increased transepithelial cl(-) diffusion potentials 5.1-fold. in principal cells of the tubules, leucokinin-viii decreased the fractional resistance of the baso ... | 2002 | 12167601 |
| linkage map organization of expressed sequence tags and sequence tagged sites in the mosquito, aedes aegypti. | a composite genetic linkage map for the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti was constructed based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp), single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) and single strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) markers. the map consists of 146 marker loci distributed across 205 cm, and includes several morphological mutant marker loci. most of the genetic markers are derived from random cdnas or ae. aegypti genes of known function. a number of markers are derived from ... | 2002 | 12144703 |
| does temperature affect the outcome of larval competition between aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus? | the superior larval competitive ability of aedes albopictus has been proposed to explain the recent displacement of aedes aegyptiby the former species inparts of the southeastern u.s. ae. aegypti persists, however, in sympatry with ae. albopictus in urban areas of southern louisiana, florida, and texas, and the impact of larval competition between these species has not been investigated at higher temperatures that may be characteristic of these urban environments. we compared growth and survivor ... | 2002 | 12125878 |
| evaluation of various models of propane-powered mosquito traps. | large cage and field studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of various models of propane-powered mosquito traps. these traps utilized counterflow technology in conjunction with catalytic combustion to produce attractants (carbon dioxide, water vapor, and heat) and a thermoelectric generator that converted excess heat into electricity for stand-alone operation. the cage studies showed that large numbers of aedes aegypti and ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus were captured and that each progres ... | 2002 | 12125861 |
| an ecological survey of dengue vector mosquitos in central lao pdr. | an ecological survey of dengue vector mosquitos was carried out in june 2000 in central lao pdr. two areas in khammouane province, nongbok and thakhek, were selected for the survey. of the 7 mosquito species identified, aedes aegypti was dominant in both study areas. the container index for ae. aegypti in nongbok was 51.8% and was significantly higher than that of thakhek (40.2%); moreover, significant differences between the study areas were found with records to containers and to the condition ... | 2002 | 12118462 |
| a genetic correlation between age at pupation and melanization immune response of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. | to investigate the evolutionary cost of an immune response, we selected six lines of the mosquito aedes aegypti for earlier or later pupation and measured the extent to which this selection procedure changed the mosquito's ability to encapsulate and melanize a negatively charged sephadex bead. after 10 generations of selection, the age at pupation in the two selection regimes differed by about 0.7 days, accompanied by an increase of wing length of the mosquitoes selected for late pupation. among ... | 2002 | 12093022 |
| mouthparts of male aedes (stegomyia) mosquitoes. | mouthparts of adult males of 17 strains of 8 species from the subgenus stegomyia of the genus aedes, including 5 strains of aedes aegypti and 6 strains of aedes albopictus, were examined. lengths of maxillae, mandibles, maxillary palpi, and proboscises were measured under light microscopy and their detailed structures were examined by scanning electron microscopy. lengths were presented as ratios to proboscis lengths. in contrast to previous reports, mandibles were found in all 5 strains of male ... | 2002 | 12083358 |
| point source inoculation of mesocyclops (copepoda: cyclopidae) gives widespread control of ochlerotatus and aedes (diptera: culicidae) immatures in service manholes and pits in north queensland, australia. | this study details the novel application of predacious copepods, genus mesocyclops, for control of ochlerotatus tremulus (theobald) group and aedes aegypti (l.) mosquito larvae in subterranean habitats in north queensland, australia. during june 1997, 50 mesocyclops sp. 1 were inoculated into one service manhole in south townsville. wet season rainfall and flooding in both 1998 and 2000 was responsible for the dispersal of copepods via the underground pipe system to 29 of 35 manholes over an are ... | 2002 | 12061442 |
| a piperidine amide extracted from piper longum l. fruit shows activity against aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. | mosquito larvicidal activity of piper longum fruit-derived materials against the fourth-instar larvae of aedes aegypti was examined. a crude methanol extract of p. longum fruits was found to be active against the larvae, and the hexane fraction of the methanol extract showed a strong larvicidal activity of 100% mortality. the biologically active component of p. longum fruits was characterized as pipernonaline by spectroscopic analyses. the lc(50) value of pipernonaline was 0.25 mg/l. the toxicit ... | 2002 | 12059157 |
| neuroendocrine modulation of olfactory sensory neuron signal reception via axo-dendritic synapses in the antennae of the mosquito, aedes aegypti. | an ultrastructural study of the antennae of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, revealed that as in the salt marsh mosquito, culex salinarius, the first flagellar segment of both sexes of a. aegypti contain neuroendocrine cells. these cells not only extend an axon via the antennal nerve to the antennal lobe of the deutocerebrum, but project collaterals to the periphery of the antennae, where they modulate the antennal sensory neurons by forming synapses with the dendrites of these afferent ... | 2002 | 12059042 |
| derris (lonchocarpus) urucu (leguminosae) extract modifies the peritrophic matrix structure of aedes aegypti (diptera:culicidae). | aqueous suspension of ethanol extracts of derris (lonchocarpus) urucu (leguminosae), collected in the state of amazonas, brazil, were tested for larvicidal activity against the mosquito aedes aegypti (diptera:culicidae). the aim of this study was to observe the alterations of peritrophic matrix in ae. aegypti larvae treated with an aqueous suspension of d. urucu extract. different concentrations of d. urucu root extract were tested against fourth instar larvae. one hundred percent mortality was ... | 2002 | 12051197 |
| variation of the oviposition preferences of aedes aegypti in function of substratum and humidity. | two aedes aegypti (l.) populations were studied in the laboratory regarding the preference for three types of breeding sites, i.e., flasks containing only water, flasks with a plant and flasks with a stick. each of these breeding units was placed in one cage and the choice of the oviposition sites was determined for individual females and three females per experimental unit at two humidity levels. preference for ovipositing on the water surface was observed and varied according to experimental u ... | 2002 | 12048575 |
| formulation of an effective mosquito-repellent topical product from lemongrass oil. | ointment and cream formulations of lemongrass oil in different classes of base and the oil in liquid paraffin solution have been evaluated for mosquito repellency in a topical application. mosquito repellency was tested by determining the bite-deterrence of product samples applied on an experimental bird's skin against a 2-day starved culture of aedes aegypti l. mosquitoes. the 1%v/v solution and 15%v/w cream and ointment preparations of the oil exhibited > or =50% repellency lasting 2-3 h, whic ... | 2002 | 12046869 |
| [climate and the superimposed distribution of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus on infestation of são paulo state, brazil]. | to study the influence of climatic factors and superimposed distribution of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus populations on their geographic dispersal in the state of são paulo. | 2002 | 12045797 |
| characterization of hemocytes from the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. | mosquitoes are the most important arthropod disease vectors, transmitting a broad range of pathogens that cause diseases such as malaria, lymphatic filariasis, and yellow fever. mosquitoes and other insects are able to mount powerful cellular and humoral immune responses against invading pathogens. to date, most studies have concentrated on the humoral response. in the current study we describe the hemocytes (blood cells) of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, by means of morphology, lecti ... | 2002 | 12029490 |
| comparison of cetirizine, ebastine and loratadine in the treatment of immediate mosquito-bite allergy. | people frequently experience whealing and delayed papules from mosquito bites. whealing is mediated by antisaliva immunoglobulin (ig)e antibodies and histamine. cetirizine, ebastine and loratadine have earlier shown effects on mosquito-bite reactions but no comparative studies exist. | 2002 | 12028119 |
| [susceptibility to the infection of anopheles nuneztovari gabaldón and aedes aegypti l with romanomermis iyengari welch (rhabditida: mermitidae)]. | a laboratory-based study was performed in order to assess the infestation capacity of the mosquito parasite nematode romanomermis iyengari welch, on anopheles nuneztovari gabaldón and aedes aegypti l. for each mosquito species, nine hundred (900) i to iii instars larvae were taken. these larvae were infested with pre-parasitic larvae of r. iyengari in proportions of 5:1 and 10:1. the infestation averages obtained were 3.9 and 6.7 for anopheles nuneztovari, and 1.9 and 4.7 for aedes aegypti respe ... | 2002 | 12520998 |
| field evaluation of cypermethrin and cyfluthrin against dengue vectors in a housing estate in malaysia. | cynoff 25ulv (cypermethrin 25 g/l) and solfac ul015 (cyfluthrin 1.5% w/v) were evaluated against the sentinel sugar-fed adults and 4th-instar larvae of aedes aegypti in a housing estate endemic of dengue in malaysia. the impact of both pyrethroids on field populations of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti larvae was monitored weekly using bottle containers. both cynoff 25ulv and solfac ul015 showed adulticidal effects and larvicidal effects. this field trial using cynoff 25ulv against dengue vec ... | 2002 | 12546459 |
| midgut exopeptidase activities in aedes aegypti are induced by blood feeding. | midgut extracts from aedes aegypti females exhibited hydrolytic activities against synthetic substrates for carboxypeptidase a, carboxyopeptidase b and leucine-aminopeptidase. the three activities showed a broad ph optimum, with maximum activities at ph between 6.5 and 8.5. enzymatic activities were further characterized by testing the effects of a variety of protease inhibitors. captopril and 1-10-phenantroline inhibited the activities of carboxypeptidases a and b, while leuhistin, amastatin an ... | 2002 | 12770120 |
| membrane conductances of principal cells in malpighian tubules of aedes aegypti. | two-electrode voltage clamp (tevc) methods were used to explore conductive transport pathways in principal cells, the dominant cell type in malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito. the basolateral membrane of principal cells had a voltage (v(bl)) of -85.1 mv in 49 principal cells under control conditions. measures of the input resistance r(pc) together with membrane fractional resistance yielded estimates of the conductance of the basolateral membrane (g(bl) = 1.48 &mgr;s) and the apical ... | 2002 | 12770112 |
| lipid metabolism during sequential gonotrophic cycles in large and small female aedes aegypti. | the lipid metabolism was investigated during six gonotrophic cycles of aedes aegypti. females of constant body size were analyzed for their total lipid content: large females with a body size of 41.06 (wing length cubed) and small females with 15.63. their lipid contents at eclosion were compared to lipid values after two days of sugar-feeding, shortly before a blood meal, after oviposition, of their total egg batches, and again before the next blood meal, with intermittent access to sugar for t ... | 2002 | 12770082 |
| a ribosome-free extract from cultured cells improves recovery of polysomes from the mosquito fat body: analysis of vitellogenin and ribosomal protein rpl34 gene expression. | we have examined the association of ribosomal protein rpl34 mrna with polysomes in aedes albopictus c7-10 cells in culture using a simple, two-step sucrose gradient. in growing cells, 40-50% of the ribosomes were engaged on polysomes. this proportion could be increased to 80% when metabolism was stimulated by refeeding the cells with fresh medium. conversely, ribosomes shifted off polysomes when cells were starved with phosphate-buffered saline or cell lysates were treated with puromycin. when s ... | 2002 | 12770046 |
| glucosamine:fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase: gene characterization, chitin biosynthesis and peritrophic matrix formation in aedes aegypti. | glucosamine:fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (gfat) catalyses the formation of glucosamine 6-phosphate and is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. the final product of the hexosamine pathway, udp-n-acetyl glucosamine, is an active precursor of numerous macromolecules containing amino sugars, including chitin in fungi and arthropods. chitin is one of the essential components of insect cuticle and peritrophic matrix. the peritrophic matrix is produced in ... | 2002 | 12000639 |
| survey of aedes aegypti eggs in and around homes in tucson, arizona. | the abundance and location of eggs of aedes aegypti were evaluated through inspection of 24 tucson homes during the winter of 1998-99 to assess the potential of the mosquitoes to overwinter in this area. eggs were found either indoors or outdoors in 46% of residences surveyed. after immersion in water, about 23% of eggs found indoors hatched, and about 5% of eggs found outdoors hatched. | 2002 | 11998933 |
| two isoforms of the early e74 gene, an ets transcription factor homologue, are implicated in the ecdysteroid hierarchy governing vitellogenesis of the mosquito, aedes aegypti. | in the anautogenous mosquito, aedes aegypti, vitellogenesis is under the strict control of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e), which is produced via a blood meal-activated hormonal cascade. several genes of the ecdysteroid-regulatory hierarchy are conserved between vitellogenesis in mosquitoes and metamorphosis in drosophila. we report characterization of two isoforms of the mosquito early e74 gene (aae74), which have a common c-terminal ets dna-binding domain and unique n-termini. they exhibited a high l ... | 2002 | 11997188 |
| development and applications of transgenesis in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. | transgenesis technology has been developed for the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. successful integration of exogenous dna into the germline of this mosquito has been achieved with the class ii transposable elements, hermes, mariner and piggybac. a number of marker genes, including the cinnabar(+) gene of drosophila melanogaster, and fluorescent protein genes, can be used to monitor the insertion of these elements. the availability of multiple elements and marker genes provides a powerful ... | 2002 | 11985858 |
| effect of the synergist, piperonyl butoxide, on the development of deltamethrin resistance in yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae). | the larvae and adults of aedes aegypti were tested for the potential to develop resistance to the synthetic pyrethroid, deltamethrin, alone or a combination of deltamethrin with the synergist, piperonyl butoxide (pbo). although continuous larval selection for 40 generations resulted in 703-fold resistance, the resistance ratio in the adults was only 1.3. similarly, adult selections with deltamethrin showed a resistance ratio of less than four after 40 generations, indicating differential respons ... | 2002 | 11948970 |
| investigation of the larvicidal activity of pothomorphe peltata and isolation of the active constituent. | the insecticidal activity of the leaves of pothomorphe peltata (piperaceae) was evaluated on aedes aegypti larvae. the active methanol extract was subjected to a bioactivity-directed fractionation, monitored by the larvicidal assay, and led to the isolation of a catechol derivative, 4-nerolidylcatechol. this compound was quite potent against aedes aegypti larvae (lc(50) = 9.1 microg/ml). | 2002 | 11933144 |
| winter intervention against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larvae in subterranean habitats slows surface recolonization in summer. | at semiarid charters towers, north queensland, australia, the importance of aedes aegypti (l.) in wells was assessed in relation to the colonization of surface habitats during the wet season. from april to july 1999, 10 wells (five positive for ae. aegypti) were monitored to assess their status and larvae population numbers therein. all surface containers located within a 100 m radius of each well were removed, treated with s-methoprene or sealed to prevent the utilization of these containers by ... | 2002 | 11931036 |
| characterization of the aeahp gene and its expression in the mosquito aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | the sequence and tissue expression of the gene encoding a peptide hormone aea-hp-i, known to inhibit host-seeking behavior, has been characterized for the yellowfever mosquito, aedes aegypti (l.). the open reading frame reveals a prepropeptide that would be processed into three identical peptides. the gene contains four short introns and exists as a single genomic copy. transcripts of the gene were present in the brain, terminal ganglion, and midgut of adults, and in females, its expression prof ... | 2002 | 11931033 |
| carbonic anhydrase in the midgut of larval aedes aegypti: cloning, localization and inhibition. | the larval mosquito midgut exhibits one of the highest ph values known in a biological system. while the ph inside the posterior midgut and gastric caeca ranges between 7.0 and 8.0, the ph inside the anterior midgut is close to 11.0. alkalization is likely to involve bicarbonate/carbonate ions. these ions are produced in vivo by the enzymatic action of carbonic anhydrase. the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of this enzyme in the alkalization mechanism, to establish its presence ... | 2002 | 11907049 |
| aedes aegypti peritrophic matrix and its interaction with heme during blood digestion. | a large amount of heme is produced upon digestion of red cell hemoglobin in the midgut of mosquitoes. the interaction between heme and the peritrophic matrix (pm) was studied in aedes aegypti. by light microscopy, the pm appeared as a light brownish layer between the intestinal epithelium and the alimentary bolus. this natural color can be attributed to the presence of heme bound to the matrix. in histochemical studies, a diffuse peroxidase activity of the heme molecules was clearly observed bet ... | 2002 | 11891128 |
| 3-hydroxykynurenine transaminase identity with alanine glyoxylate transaminase. a probable detoxification protein in aedes aegypti. | this study describes the functional characterization of a specific mosquito transaminase responsible for catalyzing the transamination of 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-hk) to xanthurenic acid (xa). the enzyme was purified from aedes aegypti larvae by ammonium sulfate fractionation, heat treatment, and various chromatographic techniques, plus non-denaturing electrophoresis. the purified transaminase has a relative molecular mass of 42,500 by sds-page. n-terminal and internal sequencing of the purified p ... | 2002 | 11880382 |
| dengue in children: critical points in management. | dengue fever (df) is endemic and occasionally epidemic in many tropical and subtropical areas inhabited by the mosquito vector aedes aegypti. infection with dengue may present with varied clinical manifestations. significant morbidity and mortality can result if early recognition and monitoring of its severe forms (dhf and dss) is not done and if appropriate medical intervention is delayed. this article reviews several critical points in the basic evaluation and management of dengue in the pedia ... | 2001 | 11845665 |
| leucokinin and the modulation of the shunt pathway in malpighian tubules. | transepithelial secretion in malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito (aedes aegypti) is mediated by active transport of na(+) and k(+) through principal cells and passive cl(-) transport through the shunt. permeation through the shunt was assessed by measuring transepithelial halide diffusion potentials in isolated perfused malpighian tubules, after first inhibiting active transport with dinitrophenol. diffusion potentials were small under control conditions, revealing eisenman selectivi ... | 2001 | 11119772 |
| protein catabolism in mosquitoes: ureotely and uricotely in larval and imaginal aedes aegypti. | catabolism of excess dietary protein by aedes aegypti was investigated during larval development, during and after metamorphosis. activity profiles were established for xanthine dehydrogenase (xdh, uricotelic pathway) and arginase (ureotelic pathway). both enzymes are active at all times during the life-cycle. during the aquatic larval and pupal instars, xdh and arginase activities increase with body size. maximal activities of these two enzyme systems coincide with the time of metamorphic restr ... | 2001 | 11064020 |
| enzymatic analysis of uricotelic protein catabolism in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | excess protein ingested by blood meals of mosquitoes is catabolized by a uricotelic pathway. we have established enzyme activity profiles for xanthine dehydrogenase (xdh), the enzyme that catalyzes uric acid synthesis, and related it to intestinal proteolytic activities in female aedes aegypti mosquitoes.during the first day after eclosion the meconium containing urate and urea of larval/pupal origin is discharged, together with xdh activity. females of constant body size and of defined age were ... | 2001 | 11033169 |
| organization and developmental expression of the mosquito vitellogenin receptor gene. | vitellogenin is a precursor of the major yolk protein, vitellin. it is internalized by developing oocytes via receptor-mediated endocytosis. previously, we characterized the vitellogenin receptor (vgr) from oocytes of the mosquito aedes aegypti [sappington, t.w., kokoza,v.a., cho,w.l. and raikhel,a.s. (1996) molecular characterization of the mosquito vitellogenin receptor reveals unexpected high homology to the drosophila yolk protein receptor. proc natl acad sci usa 93: 8934-8939]. the vgr rece ... | 2001 | 11881811 |
| msqtc3, a tc3-like transposon in the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. | a novel transposon, msqtc3-aa, has been discovered in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. evidence of its past mobility is presented. there are approximately 100 copies of msqtc3-aa in a. aegypti, eight of which have been isolated and sequenced. all sequenced copies are more than 99% identical to their consensus, indicating recent mobilization. the msqtc3-aa consensus contains imperfect terminal inverted repeats (tirs) and an open reading frame (orf) interrupted by an intron. sequence, str ... | 2001 | 11881806 |
| repellent activity of ferronia elephantum corr. (rutaceae) leaf extract against aedes aegypti (l.). | the repellent activity of a methanol extract of ferronia elephantum leaves against aedes aegypti was studied in the laboratory. the percentage protection in relation to the dose method was used. the repellent activity at 1.0 and 2.5 mg/cm2 concentrations gave 100% protection up to 2.14 +/- 0.16 h and 4.00 +/- 0.24 h, respectively. the total percentage protection of ferronia elephantum was 45.8% at 1.0 mg/cm2 and 59.0% at 2.5 mg/cm2 for 10 h. | 2001 | 11198185 |
| in situ analysis of ph gradients in mosquito larvae using non-invasive, self-referencing, ph-sensitive microelectrodes. | the alkaline environment, ph approximately 11, in the anterior midgut lumen of mosquito larvae is essential for normal nutrition and development. the mechanism of alkalization is, however, unknown. although evidence from immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and electrophysiology suggests that a v-atpase is present in the basal membranes of the epithelial cells, its physiological role in the alkalization process has not been demonstrated. to investigate a possible role of the v-atpase in lum ... | 2001 | 11171351 |
| exploration of mosquito immunity using cells in culture. | the propagation of immune-responsive cells in vitro has provided the basis for substantial contributions to our understanding of many aspects of the mammalian immune response. in contrast, the potential for exploring the innate immune response of insects using cultured cells is only beginning to be developed, particularly with various mosquito cell lines from the genera aedes and anopheles. immune-reactive mosquito cell lines express various defensive factors, including transferrin, lysozyme, ce ... | 2001 | 11167096 |
| innate immune response of aedes aegypti. | insects are able to protect themselves from invasion by pathogens by a rapid and potent arsenal of inducible immune peptides. this fast, extremely effective response is part of the innate immunity exhibited by all insects and many invertebrates, and shows striking similarities with the innate immune response of vertebrates. in aedes aegypti invasion of the hemocoel by bacteria elicits the production of defensins, cecropins, a peptide active only against gram-negative bacteria, and several other ... | 2001 | 11167091 |
| neuroendocrine factors affecting the steady-state levels of early trypsin mrna in aedes aegypti. | transcription of the early trypsin gene occurs in the midgut after adult emergence under control of juvenile hormone (jh). we tested the hypothesis that factors that affect the steady-state levels of early trypsin mrna do so by influencing the levels of jh. we investigated the effect of ingesting different meals on early trypsin mrna levels as well as on jh levels. we also studied how early trypsin mrna levels changed when the midgut was isolated from different components of the neuroendocrine s ... | 2001 | 11166316 |
| chloride channels in apical membrane patches of stellate cells of malpighian tubules of aedes aegypti. | stellate cells of aedes aegypti malpighian tubules were investigated using patch-clamp methods to probe the route of transepithelial cl(-) secretion. two types of cl(-) channel were identified in excised, inside-out apical membrane patches. the first cl(-) channel, type i, had a conductance of 24 ps, an open probability of 0.816+/-0.067, an open time of 867+/-114 ms (mean +/- s.e.m., four patches) and the selectivity sequence i(-)>cl(-)(much greater than) isethionate>gluconate. the i(-)/cl(-)>is ... | 2001 | 11136622 |
| mosquito vector control and biology in latin america--an eleventh symposium. | the 11th annual latin american symposium presented by the american mosquito control association (amca) was held as part of the 67th annual meeting in dallas, tx, in february 2001. the principal objective, as for the previous 10 symposia, was to promote participation in the amca by vector control specialists, public health workers, and academicians from latin america. this publication includes summaries of 45 presentations that were given orally in spanish or presented as posters by participants ... | 2001 | 14529084 |
| highly-substrate active isoenzyme acetylcholinesterase-ii, in rosy eye mutant of aedes aegypti mosquito. | insecticide bioassays were carried out on larvae and adults of rosy eye mutant and wildtype strains of a. aegypti. both the strains were equally susceptible to ddt, malathion and deltamethrin. biochemical assays showed an increase in acetylcholinesterase enzyme (ache) activity in all the stages of mutant strain with both the substrates i.e. acetylthiocholine iodide and s-butyrylthiocholine iodide. however, there was no difference in the percent inhibition of enzyme activity with propoxur in thes ... | 2001 | 12018585 |