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a sero-epidemiological survey of infections with the bovine respiratory syncytial virus in first-season grazing calves. 19863751394
metabolism of ribavirin in respiratory syncytial virus-infected and uninfected cells.the metabolism of ribavirin to its mono-, di-, and triphosphate derivatives was examined in uninfected and respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells. the degree of phosphorylation was dose dependent upon extracellular ribavirin concentration. the major species formed was the triphosphate, with mono- and diphosphates being approximately 12 and 4% of the triphosphate, respectively. amounts of triphosphate formed in infected cells were up to 2.6-fold greater than those in uninfected cells. upon dr ...19863752974
serum and nasal-wash immunoglobulin g and a antibody response of infants and children to respiratory syncytial virus f and g glycoproteins following primary infection.an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with immunoaffinity-purified fusion (f) or attachment (g) glycoprotein was used to measure the serum and secretory immune responses of 18 infants and children, 4 to 21 months of age, who underwent primary infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). most of the 10 older individuals (9 to 21 months of age) developed moderate levels of serum and nasal-wash immunoglobin a (iga) and igg f and g antibodies. these individuals developed a moderate level ...19863754878
a neutralizing monoclonal antibody to respiratory syncytial virus which binds to both f1 and f2 components of the fusion protein.a virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (1e3) specifically immunoprecipitated the 70000 mol. wt. (70k) fusion (f) protein from respiratory syncytial (rs) virus-infected hela cells. western blotting analysis of polypeptides from such cells separated by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) under reducing conditions revealed that 1e3 was peculiar in that it bound to both f1 (50k) and f2 (20k) components of the f protein. antibody subsequently eluted from either the f1 or the f2 region ...19863755162
dissociation between serum neutralizing and glycoprotein antibody responses of infants and children who received inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine.the serum antibody response of infants and children immunized with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine 20 years ago was determined by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for the rsv fusion (f) and large (g) glycoproteins and a neutralization assay. twenty-one young infants (2 to 6 months of age) developed a high titer of antibodies to the f glycoprotein but had a poor response to the g glycoprotein. fifteen older individuals (7 to 40 months of age) deve ...19863755730
serum immunoglobulin g antibody subclass responses to respiratory syncytial virus f and g glycoproteins after primary infection.because the immunoglobulin g (igg) response to carbohydrate antigens is typically from the igg2 subclass and the igg response to protein antigens is typically from the igg1 and sometimes the igg3 subclass, two respiratory syncytial virus glycoproteins, f and g, which differ substantially in the amount of glycosylation, were used as antigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine igg subclass responses in 20 infants and young children with naturally acquired respiratory syncytial vi ...19863755731
respiratory syncytial virus and ribavirin. 19863763427
[significance of various respiratory viruses in the development of chronic nonspecific bronchopulmonary processes].combined virological and bacteriological studies were carried out in 83 patients with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases. viral antigens, predominantly respiratory syncytial virus antigen, were detected in 72% of the patients in bronchial material obtained by bronchoscopy. examinations for antibody of igm and igg classes specific for different viruses revealed acute infection in 79% of the patients which coincided with exacerbation of the process due to concomitant arvd. the other patients had ch ...19863765557
[reproductive activity of the influenza a virus in the splenocytes of experimental animals with mono- and mixed infections].virus-induced processes in organs and tissues of syrian hamsters in relation to the influenza a virus strain used (hon1 or h3n2), age of the animals, and in the presence of mixed infection were compared. the infection of young hamsters with a/pr8/34 and a/bangkok/1/79 viruses was shown to induce the synthesis of viral proteins np and m in spleen cells lasting for up to 15 days (the observation period). in mixed influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection the possibility of influenza viru ...19863765566
bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine. 19863771353
simplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for specific antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus.a simplified and reliable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was applied to the detection of serum antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). rsv-infected cells were fixed and dried on 96-well microtiter plates and kept at 4 degrees c. the titers of reference sera were determined by endpoint dilution. a linear relation was found between the titers and the logarithm of absorbance values of sera diluted to 1:1,000 (r = 0.93, p less than 0.001). measurement of rsv antibodies was d ...19863771748
effect of age and preexisting antibody on serum antibody response of infants and children to the f and g glycoproteins during respiratory syncytial virus infection.the serum antibody response of 50 infants and children infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was determined by a glycoprotein-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the effects of age and preexisting antibody titer at the time of rsv infection on response to the g and f glycoproteins of rsv were examined. the immune response to the g and f glycoproteins was assessed with anti-human immunoglobulin a to permit measurement of the response of young infants in the presence of mater ...19863771779
predictive value of respiratory syncytial virus-specific ige responses for recurrent wheezing following bronchiolitis.to determine whether the magnitude of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific ige response at the time of an episode of rsv bronchiolitis in infancy accurately predicts the development of subsequent wheezing episodes, we observed 38 infants prospectively from the time of an episode of infantile bronchiolitis through 48 months of age. peak rsv-ige titers were measured at the time of the bronchiolitis episode using an elisa procedure. notation was made of both the number of subsequent wheez ...19863772657
human respiratory syncytial virus glycoprotein g expressed from a recombinant vaccinia virus vector protects mice against live-virus challenge.recombinant vaccinia virus vectors were constructed which expressed the major surface glycoprotein g of human respiratory syncytial (rs) virus. the biological activity of the g protein expressed from these vectors was assayed. inoculation of rabbits with live recombinant virus induced high titers of antibody which specifically immunoprecipitated rs virus g protein and was capable of neutralizing rs virus infectivity. immunization of mice by either the intranasal or the intraperitoneal route with ...19863773052
gianotti-crosti syndrome associated with infections other than hepatitis b.although the gianotti-crosti syndrome (gcs) is regularly associated with hepatitis b infection elsewhere, in north america that association is rarely made. accordingly, we studied nine children with acral, symmetrical eruptions typical of gcs for evidence of other infections. all were negative for hepatitis b surface antigen. viral cultures were done in nine patients, and viruses isolated in two. one patient with a respiratory prodrome had respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) isolated, and a second ...19863773143
the use of eye-nose goggles to control nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infection.we evaluated an eye-nose goggle to determine its usefulness in reducing nosocomial rsv infection in patients and staff members on our infant ward. during a community outbreak of rsv in 1984, infection was assessed by biweekly routine viral cultures on all ward personnel and patients and also by seroconversion in personnel. for three weeks staff members wore the goggles; two (5%) adults and one (6%) child acquired nosocomial infection. during the subsequent three-week study period, goggles were n ...19863773177
isolation of viruses from specimens submitted for direct immunofluorescence test for respiratory syncytial virus. 19863511204
common bacterial pneumonitis in infants. determining the etiology and tailoring the treatment.in infantile pneumonia, we recommend close attention to the history and physical examination. baseline studies, including cbc, esr, blood cultures, and chest film, should be performed at onset and repeated as warranted. nasopharyngeal secretions or washings should be drawn by means of gentle suction and specimens sent for gram stain, fluorescent antibody stain for respiratory syncytial virus, and culture for bacteria and for viruses if possible. acute and convalescent serum specimens should be o ...19863511465
flunixin meglumine in calves with natural bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection.twenty-three calves (three to eight months of age) with serological evidence of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection were used in this study. the calves originated from four herds with respiratory tract disease. in a double blind trial the calves were injected intravenously with either flunixin meglumine (2 mg/kg body weight) or with a placebo. the effect on the course of disease was measured using the po2 in capillary blood samples from the ears of the calves and by the effect on body t ...19863511602
diagnosis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections improved by virus detection in lung lavage samples.the potential of lung lavage to diagnose and study infections with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) was investigated. the technique was simple to perform under field conditions, and even in calves with respiratory tract disease, serious drawbacks were not observed. in 9 epizootics of respiratory tract disease, brsv infection was diagnosed in 1 or more calves. the brsv was detected from a total of 21 of 32 calves by immunofluorescence in cells recovered from lavage fluids, and the virus ...19863511803
detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal secretions by a biotin-avidin elisa more sensitive than the fluorescent antibody technique.the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was investigated by immunofluorescent antibody (if) technique and by a biotin/avidin (ba) elisa in 156 samples of nasopharyngeal secretions (nps) obtained from infants and small children with acute respiratory disease. of 70 rsv-if-positive nps, 68 were positive by ba-elisa. of 86 rsv-if-negative nps, eight were positive by ba-elisa. ba-elisa could detect 0.5-1.0 ng rsv-protein.19863512768
neonatal respiratory syncytial virus infection: role of transplacentally and breast milk-acquired antibodies.the effect of transplacentally and breast milk-acquired antibodies on respiratory syncytial virus infection was studied in neonatal and 2-month-old cotton rats. adult female rats infected intranasally with live virus regularly produced virus-specific antibodies in the serum, colostrum, and breast milk. by using foster feeding techniques, we showed that both transplacentally and breast milk-acquired antibodies were effective in reducing the replication of respiratory syncytial virus in the lungs ...19863512852
resistance to human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection induced by immunization of cotton rats with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the rsv g glycoprotein.a cdna copy of the g glycoprotein gene of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was placed under control of a vaccinia virus promoter and inserted into the thymidine kinase locus of the vaccinia virus genome. the recombinant vaccinia virus retained infectivity and expressed a 93-kda protein that migrated with the authentic rsv g glycoprotein upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. glycosylation of the expressed protein and transport to the cell surface were demonstrated in the absence of othe ...19863513191
a live pasteurella haemolytica vaccine efficacy trial.a live pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 vaccine was used in an efficacy trial conducted on 100 lightweight feeder calves purchased from a florida ranch. forty-one calves were inoculated with the vaccine intradermally in the neck. fifty-nine calves served as nonvaccinated controls. fourteen days later, the calves were shipped to an order buyer in eastern tennessee, where the calves were mixed with 60 local calves in a community sale barn for 72 hours. after 3 additional days, the calves were sh ...19863514562
rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirates by a commercial enzyme immunoassay.a commercial enzyme immunoassay (eia) for the rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in respiratory secretions was evaluated by comparison with both virus isolation in hep-2 cells and indirect immunofluorescence (ifa) staining of exfoliated respiratory cells. initial examination of 80 nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from infants with acute respiratory illness showed that the rsv eia was positive for 21 of 24 specimens positive by virus isolation or ifa (87.5% sensitivity) and ne ...19863514658
antigenic variation between human respiratory syncytial virus isolates.three hybridoma antibodies, prepared against the rsn-2 strain of human respiratory syncytial (rs) virus, have been used to identify antigenic variation between 41 isolates of rs virus collected from widely separated geographical regions over a period of 29 years. one antibody was directed against an antigenic site on the virus fusion protein, vp70. this site was shared by 21 virus isolates tested and its recognition by the antibody was sensitive to the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. the remainin ...19863517224
evaluation of clinical specimens for the presence of respiratory syncytial virus antigens using an enzyme immunoassay.an enzyme-linked immunoassay (eia) was developed for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigen in nasopharyngeal secretions. this assay, which employs goat and rabbit anti-rsv as the capture and detector antibodies respectively, was used in a retrospective evaluation of frozen clinical specimens from children. the eia results were compared with those of virus isolation in cell culture and direct fluorescent antibody staining performed at the time of specimen collection. the sens ...19863517226
detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal secretions by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect immunofluorescence, and virus isolation: a comparative study.an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigens in nasopharyngeal secretions (nps) from children with acute respiratory disease. antisera against rsv nucleocapsids were used as immunoreagents for this test system. the results obtained by rsv antigen elisa were compared to those of indirect immunofluorescence (if) and tissue culture virus isolation (tc). of the 404 nps obtained, 278 were tested in parallel by elisa and if ...19863522805
ribavirin aerosol for acute bronchiolitis.a randomised double blind placebo controlled trial of treatment with an aerosolised antiviral agent, ribavirin, was conducted in 26 infants with clinically diagnosed bronchiolitis. nebulised ribavirin (14 infants) or normal saline aerosol (12 infants) was given for 18 hours a day for at least three days. respiratory syncytial virus was identified in nasal secretions from 20 cases (10 from both groups). trends in seven out of eight clinical variables favoured active treatment. ribavirin aerosol w ...19863524473
use of egg-yolk antibody for detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasal secretions by elisa.egg-yolk immunoglobulins extracted from the eggs of hens immunized with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) have been used as a reagent in double sandwich elisa for detecting rsv in nasal secretions. the sensitivity of virus detection was the same in indirect elisa, using rabbit anti chicken globulin conjugate, as when biotinylated yolk globulin and labeled avidin were used for detection. the specificity of elisa for detecting rsv using yolk antibody was similar to that achieved by indirect immuno ...19863524512
respiratory syncytial virus: a review of the virus, its epidemiology, immune response and laboratory diagnosis. 19863524530
value of rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection on management of small infants.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of infection in infancy and early childhood. a presumptive diagnosis of rsv infection can frequently be made on clinical grounds. confirmation can be made by viral culture, which may take 3 to 7 days. immunofluorescent assay (ifa) is a specific and sensitive test that can provide laboratory confirmation of rsv infection the same day. rapid diagnosis of rsv infection may have implications regarding prevention of nosocomial spread of rsv, early i ...19863524958
occurrence of respiratory syncytial virus subtypes a and b strains in sweden.the subtype characteristics of 22 strains of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus isolated in sweden were determined by the use of monoclonal antibodies. eleven antibodies specific for distinct epitopes on five different structural proteins were used in immunofluorescence and radioimmune precipitation assays. one group of 12 isolates were derived from a three-month epidemic during 1984, whereas the other ten virus isolates were recovered during a time period of 13 years (1971-1983). all isolates cou ...19863525747
application of a modified indirect fluorescent antibody test to the detection of antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in ontario cattle.a modified indirect fluorescent antibody test for the detection of serum antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus was developed. the test made use of terasaki plastic microtiter plates in which bovine respiratory syncytial virus (saskatchewan strain) infected georgia bovine kidney cells were grown and fixed in situ by a modified acetone fixation procedure. evans blue dye was used as a counterstain to reduce nonspecific fluorescence. in a study of 986 field sera from a geographically broa ...19863527392
expression of the f glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus by a recombinant vaccinia virus: comparison of the individual contributions of the f and g glycoproteins to host immunity.a cdna clone representing the mrna coding sequence of the fusion glycoprotein (f) gene of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was constructed and inserted into the thymidine kinase gene of vaccinia virus (wr strain) under the control of a vaccinia virus promoter. the resulting recombinant vaccinia virus, vaccinia f, expressed the f1 and f2 cleavage products (48 and 20 kda, respectively) of the f glycoprotein in cell culture. f1 and f2 were indistinguishable from their authentic rsv counterpa ...19863532115
mycoplasma bovis infection in gnotobiotic calves and combined infection with respiratory syncytial virus.mycoplasma bovis was inoculated alone or in combination with respiratory syncytial virus into the respiratory tracts of 12 gnotobiotic calves. clinical signs ranged from transient pyrexia to protracted fever accompanied by severe lower respiratory signs and in one case, arthritis. pulmonary lesions included foci of coagulative necrosis surrounded by mononuclear cells and suppurative bronchiolitis with varying degrees of lympho-reticular hyperplasia. no enhancement of lesions occurred in the comb ...19863535220
strategy for efficient detection of respiratory viruses in pediatric clinical specimens.direct immunofluorescence (if) with a polyclonal respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific antibody preparation was used for antigen detection during the 1982-1983 rsv season (155 specimens) and gave an overall sensitivity of 94% with 87% specificity compared with viral culture. indirect if was used in the 1983-1984 season (265 specimens) and exhibited sensitivity of 96% with specificity of 79%. during these two seasons, 42 of 224 (18.8%) specimens that were if-negative for rsv grew viruses oth ...19863536275
comparison of two new tests for rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infections by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence techniques.the sensitivity and the specificity of two new commercial reagent tests, an indirect fluorescent antibody test (fat) with a mouse monoclonal antibody (mab) against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) rsv antigen detection kit, were determined by a comparison of results from these tests with those of tissue culture isolation and an indirect fat with bovine polyclonal antibody (bpa). of 251 nasal aspirates from infants with suspected rsv infection, po ...19863536993
rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection by antigen immunofluorescence detection with monoclonal antibodies and immunoglobulin m immunofluorescence test.during a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection outbreak in a pediatric hospital, diagnosis was made by immunofluorescence on smears by using an anti-rsv monoclonal antibody (ifm). immunoglobulins m and g were titrated by indirect immunofluorescence on hep-2 cells infected with an rsv strain. the ifm was sensitive (89%) and specific (75%) when compared with the cell culture method. we showed that the specimens which were found positive by ifm and negative by cell culture were truly positive ...19863536995
time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay with monoclonal antibodies for rapid diagnosis of influenza infections.monoclonal antibodies that are broadly reactive with either influenza a or influenza b viruses were used to develop a 2- to 3-h antigen capture time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (tr fia) for detecting influenza viral antigens in both original nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens and in tissue cultures inoculated with nose or throat swab specimens. the lower limit of sensitivity of the assay was about 10 pg of protein as determined with purified influenza a nucleoprotein expressed by recombinant dna. ...19863537001
capture-elisa for serum igm antibody to respiratory syncytial virus.a four-component solid-phase capture enzyme immunoassay was set up to test for serum igm antibody to respiratory syncytial (rs) virus and was compared with immunofluorescence assay (ifa). a total of 128 young children with acute respiratory infections were studied. thirty-six were shown to be rs virus-positive by the detection of rs virus in nasopharyngeal secretions and 92 were rs virus-negative. a serum specimen was collected after admission to the hospital (days 0-4) and a further specimen wa ...19863540115
structural differences between subtype a and b strains of respiratory syncytial virus.differences in the properties of homologous intracellular structural components of eight strains of subtype a and eight strains of subtype b of human respiratory syncytial (rs) virus were examined. the size of the fusion (f) protein cleavage products and the phosphoprotein (p) showed systematic differences between virus strains representing the two subtypes. the apparent mol. wt. in sds-polyacrylamide gels under reducing conditions was 48,000 (48k) and 46k to 47k for the cleavage product f1 in s ...19863540207
recent advances in antiviral therapy.virus replication is described, and the clinical trials and indications for amantadine, rimantadine, vidarabine, vidarabine phosphate, acyclovir, ribavirin, and other promising antiviral agents are reviewed. amantadine and rimantadine are useful for the treatment and prophylaxis of viral influenza a infections. vidarabine is a second-line agent and is effective for the treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis, neonatal herpes simplex types 1 and 2, and varicella-zoster infections. vidarabine pho ...19863542344
expression of the major glycoprotein g of human respiratory syncytial virus from recombinant vaccinia virus vectors.the major glycoprotein, g, of human respiratory syncytial (rs) virus is a mr 84,000-90,000 species that has about 60% of its mass contributed by carbohydrate, most of which is in the form of o-linked oligosaccharides. the g protein contains neither a hydrophobic n-terminal signal sequence nor a hydrophobic c-terminal anchor region. instead, its amino acid sequence reveals only one region with significant hydrophobic character, which is between residues 38 and 66. in order to study the synthesis, ...19863455762
nucleotide sequences for the gene junctions of human respiratory syncytial virus reveal distinctive features of intergenic structure and gene order.complete sequences for the intergenic regions of the genome of human respiratory syncytial virus were obtained by dideoxynucleotide sequencing using synthetic oligonucleotides. these experiments established that the 10 respiratory syncytial viral genes are arranged, without additional intervening genes, in the order 3' 1c-1b-n-p-m-1a-g-f-22k-l 5'. for the first nine genes, the exact gene boundaries were identified by comparison of the genomic sequences with previously determined mrna sequences. ...19863460060
neutralizing activity in human milk fractions against respiratory syncytial virus.neutralizing activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was measured in milk samples from 17 healthy women whose infants had an acute infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and from 27 women with healthy infants. all milk samples were obtained 2-8 months post partum. neutralizing activity was detected in 36 samples. no major difference in neutralizing titers was observed between the two groups, and the titers were low. rsv-specific iga was found in two samples, and rsv-specific ...19863564936
age related igg subclass response to respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein in infected infants.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography using a mouse monoclonal antibody coupled to affi-gel 10. the fusion protein was homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and free of other detectable viral or cellular protein. the purified fusion protein was used in a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to measure the age-related antibody response to this protein in infected infants. the f ...19863791688
[enhanced luminescence intensity in immunofluorescent preparations following trypsin treatment].comparative investigations were carried out on the immunofluorescent preparations of cell cultures infected with bovine viruses--rota-, corona-, respiratory-syncytial, parainfluenza-3, adeno-1, and herpes-1--to test various fixatives and the effect of trypsin in raising the sensitivity of the immunofluorescence method. the effect of trypsin was manifested in fixation with formalin, ethanol, methanol, and acetone treated immunofluorescent preparations of cell cultures infected with rota- and aden ...19863544471
interleukin 1 and interleukin 1 inhibitor production by human macrophages exposed to influenza virus or respiratory syncytial virus. respiratory syncytial virus is a potent inducer of inhibitor activity.respiratory viral infections are commonly associated with altered immune responses, such as proliferative responses to mitogens and antigens. to examine potential mechanisms, we examined production of il-1 and il-1 inhibitors by purified human peripheral blood-derived macrophages exposed to influenza virus or respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). il-1 and il-1 inhibitor activities in supernatant fluids from macrophages exposed to the viruses 24 h previously were measured using the standard mouse th ...19863485170
passively acquired antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus impair the secondary cytotoxic t-cell response in the neonatal mouse.passively acquired antibody has been known since the 1940s to impair the secondary antibody response to the homologous antigen. however, the effect of passive immunity on the t-cell response is largely unknown. the results presented here demonstrate that monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), transferred in the mother's milk or injected directly, can reduce the generation of rsv-specific cytotoxic t-cell (tc) precursors by the neonatal mouse; the development of influe ...19863489669
the pediatrician's role in influenza control.influenza is the most important of acute respiratory illnesses that cause persons to seek medical care. for infants some other viruses such as respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza viruses share in the assault but influenza is the only respiratory virus for which we have tools for prevention. we need to use these tools effectively to build a wall of protection around vulnerable patients. the fact that influenza vaccine does not have the same efficacy as other pediatric vaccines should not disc ...19863797294
respiratory syncytial virus and acute lower respiratory infections in benin city, nigeria. 19863797309
radiological findings in children with respiratory syncytial virus infection: relationship to clinical and bacteriological findings.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a frequent cause of bronchiolitis leading to acute admission to hospital in the winter months. a wide range of findings accompanies this disease and the appearances are seldom completely diagnostic. associated bacterial co-infections are common and we have shown an association with atelectasis among patients with pathogenic bacteria in the nasopharynx.19863951895
vapors, viruses, and views. ribavirin and respiratory syncytial virus. 19863953524
seroepizootiologic study of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in a dairy herd.a 16-month seroepizootiologic study of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infection was conducted in a dairy herd. results indicated that antibodies to brsv present in serum from newborn calves were derived through the ingestion of colostrum. this passive immunity in calves became undetectable in an average of 99 days (sd = 36.5; range = 30 to 208 days). two epizootics of respiratory tract disease occurred during the study period, and an association with brsv was demonstrated in both epiz ...19863954198
seroepizootiologic study of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in a beef herd.a seroepizootiologic study of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in a beef herd was conducted from february 1983 through march 1984. during the study period, 3 separate respiratory tract disease epizootics were recognized in calves after they had been split into 3 groups. bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection was diagnosed in each epizootic on the basis of serologic evidence, postmortem findings, and immunofluorescent examination of lung tissue. additionally, there was serologic evidence ...19863954199
complement activation by respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a major respiratory pathogen of children, has been speculated to cause disease by immunologic mechanisms. although circulating levels of complement (c) are normal during rsv infections, the role of c in respiratory tract secretion is unclear. since epithelial cells of the respiratory tract of children infected with rsv express viral surface antigens, the ability of rsv infected human cells to activate c was studied. rsv infected human cells (hela) were found to ...19863954599
concurrent circulation of antigenically distinct strains of respiratory syncytial virus during community outbreaks.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is considered to be of a single serotype. antigenic variants are detectable both by neutralization and monoclonal antibodies and have been divided into two broad categories, groups 1 and 2. group 2 isolates have been considered to be uncommon. we used indirect immunofluorescence with strain-specific monoclonal antibodies to study rsv isolates from hospitalized infants in the greater boston area. of 223 rsv isolates recovered over a five-month period in 1983-1984 ...19862418126
analysis of the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.at least four distinct epitopes are described on the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein (vp70) using 13 monoclonal antibodies in solid-phase competitive binding studies. two, and possibly three, fusion-inhibiting epitopes, one non-fusion-inhibiting neutralizing epitope, and one non-neutralizing epitope are described. all but the latter site demonstrated partial overlap, suggesting possible topographical proximity of these epitopes. polyclonal rabbit sera to vp70, which neutralized virus ...19862419491
the detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirates: assessment, formulation, and evaluation of monoclonal antibodies as a diagnostic reagent.comparisons were made between standard methods of cell culture, indirect immunofluorescence (if) using hyperimmune respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antiserum, and indirect if using mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against various epitopes of rsv for the detection of rsv in nasopharyngeal aspirates. the monoclonal antibodies were used singly and in pools of different specificities which in turn were tested in both direct and indirect if. in a preliminary study, aspirates from 227 infants wer ...19862419492
enhancement of respiratory syncytial virus pulmonary pathology in cotton rats by prior intramuscular inoculation of formalin-inactiva ted virus.cotton rats previously inoculated with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were challenged intranasally with live rsv to induce an enhancement of rsv disease similar to that observed after the administration of formalin-inactivated rsv vaccine to human infants 20 years ago. within 24 h after infection with rsv, cotton rats developed pulmonary lesions that reached a maximum by day 4. histologically, the lesions resembled an experimental pulmonary arthus reaction. an action of f ...19862419587
identification of epitopes on respiratory syncytial virus proteins by competitive binding immunoassay.to characterize the interrelationship of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and their respective epitopes, we developed a competitive binding assay based on the biotin-avidin system and a tissue culture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the competitive binding assay clearly distinguished between competing and noncompeting mabs. eight mabs against the fusion protein (f protein) demonstrated two blocking patterns consistent with two antigenic sites. mabs reacti ...19862420819
murine cytotoxic t cells specific to respiratory syncytial virus recognize different antigenic subtypes of the virus.the aim of this study was to establish whether cytotoxic t cells (tc), raised against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in the mouse, are specific to the strain of immunizing virus, or cross-reactive between virus strains. several recent studies using monoclonal antibodies have begun to define the antigenic variation among strains of rsv. it is likely that a successful rsv vaccine will need to contain antigenic determinants from more than one subtype, but since only the highest levels of neutral ...19862420922
immunovirological studies on human respiratory syncytial virus structural proteins.immunovirological studies suggest that human respiratory syncytial virus may well be composed of five structural proteins as are other members of the paramyxoviridae family: the two external membrane glycoproteins h (90 000) and fo (f1, 49 000; f2, 20 000; disulfide linked), the internal membrane protein m (34 000), the nucleoprotein n (42 000), and a protein (78 000) designated p that could be the equivalent of the polymerase of the morbillivirus and paramyxovirus genus. neutralizing monoclonal ...19862421860
administration of ribavirin to neonatal and pediatric patients during mechanical ventilation.we have modified the circuits of pressure-preset and volume-preset ventilators to permit the administration of ribavirin to mechanically ventilated infants suffering from respiratory syncytial virus. the modifications isolate the ventilator itself and permit continuous aerosolization for as long as seven days without ventilator malfunction from the effects of crystallized medication. excessive spilling of ribavirin into the environment is also avoided. each institution must devise its own experi ...198610315718
[respiratory syncytial virus infection, with special reference to recent findings]. 19852422814
[natural killers and interferon in complicated influenza and other acute respiratory viral diseases in children].the results of the study on the functional activity of natural killers (nk) and serum interferon in 118 children ranging in age from 3 months to 5 years suffering from influenza and other acute respiratory viral diseases complicated with croup, pneumonia, and obstructive syndrome (66 children with influenza, 21 with parainfluenza, 16 with adenovirus infection, and 15 with respiratory syncytial virus diseases) are presented. the control group consisted of 22 normal children. decreased nk activity ...19852420069
cytotoxic t-cell response to respiratory syncytial virus in mice.the role of the humoral and cellular arms of the immune response in protection against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and in the pathogenesis of the severe forms of this disease is poorly understood. the recent demonstration that some inbred mouse strains can be infected with rsv has opened the way to a detailed investigation of rsv immunity. we report here the finding of major histocompatibility complex-restricted, rsv-specific memory cytotoxic t cells in the spleens of balb/c and ...19852411951
two distinct subtypes of human respiratory syncytial virus.antigenic variation of human respiratory syncytial (rs) virus strains was analysed using a collection of nine, six, six, nine and one monoclonal antibodies respectively directed against the large glycoprotein (g), fusion protein (f), matrix protein (m), nucleoprotein (np) and phosphoprotein (p) components of the long strain of rs virus. a comparison was made with seven other strains isolated during different years in radioimmune precipitation analyses and immune fluorescence tests. two different ...19852413163
serological and virological investigations of young children with acute respiratory syndrome associated with respiratory syncytial virus.from january 1979 to march 1979, 341 young children from the metropolitan area of naples, italy, were hospitalized with respiratory virus disease. diagnosis of patients made from virus isolation and seroconversion indicate that the respiratory syncytial virus was a primary cause of this acute respiratory syndrome.19853967475
antibody response to respiratory syncytial virus structural proteins in children with acute respiratory syncytial virus infection.the purified respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), randall strain contained 10 polypeptides (72,000 molecular weight [72k], 66k, 48k, 42k, 40k, 36k, 30k, 23k, 18k, and 15k), 8 of which proved to be virus specific, and polypeptides 48k and 23k were glycosylated. in addition, a high-molecular-weight (150k), virus-specific glycopolypeptide was immunoprecipitated from rsv-infected cell lysate. the antibody response in human sera serially collected from children with primary rsv infection was mainly dir ...19853973971
monoclonal capture antibody elisa for respiratory syncytial virus: detection of individual viral antigens and determination of monoclonal antibody specificities.an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) that employs solid-phase monoclonal antibodies was developed. rsv antigens bound by these monoclonal capture antibodies were detected by addition of a polyclonal bovine antiserum, followed anti-bovine enzyme conjugate and enzyme substrate. the sensitivity and specific of the assay were determined by titrations of the solid-phase antibodies and by antigen titrations with both unpurified rsv-infected cell culture ma ...19853981003
[clinical aspects of acute and chronic respiratory syncytial virus infection in adult polyclinic patients].a total of 224 workers and employees engaged at the smolensk flax spinning plant, suffering from acute respiratory diseases, were examined on an outpatient basis. virus etiology of the diseases was established in 84 patients (37.7%) with the aid of the serological tests (hi and cf) and immunofluorescent techniques. respiratory syncytial virus infection was diagnosed in 19 patients (8.5%). as regards the clinical picture the symptoms of intoxication were unmarked. half the patients demonstrated m ...19853983830
[experimental infection of lambs with strains of the bovine respiratory syncytial virus].lambs were successfully infected with bovine strains of a respiratory syncytial virus. when the nomi reference strain and the local antonovo strain of the rsv were used i/v and via the trachea the animals reacted on the 3rd to 5th day with dizziness, dyspnea, conjunctivitis, nasal discharges, etc., more strongly manifested with the use of the antonovo strain. the temperature reaction started on the 3rd day and receded on the 7th day, with a second peak on the 8h day. serologically, rsv-antibodie ...19853992914
characterization of the 10 proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus: identification of a fourth envelope-associated protein.a total of 13 respiratory syncytial (rs) virus specific polypeptides were identified by pulse-chase metabolic labeling of infected hep-2 cells. ten of the 13 proteins were shown to be unique. they were the l, g, f (f1, f2), n, p, m, 24k, 14k, 11k and 9.5k proteins. these conclusions were based on peptide mapping and on previous work showing that each of 10 polypeptides are coded for by a unique mrna. the seven largest proteins, l, g, f (f1, f2), n, p, m and 24k were identified clearly as virion ...19853993233
experimental bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in conventional calves: light microscopic lesions, microbiology, and studies on lavaged lung cells.conventionally raised male holstein calves, 1 month of age, were infected by intranasal and intratracheal inoculation with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. viral antigen was identified by fluorescence microscopy most commonly in the cytoplasm of tracheal and bronchial epithelial cells 3 to 5 days after inoculation. cytoplasmic viral antigen was identified also in nasal, nasopharyngeal, bronchiolar, and alveolar epithelial cells and in alveolar macrophages. bronchitis and tracheitis, character ...19853994121
experimental bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in conventional calves: ultrastructural respiratory lesions.the morphogenesis and repair of airway and alveolar injury induced by bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) was studied ultrastructurally in conventional calves to characterize pulmonary cell types susceptible to viral infection and cytopathologic changes associated with infection. viral nucleocapsids and budding virions were present in tracheal and bronchial ciliated and nonciliated epithelial cells and mucous cells 3, 5, and 7 days after inoculation and in bronchiolar ciliated and noncilia ...19853994122
lobar collapse with respiratory syncytial virus pneumonitis.in a study of 30 children with uncomplicated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pneumonias, a high incidence of lobar collapse (8/30-26%) was noted. this involved the right upper lobe in seven patients and the left upper lobe in one patient. it is probably attributable to anatomical predispositions, sloughing of necrotic epithelium, and stimulation of mucus production. lobar collapse should be considered part of the spectrum of rsv pneumonitis.19854000751
respiratory syncytial virus-specific ige responses following infection: evidence for a predominantly mucosal response.in order to determine whether ige production occurs predominantly at mucosal or systemic sites, we studied the production of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific antibody in serum and nasopharyngeal secretions (nps) from 41 patients with rsv infection using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. rsv-ige was found in higher titer in samples of nps than in simultaneously obtained serum specimens at all phases of illness. despite the excess dilution incurred in the collection process, rsv-ige ...19854000767
severe respiratory syncytial virus infection: clinical features, nosocomial acquisition and outcome.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) frequently causes bronchiolitis in young infants. rsv infection was established by culture, serologic response, immunofluorescence of secretions or lung tissue or typical histology on pathologic examination of the lungs in 10 patients who were hospitalized at children's medical center, dallas. eight were infants 4 days to 3 months old, one was 9 months and one was 16 months old. seven patients were afebrile but had rapidly progressive diffuse infiltrates on ches ...19854000987
respiratory syncytial virus polypeptides. v. the kinetics of glycoprotein synthesis.the cell-associated glycoproteins of respiratory syncytial virus included gp1 (90k), vp70 (70k), vgp48 (48k) and gp26 (26k). the time course of virus protein synthesis in hela cells revealed that the nucleocapsid protein (vpn41) was the first to appear at 11 h post-infection followed by the appearance of the other viral proteins at 16 h post-infection. pulse-chase experiments with [3h]leucine or [35s]methionine demonstrated that the precursor for vgp48 and gp26 was an uncleaved protein of 70k (v ...19854009147
mrna sequence of three respiratory syncytial virus genes encoding two nonstructural proteins and a 22k structural protein.an mrna sequence of two human respiratory syncytial viral nonstructural protein genes and of a gene for a 22,000-molecular-weight (22k) protein was obtained by cdna cloning and dna sequencing. sequences corresponding to the 5' ends of the respective transcripts were deduced directly by primer extension and dideoxy nucleotide sequencing of the mrnas. the availability of a bicistronic clone (prsc6) confirmed the gene order for this portion of the genome. contrary to other unsegmented negative-stra ...19854009789
comparison of a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with complement fixation and neutralisation tests for serology of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections.an indirect double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for the detection and titration of serum antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). the elisa was compared with a complement fixation (cf) test and a test for virus neutralising antibody in serum (virus neutralisation [vn] test). testing sera collected in dairy herds revealed the closest correlation between the results of the elisa and the cf test with respect to brsv antibody titres. the v ...19854012035
an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a continuing-care geriatric ward.a small outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a continuing-care geriatric ward during the period december 1982 to march 1983 is reported. it demonstrates that respiratory syncytial virus infection can cause serious lower respiratory tract infection even in patients without any previous history of chest disease.19854013906
respiratory tract infections. goals for 1995.goals to be identified for 1995, a decade hence, in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of respiratory tract infections may conveniently be divided into diagnostic goals and goals in therapy and prophylaxis. major diagnostic goals for bacterial, viral, and mycoplasmal infections of the respiratory tract focus on the development of systems to identify microbial components, such as specific antigens or segments of dna, using monoclonal antibody techniques or dna probes for hybridization. spu ...19854014289
serologic studies of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in minnesota cattle.serum antibody titers to bovine respiratory syncytial virus were determined for 559 cattle. serum samples were obtained through the minnesota state-federal brucellosis laboratory and were collected over a 1-year period. results of this study revealed an antibody prevalence of 65.5% to bovine respiratory syncytial virus. the distribution of antibody titers is presented, as well as analysis of titers based on breed, sex, and age of the cattle.19854014838
etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in patients requiring hospitalization.the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia was studied in 127 patients with roentgenologically verified pneumonia who needed hospitalization. etiology was determined on the basis of a positive blood culture and/or a significant antibody titer increase. streptococcus pneumoniae was the probable etiological agent in 69 patients, nontypeable haemophilus influenzae in five patients, streptococcus pyogenes in two patients, and legionella pneumophila and staphylococcus aureus in one patient each. ev ...19854018066
quantitative aspects of passive immunity to respiratory syncytial virus infection in infant cotton rats.the amount of passively acquired serum respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-neutralizing antibodies required to protect the respiratory tract of cotton rats against infection was studied. infant cotton rats were inoculated intraperitoneally with various dilutions of a single pool of sera derived from cotton rats convalescent from rsv infection. after 24 h, these animals were inoculated with rsv intranasally. virus replication in the respiratory tract was suppressed in cotton rats which had a serum ...19854020957
[incidence of respiratory syncytial virus infection in case records of a pediatric general medicine department]. 19854021934
kinetics of synthesis of respiratory syncytial virus glycoproteins.the synthesis of the two respiratory syncytial (rs) virus glycoproteins (vp66 and vp84) was examined under standard conditions and after treatment with tunicamycin and monensin. the protein backbone for vp66, the fusion protein (f1,2) is cotranslationally glycosylated to form f0, which is cleaved to form f1,2 by 20 min of chase. monensin treatment inhibited the cleavage of f0 over an 80 min chase period, indicating that this occurred late in the transit of f0 through the golgi apparatus or after ...19854031826
the childhood health effects of an improved water supply system on a remote panamanian island.the incidence of diarrhea, respiratory disease, and skin infections was prospectively determined after the introduction of a system which distributed unlimited quantities of high quality fresh water to each of the 150 housing units on tupile, an island devoid of fresh water located off panama's caribbean coast and inhabited by 1,500 cuna indians. tupile residents used 7.1 liters of water/person/day compared to the 2.3 usage rate of inhabitants on achutupo, the control island. despite ready avail ...19854037183
outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus in france.a report is given of an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a neonatal unit in france. twenty-three of 32 infants were infected (72%) despite infection control procedures. prophylactic administration of non-specific gamma globulins was associated with a significant decrease in infection rate (p less than 0.05). the administration of transfer factor to infected infants was also associated with a significantly lower rate of severe respiratory diseases (p less than 0.05).19854043060
studies of passive immunotherapy for infections of respiratory syncytial virus in the respiratory tract of a primate model. 19854045247
cellular reactivity to respiratory syncytial virus in human colostrum and breast milk.colostrum and breast-milk samples were taken from 23 mothers between 2 days and 7 weeks postpartum and were examined for the presence of cellular reactivity to respiratory syncytial (rs) virus using a lymphocyte transformation assay. positive responses were detected in nine of the 23 (39%) samples taken at 2-5 days postpartum, but this reactivity was undetectable at 3 weeks. positive responses developed in a further three mothers during the 3-7-week period of lactation, suggesting a response to ...19854045438
severe respiratory disease in dairy cattle in new york state associated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection.severe respiratory disease associated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infection has been identified in dairy cattle in new york state. the cases identified occurred in dairy calves and heifers. the disease was characterized in 4 animals by pathologic changes including interstitial pneumonia, necrotizing bronchiolitis with multinucleated syncytial epithelial cells and interstitial emphysema. brsv antigen was demonstrated in lung samples or was isolated in tissue culture in all 4 ca ...19854053607
an epizootic of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a dairy herd.respiratory syncytial virus was the cause of a severe epizootic of bovine respiratory tract disease. the virus, isolated from a sick cow during the epizootic, produced cytopathic effect in a bovine turbinate cell line 14 days after it was inoculated. additional support for the diagnosis came from the results of pathologic and serologic examinations. lesions consistently present were severe necrotizing bronchiolitis and epithelial syncytia projecting from bronchiolar and alveolar walls. also, in ...19854055489
severe rsv bronchiolitis in an immunocompromised child.a 9-year-old with immunodeficiency developed a severe, diffuse respiratory illness that necessitated mechanical ventilation. open lung biopsy revealed respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) as the sole pathogen. rsv detection should be included in the differential diagnosis of diffuse lung disease in an immunocompromised child.19854064461
microneutralization test for respiratory syncytial virus based on an enzyme immunoassay.virus infectivity and antibody neutralization titers for respiratory syncytial virus were determined in cell cultures in microtiter plates. after an appropriate incubation period, the cells were fixed, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed directly in the microtiter plates for detection of virus. results could be read and recorded automatically, which is especially helpful when running large numbers of tests.19854066916
comparison of ortho respiratory syncytial virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and hep-2 cell culture.two hundred seventy nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested in duplicate with the ortho diagnostics, inc. (raritan, n.j.), respiratory syncytial virus antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the test was sensitive (80 to 82%) and specific (96%) when compared with cell culture. the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detected seven antigen-positive specimens not among the 71 specimens that were positive for respiratory syncytial virus in cell culture. a blocking test confirmed those specimens as tr ...19854066920
bronchodilator response during acute viral bronchiolitis in infancy.bronchodilator responsiveness was assessed by measuring specific respiratory conductance before and after inhalation of aerosolized bronchodilator in 50 infants who had acute bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus infection. thirty per cent of the infants showed an improvement in specific conductance. responders could not be differentiated from nonresponders by family histories of atopy, eosinophil counts, or immunoglobulin levels in blood and nasal secretions. eighty-three per cent of ...19854069797
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