Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| estimation of temperature dependent growth rate and lag time of listeria monocytogenes by optical density measurements. | an automated turbidimetric system, bioscreen c, was used to monitor growth of ten strains of listeria monocytogenes at different temperatures. several methods for estimation of maximum specific growth rate (mu(max)) and lag time (lag) from turbidimetric data were compared to values estimated from viable count data. by using a calibration factor, reliable estimations of mu(max) could be obtained from turbidimetric measurements. on the other hand, accurate estimations of lag required some viable c ... | 1999 | 10520594 |
| purification and amino acid sequence of lactocin 705, a bacteriocin produced by lactobacillus casei crl 705. | lactobacillus casei crl 705, isolated from a dry fermented sausage, produces an antibacterial peptide which is active against listeria monocytogenes. previous studies have shown that this compound is potentially useful to control food-borne pathogens in ground meat. in view of the potential application of this antimicrobial substance in food fermentation, a detailed biochemical analysis of this peptide is required. in this work, the purification and amino acid sequence of this bacteriocin is pre ... | 1999 | 10522386 |
| cell motility. bare bones of the cytoskeleton. | 1999 | 10524617 | |
| reconstitution of actin-based motility of listeria and shigella using pure proteins. | actin polymerization is essential for cell locomotion and is thought to generate the force responsible for cellular protrusions. the arp2/3 complex is required to stimulate actin assembly at the leading edge in response to signalling. the bacteria listeria and shigella bypass the signalling pathway and harness the arp2/3 complex to induce actin assembly and to propel themselves in living cells. however, the arp2/3 complex alone is insufficient to promote movement. here we have used pure componen ... | 1999 | 10524632 |
| insertional inactivation of the listeria monocytogenes cheya operon abolishes response to oxygen gradients and reduces the number of flagella. | the nucleotide sequence of a region downstream of the listeria monocytogenes flagellin gene, flaa, revealed two putative chemotaxis genes, chey and chea. these genes have been shown to be transcribed as a bicistronic unit. in this study tn916 delta e mutagenesis was used to generate two mutants, pf10 and pf16, which contain transposon inserts in the promoter region of this operon. these mutants were motile in liquid, but had reduced flagellin expression and were unable to burrow or swarm on soft ... | 1999 | 10528396 |
| reduction of listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli o157:h7 numbers on vacuum-packaged fresh beef treated with nisin or nisin combined with edta. | nisin or nisin combined with edta was used to treat fresh beef. beef cubes (2.5 by 2.5 by 2.5 cm) that were inoculated with approximately 7 log cfu/ml of listeria monocytogenes scott a or escherichia coli o157:h7 505 b were dipped in the following solutions: (i) h2o, (ii) hcl, (iii) nisin, (iv) edta, or (v) nisin combined with edta, respectively, for 10 min each, with an exception of one set of control beef samples without treatment. beef samples were then drip-dried for 15 min, vacuum packaged, ... | 1999 | 10528714 |
| behavior of listeria monocytogenes and aeromonas spp. on fresh-cut produce packaged under equilibrium-modified atmosphere. | storage experiments were conducted to follow the behavior of pathogens on fresh-cut vegetables (trimmed brussels sprouts, grated carrots, shredded iceberg lettuce, and shredded chicory endives) packaged under an equilibrium-modified atmosphere (ema) (2 to 3% o2, 2 to 3% co2, and 94 to 96% n2) and stored at 7 degrees c. as a comparison, fresh-cut vegetables were also packaged in a perforated high-barrier film (air conditions) and stored at 7 degrees c. in a first step, the shelf life of the veget ... | 1999 | 10528715 |
| irradiation and modified atmosphere packaging for the control of listeria monocytogenes on turkey meat. | when radiation-sterilized ground turkey meat was inoculated with listeria monocytogenes, packaged under mixtures of nitrogen and carbon dioxide, and irradiated with gamma-radiation doses of 0 to 3.0 kgy, there was a statistically significant (p < 0.05), but probably not a biologically significant, lower (0.39 log) predicted bacterial survival in the presence of 100% carbon dioxide than in the presence of 100% nitrogen. possibly because all atmospheres contained oxygen and because a response surf ... | 1999 | 10528716 |
| a predictive model to determine the effects of ph, milkfat, and temperature on thermal inactivation of listeria monocytogenes. | listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen of significance because of its comparatively high heat resistance, zero tolerance in ready-to-eat foods, and growth at refrigeration temperatures. a 3 x 3 x 3 factorial study was done to determine the effects of milkfat (0%, 2.5%, 5.0%), ph (5.0, 6.0, 7.0), and processing temperature (55 degrees c, 60 degrees c, 65 degrees c) on the thermal resistance of l. monocytogenes in a formulated and homogenized milk system. data were fit to a modified gomper ... | 1999 | 10528717 |
| effects of iron and selenium on the production of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and listeriolysin o in listeria monocytogenes. | listeria monocytogenes 19112, scott a, and 10403s were grown in tryptic soy broth (tsb) and tsb supplemented with 25 to 100 microg/ml of iron (fe) and 0.5 to 2.5 microg/ml selenium (se) to examine the effects on catalase (ca), superoxide dismutase (sod), and listeriolysin o (llo) activities. growth in tsb supplemented with fe resulted in significant increases in ca, sod, and llo activities in all three strains when compared to growth in tsb. the addition of 0.5 microg/ml se to tsb resulted in si ... | 1999 | 10528728 |
| combined action of nisin and carvacrol on bacillus cereus and listeria monocytogenes. | nisin, a small antimicrobial protein, was tested for its bactericidal action against listeria monocytogenes and bacillus cereus and a typical biphasic reduction of the viable count was observed. the reduction was most fast during the first 10 min of exposure, while the viable count remained stable in the last part of the exposure period. bacillus cereus was more sensitive towards nisin than l. monocytogenes and the inhibitory effect of nisin was stronger towards cells cultivated and exposed at 8 ... | 1999 | 10530038 |
| role of actin-filament disassembly in lamellipodium protrusion in motile cells revealed using the drug jasplakinolide. | in motile cells, protrusion of the lamellipodium (a type of cell margin) requires assembly of actin monomers into actin filaments at the tip of the lamellipodium. the importance of actin-filament disassembly in this process is less well understood, and is assessed here using the actin drug jasplakinolide, which has two known activities - inhibition of filament disassembly and induction of an increase in actin polymer. | 1999 | 10531004 |
| repeated administration of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides expressing cpg motifs provides long-term protection against bacterial infection. | synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) expressing unmethylated cpg motifs stimulate an innate immune response characterized by the production of polyreactive immunoglobulin m antibodies and immunomodulatory cytokines. this immune response has been shown to protect mice from challenge by listeria monocytogenes and francisella tularensis for up to 2 weeks. by repeatedly administering cpg odn two to four times/month, we found that this protection could be maintained indefinitely. protection was asso ... | 1999 | 10531213 |
| isolation, characterization, cdna cloning, and antimicrobial properties of two distinct subfamilies of alpha-defensins from rhesus macaque leukocytes. | experiments to isolate and characterize rhesus macaque myeloid alpha-defensins (rmads) were conducted. seven rmad peptides were isolated and sequenced, and the cdnas encoding six of these peptides and one other alpha-defensin from bone marrow were also characterized. four of the rmads were found to be highly similar to human neutrophil alpha-defensins hnp-1 to hnp-3, while the remaining four peptides were much more similar to human enteric alpha-defensin hd-5. two alpha-defensin pairs differed o ... | 1999 | 10531277 |
| acquired antibiotic resistance in lactic acid bacteria from food. | acquired antibiotic resistance, i.e. resistance genes located on conjugative or mobilizable plasmids and transposons can be found in species living in habitats (e.g. human and animal intestines) which are regularly challenged with antibiotics. most data are available for enterococci and enteric lactobacilli. raw material from animals (milk and meat) which are inadvertantly contaminated with fecal matters during production will carry antibiotic resistant lactic acid bacteria into the final fermen ... | 1999 | 10532375 |
| listeria endocarditis causing aortic root abscess and a fistula to the left atrium. | we report the case of a 74-year-old man who presented with endocarditis on a porcine aortic valve replacement. five of six blood cultures grew listeria monocytogenes. transoesophageal echocardiography demonstrated the presence of a cavity posterior to the aortic annulus, apparently communicating with the left atrium. the patient underwent successful aortic valve re-replacement. listeria endocarditis is rare with only 58 reported cases in the literature and is associated with high mortality. | 1999 | 10533212 |
| regression of established b16f10 melanoma with a recombinant listeria monocytogenes vaccine. | we have previously shown that listeria monocytogenes, a gram-positive, facultative intracellular bacterium, is a potent vector for targeting tumor-specific antigens to the immune system. in the present study, we extend these studies to the highly tumorigenic mouse melanoma b16f10, transduced with a model tumor antigen. we are able to induce the regression of primary tumors and established lung metastases by parenteral immunization with a l. monocytogenes recombinant that expresses the same antig ... | 1999 | 10537307 |
| the 213-amino-acid leucine-rich repeat region of the listeria monocytogenes inlb protein is sufficient for entry into mammalian cells, stimulation of pi 3-kinase and membrane ruffling. | the listeria monocytogenes inlb protein is a 630-amino-acid surface protein that mediates entry of the bacterium into a wide variety of cell types, including hepatocytes, fibroblasts and epithelial cells such as vero, hep-2 and hela cells. invasion stimulates host proteins tyrosine phosphorylation, pi 3-kinase activity and rearrangements in the actin cytoskeleton. we previously showed that inlb is sufficient for entry of inlb-coated latex beads into cells and recent results indicate that purifie ... | 1999 | 10540282 |
| reduced antilisterial activity of tnf-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages is due to impaired superoxide production. | mice deficient for tnf ligand and receptor type 1 have demonstrated the importance of tnf in the host defense against listeria monocytogenes. to investigate the particular deficiency of macrophages derived from tnf/lymphotoxin (lt)-alpha(-/-) mice in antilisterial growth control, bone marrow-derived macrophages (bmdm) were used for in vitro infection experiments. after the combined treatment with ifn-gamma and lipopolysaccharide (lps), production of no by wild-type (wt) and tnf/lt-alpha(-/-) bmd ... | 1999 | 10540319 |
| identification and disruption of lisrk, a genetic locus encoding a two-component signal transduction system involved in stress tolerance and virulence in listeria monocytogenes. | lisrk encodes a two-component regulatory system in the food pathogen listeria monocytogenes lo28. following identification of the operon in an acid-tolerant tn917 mutant, a deletion in the histidine kinase component was shown to result in a growth phase variation in acid tolerance, an ability to grow in high ethanol concentrations, and a significant reduction in virulence. | 1999 | 10542190 |
| infectious complications in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. | infections are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll). predisposition to infection in cll is mediated through various abnormalities including both the immune defects inherent in the primary disease (impairment in humoral and cellular immunity) and in the further immunosuppression related to the management of cll. hypogammaglobulinemia is probably the most important immune defect in terms of risk of severe bacterial infections, its frequency ... | 1999 | 10543369 |
| transposon-induced mutations in two loci of listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2a result in phage resistance and lack of n-acetylglucosamine in the teichoic acid of the cell wall. | teichoic acid-associated n-acetylglucosamine and rhamnose have been shown to serve as phage receptors in listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2a. we generated and characterized two single-copy tn916deltae mutants which were resistant to phage a118 and several other serotype 1/2a-specific phages. in one mutant the insertion was immediately upstream of the recently identified ptshi locus, which encodes two proteins of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent carbohydrate uptake system, whereas in the other ... | 1999 | 10543788 |
| bacterial adhesion at synthetic surfaces. | a systematic investigation into the effect of surface chemistry on bacterial adhesion was carried out. in particular, a number of physicochemical factors important in defining the surface at the molecular level were assessed for their effect on the adhesion of listeria monocytogenes, salmonella typhimurium, staphylococcus aureus, and escherichia coli. the primary experiments involved the grafting of groups varying in hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, chain length, and chemical functionality onto g ... | 1999 | 10543814 |
| recovery in embryonated eggs of viable but nonculturable campylobacter jejuni cells and maintenance of ability to adhere to hela cells after resuscitation. | the existence of a viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state has been described for campylobacter jejuni as it had been for a number pathogenic bacteria. three c. jejuni human isolates were suspended in surface water and subsequently entered the vbnc state. after starvation for 30 days, vbnc cells were inoculated in the yolk sacs of embryonated eggs. culturable cells were detected in a large proportion of the embryonated eggs inoculated with vbnc c. jejuni cells. recovered cells kept their adhesion ... | 1999 | 10543837 |
| in vitro survival of listeria monocytogenes in human amniotic fluid. | a listeria monocytogenes strain (ca01/93), haemolytic and virulent in mice, was inoculated in 16 samples of sterile human amniotic fluid to study the growth curves and to provide more information about the pathophysiology of the microorganism in pregnancy. a control test for every analysis was performed with an escherichia coli strain (cn 02/95). regardless of the amniotic fluid samples were taken at 34th-39th week of gestation, when it expresses maximum ability to inhibit growth of e. coli, the ... | 1999 | 10546327 |
| the listeria monocytogenes dnak chaperone is required for stress tolerance and efficient phagocytosis with macrophages. | listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen which can escape bactericidal mechanisms and grow within macrophages. the intracellular environment of macrophages is one of the most stressful environments encountered by an invading bacterium during the course of infection. to study the role of the major stress protein, dnak, of l. monocytogenes in survival under intracellular stress induced by macrophage-phagocytosis as well as under extracellular environmental stresses, we cloned ... | 1999 | 10547061 |
| antimicrobial activities of several parts of pinus brutia, juniperus oxycedrus, abies cilicia, cedrus libani and pinus nigra. | in this study, the antimicrobial activities of several parts of various trees grown in the kahramanmaraş region of turkey were investigated by the disc diffusion method. chloroform, acetone and methanol extracts of leaves, resins, barks, cones and fruits of pinus brutia ten., juniperus oxycedrus l., abies cilicia ant. & kotschy carr., cedrus libani a. rich. and pinus nigra arn. were prepared and tested against bacillus megaterium dsm 32, bacillus subtilis img 22, bacillus cereus fmc 19, escheric ... | 1999 | 10548751 |
| unusual food-borne pathogens. listeria monocytogenes, aeromonas, plesiomonas, and edwardsiella species. | although these four groups of organisms are perceived as infrequent food-borne pathogens or of dubious significance, increasing epidemiologic data indicate that l. monocytogenes is an emerging cause of infections, particularly gastroenteritis. furthermore, if data are ever generated that prove that most fecal isolates of aeromonas are involved in bacterial diarrhea, then aeromonads will become recognized as important food-borne pathogens. for plesiomonas and edwardsiella, recognition of possible ... | 1999 | 10549426 |
| increased expression of a plant actin gene during a biotrophic interaction between round-leaved mallow, malva pusilla, and colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. malvae. | two actin genes, acta from the hemibiotrophic anthracnose fungus, colletotrichum gloeosporioides (penz.) penz. & sacc. f. sp. malvae, and act1 from its host, malva pusilla (sm.) were cloned from a cdna library developed from infected host tissue. the actin gene, acta, of c. gloeosporioides f. sp. malvae, which is similar to that of other euascomycetes, appears to be expressed constitutively. the actin gene of m. pusilla is most similar to one of the actin genes of arabidopsis thaliana that is un ... | 1999 | 10550630 |
| regulation of actin polymerization by arp2/3 complex and wasp/scar proteins. | 1999 | 10551802 | |
| affinity mass spectrometry-based approaches for the analysis of protein-protein interaction and complex mixtures of peptide-ligands. | combined applications of affinity purification procedures and mass-spectrometric analyses (affinity mass spectrometry or affinity-directed mass spectrometry) have gained broad interest in various fields of biological sciences. we have extended these techniques to the purification and analysis of closely related peptides from complex mixtures and to the characterization of binding motifs and relative affinities in protein-protein interactions. the posttranslational modifications in the carboxy-te ... | 1999 | 10552900 |
| activation of t cells recognizing an epitope of heat-shock protein 70 can protect against rat adjuvant arthritis. | we have previously reported that cd4+ t cells recognizing a peptide comprising residues 234-252 of the heat shock protein (hsp)70 of mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb) in the context of rt1.b mhc class ii molecule emerged in the peritoneal cavity during the course of listeria monocytogenes infection in rats and suppressed the inflammatory responses against listerial infection via il-10 production. we report in this work that pretreatment with peptide 234-252 of hsp70 derived from m.tb suppressed ... | 1999 | 10553084 |
| actin-based motility of vaccinia virus mimics receptor tyrosine kinase signalling. | studies of the actin-based motility of the intracellular pathogens listeria monocytogenes and shigella flexneri have provided important insight into the events occurring at the leading edges of motile cells. like the bacteria listeria and shigella, vaccinia virus, a relative of the causative agent of smallpox, uses actin-based motility to spread between cells. in contrast to listeria or shigella, the actin-based motility of vaccinia is dependent on an unknown phosphotyrosine protein, but the und ... | 1999 | 10553910 |
| intraperitoneal immunity and pneumoperitoneum. | carbon dioxide (co(2)) pneumoperitoneum has been implicated as a possible factor in depressed intraperitoneal immunity. using in vitro functional assays, co(2) has been shown to decrease the function of peritoneal macrophages harvested from insufflated mice. however, an effective in vivo assessment is lacking. listeria monocytogenes (lm), an intracellular pathogen, has served as a well-established in vivo model to study cell-mediated immune responses in mice. this study examines the immune compe ... | 1999 | 10556454 |
| emerging technologies and their implications: where policy, science, and law intersect. | 1998 | 10557577 | |
| listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli septicemia and meningoencephalitis in a 7-day-old llama. | listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli were isolated from blood collected on presentation and tissues samples taken postmortem. listeria monocytogenes was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid collected antemortem. the importance of passive transfer of immunity, the subtlety of neurologic signs in early meningitis, and considering blood-csf penetration in antimicrobial selection are discussed. | 1998 | 10051957 |
| [ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study of listeria monocytogenes with varying levels of pathogenicity factor production]. | wild and mutant strains of listeria monocytogenes are examined by electron and immunoelectron microscopy. the mutant strain was characterized as a strain with a high level of production of pathogenic factors. no essential morphological criteria permitting the differentiation between wild and mutant listeria strains were detected. addition of activated charcoal to nutrient medium resulted in similar morphological changes in both strains. enlargement of cells, a thicker cell wall, and changes in t ... | 1998 | 9987748 |
| [spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by listeria monocytogenes]. | we present a 68 year old male with alcoholic cirrhosis that was admitted with abdominal pain and fever. hepatocarcinoma and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis by listeria monocytogenes was diagnosed. the patient was treated with ampicillin and tobramycin during 25 days following a favorable course although ascitic fluid remained abnormal during 21 days. it is noted the rarity of listeria as a cause of bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients although they are immunodeficient. it is also import ... | 1998 | 9927795 |
| restraint stress-induced immunosuppression by inhibiting leukocyte migration and th1 cytokine expression during the intraperitoneal infection of listeria monocytogenes. | in this study, a murine model of listeria monocytogenes infection was used to investigate effects of restraint stress (rst) on host defense. we observed that the l. monocytogenes infection as well as rst induced an elevation of endogenous corticosterone (cort) levels and rst synergistically enhanced endogenous cort levels during the listerial infection. rst suppressed the migration of leukocytes including macrophages, neutrophils, nk cells and lymphocytes into the peritoneal cavities after the i ... | 1998 | 9916889 |
| microbiological quality of icelandic cooked-peeled shrimp (pandalus borealis). | iceland is a major producer of cold water shrimp, pandalus borealis. in recent years considerable attention has been given to improve hygiene in the factories producing cooked, peeled and frozen shrimp. to keep track of the bacteriological status of the end product, shrimp from most of the factories is routinely analysed bacteriologically by the request of shrimp exporters. this paper reports on the results of a bacteriological analysis of 7913 samples of shrimp from 26 icelandic factories over ... | 1998 | 9924947 |
| experimental mixed infection with yersinia enterocolitica and listeria monocytogenes in guinea pigs. | the pathogenesis and the cell immune response (cir) of guinea pigs after mixed infection with y. enterocolitica and l. monocytogenes was investigated. the guinea pigs were infected per os with 1.1 x 10(9) cfu y. enterocolitica 0:3, (pyv+) and four days later with 1.1 x 10(9) cfu l. monocytogenes 4b. clinical, paraclinical and morphological findings attending the infectious process were followed in dynamics up to the 28th day post infection (p.i.) with l. monocytogenes. the phagocyting activity o ... | 1998 | 9916552 |
| perforin-deficient cd8+ t cells provide immunity to listeria monocytogenes by a mechanism that is independent of cd95 and ifn-gamma but requires tnf-alpha. | cd8+ t cells are effective mediators of immunity against listeria monocytogenes, but the mechanisms by which they provide antilisterial immunity are poorly understood. cd8+ t cells efficiently lyse target cells in vitro by at least two independent pathways. to test the hypothesis that cd8+ t cell-mediated immunity to l. monocytogenes is dependent on perforin or cd95 (fas, apo-1), we used c57bi/6 (b6) and perforin-deficient (po) mice to generate cd8+ t cell lines specific for the l. mono cytogene ... | 1998 | 9551927 |
| chronic listeria infection in scid mice: requirements for the carrier state and the dual role of t cells in transferring protection or suppression. | listeriosis in mice with the scid mutation results in a chronic infection. the chronic infection is characterized by abundant granulomas and neutrophil infiltrates. both lesions were particularly noticeable in the liver. in the liver, about 95% are granulomas with 5% microabscesses involving intrahepatic infection. the majority of listeria resided in membrane-bound vacuolar structures of the macrophages and not in the cytosol. three manipulations resulted in alterations in the equilibrium betwee ... | 1998 | 9551994 |
| multistate outbreak of listeriosis--united states, 1998. | since early august 1998, 40 illnesses caused by a single strain of listeria monocytogenes (lm) have been identified in 10 states: ohio (13 cases); new york; tennessee, massachusetts, and west virginia (three each); michigan (two); and connecticut, oregon, vermont, and georgia (one each). dates of illness onset or lm isolation ranged from august 2 through december 2. all lm isolates from these cases are serotype 4b and share an unusual pattern when subtyped either by pulsed-field gel electrophore ... | 1998 | 9883769 |
| the transcriptional regulator gene phrr in sinorhizobium meliloti wsm419 is regulated by low ph and other stresses. | the phrr gene in sinorhizobium meliloti (previously known as rhizobium meliloti) wsm419, directly downstream from acta, is induced by low ph or certain stresses (e.g. high concentrations of zn2+, cu2+, h2o2 or ethanol), but not in stationary phase or by other stresses (e.g. phosphate limitation, elevated temperature, high concentrations of sucrose or iron). a dna fragment containing the wild-type phrr gene could not be cloned and inverse pcr was therefore used to amplify a 3.5 kb bamhi fragment ... | 1998 | 9884225 |
| [study on bacteremia due to community-acquired infection in infants and children without underlying diseases]. | between july 1988 and june 1998, 22 pediatric patients without underlying diseases were diagnosed as bacteremia caused by community-acquired infection in asahikawa kosei hospital. the age range of the patients was from 7 days to 4 years. their diseases were meningitis in 6, urinary tract infection in 6, respiratory tract infection in 4, skin infection in 2, and unknown origin in 4. the causative organisms were escherichia coli in 7, haemophilus influenzae in 4, streptococcus pneumoniae in 4, sta ... | 1998 | 9884506 |
| [the microbiological quality of purified sludge intended for agriculture: its conformity to clause iib of d.l. 99/92]. | 1998 | 9887542 | |
| cytotoxic t lymphocytes in resistance to tuberculosis. | recent experimental evidence has suggested t cells recognizing antigens in the context of both classical mhc class i and nonclassical class i-like molecules contribute to protective responses against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infection. our aims were to characterize both types of t cells, and to explore the basis of communication between the tubercle bacilli and the mhc class i pathway of the host macrophage. a model system was developed using exogenously added ovalbumin as a surrogate an ... | 1998 | 9889963 |
| inhibition of bacterial pathogens by lactobacilli. | lactobacilli produce many antimicrobial substances including organic acids, hydrogen peroxide and bacteriocins. antagonistic activity of lactobacilli is an important factor in the protection of the vagina of fertile women against infection by certain pathogens. in the present study, we investigated 17 strains of lactobacilli, including 11 strains of vaginal origin. the aim was to investigate in more detail the antibacterial activity of lactobacilli and to attempt to assess substances responsible ... | 1998 | 9861683 |
| the gene cluster inlc2de of listeria monocytogenes contains additional new internalin genes and is important for virulence in mice. | in this work we identified and characterized a gene cluster containing three internalin genes of listeria monocytogenes egd. these genes, termed inlg, inlh and inle, encode proteins of 490, 548 and 499 amino acids, respectively, which belong to the family of large, cell wall-bound internalins. the inlghe gene cluster is flanked by two listerial house-keeping genes encoding proteins homologous to the 6-phospho-beta-glucosidase and the succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase of e. coli. a similar i ... | 1998 | 9862466 |
| two families of gtpases dominate the complex cellular response to ifn-gamma. | ifn-gamma induces a number of cellular programs functional in innate and adaptive resistance to infectious pathogens. it has recently become clear that the complete cellular response to ifn-gamma is extraordinarily complex, with >500 genes (i.e., approximately 0.5% of the genome) activated. we made suppression-subtractive hybridization differential libraries from ifn-gamma-stimulated primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts and from a mouse macrophage cell line, ana-1, in each case with reference to ... | 1998 | 9862701 |
| shelf life extension, safety, and quality of fresh pork loin treated with high hydrostatic pressure. | the optimal conditions of pressure, time, and processing temperature required to eliminate listeria monocytogenes scott a and salmonella typhimurium atcc 13311 in fresh pork loin and the effect of these optimal conditions on quality and shelf life were determined. twenty-five grams of fresh pork loin were inoculated with either of the two organisms and were subjected to pressures between 414 and 827 mpa at either 2 or 25 degrees c for 30 min. the d414mpa(25 degrees c) was determined to be 2.17 m ... | 1998 | 9874343 |
| 2-deoxy-d-glucose-induced metabolic stress enhances resistance to listeria monocytogenes infection in mice. | exposure to different forms of psychological and physiological stress can elicit a host stress response, which alters normal parameters of neuroendocrine homeostasis. the present study evaluated the influence of the metabolic stressor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-dg; a glucose analog, which when administered to rodents, induces acute periods of metabolic stress) on the capacity of mice to resist infection with the facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes. female bdf1 mice were ... | 1998 | 9877421 |
| nitric oxide mediates immunosuppression induced by listeria monocytogenes infection: quantitative studies. | our laboratory has shown that immunization of mice with an attenuated strain of salmonella typhimuriuminduces profound suppression in the capacity of splenocytes to mount an in vitro antibody plaque-forming cell (pfc) response to sheep red blood cells (srbc) and to proliferate in response to mitogens. in vitro addition of ng-monomethyl-l-arginine (nmma), an inhibitor of nitric oxide (no) synthase, to cell cultures from salmonella-immunized mice completely blocked suppression of the pfc responses ... | 1998 | 9878455 |
| detection of listeria monocytogenes in humans, animals and foods. | the listeria monocytogenes-carrying rates were 100% for listeriosis patients and 1.3% for healthy humans. the l. monocytogenes contamination rates for retail sliced beef (34.2%) and pork (36.4%) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those for cattle (2.0%) and pigs (0.8%) and for cattle (4.9%) and swine (7.4%) carcasses. the percentages of serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b and 4b which are most dominant in human patients were high in isolates from fresh (90.0%) and processed (100%) fish and shellfish and ... | 1998 | 9879536 |
| quantitative risk assessment of human listeriosis from consumption of soft cheese made from raw milk. | microbial hazards have been identified in soft cheese made from raw milk. quantification of the resulting risk for public health was attempted within the frame of the codex alimentarius commission, 1995 approach to quantitative risk assessment, using monte carlo simulation software. quantitative data could only be found for listeria monocytogenes. the complete process of cheese making was modeled, from milking to consumption. using data published on the different sources of milk contamination (e ... | 1998 | 9879587 |
| intramedullary brain stem cyst and trapped iv ventricle after infection with listeria monocytogenes. | we present the rare case of a girl surviving intrauterine listeria brain stem meningoencephalitis, who subsequently developed hydrocephalus, a trapped iv ventricle and an intramedullary cyst. such cases have been reported only infrequently, and in earlier cases modern imaging studies were not available. magnetic resonance imaging has been helpful in our patient to delineate the lesions and plan further treatment. | 1998 | 9881629 |
| heme oxygenase inhibits nitric oxide synthase by degrading heme: a negative feedback regulation mechanism for nitric oxide production. | 1998 | 9865340 | |
| spatial control of actin filament assembly: lessons from listeria. | 1998 | 9865692 | |
| [a case of maternal and neonatal infection due to listeria monocytogenes]. | a listeria monocytogenes infection may develop during pregnancy by eating sausages, fresh meats and milk products derived from infected animals. according to the period in which the infection starts, the pregnancy outcome can be abortion or pre-term or at term delivery. the infection can pass from mother to fetus and can cause a serious neonatal sepsis. listeriosis in pregnant women can be asymptomatic or may present as an influenza-like syndrome. this case report, along with other published cas ... | 1998 | 9866893 |
| [mechanisms of induction and expression of anti-tuberculous immunity]. | the induction of anti-tuberculous immunity highly depends on the cytokines produced endogenously at the initial stage of immunization. among several cytokines, ifn-gamma appears to be the most important to generate antigen-specific th1 type of protective t cells in mice. il-12 and il-18, which are produced by macrophages in response to virulent mycobacteria, are responsible for stimulating nk cells to produce ifn-gamma. once antigen-specific th1 cells are generated, th1-dependent macrophage acti ... | 1998 | 9866925 |
| characterization of a large motility gene cluster containing the cher, motab genes of listeria monocytogenes and evidence that prfa downregulates motility genes. | through the analysis of a non-motile mutant of listeria monocytogenes, we identified and characterized a locus containing the cher, mota and motb genes. these three genes are homologous to the cher, and mota/b genes of bacillus subtilis which in this organism are 954 kb apart. the gene organization in listeria is also not similar either to that of escherichia coli in which cher and motab are 5.9 kb apart. cher and mota/b, as previously reported for flaa, the flagellin gene, are thermoregulated w ... | 1998 | 9868779 |
| genetic analysis of the bacteriocin-encoding plasmids prj6 and prj9 of staphylococcus aureus by transposon mutagenesis and cloning of genes involved in bacteriocin production. | prj6 and prj9, small staphylococcus aureus plasmids which code for bacteriocins, exhibited a bactericidal activity against several lactic acid bacteria and strains of listeria monocytogenes, an important food-borne pathogen. filter-mating experiments using plasmid derivatives tagged with either tn551 or tn917-lac showed that prj6, but not prj9, could be mobilized by staphylococcal conjugative plasmids. transposon mutagenesis of both plasmids was also performed. the bacteriocin and immunity struc ... | 1998 | 9871317 |
| synergist effect of sucrose fatty acid esters on nisin inhibition of gram-positive bacteria. | nisin in combination with the sucrose fatty acid esters, sucrose palmitate (p-1570 and p-1670) or sucrose stearate (s-1570 and s-1670) was tested against a range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. initial liquid culture investigation showed that the sugar ester p-1670 resulted in a synergist enhancement of the bacteriostatic activity of nisin against gram-positive bacteria and not gram-negative bacteria. some enhancement of the bactericidal activity of nisin against listeria monocytoge ... | 1998 | 9871322 |
| natural milk fatty acids affect survival and invasiveness of listeria monocytogenes. | the effects of 12 fatty acids, naturally occurring in milk from several mammalian species, on the survival and invasion ability of listeria monocytogenes, a food-borne pathogen, were determined. the survival was tested in the presence of 200 micrograms ml-1 fatty acids suspended in brain hearth infusion broth or in storage conditioning solution (nacl 1%) of mozzarella cheese, an italian soft unripened cheese, at ph 7.0 or 5.0. lauric (c12:0), linoleic (c18:2) and linolenic (c18:3) acids exerted ... | 1998 | 9871355 |
| reduction of caecal listeria monocytogenes in leghorn chicks following treatment with a competitive exclusion culture (preempt) | 1998 | 9871361 | |
| listeria monocytogenes-based assays for actin assembly factors. | 1998 | 9751876 | |
| efficient induction of cytotoxic cd8+ t cells against exogenous proteins: establishment and characterization of a t cell line specific for the membrane protein acta of listeria monocytogenes. | the property of listeriolysin (llo) to introduce soluble passenger proteins into the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells allows the induction of cd8+ cytotoxic t cells against such antigens. to overcome the potential problem of presentation of the immunodominant epitope ll091-99 by h-2kd, a variant llo92a was established in which tyr 92 was replaced by ala. immunization of balb/c mice with purified llo92a failed to stimulate cytotoxic t cells specific for either the epitope llo91-99 or for any o ... | 1998 | 9754551 |
| innate resistance to infection by intracellular bacterial pathogens differs in mice selected for maximal or minimal acute inflammatory response. | the intensity of nonspecific immune reaction and the host resistance to facultative intracellular pathogens are found to be associated in lines of mice selected for maximal (airmax) or minimal (airmin) acute inflammatory reactivity. airmax are more resistant than airmin mice to salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes infection, the differences between lines in ld50 being > 1000 and 100 times, respectively. this difference was shown to be related to the initial bacterial containment at ... | 1998 | 9754578 |
| effect of a traditional chinese medicine, bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang on the protection against an oral infection with listeria monocytogenes. | the protective effect against an oral infection with listeria monocytogenes was observed in balb/c mice who were orally administered a traditional chinese medicine, bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang (japanese name: hochu-ekki-to, hot) daily for 7 days. bacterial numbers in the peyer's patch (pp) at 18 h, in the mesenteric lymph nodes (mln) at 18 h, 1 day and 3 days and in the liver at 3 days after infection were significantly suppressed in hot-treated mice, although there was no difference in the bacterial nu ... | 1998 | 9754907 |
| intracellular delivery and antibacterial activity of gentamicin encapsulated in ph-sensitive liposomes. | cell membranes are relatively impermeable to the antibiotic gentamicin, a factor that, along with the toxicity of gentamicin, precludes its use against many important intracellular bacterial infections. liposomal encapsulation of this drug was used in order to achieve intracellular antibiotic delivery and therefore increase the drug's therapeutic activity against intracellular pathogens. gentamicin encapsulation in several dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (dppc) and ph-sensitive dioleoylphosphatid ... | 1998 | 9756749 |
| capacity of nine thermostable dna polymerases to mediate dna amplification in the presence of pcr-inhibiting samples. | the pcr is an extremely powerful method for detecting microorganisms. however, its full potential as a rapid detection method is limited by the inhibition of the thermostable dna polymerase from thermus aquaticus by many components found in complex biological samples. in this study, we have compared the effects of known pcr-inhibiting samples on nine thermostable dna polymerases. samples of blood, cheese, feces, and meat, as well as various ions, were added to pcr mixtures containing various the ... | 1998 | 9758794 |
| the combined affects of modified atmosphere, temperature, nisin and alta 2341 on the growth of listeria monocytogenes. | a cocktail of seven listeria monocytogenes isolates of food, human and environmental origin was used to assess the antilisterial activity of the bacteriocins nisin and alta 2341 in combination with various atmospheres: air, 100% n2, 40% co2:60% n2, or 100% co2. buffered tryptone soya broth (ph 6.0) was used as the growth medium and incubation was at 4 degrees c (21 days) or 12 degrees c (7 days), or when temperature fluctuated between these values for defined periods. it was observed that atmosp ... | 1998 | 9761335 |
| comparison of five typing methods for the epidemiological study of listeria monocytogenes. | five typing methods were compared in a study designed to adapt a strategy for epidemiologically typing large numbers of listeria monocytogenes strains. the methods studied were serotyping, electrophoretic typing of esterases (zymotyping), restriction fragment length polymorphism of ribosomal dna (ribotyping), random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). data were analysed by computer-assisted statistical analysis. included in the analysis were 35 strains o ... | 1998 | 9761339 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of human platelet profilin complexed with an oligo proline peptide. | profilin is an actin-monomer binding protein that regulates the distribution and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. profilin binds poly-l-proline and proline-rich peptides in vitro and co-localizes with proline-rich proteins in focal adhesions and at the site of actin tail assembly on the surface of intracellular parasites such as listeria monocytogenes. the crystallization of the complex between human platelet profilin (hpp) and an l-proline decamer [(pro)10] is reported here. diffraction from ... | 1998 | 9761827 |
| antimicrobial activity of extracts of mutisia acuminata var. acuminata. | the biological activity of methanol and water extracts of mutisia acuminata ruiz et pavon var. acuminata (asteraceae) against bacteria and fungi (spores and mycelia) was evaluated. the role of ph of the medium in antimicrobial activity was investigated. | 1998 | 9507906 |
| immunity to listeria monocytogenes. | 1998 | 9509668 | |
| evaluation of the rapid cb plus system for identification of corynebacterium species and other gram-positive rods. | due to the difficulty of identifying corynebacterium spp. with standard methods, we compared them with the rapid cb plus system (remel, lenexa, kans. [formerly innovative diagnostic systems, norcross, ga.]), which consists of 4 carbohydrate and 14 preformed enzyme tests, for the identification of 98 clinical isolates of corynebacterium sp., other coryneforms, listeria monocytogenes, and 17 atcc strains. forty (95%) of 42 strains of corynebacterium spp. were accurately identified to the species l ... | 1998 | 9466773 |
| mice lacking the murine interleukin-8 receptor homologue demonstrate paradoxical responses to acute and chronic experimental infection with listeria monocytogenes. | in this study we demonstrate that mice which lack the murine interleukin-8 receptor homologue exhibit enhanced resistance during the early stage of infection (1-4 days after i.v. challenge with listeria monocytogenes). this result is surprising in that interleukin-8 and other cxc chemokines are key players in the accumulation of inflammatory neutrophils, which is thought to be critical for resistance to listeriosis. paradoxically, some of the interleukin-8 receptor knockout mice that survived ac ... | 1998 | 9466943 |
| killing mechanism of listeria monocytogenes in activated macrophages as determined by an improved assay system. | exposure of listeria monocytogenes to gentamicin 5 mg/l for 4 h resulted in the killing of most extracellular bacteria, but had no effect on the survival of bacteria inside macrophages. higher concentrations of gentamicin caused a reduction in the number of intracellular bacteria. this effect was associated with cellular uptake of gentamicin, but was unaffected by activation of macrophages by interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide. in experiments in which exposure to gentamicin 5 mg/l for 4 h w ... | 1998 | 9511826 |
| dna fingerprinting of listeria monocytogenes using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric) motifs-polymerase chain reaction/capillary electrophoresis. | the molecular technique, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) produces genomic dna fingerprint that discriminate bacterial species and strains. this technique was applied to the characterization of listeria monocytogenes, an important food-borne pathogen implicated in numerous cases of listeriosis. the eric-pcr resulted in distinct dna fingerprinting patterns of all l. monocytogene serotypes and listeria species. analysis of the genomic dna finge ... | 1998 | 9511864 |
| predictive modelling of inactivation of listeria spp. in bovine milk during high-temperature short-time pasteurization. | a linear model was derived to describe the thermal inactivation of listeria innocua in bovine whole milk in a high-temperature short-time pilot scale pasteurizer. integrated lethal effect, or pasteurization effect (pe), was obtained by converting times at different temperatures in the various sections of the pasteurizer to the equivalent time at the reference temperature (72 degrees c). pe was then related by a simple linear function to the log10 of the % viable counts with a power transformatio ... | 1998 | 9553795 |
| interaction of monolaurin, eugenol and sodium citrate on growth of common meat spoilage and pathogenic organisms. | interactions of monolaurin, eugenol (phenolic compound) and sodium citrate (chelator) on the growth of six organisms including common meat spoilage (lactobacillus curvatus, lactobacillus sake, leuconostoc mesenteroides, brochothrix thermosphacta) and pathogenic (escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes) organisms were investigated. the combinations of 100 to 250 ppm monolaurin with 500 and 1000 ppm eugenol, and 0.2 and 0.4% sodium citrate were more effective than each component separa ... | 1998 | 9553796 |
| characterization of plasmids from listeria monocytogenes and listeria innocua strains isolated from short-ripened cheeses. | the plasmid content of 30 isolates of listeria monocytogenes and 18 isolates of listeria innocua obtained from short-ripened cheeses was analysed. the isolates of l. monocytogenes serogroup 1 harboured a single plasmid, plm33 (33.2 kbp), whereas the serogroup 4 isolates did not contain plasmids. one group of l. innocua strains harboured the plasmid pli71 (71 kbp) and another one contained two plasmids: pli59 (59.5 kbp) and pli56 (56.5 kbp). these plasmid groups were in accordance with clusters p ... | 1998 | 9553802 |
| genetic typing of human and food isolates of listeria monocytogenes from episodes of listeriosis. | ten clinical and food listeria monocytogenes strains isolated during the epidemiological investigations of episodes of listeriosis (one outbreak and two sporadic cases) that occurred in northern italy during 1993-1995 have been examined by dna macrorestriction pattern analysis obtained by pfge and rapd typing, in order to confirm the food vehicle of infections. the same dna profiles within the isolates from the three episodes were obtained by both techniques. the apal and smal pfge profiles and ... | 1998 | 9556182 |
| interactions of listeria monocytogenes with infected host cells. video supplement. | 1998 | 9556334 | |
| keeping the immune system alerted against cancer. | 1998 | 9558004 | |
| effect of antigen-processing efficiency on in vivo t cell response magnitudes. | t lymphocytes eradicate and provide long-term immunity to infections caused by intracellular pathogens. the mechanisms that determine in vivo t cell response sizes are poorly understood. although it is speculated that the relative processing efficiency of different epitopes determines the hierarchy of t cell responses following immunization, this hypothesis has not been rigorously tested. we therefore mutagenized the secreted p60 ag of listeria monocytogenes to alter the efficiency of t cell epi ... | 1998 | 9558105 |
| impaired macrophage function and enhanced t cell-dependent immune response in mice lacking ccr5, the mouse homologue of the major hiv-1 coreceptor. | the cc-chemokine receptor ccr5 has been shown to be the major coreceptor for hiv-1 entry into cells, and humans with homozygous mutation in the ccr5 gene are highly resistant to hiv-1 infection, despite the existence of many other hiv-1 coreceptors. to investigate the physiologic function of ccr5 and to understand the cellular mechanisms of these clinical observations, we generated a ccr5-deficient mouse model (ccr5[-/-]) by targeted deletion of the ccr5 gene. we found that although developed no ... | 1998 | 9558111 |
| biofilms in food processing environments. | biofilms are a constant concern in food processing environments. our overall research focus has been to understand the interaction of factors affecting bacterial attachment and biofilm formation with the ultimate goal of devising strategies to control this problem. this paper briefly describes three areas of biofilm research in which we have been involved. listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen, survived for prolonged periods on stainless steel and buna-n rubber, materials commonly used in ... | 1998 | 9812282 |
| protein antimicrobial barriers to bacterial adhesion. | the ability of microorganisms to adhere to solid surfaces is a problem of high visibility and has been the focus of numerous investigations because these organisms can cause disease and food spoilage. during the last several years, considerable attention has been focused on the development of food-grade antimicrobial barriers to adhesion in order to inhibit the initial adhesion of microbial contaminants by application of an antimicrobial agent to the surface rather than trying to remove these co ... | 1998 | 9812283 |
| use of bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria to inhibit spontaneous nisin-resistant mutants of listeria monocytogenes scott a. | nisin is a bacteriocin with a broad antibacterial spectrum including strains of listeria monocytogenes. populations of l. monocytogenes, however, frequently contain spontaneous nisin-resistant mutants. when a culture of l. monocytogenes scott a was exposed to nisin concentrations between 10 and 500 iu ml-1, the initial decrease in viable numbers was followed by regrowth of survivors to nisin. nisin-resistant mutants of l. monocytogenes scott a were isolated after a single exposure to nisin at 10 ... | 1998 | 9812378 |
| unidentified listeria-like bacteria isolated from cheese. | unidentified listeria-like bacteria, which lack only one of the phenotypic characteristics used to confirm listeria spp., were isolated from cheese during routine analysis for listeria monocytogenes. the vidas listeria assay and the listeria specific pcr or dna probe assays used did not identify these strains as listeria species. this group of bacteria was studied for its homogeneity using rep-pcr and pfge. sequence analysis of the 16s rrna gene showed a homology of 94% to established listeria s ... | 1998 | 9812394 |
| listeria monocytogenes infection and activation of human brain microvascular endothelial cells. | listeria monocytogenes invasion of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (bmec) and its role as a stimulus for endothelial cell activation were studied. binding and invasion of intact bmec monolayers were independent of the l. monocytogenes inlab invasion locus. cytochalasin d abrogated invasion of bmec, whereas genistein effected only a 53% decrease in invasion, indicating a requirement for rearrangement of actin microfilaments but less dependence on tyrosine kinase activity. l. monocytog ... | 1998 | 9815218 |
| postnatally induced inactivation of gp130 in mice results in neurological, cardiac, hematopoietic, immunological, hepatic, and pulmonary defects. | the pleiotrophic but overlapping functions of the cytokine family that includes interleukin (il)-6, il-11, leukemia inhibitory factor, oncostatin m, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and cardiotrophin 1 are mediated by the cytokine receptor subunit gp130 as the common signal transducer. although mice lacking individual members of this family display only mild phenotypes, animals lacking gp130 are not viable. to assess the collective role of this cytokine family, we inducibly inactivated gp130 via cre ... | 1998 | 9815272 |
| neutrophil-kupffer-cell interaction in host defenses to systemic infections. | most relevant textbooks characterize phagocytosis by kupffer cells as the principal mechanism for clearing bacterial pathogens from the bloodstream and eliminating them from the liver. here, stephen gregory and edward wing discuss recent evidence indicating that the actual mechanism is far more complicated, dependent upon the complex interaction of kupffer cells with neutrophils that immigrate into the liver following infection. | 1998 | 9818544 |
| sources and routes of contamination of raw milk with listeria monocytogenes and its control. | to identify the source of contamination of raw bulk milk with listeria, we attempted to isolate the bacteria from various samples such as cattle-related samples, bulk storage tanks and the environments on three farms. on farms a and b, listeria monocytogenes was repeatedly isolated from raw milk, while on farm c, it was scarcely isolated from it. on the former farms, listeria was detected in cattle-related samples and the environments. on the other hand, only one fecal sample on the latter farm ... | 1998 | 9819776 |
| optimization of codon usage of plasmid dna vaccine is required for the effective mhc class i-restricted t cell responses against an intracellular bacterium. | in an attempt to study codon usage effects of dna vaccines on the induction of mhc class i-restricted t cell responses against an intracellular bacterium, listeria monocytogenes, we designed two plasmid dna vaccines encoding an h-2kd-restricted epitope of listeriolysin o (llo) of l. monocytogenes, llo 91-99. one dna vaccine, p91wt, carries the wild-type dna sequence encoding llo 91-99, and the other one, p91mam, possesses the altered dna sequence in which the codon usage was optimized for murine ... | 1998 | 9820537 |
| early ifn-gamma production and innate immunity during listeria monocytogenes infection in the absence of nk cells. | nk cells are believed to play a mandatory role during the early phases of listeria monocytogenes infection by producing ifn-gamma, which is required for the activation of macrophage effector functions. mice deficient in the common cytokine receptor gamma-chain (gamma(c)-/-), which completely lack nk cells, were used to examine whether nk cells were essential for resistance to listeria infection in vivo. surprisingly, infected gamma(c)-/- mice showed normal innate immunity and macrophage response ... | 1998 | 9820538 |
| intraoperative modulation of alveolar macrophage function during isoflurane and propofol anesthesia. | alveolar macrophages are a critical part of the defense against pulmonary infection. thus the authors determined time-dependent changes in alveolar macrophage functions in patients having surgery who were anesthetized with isoflurane or propofol. | 1998 | 9822000 |