Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| bacteria isolated from blood, stool and urine of typhoid patients in a developing country. | blood, stool and urine samples were collected from 100 patients diagnosed as having typhoid in 5 hospitals in akwa ibom state and analyzed for the presence of salmonella species and other bacteria. of the 100 blood samples screened, 55 (55%) were positive with the widal test and 39 (39%) were positive on blood culture. thirteen (14.1%) out of 92 urine samples were positive for bacterial growth, while 22 (26.8%) of the stool cultures were positive out of the 82 samples screened. those within the ... | 2005 | 16124436 |
| four novel hemolysin genes of vibrio anguillarum and their virulence to rainbow trout. | four nucleotide sequences showing homology to known hemolysin genes were cloned and sequenced from v. anguillarum strain h775-3. the four genes, vah2, vah3, vah4 and vah5, have open reading frames encoding polypeptides of 291, 690, 200 and 585 amino acid residues, respectively, with predicted molecular masses of 33, 75, 22 and 66kda, respectively. vah2 is most closely related to a putative hemolysin of vibrio vulnificus yj016 (89% identity). vah3 is most closely related to a hemolysin-related pr ... | 2005 | 16126365 |
| isolation and characterization of unserotypable lysogens of vibrio cholerae phage ps166. | temperate phages of vibrio cholerae are the major force in the emergence of newer pathogenic clones. ps166, a temperate vibriophage, has the ability to convert pathogenic biotypes of the v. cholerae o1 serogroup. during the conversion process, ps166 also tends to produce a group of lysogens neither reported nor characterized so far. characterization of those lysogens may provide insight into the emergence of newer pathogenic clones of v. cholerae. | 2005 | 16127356 |
| characterizing lipopolysaccharide and core lipid a mutant o1 and o139 vibrio cholerae strains for adherence properties on mucus-producing cell line ht29-rev mtx and virulence in mice. | components of lipopolysaccharide (lps), i.e. capsule, o antigen, core oligosaccharide, as well as the toxin-coregulated pili are among the factors which significantly contribute to intestinal colonization by vibrio cholerae o1 and o139. to further address the contribution of lps to v. cholerae virulence, we performed in vivo colonization experiments and mucus layer attachment studies with defined lps and capsule mutants of o1 and o139. we investigated the interaction of v. cholerae strains with ... | 2005 | 16128399 |
| characterization of vibrio cholerae neuraminidase by a novel mechanism-based fluorescent labeling reagent. | vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (vcna) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of cholera by removing sialic acid residues from higher-order gangliosides to an unmasked gm1, the essential receptor for cholera toxin. here we report that a novel mechanism-based fluorescent labeling reagent, 5-acetamido-2-(4-n-5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl-2-difluoromethylphenyl)-3,5-dideoxy-d-glycero-alpha-d-galacto-2-nonulopyranosonic acid (1), becomes a unique irreversible inhibitor of vcna. character ... | 2005 | 16128567 |
| identification of novel stage-specific genetic requirements through whole genome transcription profiling of vibrio cholerae biofilm development. | bacterial biofilm formation has been described as a developmental process. this process may be divided into three stages: the planktonic stage, the monolayer stage and the biofilm stage. bacteria in the planktonic stage are not attached to each other or to a surface; bacteria in the monolayer stage are attached to surfaces as single cells; and bacteria in the biofilm stage are attached to surfaces as cellular aggregates. in a study limited to the vibrio cholerae flaa, msha and vps genes, we prev ... | 2005 | 16135229 |
| a toxr-based two-hybrid system for the detection of periplasmic and cytoplasmic protein-protein interactions in escherichia coli: minimal requirements for specific dna binding and transcriptional activation. | the vibrio cholerae transcriptional regulator toxr is anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane by a single transmembrane segment, its c-terminal domain facing the periplasm. most of its n-terminal cytoplasmic domain shares sequence similarity with the winged helix-turn-helix (whth) motif of ompr-like transcriptional regulators. in the heterologous host escherichia coli toxr activates transcription at the v.cholerae ctx promoter in a dimerization-dependent manner, which has led to its employment as a ... | 2005 | 16141314 |
| a toxin activator. | 2005 | 16142224 | |
| [dynamics of the reversible transition of vibrio cholerae into the uncultivable state in the presence of organic and inorganic microcosmic components]. | the dynamics of the transition of v. cholerae into the uncultivable state in distilled, river and tap water, containing organic and inorganic components added, was studied. as additives, potassium nitrate, potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium chloride, lysine, alpha-ketoglutarate, succinic acid, catalase were used. the study of the influence of biotic factors on transition into the uncultivable state was carried out in the presence of one-celled green algae scenedesmus quadricauda or ... | 2005 | 16146223 |
| [testing the biological activity of vibrio cholerae on cell subcultures]. | testing the supernatants of ctx(+) strains of v. cholerae eltor and v. cholerae o139 on cell subcultures confirmed the possibility of the synthesis of hemolysin by v. cholerae under the condition of growing them in tripton medium lacking fecl3. at the same time ctx(+) strains of v. cholerae of both serogroups retained, simultaneously with hemolysin production, their capacity for the synthesis of cholera toxin. | 2005 | 16146233 |
| one-bead-one-inhibitor-one-substrate screening of neuraminidase activity. | given the eminent threat of a 21st century flu pandemic, the search for novel antiviral compounds is an increasingly important area of research. recent developments in antiviral research have established the viability of targeting viral neuraminidase (na), an enzyme that cleaves sialic acid from the cell-surface-mediating passage of the virus in the respiratory tract. n-acetyl neuraminic acid (neuac) is the substrate for na, and analogues of this core structure have been commercialized as antivi ... | 2005 | 16149103 |
| structural features, properties and regulation of the outer-membrane protein w (ompw) of vibrio cholerae. | the outer-membrane protein ompw of vibrio cholerae was studied with respect to its structure, functional properties and regulation of expression. on sds-page, the membrane-associated form of ompw protein (solubilized by either 0.1 % or 2 % sds at 25 degrees c) migrated as a monomer of 19 kda that changed to 21 kda on boiling. the protein was hyperexpressed in escherichia coli in the histidine-tagged form and the purified his(6)-ompw (heated or unheated) migrated as a 23 kda protein on sds-page. ... | 2005 | 16151208 |
| going against the grain: chemotaxis and infection in vibrio cholerae. | chemotaxis is the process by which motile cells move in a biased manner both towards favourable and away from unfavourable environments. the requirement of this process for infection has been examined in several bacterial pathogens, including vibrio cholerae. the single polar flagellum of vibrio species is powered by a sodium-motive force across the inner membrane, and can rotate to produce speeds of up to 60 cell-body lengths (approximately 60microm) per second. investigating the role of the ch ... | 2005 | 16012515 |
| cytotoxic and cell vacuolating activity of vibrio fluvialis isolated from paediatric patients with diarrhoea. | vibrio fluvialis is a halophilic vibrio species associated with acute diarrhoeal illness in humans. it has the potential to cause outbreaks and has an association with paediatric diarrhoea. in this study, 11 v. fluvialis strains isolated from hospitalized patients with acute diarrhoea at the infectious diseases hospital, kolkata were extensively characterized. all the strains showed growth in peptone broth containing 7% nacl. the strains showed variable results in voges-proskauer test and to a v ... | 2005 | 16014422 |
| enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae diarrhea, bangladesh, 2004. | flooding in dhaka in july 2004 caused epidemics of diarrhea. enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) was almost as prevalent as vibrio cholerae o1 in diarrheal stools. etec that produced heat-stable enterotoxin alone was most prevalent, and 78% of strains had colonization factors. like v. cholerae o1, etec can cause epidemic diarrhea. | 2005 | 16022790 |
| pathogen adaptation to seasonal forcing and climate change. | many diverse infectious diseases exhibit seasonal dynamics. seasonality in disease incidence has been attributed to seasonal changes in pathogen transmission rates, resulting from fluctuations in extrinsic climate factors. multi-strain infectious diseases with strain-specific seasonal signatures, such as cholera, indicate that a range of seasonal patterns in transmission rates is possible in identical environments. we therefore consider pathogens capable of evolving their 'seasonal phenotype', a ... | 2005 | 16024354 |
| unexpected functional diversity among fadr fatty acid transcriptional regulatory proteins. | the fadr protein of escherichia coli has been shown to play a dual role in transcription of the genes of bacterial fatty acid metabolism. the protein acts as a repressor of beta-oxidation and an activator of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis. fadr dna binding is antagonized by long chain acyl-coas, and thus fadr acts as a sensor of fatty acid availability in the environment. when viewed from a genomic viewpoint, fadr proteins are unusual in that the dna binding domain is very highly conserved amo ... | 2005 | 16027119 |
| randomized, controlled study of the safety and immunogenicity of peru-15, a live attenuated oral vaccine candidate for cholera, in adult volunteers in bangladesh. | background: a live oral vibrio cholerae o1 el tor vaccine candidate, peru-15, was studied for safety, immunogenicity, and excretion in phase 1 (inpatient) and phase 2 (outpatient) studies of bangladeshi adults.methods. the study was conducted among adults, by use of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design. a single dose of peru-15 (approximately 2 x 108 cfu) or placebo (buffer only) was given in standard bicarbonate and ascorbic acid buffer.results. study treatment did not elicit a ... | 2005 | 16028125 |
| [cholera at the beginning of the xxi century. prognosis]. | the worldwide epidemiological situation in cholera el tor at the beginning of this century is presented; among its characteristic features are continued extensive epidemics and outbreaks in african and asian countries with cases of import of this infection to other continents. outbreaks caused by a new variant of the infective agent of cholera, vibrio cholerae o139, are still registered at limited territories in the countries of south-east asia. in some cis countries (azerbaijan, kazakhstan and ... | 2005 | 16028512 |
| [characterization of enteropathogenic vibrio cholerae non o1/o139 isolated in uzbekistan]. | the results of the serotyping of 244 v. cholerae non o1/o139 cultures isolated from patients in uzbekistan in 2000 and 2001 are presented. all isolates were studied by the method of molecular probing and in the polymerase chain reaction for the presence of virulence genes and for sensitivity to phages ctx+, ctx- and hemolytic activity. the use of monoreceptor o-sera o2-o83 made it possible to determine vibrios of 32 serogroups with the dominating role in the etiology of acute enteric diseases be ... | 2005 | 16028522 |
| characterization of the vibrio cholerae vcecab multiple-drug resistance efflux operon in escherichia coli. | herein, we identify vcec as a component of a vcecab operon, which codes for the vibrio cholerae vceab multiple-drug resistance (mdr) efflux pump, and vcer, which codes for a transcriptional autoregulatory protein that negatively regulates the expression of the vcecab operon and is modulated by some of the substrates of this mdr efflux pump. | 2005 | 16030246 |
| investigation of seven vibrio virulence genes among vibrio alginolyticus and vibrio parahaemolyticus strains from the coastal mariculture systems in guangdong, china. | to investigate the distribution of the virulence of two vibrio species among different strains obtained from the mariculture systems on the coast of guangdong in china and the correlation between the virulence strains and the virulence genes among vibrio alginolyticus. | 2005 | 16033522 |
| tcpf is a soluble colonization factor and protective antigen secreted by el tor and classical o1 and o139 vibrio cholerae serogroups. | vibrio cholerae causes diarrhea by colonizing the human small bowel and intoxicating epithelial cells. colonization is a required step in pathogenesis, and strains defective for colonization are significantly attenuated. the best-characterized v. cholerae colonization factor is the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp). it has been demonstrated that tcp is required for v. cholerae colonization in both humans and mice. tcp enhances bacterial interactions that allow microcolony formation and thereby promo ... | 2005 | 16040956 |
| transcriptional profiling of vibrio cholerae recovered directly from patient specimens during early and late stages of human infection. | understanding gene expression by bacteria during the actual course of human infection may provide important insights into microbial pathogenesis. in this study, we evaluated the transcriptional profile of vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, in clinical specimens from cholera patients. we collected samples of human stool and vomitus that were positive by dark-field microscopy for abundant vibrios and used a microarray to compare gene expression in organisms recovered directly from sp ... | 2005 | 16040959 |
| peptides mimicking vibrio cholerae o139 capsular polysaccharide elicit protective antibody response. | vibrio cholerae is the etiological agent of cholera. v. cholerae serogroup o1 had been, until 1992, the only serogroup responsible for large epidemics and pandemics of cholera. in 1992, a new serotype of v. cholerae emerged in south-east asia that caused a massive outbreak of cholera in india and neighboring countries. the new serotype was named v. cholerae o139. the main differences between v. cholerae o139 and o1 are that the former possesses a capsular polysaccharide and different lipopolysac ... | 2005 | 16046165 |
| srnapredict: an integrative computational approach to identify srnas in bacterial genomes. | small non-coding bacterial rnas (srnas) play important regulatory roles in a variety of cellular processes. nearly all known srnas have been identified in escherichia coli and most of these are not conserved in the majority of other bacterial species. many of the e.coli srnas were initially predicted through bioinformatic approaches based on their common features, namely that they are encoded between annotated open reading frames and are flanked by predictable transcription signals. because prom ... | 2005 | 16049021 |
| influence of water temperature and salinity on seasonal occurrences of vibrio cholerae and enteric bacteria in oyster-producing areas of veracruz, méxico. | the influence of temperature and salinity on the occurrence of vibrio cholerae, escherichia coli and salmonella spp. associated with water and oyster samples was investigated in two lagoons on the atlantic coast of veracruz, mexico over a 1-year period. the results indicated that seasonal salinity variability and warm temperatures, as well as nutrient influx, may influence the occurrence of v. cholera. non-o1 and o1. the conditions found in the alvarado (31.12 degrees c, 6.27 per thousand, ph=8. ... | 2005 | 16061261 |
| subtractive hybridization reveals a high genetic diversity in the fish pathogen photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida: evidence of a sxt-like element. | photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida is the causative agent of fish pasteurellosis, a severe disease affecting cultured marine fish worldwide. in this study, suppression subtractive hybridization was used to identify dna fragments present in the virulent strain pc554.2, but absent in the avirulent strain epoy 8803-ii. twenty-one genomic regions of this type (that included twenty-six distinct putative orfs) were analysed by dna sequencing. twenty orfs encoded proteins with homology to protein ... | 2005 | 16079344 |
| the eal domain protein viea is a cyclic diguanylate phosphodiesterase. | the newly recognized bacterial second messenger 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid (cyclic diguanylate (c-di-gmp)) has been shown to regulate a wide variety of bacterial behaviors and traits. biosynthesis and degradation of c-di-gmp have been attributed to the ggdef and eal protein domains, respectively, based primarily on genetic evidence. whereas the ggdef domain was demonstrated to possess diguanylate cyclase activity in vitro, the eal domain has not been tested directly for c-di-gmp phosphodiester ... | 2005 | 16081414 |
| medico - historical study of "visŭcikă" (cholera). | the sanskrit word visŭcikă refers to a condition in which vitiated văta dŏşa causes pain like pricking with a needle over the body. it occurs in a person suffering with ajĭrna (indigestion) and its detailed description is available in ayurvedic literature. this disease has its existence in india since ancient times; it has also been referred in mahăhărata and tripitikas. its etiology, signs, symptoms, complications, prognosis and treatment etc. as described in ayurveda may be correlated with the ... | 2005 | 17333658 |
| an outbreak of el tor cholera in kavre district, nepal. | outbreak of cholera still remains major public health problem in most of the developing countries including nepal. a prospective study was carried out at dhulikhel hospital, kathmandu university teaching hospital, kavrepalanchok during 1st may 2004 to 31st october 2004. a total of 148 stool samples from patients with acute diarrhea were collected and further investigated for cholera. the study was conducted to establish the causes of the outbreak of acute diarrheal disease, antimicrobial profile ... | 2005 | 16415609 |
| a case of vibrio cholerae non-o1, non-o139 septicaemia in slovenia, imported from tunisia, july 2005. | 2005 | 16790890 | |
| [activity of 22 antibacterials against o1 and o139 serogroup vibrio cholerae strains isolated from humans within 1927-2005 in various regions of the world]. | analysis of antibioticograms of 390 o1 and o139 serogroup vibrio cholerae strains isolated from humans within 1927-2005 in various regions of the world showed that the strains of v. cholerae isolated within 1927-1966 were susceptible to 22 antibacterials, the strains isolated within 1938-1993 possessed 1-3 resistance markers and the strains isolated within 1994-2005 had 3-8 resistance markers including resistance to fluoroquinolones. all the strains of o139 serogroup v. cholerae isolated in 1993 ... | 2005 | 17016910 |
| [proteins with ggdef and eal domains: their role in bacterial metabolism]. | the availability of multiple bacterial genome sequences has led to the discovery of several conserved domains of proteins. recently, ggdef and eal domains have been described as domains responsible for the synthesis and degradation of c-di-gmp, a second messenger in bacteria. c-di-gmp has been involved in cellulose production and identified as a global regulator of several processes such as biofilm formation, motility and virulence, presumibly through a modification of the cell surface propertie ... | 2005 | 17061537 |
| [selection of attenuated vibrio cholerae strains to obtain oral attenuated candidate vaccines against cholera]. | a methodology was developed for the selection of genetically modified strains of vibrio cholerae 01 and 0139 aimed at obtaining oral attenuated candidate vaccines against cholera. the modified strains underwent microbiological characterization, bacterial susceptibility and different biological tests (mean lethal dose, colonizing capacity, adherence in mice, ligated intestine and intraduodenal inoculation in rabbits as virulence and potency tests. the strains 81, 638, 638t and 1333 were evaluated ... | 2005 | 17966578 |
| recurrent cholera epidemics in kano--northern nigeria. | the study examined the factors associated with recurrent cholera epidemics in kano state of northern nigeria, the management of the epidemics and health outcomes. | 2005 | 17892230 |
| [cholera in rio grande do norte state--brazil: sorology and sensitivity of vibrio cholerae to different antimicrobials]. | the emergence of multiple resistance to antimicrobials in vibrio cholerae isolated in the state of ceará, brazil, alerted researchers in this area to the sensitivity to antimicrobials of strains isolated in rio grande do norte (rn), brazil. | 2005 | 17768794 |
| risk factors for cholera in pohnpei during an outbreak in 2000: lessons for pacific countries and territories. | in april 2000, a large outbreak of cholera due to vibrio cholerae serotype ogawa biotype el tor affected the island of pohnpei in the federated states of micronesia. a pacific public health surveillance network team conducted a case control study in the middle of the epidemic. the aims of the study were to identify individual and household level risk factors for cholera, and to evaluate public health interventions aimed at controlling the outbreak. a case was a person admitted to the pohnpei hos ... | 2005 | 18181490 |
| the escherichia coli hemolysin. | the escherichia coli hemolysin, earlier referred to as the hemolysin, is the best-characterized repeats in toxin (rtx) secreted by a type i exoprotein secretion system. the e. coli hemolysin is a significant virulence factor in murine models of peritonitis and ascending urinary tract infection, which suggests it is likely to be an important cytotoxin in human, extraintestinal e. coli diseases. among e. coli or salmonella strains there are no known examples of strict rtx leukotoxins in which lyti ... | 2005 | 26443504 |
| an el tor cholera outbreak amongst tribal population in tripura. | an outbreak of acute diarrhoeal disease occurred in dhalai and north tripura district, tripura during month of may 2004. an investigation was done to identify causative agent with anti microbial susceptibility pattern and to know the epidemiological feature. overall attack rate and case fatality rate (cfr) was 18.8%. and 6.9/1000 respectively. vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor, ogawa was isolated as sole pathogen in 40% of hospitalized acute diarrhoea patient and from a water samples examined. t ... | 2004 | 16506550 |
| progress towards development of a cholera subunit vaccine. | cholera, an enteric disease that can reach pandemic proportions, remains a world-wide problem that is positioned to increase in incidence as changes in global climate or armed conflict spawn the conditions that enhance transmission to humans and, thus, precipitate epidemic cholera. an effective subunit cholera vaccine that can provide protective immunity with one parenteral immunization would be a major advantage over the existing oral vaccines that can require two doses for optimal protection. ... | 2004 | 17191897 |
| comparative study of different methods for detection of toxic and other enzymatic factors in vibrio cholerae strains. | the purpose of this work was to characterize the toxin profile and the presence of other virulence factors involved in the pathogenesis and biology of 13 v. cholerae o1 (11 clinical cases and 2 waters) and 6 v. cholerae non o1 strains (4 clinical cases and 2 waters) using genetic (pcr), immunological (rpla), biochemical (nad degradation, haemolysis, kanagawa phenomenon, caseinase, lecithinase, mucinase, amylase, esculine hydrolysis) and cell culture (vero e6, hep-2) assays. the results indicated ... | 2004 | 16295321 |
| bacteriological profile and changing antibiograms of vibrio cholerae isolated in east delhi, 1998-2003. | 2004 | 16295679 | |
| [analysis of components of vibriophage vp4 receptor of vibrio cholerae ]. | 2004 | 15769380 | |
| bacteremic necrotizing fasciitis caused by vibrio cholerae serogroup o56 in a patient with liver cirrhosis. | bacteremic necrotizing fasciitis caused by non-o1 vibrio cholerae has rarely been reported. we describe a case of necrotizing fasciitis of the bilateral lower extremities in a 68-year-old man with liver cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus. cultures of blood and the debrided tissue all yielded v. cholerae serogroup non-o1 (o56). despite extensive radical debridement and antibiotic treatment with ceftazidime and doxycycline, the patient died on the 12th hospital day due to multiple organ failure. the ... | 2004 | 15624044 |
| [performance of cholera-smart and pathogen-detection-kit in the quick diagnosis of cholera]. | to compare the performance of two rapid systems for the diagnosis of cholera with the culture method, and to propose a strategy for improving the specificity and sensitivity of these systems and reducing the costs involved in making a diagnosis. | 2004 | 15615597 |
| the membrane-associated lipoprotein-9 gmpc from staphylococcus aureus binds the dipeptide glymet via side chain interactions. | bacterial dipeptide abc transporters function to import a wide range of dipeptide substrates. this ability to transport a wide variety of dipeptides is conferred by the cognate substrate binding protein (sbp) of these transporters. sbps bind dipeptides with little regard for their amino acid content. here, we report the 1.7 a resolution structure of lipoprotein-9 (sa0422) of staphylococcus aureus in complex with the dipeptide glycylmethionine. experimental characterization of the subcellular loc ... | 2004 | 15610013 |
| [evolution of the cholera agent genome]. | "mikrob" russian research anti-plague institute, saratov studies of the genomic evolution of pathogenic bacteria became a priority research trend of modern molecular genetics. vibrio cholerae, whose pathogenic properties are conditioned by the presence of virulence blocks of differing phylogenetic origins in 2 chromosomes, turned out to be a unique model object for studies of evolutionary transformations of genomes that are causative agents of extra dangerous infections. the molecular-and-geneti ... | 2004 | 15597566 |
| [retrospective vntr-analysis of genotypes of vibrio cholerae 01 strains isolated, during the 7th cholera pandemic, in rostov region]. | antiplague research institute, rostov-on-don, russia retrospective multi-locus vntr-analysis was made for 166 vibrio cholerae strains isolated, 1967-2001, in rostov region from clinical samples (82 strains) and from water samples (84 strains). on the basis of cluster analysis of heterogeneous identification strain genotypes, 45 variations of individual strains were shared between 11 separate clusters, among which the f cluster vibrios were predominant. having emerged, 1970, in the region, they w ... | 2004 | 15597569 |
| a fatal non-01 vibrio cholerae septicemia in a patient with liver cirrhosis. | 2004 | 15573214 | |
| detection of pathogenic vibrio spp. in shellfish by using multiplex pcr and dna microarrays. | this study describes the development of a gene-specific dna microarray coupled with multiplex pcr for the comprehensive detection of pathogenic vibrios that are natural inhabitants of warm coastal waters and shellfish. multiplex pcr with vvh and viub for vibrio vulnificus, with ompu, toxr, tcpi, and hlya for v. cholerae, and with tlh, tdh, trh, and open reading frame 8 for v. parahaemolyticus helped to ensure that total and pathogenic strains, including subtypes of the three vibrio spp., could b ... | 2004 | 15574946 |
| viable but nonculturable vibrio cholerae o1 in the aquatic environment of argentina. | in argentina, as in other countries of latin america, cholera has occurred in an epidemic pattern. vibrio cholerae o1 is native to the aquatic environment, and it occurs in both culturable and viable but nonculturable (vnc) forms, the latter during interepidemic periods. this is the first report of the presence of vnc v. cholerae o1 in the estuarine and marine waters of the rio de la plata and the argentine shelf of the atlantic ocean, respectively. employing immunofluorescence and pcr methods, ... | 2004 | 15574951 |
| dynamics and control of biofilms of the oligotrophic bacterium caulobacter crescentus. | caulobacter crescentus is an oligotrophic alpha-proteobacterium with a complex cell cycle involving sessile-stalked and piliated, flagellated swarmer cells. because the natural lifestyle of c. crescentus intrinsically involves a surface-associated, sessile state, we investigated the dynamics and control of c. crescentus biofilms developing on glass surfaces in a hydrodynamic system. in contrast to biofilms of the well-studied pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, and vibrio cholerae, c. cres ... | 2004 | 15576774 |
| tcph influences virulence gene expression in vibrio cholerae by inhibiting degradation of the transcription activator tcpp. | expression of toxt, the transcription activator of cholera toxin and pilus production in vibrio cholerae, is the consequence of a complex cascade of regulatory events that culminates in activation of the toxt promoter by tcpp and toxr, two membrane-localized transcription factors. both are encoded in operons with genes whose products, tcph and toxs, which are also membrane localized, are hypothesized to control their activity. in this study we analyzed the role of tcph in controlling tcpp functi ... | 2004 | 15576780 |
| normalization of cdna microarray data using wavelet regressions. | normalization is an essential step in microarray data mining and analysis. for cdna microarray data, the primary purpose of normalization is removing the intensity-dependent bias across different slides within an experimental group or between multiple groups. the locally weighted regression (lowess) procedure has been widely used for this purpose but can be comparatively time consuming when the dataset becomes relatively large. in this study, we applied wavelet regressions, a new smoothing metho ... | 2004 | 15578940 |
| vibrio cholerae (non-o1, non-o139) sepsis in a child with fanconi anemia. | a 9-year-old female child who was a known case of fanconi anemia was admitted to hospital because of fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. blood culture at the time of admission yielded growth of gram-negative curved rod that was identified as vibrio cholerae (non-o1, non-o139), whereas repeated fecal cultures were negative for enteropathogens. to our knowledge, this is the first case of v. cholerae (non-o1, non-o139) septicemia associated with fanconi anemia. | 2004 | 15582302 |
| the vibrio seventh pandemic island-ii is a 26.9 kb genomic island present in vibrio cholerae el tor and o139 serogroup isolates that shows homology to a 43.4 kb genomic island in v. vulnificus. | vibrio cholerae is the aetiological agent of the deadly diarrhoeal disease cholera. in this study the 7.5 kb vibrio seventh pandemic island-ii (vsp-ii) that is unique to v. cholerae el tor and o139 serogroups was analysed and it was found to be part of a novel 26.9 kb genomic island (gei) encompassing vc0490-vc0516. the low-gc-content vsp-ii encompassed 24 predicted orfs, including dna repair and methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins, a group of hypothetical proteins and a bacteriophage-like inte ... | 2004 | 15583158 |
| diverse ctx phages among toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 strains isolated between 1994 and 2002 in an area where cholera is endemic in bangladesh. | pcr surveillance of the rstr genes of ctx phages in vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 showed no relationship between the incidence of disease and changes in the rstr but showed variations in their presence in o1 and o139 strains and the occurrence of multiple types in a few strains. | 2004 | 15583324 |
| genetics of stress adaptation and virulence in toxigenic vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae, a gram-negative bacterium belonging to the gamma-subdivision of the family proteobacteriaceae is the etiologic agent of cholera, a devastating diarrheal disease which occurs frequently as epidemics. any bacterial species encountering a broad spectrum of environments during the course of its life cycle is likely to develop complex regulatory systems and stress adaptation mechanisms to best survive in each environment encountered. toxigenic v. cholerae, which has evolved from envi ... | 2004 | 15585131 |
| re-emergence of el tor vibrio in outbreak of cholera in & around nagpur. | contrary to earlier outbreaks of cholera due to vibrio cholerae o139 during 1993 and its reemergence in 1998 in and around nagpur and only sporadic episodes thereafter for next couple of years, a large outbreak was encountered between june and october 2003. v. cholerae 01 el tor were isolated in 198 cases, of which 152 were ogawa, 3 inaba, 4 hikojima and 39 were non agglutinating (nag) vibrios. no isolate of v. cholerae o139 was detected during the entire outbreak. the isolates were multi drug r ... | 2004 | 15591633 |
| seasonality and antimicrobial resistance pattern of vibrio cholerae in a tertiary care hospital of north india. | we retrospectively analysed the seasonal distribution of cholera and the antimicrobial resistance pattern of vibrio cholerae isolates over a 5-year period from january 1998 to december 2002. of 3213 stool specimens processed from 3213 patients with acute watery diarrhoea during this period, 431 samples (13.4%) were found positive for v. cholerae. there were 423 v. cholerae o1 biotype e1 tor, 2 v. cholerae o139 and six isolates of non-o1 non-o139. the highest number of cholera cases occurred in m ... | 2004 | 15510963 |
| seasonality and species of vibrio cholerae in karachi, pakistan. | 2004 | 15510965 | |
| smarter than the average phage. | the seventh cholera pandemic emerged in the poorer nations of the world towards the end of the 20th century and continues to kill thousands of people per year. the causative agent of cholera, the gram-negative bacterium vibrio cholera, is only pathogenic when it contains a lysogenic bacteriophage, ctxphi, that encodes the toxin responsible for inducing massive fluid loss from the human host. site-specific integration of ctxphi into chromosome i of v. cholera occurs at a site, dif, that is normal ... | 2004 | 15522071 |
| characterization of xerc- and xerd-dependent ctx phage integration in vibrio cholerae. | ctxphi is a filamentous bacteriophage that encodes cholera toxin and integrates site-specifically into the larger of the two vibrio cholerae chromosomes. the ctxphi genome lacks an integrase; instead, its integration depends on the chromosome-encoded tyrosine recombinases xerc and xerd. during integration, recombination occurs between regions of homology in ctxphi and the v. cholerae chromosome. here, we define the elements on the phage genome (attp) and bacterial chromosome (attb) required for ... | 2004 | 15522078 |
| [otitis caused by vibrio cholerae non-01/non-0139 strains acquired in germany]. | 2004 | 15526661 | |
| structural biology and structure-based inhibitor design of cholera toxin and heat-labile enterotoxin. | structural biology studies on cholera toxin and the closely related heat-labile enterotoxin from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli over the past decade have shed light on the mechanism of toxin action at molecular and atomic levels. also, components of the extracellular protein secretion apparatus that translocate the toxins across the outer membrane are being investigated. at the same time, structure-based design has led to various classes of compounds targeting different toxin sites, including ... | 2004 | 15532979 |
| the structure of the cytoplasmic domain of epsl, an inner membrane component of the type ii secretion system of vibrio cholerae: an unusual member of the actin-like atpase superfamily. | the type ii secretion system (t2ss) is used by several gram-negative bacteria for the secretion of hydrolytic enzymes and virulence factors across the outer membrane. in these secretion systems, a complex of 12-15 so-called "gsp proteins" spans from a regulatory atpase in the cytoplasm, via several signal or energy transducing proteins in the inner membrane and the pseudopilins in the periplasm, to the actual pore in the outer membrane. the human pathogen vibrio cholerae employs such an assembly ... | 2004 | 15533433 |
| two-stage anaerobic digestion process for complete inactivation of enteric bacterial pathogens in human night soil. | anaerobic digestion offers a good alternative for human waste treatment. however, the fate of enteric bacterial pathogens present in human night soil (hns) remains a major concern for hygienic safety of the process. a two-stage anaerobic digestion process, consisting of separate acidogenic and methanogenic digesters, was designed and its efficacy in the inactivation of salmonella typhi was compared to a single-stage digestion process. in a single-stage digestion, complete pathogen inactivation w ... | 2004 | 15536996 |
| vibrio cholerae strains with mutations in an atypical type i secretion system accumulate rtx toxin intracellularly. | this study shows that the vibrio cholerae rtx toxin is secreted by a four-component type i secretion system (tiss) encoded by rtxb, rtxd, rtxe, and tolc. atp-binding site mutations in both rtxb and rtxe blocked secretion, demonstrating that this atypical tiss requires two transport atpases that may function as a heterodimer. | 2004 | 15547287 |
| [role of lectin (hlya) in the hemolytic and hemagglutinating activity of vibrio cholerae]. | data on the nature of the substance which determines the structural gene hlya in v. cholerae are presented. computer analysis and experimental data on hemolysin preparations and v. cholerae strains testify that gene hlya determines the synthesis of ricin-like galactose-specific lectin. its lectin domain takes part in the lysis of sheep (but not rabbit!) red blood cells, as well as in the hemagglutinating capacity of non-toxigenic and toxigenic v. cholerae 569 b. | 2004 | 15554305 |
| [hemolytic activity of vibrio cholerae eltor and v. cholerae o139 toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains]. | a total of 20 ctx- and 16 ctx+ v. cholerae eltor strains, 20 ctx- and 22 ctx+ v. cholerae o139 strains were under study. hemolytic activity was tested in modified greig test with sheep, guinea pig and rabbit red blood cells. the comparative study of the hemolytic properties of v. cholerae o1 and o139 under different conditions of cultivation demonstrated their capacity of lysing sheep red blood cells (srbc) irrespective of the presence of toxigenic properties. a wider spectrum of lytic activity ... | 2004 | 15554327 |
| [role of lipopolysaccharide in the action of complement on gram negative bacteria]. | in this review a short description of the methods for the activation of the complement system and data on the role of different structures of lipopolysaccharide of gram negative bacteria in this process are presented. variants of complement-induced bacteriolysis are considered. special attention is given to cholera infection and the role of vibrio cholerae o139 polysaccharide in interaction with the complement. | 2004 | 15554329 |
| a method for the purification of shiga-like toxin 1 subunit b using a commercially available galabiose-agarose resin. | we describe a procedure for the affinity purification of shiga toxin 1 subunit b (sltb) using a commercial galabiose-agarose resin. recombinant sltb was purified to 99% homogeneity in a single-step protocol, from the periplasmic extracts of vibrio cholerae 0395 n1/psbc54. sds-page of the affinity purified sltb showed one band of 8 kda mw. sltb purified by this procedure retained its chemical and biological activity as demonstrated by re-binding to the galabiose-agarose resin, and receptor-mediat ... | 2004 | 15555932 |
| chemotaxis in vibrio cholerae. | the ability of motile bacteria to swim toward or away from specific environmental stimuli, such as nutrients, oxygen, or light provides cells with a survival advantage, especially under nutrient-limiting conditions. this behavior, called chemotaxis, is mediated by the bacteria changing direction by briefly reversing the direction of rotation of the flagellar motors. a sophisticated signal transduction system, consisting of signal transducer proteins, a histidine kinase, a response regulator, a c ... | 2004 | 15451094 |
| ultrastructural evidence of invasive activity of vibrio cholerae. | the development of experimental cholera in suckling rabbits is associated with typical cholerogenic syndrome: the presence of vibrio cholerae in the blood, bile (in 60 and 70% cases, respectively), small and large intestine (in 100% cases). simultaneously with enterocyte desquamation and increased permeability of the blood-enterocyte barrier, the vibrios are released into villous stroma and then into the microcirculatory bed. the zot toxin is involved in the mechanism of vibrio cholerae invasion ... | 2004 | 15452615 |
| effect of bile on the cell surface permeability barrier and efflux system of vibrio cholerae. | gram-negative bacteria are inherently impermeable to hydrophobic compounds, due to the synergistic activity of the permeability barrier imposed by the outer membrane and energy dependent efflux systems. the gram-negative, enteric pathogen vibrio cholerae appears to be deficient in both these activities; the outer membrane is not an effective barrier to hydrophobic permeants, presumably due to the presence of exposed phospholipids on the outer leaflet of the outer membrane, and efflux systems are ... | 2004 | 15466033 |
| three parallel quorum-sensing systems regulate gene expression in vibrio harveyi. | in a process called quorum sensing, bacteria communicate using extracellular signal molecules termed autoinducers. two parallel quorum-sensing systems have been identified in the marine bacterium vibrio harveyi. system 1 consists of the luxm-dependent autoinducer hai-1 and the hai-1 sensor, luxn. system 2 consists of the luxs-dependent autoinducer ai-2 and the ai-2 detector, luxpq. the related bacterium, vibrio cholerae, a human pathogen, possesses system 2 (luxs, ai-2, and luxpq) but does not h ... | 2004 | 15466044 |
| lipopolysaccharides of vibrio cholerae ii. genetics of biosynthesis. | an account of our up to date knowledge of the genetics of biosynthesis of vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide (lps) is presented in this review. while not much information is available in the literature on the genetics of biosynthesis of lipid a of v. cholerae, the available information on the characteristics and proposed functions of the corepolysaccharide (core-ps) biosynthetic genes is discussed. the genetic organizations encoding the o-antigen polysaccharides (o-ps) of v. cholerae of serogrou ... | 2004 | 15469898 |
| [antimicrobial susceptibility of no-o1 vibrio cholerae strains isolated from patients in cuba]. | 2004 | 15470516 | |
| molecular biology. rnas turn on in tandem. | 2004 | 15472064 | |
| a glycine-dependent riboswitch that uses cooperative binding to control gene expression. | we identified a previously unknown riboswitch class in bacteria that is selectively triggered by glycine. a representative of these glycine-sensing rnas from bacillus subtilis operates as a rare genetic on switch for the gcvt operon, which codes for proteins that form the glycine cleavage system. most glycine riboswitches integrate two ligand-binding domains that function cooperatively to more closely approximate a two-state genetic switch. this advanced form of riboswitch may have evolved to en ... | 2004 | 15472076 |
| evolutionary genetic analysis of the emergence of epidemic vibrio cholerae isolates on the basis of comparative nucleotide sequence analysis and multilocus virulence gene profiles. | vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, is a natural inhabitant of the aquatic ecosystem. we examined a unique collection of v. cholerae clinical and environmental isolates of widespread geographic distribution recovered over a 60-year period to determine their evolutionary genetic relationships based on analysis of two housekeeping genes, malate dehydrogenase (mdh) and a chaperonin (groel). in addition, the phylogenetic distribution of 12 regions associated with virulence was determine ... | 2004 | 15472325 |
| genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance of clinical and environmental vibrio cholerae suggests that many serogroups are reservoirs of resistance. | vibrio cholerae is an important human pathogen and the cause of cholera. since genetic variation and antibiotic resistance of strains have implications for effective treatment of the disease, we examined the genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance profile in 92 clinical strains (serogroup o1) and 56 environmental strains (o1 antigen, 42 strains; non-o1 antigen, 14 strains) isolated in brazil between 1991 and 1999. clinical and environmental o1 strains showed greater drug resistance compared ... | 2004 | 15473163 |
| an efficient approach to n-acetyl-d-glucosaminuronic acid-based sialylmimetics as potential sialidase inhibitors. | a novel approach to the synthesis of beta-glycosides of n-acetyl-d-glucosaminuronic acid, in six steps and good overall yield from n-acetyl-d-glucosamine, has been developed. the key synthetic step was the lewis acid mediated o-glycosidation of methyl 1,3,4-tri-o-pivaloyl-n-acetyl-d-glucosaminuronate (11). elaboration of glucosaminuronides 15 and 18 provided novel sialylmimetics 21 and 22, which showed inhibition of vibrio cholerae sialidase. | 2004 | 15482923 |
| assessing clonality of vibrio cholerae inaba isolates by characterization of nonsense mutations in wbet. | the transferase gene wbet of six clinical isolates of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor was analysed. two unique mutations were identified in the wbet gene of three inaba isolates. due to their random nature, mutations in wbet can be used to determine the clonal origin of clinical inaba isolates. | 2004 | 15496388 |
| variation of toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 in the aquatic environment of bangladesh and its correlation with the clinical strains. | the diversity of toxigenic v. cholerae o1 in the aquatic environment of bangladesh is not known. a total of 18 environmental and 18 clinical strains of toxigenic v. cholerae o1 were isolated simultaneously from four different geographical areas and tested for variation by the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis method. environmental strains showed diversified profiles and one of the profiles was common to some environmental strains and most clinical strains. it appears that one clone has an advanta ... | 2004 | 15502411 |
| slaughterhouse wastewater treatment in a full-scale system with constructed wetlands. | this work evaluated the performance of a full-scale system with wetlands for slaughterhouse (abattoir) effluent treatment in the state of hidalgo, méxico. the treatment system consisted of a primary sedimentation tank, an anaerobic lagoon, and a constructed subsurface-flow wetland, in series. the wetland accounted for almost 30% of the removal of organic matter. in general, the treatment system achieved satisfactory pollutant removals, but the final effluent could not meet the mexican environmen ... | 2004 | 15508424 |
| cloning and expression of vibrio cholerae virulence gene, accessory cholera enterotoxin (ace). | the cholera enterotoxin (ct) has been considered a major virulence factor of vibrio cholerae. the accessory cholera enterotoxin (ace) gene is the third gene of v. cholerae virulence cassette. the gene coding for the ace toxin was amplified from v. cholerae isolates producing a single band of 314 bp. the presence of ace gene was confirmed by hybridization as well as by sequencing. the gene was successfully expressed in escherichia coli (lmg194) using expression, pbad/thio-topo vector. optimal con ... | 2004 | 15916081 |
| virulence factors of non-o1 non-o139 vibrio cholerae isolated in córdoba, argentina. | v. cholerae non-o1 non-o139 serogroups isolated from clinical and environmental sources in córdoba, argentina, were analyzed for the presence and expression of virulence genes. most of the strains studied contained the genes toxr and hlya, but lacked ctxa, zot, ace, tcpa and stn. the culture supernatants were tested for hemolytic and cytotoxic activity. the enterotoxic potential of the strains was studied in a rabbit ileal loop assay and their genetic profiles were compared by pfge. the environm ... | 2004 | 15786867 |
| infectious disease and environment: cholera as a paradigm for waterborne disease. | 2004 | 15666250 | |
| identification of the gene for the monomeric alkaline phosphatase of vibrio cholerae serogroup o1 strain. | alkaline phosphatase (apase) of vibrio cholerae is the first monomeric alkaline phosphatase reported [roy, n.k., ghosh, r.k., das, j., 1982a. monomeric alkaline phosphatase of v. cholerae. j. bacteriol. 150, 1033-1039.]. the gene (phoa(vc)) encoding this enzyme is not identified in the published genome sequence of the v. cholerae serogroup o1 el tor strain n16961 [heidelberg et al., 2000, dna sequence of both the chromosome of cholera pathogen v. cholerae. nature 406, 477-484.]. however two gene ... | 2004 | 15656991 |
| a cholera epidemic among the nicobarese tribe of nancowry, andaman, and nicobar, india. | cholera has not been reported from the andaman and nicobar islands in india. in october 2002, an outbreak of diarrhea occurred among the nicobarese tribe of the nancowry group of islands. the outbreak affected 16 of the 45 inhabited villages of three islands with an attack rate of 12.8% and a case fatality ratio of 1.3%. vibrio cholerae o1 el tor was isolated from 18 of the 67 patients tested. a study conducted in one of the villages indicated that the outbreak was started there by a person who ... | 2004 | 15642977 |
| [adhesive and other properties of vibrio cholerae tcp+ ctx- isolated from environmental objects in the rostov region in 2002]. | the adhesive, hemolytic and triacylglycerol lipase activity of 4 v. cholerae ctp+ ctx- cultures, sensitive to bacteriophage ctx+, isolated from the don and sewage water were tested. all these cultures were found to induce hemolysis of sheep red blood cells in the greig test in 2 hours, possessed triacylglycerol lipase activity, but had no adhesive properties. by these parameters--atoxigenicity and the absence of adhesive properties--the isolated v. cholerae strains were characterized as avirulen ... | 2004 | 15636129 |
| cholera in mozambique, variant of vibrio cholerae. | 2004 | 16010751 | |
| [comparative evaluation of activity of antibacterial agents in vitro and their efficacy in experimental cholera due to strains of vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 serogroups in albino mice]. | activity of 16 antibacterial agents against human isolates of vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 serogroups (p-5879, 4990, 143/23, and mo-45, p- 16065 respectively) was studied in vitro. the efficacy of the agents was studied in a model of generalized cholera in albino mice. susceptibility of vibrio cholerae p-5879 (used as the control) in the in vitro experiments with respect to the antibacterial agents correlated with their in vivo efficacy. the strains of vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 serogroups isola ... | 2004 | 15945546 |
| evaluation of a rapd-based typing scheme in a molecular epidemiology study of vibrio cholerae o1, brazil. | to evaluate the utility of random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) technique for routine practice in public health laboratories for epidemiological studies of vibrio cholerae o1 isolates. | 2004 | 14962124 |
| expression of cholera toxin under non-aki conditions in vibrio cholerae el tor induced by increasing the exposed surface of cultures. | the regulatory systems controlling expression of the ctxab genes encoding cholera toxin (ct) in the classical and el tor biotypes of pathogenic vibrio cholerae have been characterized and found to be almost identical. notwithstanding this, special in vitro conditions, called aki conditions, are required for el tor bacteria to produce ct. the aki conditions involve biphasic cultures. in phase 1 the organism is grown in a still tube for 4 h. in phase 2 the medium is poured into a flask to continue ... | 2004 | 14973024 |
| vpst is a transcriptional regulator required for expression of vps biosynthesis genes and the development of rugose colonial morphology in vibrio cholerae o1 el tor. | vibrio cholerae switches between smooth and rugose colonial variants. the rugose variant produces more vibrio polysaccharides (vps(el tor)) and forms well-developed biofilms. both phenotypes depend on expression of vps biosynthesis genes. we identified a positive transcriptional regulator of vps gene expression, vpst, which is homologous to response regulators of two-component regulatory systems. disruption of vpst in the rugose variant yields smooth colonies, prevents formation of mature biofil ... | 2004 | 14973043 |
| paneth cell alpha-defensins from rhesus macaque small intestine. | antimicrobial peptides are secreted by small intestinal paneth cells as components of innate immunity. to investigate the role of alpha-defensins in enteric host defenses in nonhuman primates, alpha-defensin cdnas were isolated, alpha-defensin peptides were purified from rhesus macaque small bowel, and the bactericidal activities of the peptides were measured. six rhesus enteric alpha-defensin (red) cdnas, red-1 to red-6, were identified in a jejunum cdna library; the deduced red peptides exhibi ... | 2004 | 14977952 |
| detection of antibodies to toxin-coregulated pili in sera from cholera patients. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were prepared against toxin-coregulated pili (tcp) isolated from vibrio cholerae o1 el tor. despite their limited bactericidal potential, two mabs were able to mediate biotype-specific protection against experimental cholera in infant mice. these mabs were used in immunoblotting studies to assess seroconversion to el tor tcp following cholera. clear anti-pilus responses were observed in five of nine patients. | 2004 | 14977996 |