Publications

molecular evolution of puumala hantavirus in fennoscandia: phylogenetic analysis of strains from two recolonization routes, karelia and denmark.	like other members of the genus hantavirus: in the family bunyaviridae:, puumala virus (puuv) is thought to be co-evolving with its natural host, the bank vole clethrionomys glareolus. to gain insight into the evolutionary history of puuv in northern europe during the last post-glacial period, we have studied wild-type puuv strains originating from areas along two postulated immigration routes of bank voles to fennoscandia. full-length sequences of the s rna segment and partial sequences (nt 216 ...	2000	11086113
nmr spectroscopy based metabonomic studies on the comparative biochemistry of the kidney and urine of the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus), wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus), white toothed shrew (crocidura suaveolens) and the laboratory rat.	the metabolic profiles of three wild mammals that vary in their trophic strategies, the herbivorous bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus), the granivorous wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus), and the insectivorous white-toothed shrew (crocidura suaveolens), were compared with that of a widely used strain of laboratory rat (sprague dawley). in conjunction with nmr spectroscopic investigations into the urine and blood plasma composition for these mammals, high resolution magic angle spinning (hrmas) 1h ...	2000	11126766
s-100 protein immunoreactivity in mammalian testis and epididymis.	the present study deals with immunohistochemical localization of s-100 protein in mouse, bank vole and pine vole testis and epididymis. s-100 protein immunoreactivity was observed in the endothelia of capillaries and lymphatic sinusoids of pine vole testis. a reaction to s-100 protein of the same intensity as that noted in the endothelia of testicular capillaries was found in myoid cells of pine vole and bank vole seminiferous tubules. moreover, a positive reaction to s-100 protein was observed ...	2000	11185720
disease patterns in field and bank vole populations during a cyclic decline in central finland.	declining field vole (microtus agrestis) and bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) populations were sampled (117 field voles and 34 bank voles) in south-central finland during the winter of 1988-89. the last surviving field voles were caught in april and bank voles in february. a subsample (16) of the april field voles were taken live to the laboratory for immunosuppression. the histopathology of the main internal organs and the presence of aerobic bacteria and certain parasites were studied. in t ...	2000	10670697
pcr detection of granulocytic ehrlichiae in ixodes ricinus ticks and wild small mammals in western switzerland.	the presence of granulocytic ehrlichiae was demonstrated by pcr in ixodes ricinus ticks and wild small mammals in switzerland in two areas of endemicity for bovine ehrlichiosis. six ticks (three females and three nymphs) (1.4%) of 417 i. ricinus ticks collected by flagging vegetation contained ehrlichial dna. a total of 201 small mammals from five species, wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus), yellow-necked mouse (apodemus flavicollis), earth vole (pitymys subterraneus), bank vole (clethrionomys gla ...	2000	10698987
serologic evidence of puumala virus infection in wild moose in northern sweden.	puumala (puu) virus is the causative agent of nephropathia epidemica, the scandinavian form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. the infection is acquired by airborne transmission of puu virus from its rodent reservoir, the bank vole. besides serologic data indicating that the virus may spread also to heterologous rodents, there is little information on the susceptibility of wild living animals to puu virus. we studied the occurrence of antibodies to puu virus in serum samples from 427 wild ...	2000	10761733
spatial and temporal dynamics of puumala hantavirus infection in red bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) populations in belgium.	dynamics of hantavirus infection and population densities in rodents were investigated from 1996 to 1999 in southern belgium. evidence of puumala infection was restricted to clethrionomys glareolus. although the serotype was not determined, antibodies against hantavirus were also found in eight apodemus sylvaticus. in fall 1996, the seroprevalence in c. glareolus was high (20.1%, 37 of 184) and the infection was widely distributed in the area studied whereas a focal occurrence of positive rodent ...	2000	10773322
genetic and morphological heterogeneity in small rodent whipworms in southwestern europe: characterization of trichuris muris and description of trichuris arvicolae n. sp. (nematoda: trichuridae).	genetic and morphological variability of whipworms trichuris roederer, 1761 (nematoda: trichuridae), parasites of small rodents in southwestern europe, was studied. isozyme patterns of natural populations of nematodes parasitizing rodent species of the muridae (apodemus sylvaticus, apodemus flavicollis, mus musculus) and arvicolidae (clethrionomys glareolus, microtus agrestis, microtus arvalis) were analyzed at 6 putative loci. two diagnostic loci were found in t. muris from muridae and from arv ...	2000	10864238
[outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with kidney syndrome in egor'ev district of moscow region].	epizootological, serological, and molecular virological analysis of an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in the egoryevsk district of moscow region (september 1995-january 1996) has been carried out. hantavirus (puumala) antigen and virus-specific antibodies were isolated from bank voles captured in the endemic focus. anti-puumala antibodies were detected in the sera of all hfrs patients and in 2% healthy residents of the endemic focus. analysis of nucleotide sequence (rna ...	2000	10971964
a longitudinal study of an endemic disease in its wildlife reservoir: cowpox and wild rodents.	cowpox is an orthopoxvirus infection endemic in european wild rodents, but with a wide host range including human beings. in this longitudinal study we examined cowpox in two wild rodent species, bank voles clethrionomys glareolus and wood mice apodemus sylvaticus, to investigate the dynamics of a virus in its wild reservoir host. trapping was carried out at 4-weekly intervals over 3 years and each animal caught was uniquely identified, blood sampled and tested for antibodies to cowpox. antibody ...	2000	10982080
the occurrence of cryptosporidium parvum and c. muris in wild rodents and insectivores in spain.	five rodent and two insectivore species were investigated for cryptosporidium at seven sites in north-eastern spain. of the 442 animals studied, 82 apodemus sylvaticus, 1 a. flavicollis, 5 mus spretus, 1 rattus rattus, 8 clethrionomys glareolus and 13 crocidura russula were infected with only c. parvum. eleven a. sylvaticus and 2 c. glareolus were infected with only c. muris and 16 a. sylvaticus, 1 m. spretus and 2 c. glareolus showed mixed infections. both cryptosporidial species were found in ...	2000	10996736
role of small mammals in the persistence of louping-ill virus: field survey and tick co-feeding studies.	louping-ill (li) is a tick-borne viral disease of red grouse, lagopus lagopus scoticus lath. (tetraonidae: galliformes), and sheep, ovis aries l. (bovidae: artiodactyla), that causes economic loss to upland farms and sporting estates. unvaccinated sheep, grouse and mountain hares, lepus timidus l. (leporidae: lagomorpha), are known to transmit li virus, whereas red deer, cenrus elaphus l. (cervidae: artiodactyla), and rabbits, oryctolagus cuniculus l. (leporidae: lagomorpha), do not. however, th ...	2000	11016435
a case-control study after a hantavirus infection outbreak in the south of belgium: who is at risk?	puumala is the most common hantavirus serotype in europe and is spread mainly by the red bank vole. between 1 july 1992 and 31 january 1994, an outbreak of puumala virus-induced nephropathia epidemica (ne) occurred in the belgian ardennes. serologically confirmed cases (n = 41) were compared with two groups of asymptomatic seronegative controls. risks identified included sighting of living rodents, exposure to rodent droppings, and trapping rodents during the 4 weeks preceding onset of symptoms. ...	1999	10825047
a new clethrionomys-derived hantavirus from germany: evidence for distinct genetic sublineages of puumala viruses in western europe.	puumala (puu) viruses are the predominant etiologic agents of hantavirus infections in europe. the most important reservoir is the bank vole, clethrionomys glareolus (cg), belonging to the subfamily arvicolinae of the muridae family. here we report on the molecular characterization of the first rodent-derived sequence (puu/cg-erft) from germany. comparison of the s and m segment coding regions revealed 92.5 and 92.8% identity, respectively, with puu/h-9013, a human isolate from france. however, ...	1999	10475080
nephropathia epidemica and puumala virus in austria.	to study the epidemiology of hantavirus infections in austria, 1215 humans and 596 rodents of different species were tested for the presence of antibodies against puumala and hantaan virus. direct virus identification by polymerase chain reaction in lung tissue of serologically positive rodents was performed to verify antibody results and to determine the genetic identity of viral rna by phylogenetic analysis of a part of the hantavirus m segment. for 32 of the 37 cases of nephropathia epidemica ...	1999	10482022
borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks and rodents in a recreational park in south-western ireland.	ixodes ricinus ticks infected with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato were numerous on the edges of paths and roads in a recreational park in south-western ireland. the abundance of ticks at different sites was related to the presence of deer, but a negative relationship was shown between tick abundance and tick infection rates. this is thought to be due to the deposition of large numbers of uninfected ticks by deer, which are apparently not good reservoir hosts of b. burgdorferi s.l. blood meal an ...	1999	10581711
aspects of mammalian spermatogenesis: electrophoretical analysis of protamines in mammalian species.	protamines are small, highly basic proteins that replace histones and testicular basic proteins during the development of mature spermatozoa, spermatogenesis. in mammals, extensive disulfide crosslinking of protamines result in the formation of a compact chromatin structure devoid of transcriptional activity. as determined by isolation and electrophoresis of protamines, only one protamine has been detected in the mature spermatozoa of most mammalian species. however, in the spermatozoa of the mo ...	1999	10597046
emmonsiosis of wild rodents and insectivores in czechland.	adiaspores of the fungus emmonsia crescens were detected microscopically in the lung tissue of 13% of 10.081 small mammals belonging to 24 species examined in 14 areas of the czech republic between 1986 and 1997; 441/1.934 (23%) clethrionomys glareolus, 1/6 (17%) arvicola terrestris, 357/2.172 (16%) apodemus flavicollis, 220/1.981 (11%). a sylvaticus, 23/265 (9%) a. microps, 11/81 (14%) microtus subterraneus, 93/1.275 (7%) m. arvalis, 98/1.439 (7%) m. agrestis, 1/3 (33%) ondatra zibethicus, 1/1 ...	1999	10231750
mosaic pattern of borrelia infection in a continuous population of the tick ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae).	an array of 12 20 x 20 m quadrats in a mixed forest near poteply, central bohemia, czech republic, was investigated for the abundance and spatial distribution of host-questing ixodes ricinus nymphs and their infection with borreliae. tick densities were estimated by flagging and their borrelia infection status was determined by direct immunofluorescence. while the tick population appeared to be continuous and homogeneous based on quadrat counts, their infection with borreliae evinced a mosaic pa ...	1999	10399308
new chimaeric hepatitis b virus core particles carrying hantavirus (serotype puumala) epitopes: immunogenicity and protection against virus challenge.	virus-like particles generated by the heterologous expression of virus structural proteins are able to potentiate the immunogenicity of foreign epitopes presented on their surface. in recent years epitopes of various origin have been inserted into the core antigen of hepatitis b virus (hbv) allowing the formation of chimaeric hbv core particles. chimaeric core particles carrying the 45 n-terminal amino acids of the puumala hantavirus nucleocapsid protein induced protective immunity in bank voles ...	1999	10486924
analysis of puumala hantavirus genome in patients with nephropathia epidemica and rodent carriers from the sites of infection.	reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) followed by sequence and phylogenetic analyses were used to study specimens from nine finnish nephropathia epidemica (ne) patients admitted to hospital during the epidemic in winter 1996-1997. blood samples from six patients were found to be positive for the partial m- and/or s-segment sequences of puumala hantavirus (puuv). analyses of these sequences (nt 2168-2610 for the m segment, and nt 819-1082 for the s segment) revealed six distinc ...	1999	10502274
[hantavirus infections in belgium].	hantavirus disease is a recently recognised zoonosis. the main vectors are infected but healthy wild rodents or laboratory rats. transmission to man occurs via contact with, or inhalation of aerosolised excretions. the target organs in man are the kidney (old world) or the lung (new world), probably via a local hyperproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. to date, more than 33 different hantaviruses have been characterised, at least 14 of them being of clinical importance. each serotype has it ...	1999	10655777
[an epidemiological analysis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome morbidity in the republic of bashkortostan in 1997].	the outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in the republic of bashkortostan, resulting in 10,057 registered cases of the disease (287 cases per 100,000 of the population), was analyzed. hfrs cases among the population were registered in 52 out of 54 regions of bashkortostan. 31% of the total number of patients were the inhabitants of rural regions (170 cases per 100,000) and 69% were urban dwellers (295 cases per 100,000), mainly in ufa (512 cases per 100,000). hfrs morbidity a ...	1999	10876849
dynamics of puumala hantavirus infection in naturally infected bank voles (clethrinomys glareolus).	specific features of hantavirus infection in bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) were studied in the endemic area of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in the foothills of the ural mountains, using long-term observations on living animals by the capture-mark-recapture (cmr) method. the results demonstrated that the infection naturally circulating in the voles is chronic (lasting for up to 15 months) and asymptomatic, with a peak of puumala virus accumulation and release from the organi ...	1999	10664394
a new picornavirus isolated from bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus).	a previously unknown picornavirus was isolated from bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus). electron microscopy images and sequence data of the prototype isolate, named ljungan virus, showed that it is a picornavirus. the amino acid sequences of predicted ljungan virus capsid proteins vp2 and vp3 were closely related to the human pathogen echovirus 22 (approximately 70% similarity). a partial 5' noncoding region sequence of ljungan virus showed the highest degree of relatedness to cardioviruses. t ...	1999	10049824
transmission dynamics of a zoonotic pathogen within and between wildlife host species.	the transmission dynamics of the cowpox virus infection have been quantified in two mixed populations of bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) and wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus), through analyses of detailed time-series of the numbers of susceptible, infectious and newly infected individuals. the cowpox virus is a zoonosis which circulates in these rodent hosts and has been shown to have an adverse effect on reproductive output. the transmission dynamics within species is best described as frequ ...	1999	10584336
cowpox: reservoir hosts and geographic range.	it is generally accepted that the reservoir hosts of cowpox virus are wild rodents, although direct evidence for this is lacking for much of the virus's geographic range. here, through a combination of serology and pcr, we demonstrate conclusively that the main hosts in great britain are bank voles, wood mice and short-tailed field voles. however, we also suggest that wood mice may not be able to maintain infection alone, explaining the absence of cowpox from ireland where voles are generally no ...	1999	10459650
the effect of testicular macrophages, macrophage-conditioned medium and interleukin-1alpha on the cytoskeleton of bank vole leydig cells.	recently, morphological and functional interactions between cytoskeletal elements and their involvement in cell movements, shape changes and/or translocation of organelles have been intensively studied. thus, the aim of our work was to determine whether testicular macrophages and/or their products have an influence on leydig cell cytoskeleton. the source of leydig cells and macrophages were male bank voles from spring and autumn generations, reared in different regime of light for 7-8 weeks. the ...	1999	10482039
[dna-protein cross-links in leukocytes of the field mouse (apodemus agrarius) and the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) dwelling in the territory of a radioactive waste storage station].	dna-protein cross-links in white blood cells of apodemus agrarius and clethrionomys glareolus dwelling in the territory of the guarded zone of the radioactive waste storage in sergievo posad (area with gamma-background 50-400 micror/h) have been determined. as a control the animals from sanitary protected area of sergievo posadsky department (gamma-background on the soil surface is 8-10 micror/h) was used. it was found that the doses received by apodemus agrarius and clethrionomys glareolus, res ...	1999	10542876
epidemiological study of nephropathia epidemica in finland 1989-96.	this study presents data on 33,000 serum samples studied from july 1989 to june 1996 in finland, with 6,701 serologically confirmed puumala virus (puu) infections. in addition, a puu serosurvey of 8,000 sera from finland is presented. on average, 957 puu infections were detected annually, resulting in an incidence of 19/100,000; mortality was less than 0.1%. the infection was most common in the district of ita-savo with an incidence of 90/100,000. the seasonal peak was in november-december; howe ...	1999	10576121
puumala virus infections in finland: increased occupational risk for farmers.	puumala hantavirus, transmitted by bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus), causes a mild-type hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. the disease is common in finland and is considered an occupational hazard for farmers, but the actual risk has not been assessed by analytical studies. data on 5,132 serologically confirmed puumala virus infections during 1989-1994 were analyzed, and cases among farmers and the population living in similar conditions were compared. the farmers contracted the disease ...	1999	10369509
crest staining of micronuclei from free-living rodents to detect environmental contamination in situ.	in this work immunofluorescent antikinetochore (crest) staining was used to analyse bone marrow micronuclei (mn) from free-living animals belonging to four different rodent species. yellow-necked mice (apodemus flavicollis) and bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) were trapped in the czech republic, algerian mice (mus spretus) in spain and house mice (mus musculus domesticus) in italy. animals were collected in areas displaying low or high environmental pollution in order to investigate the sens ...	1999	10390506
immunocytochemical study of parafollicular (c) cells of the thyroid in some wild rodents.	studies were done on 3 wild species of rodents: field voles (microtus agrestis, linnaeus 1761), bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus, schreber 1780), and forest mice (apodemus flavicollis, melchior 1834). immunocytochemical reactions were used to detect calcitonin (ct), calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), neuron-specific enolase (nse), chromogranin a (cga) in the thyroid parafollicular (c) cells in all species examined. antisera to human ct, rat cgrp, bovine cga, rat nse and human nse give pr ...	1999	10332521
babesia divergens in france: descriptive and analytical epidemiology.	babesia divergens cause of bovine babesiosis transmitted by ixodes ricinus, is widely spread especially in west, central and south-west parts of france. it occurs with two annual peaks, in spring and autumn. the study was carried out during a period of two years (1991-1993) in four farms in the sarthe area, in order to know the distribution and the ecology of i. ricinus, and to show the presence of b. divergens. cattle are parasitised as early as march essentially by adult ticks, according to a ...	1999	11071546
[radiosensitivity of bank voles living in various geographical regions of the european portion of the ussr].		1999	144293
genetic variation in amount of salivary amylase in the bank vole, clethrionomys glareola.	several investigated bank vole populations are polymorphis for the number of salivary amylase loci, and individual chromosomes may carry one, two or three linked amylase structural genes. in the present study, we have used bank vole stocks homozygous for different chromosomes to investigate the relationship between amylase production and gene number. by measuring the amylase activity in parotid glands and the percentage of amylase protein in saliva, we have been able to demonstrate that the amou ...	1999	94023
seasonal variation in dietary and body organ arsenic concentrations in wood mice apodemus sylvaticus and bank voles clethrionomys glareolus.		1999	10541674
biomonitoring of contaminated mine tailings through age accumulation of trace metals in the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus).	lead, zinc and cadmium were determined in a range of tissues from laboratory-bred bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) exposed to elevated levels of dietary zinc (124 micrograms g-1). the pelletised diet was derived from vegetation harvested from the surface of a revegetated tailings dam at a modern zn-pb mine. exposure regimes to the contaminated diet were 16, 32, 64, 128 or 256 days. elevated levels of dietary zinc were not reflected in the individual tissue or total body concentrations. margi ...	1999	11529106
the effect of testicular macrophages, macrophage-conditioned medium and interleukin-1alpha on bank vole leydig cell steroidogenesis.	it has already been accepted that the function and activity of the testis is regulated not only by gonadotrophins, but also by many locally produced factors and by cell-cell interactions. that is why the aim of our work was to determine whether macrophages and/or their products have an influence on leydig cell steroidogenic activity. the source of leydig cells and macrophages were male bank voles of spring and autumn generations, reared in 18 light:6 dark or 6 light:18 dark (18l:6d or 6l:18d) co ...	1999	10433066
immunolocalization of androgen receptors in testicular cells during postnatal development of the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus, s.).	determination of the cellular distribution of the androgen receptors within the testis is of great importance for an understanding of their essential role in mediating of androgen action in the male gonad. in bank voles, which are seasonally breeding rodents, photoperiod is one of the most important factors inducing profound changes in the morphology and hormonal activity of the testes. immunolocalization of androgen receptors was found in all somatic cells such as sertoli cells, leydig cells, a ...	1999	10669935
sex and age-specific differences in ultraviolet reflectance of scent marks of bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus).	scent markings of voles are visible via their ultraviolet reflection. kestrels, and possibly other diurnal raptors, may use this property when hunting. we performed a laboratory study on bank voles to determine whether uv-reflectance of scent marks differs in relation to sex, age and social status. when reflectance spectra of scent marks were measured with a spectro-radiometer, we found uv reflectance to be strongest in mature males. there were no differences between mature females and immature ...	1999	10633557
[structure of bank vole population cycles].		1999	10613260
maternal effort and male quality in the bank vole, clethrionomys glareolus.	parental investment in reproduction is adjusted according to potential benefits in terms of offspring survival and/or mating success. if male quality affects the reproductive success of a female, then females mating with high-quality males should invest more in reproduction. although the subject has been of general interest, further experimental verification of the hypothesis is needed. we studied whether female bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) adjusted their maternal effort according to mal ...	1999	10457618
immunolocalization of aromatase and estrogen receptors in bank vole leydig cells.		1999	10352972
subcellular distribution of metallothionein and cadmium in the liver and kidneys of bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) exposed to dietary cadmium.	metallothionein (mt) and cadmium (cd) contents were determined in the subcellular fractions of the liver and kidneys of bank voles exposed for 6 weeks to elevated levels of dietary cd-40 and 80 micrograms g-1 dry weight. hepatic and renal mt was detected exclusively in the cytosol, while cd was found in the cytosol (73-79% of the total content), nuclei (14-18%) and particulates (4-9%). the concentration of mt in the cytosol as well as cd content in the particular subcellular fractions appeared t ...	1999	10406086
granulated metrial gland cells and interstitial trophoblast in the uterine wall of the bank vole, clethrionomys glareolus, in early pregnancy.	the morphology and distribution of granulated metrial gland cells and of interstitial trophoblast cells in the uterine wall was studied in the first half of pregnancy in the bank vole, clethrionomys glareolus. the morphology and distribution of granulated metrial gland cells was generally similar to that found in other members of the rodentia, although they were absent from the walls of the arterial vessels passing through the decidua basalis. interstitial trophoblast invaded the decidualising e ...	1999	10337962
a stereotaxic atlas of the forebrain of the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus).	in this article part of the forebrain of the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) is presented in stereotaxic coordinates. the stereotaxic procedure was performed as follows. with the vole's head mounted in a stereotaxic adaptor, internal reference tracks were made with a 0.5-mm diameter microdialysis cannula and india ink, 2 mm in front and 2.6 mm behind the skull landmark bregma. brains were fixed for 72 h in 4% commercial formaldehyde in sodiumcacodylate buffer containing 1% cacl2. to determin ...	1999	10386835
[presence in the eastern part of the spanish pyrenees of amphipsylla sibirica sepifera jordan and rothschild, 1920 (siphonaptera: ceratophyllidae: amphipsyllinae)].	the detection of two males and one female of amphipsylla sibirica sepifera on three clethrionomys glareolus is pointed out. the rodents were taken in alt aneu and espot, two towns of lerida (a spanish province). the finding of this flea species on spanish pyrenees increases to the west its geographical distribution and adds one new species to the iberian flea fauna.	1999	10229941
offspring growth, survival and reproductive success in the bank vole: a litter size manipulation experiment.	to estimate the optimality of brood size, it is essential to study the effects of brood size manipulation on offspring survival and reproductive success. moreover, testing the generality of the hypothesis of reproductive costs requires experimental data from a diversity of organisms. here i present data on the growth, survival and reproductive success of bank vole clethrionomys glareolus individuals from manipulated litters. furthermore, the survival of mothers whose litter size was manipulated ...	1998	28308430
heritabilities of dominance-related traits in male bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus).	a number of studies have shown that in several animal species females prefer dominant males as mating partners, but fewer attempts have been made to measure possible indirect benefits of this choice. one reason for this may be that, even though dominance is a widely used concept, the definition of dominance still remains controversial furthermore, defining and measuring the heritability of social behaviors is problematic because they are not individual traits but, by definition, involve interact ...	1998	28565250
female bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) recognition: preference for the stud male.	pregnant and nursing bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) females were investigated for their ability to recognize their mated male on the basis of chemical cues. in a two-choice test pregnant females showed a strong preference, manifested by higher frequency of sniffs and time spent sniffing, to the odour of a stud male over that of unfamiliar male, but only during the days after insemination and around implantation. as gestation proceeds females exhibited no affinity for either of these two kin ...	1998	24896009
ultrastructure of the spermatozoon of the bank vole tapeworm, paranoplocephala omphalodes (cestoda, cyclophyllidea, anoplocephalidae).	the mature paranoplocephala omphalodes spermatozoon is filiform, tapered at both ends and lacks mitochondria. its anterior extremity exhibits an apical cone of electron-dense material measuring about 900 nm in length and 200 nm in width, and two crested-like bodies. the cortical microtubules follow a 25-35 degrees helicoidal path along their whole length, except at the posterior extremity where they become parallel to the spermatozoon axis. they are arranged in a single or two fields which may c ...	1998	9521014
high population density in bank voles stimulates food hoarding after breeding.	the effects of conspecific density (i.e. risk of intraspecific competition) on hoarding behaviour were studied in breeding pairs of bank voles, clethrionomys glareolus. i simulated high population density by using odours of conspecifics, to exclude the direct effects of exploitation or interference competition for food. the pairs of bank voles hoarded only at the end of their breeding season. hoarding was not correlated with whether the voles had a litter during the experiment or their litter si ...	1998	9641993
the thyroid gland brown adipose tissue of forest mice and bank voles over the annual cycle.	examinations were carried out in the białowieza national park during 4 consecutive years on 295 bank voles and 265 forest mice caught in february, april, june, july, october and december. the examination material was fixed in the fluids of bouin, carnoy, hell and lison-vokaer; 6 microns paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, gallacyanin and by the azan methods according to heidenhain. brown adipose tissue (bat) together with thyroid was fixed in 10% formalin and sliced frozen for ...	1998	9835173
density-dependent life histories in female bank voles from fluctuating populations.	using long-term data sets from two lowland floodplain forest bank vole populations in central europe, we tested two predictions that with increasing densities: (i) proportions of nonparous females in winter populations would increase; and (ii) age of both nonparous and parous females would increase. these two predictions follow from the assumption that changes in age structure are driven by density-dependent shifts in age at first reproduction. both populations were sampled by snap trapping betw ...	1998	26412367
bank voles in linear habitats show restricted gene flow as revealed by mitochondrial dna (mtdna).	genetic structure of bank vole populations in linear river bank habitat in southeast norway was determined from analyses of dna sequences for the mitochondrial d-loop. animals were sampled at sites separated by 1 km, along two forested river banks separated by approximately 100 m of open water. twenty-six distinct haplotypes were found among 120 voles. the voles showed significant deviation from panmixis on both sides of the river. animals from the same site or from sites 1 km apart were more li ...	1998	9787447
accumulation of cadmium in and its effect on bank vole tissues after chronic exposure.	cadmium is one of many metals that are not physiologically or biochemically essential to organisms. this element is extremely dangerous as it is easily absorbed and remains in tissues for a long time. long exposure to high doses of cadmium may cause biochemical and functional changes in some critical organs. in this study, wheat grains contaminated with cadmium chloride were used to test the influence of cadmium on male bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus). doses used in the experiment were envi ...	1998	9756701
[hippocampus mass dynamics and spatial behavior feature in annual cycle of bank voles].		1998	9719892
hormonal and photoperiodic modulation of testicular mrnas coding for inhibin/activin subunits and follistatin in clethrionomys glareolus, schreber.	photoperiodic and hormonal modulation of mrnas for testicular inhibin/activin subunits and follistatin were studied in a seasonally breeding rodent, the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus). photoperiod-induced testicular regression had no effect on the relatively low steady-state levels of follistatin mrna. inhibin alpha (i alpha) and beta b (i beta b) mrna levels were significantly higher in regressed than in active gonads, but inhibin beta a was undetectable. the effect of gonadotropin adminis ...	1998	9658594
hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase of clethrionomys glareolus schreber as a bioindicator of pollution.		1998	10909822
does avian predation risk depress reproduction of voles?	reproductive output and the growth of captive voles were quantified under high and low avian predation risk in a semi-natural experiment. voles were exposed to eurasian kestrels (falco tinnunculus), the main avian predator of vole species studied (clethrionomys glareolus, microtus agrestis and m. rossiaemeridionalis). vole pairs were housed in cages settled under nest-boxes occupied by breeding kestrels or in control cages settled under empty nest-boxes for 2 weeks. the experiment was conducted ...	1998	28308445
dissociation between mk-801- and captivity-induced stereotypies in bank voles.	pharmacologically induced stereotypies (phis) following dopamine agonists and, more recently, the non-competitive nmda antagonist dizocilpine (mk-801), are used to study human psychopathology and for screening potential neuroleptic drugs. on the other hand, bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) spontaneously develop stereotyped jumping in barren cages, already before the age of 1 month (= captivity-induced stereotypies or cis). large interindividual differences in the level of jumping exist. in t ...	1998	9682997
small mammal populations and community under conditions of extremely high thallium contamination in the environment.	studies were carried out in the vicinity of a zinc smelter in southern poland, 50 km northwest of krakow, where the previous measurements with another bioindication method revealed huge thallium levels in the environment. the mammals (106 individuals in total) were captured in four wooded areas situated 1.5 to 2.5 km in various directions from the plant and in two reference sites, located far from industrial emission sources. very high tl levels were found in livers and kidneys of all mammals ex ...	1998	9756683
[features of the parasitic system of ixodid ticks--borrelia--small mammals in the russian northwest].	mammals and ticks was collected in 1995-1997 years in novgorod region from may to september. traps were exposed during 5 consecutive days every month in 4 different biotopes. 928 hosts were captured during three years. 357 larvae and 59 nymphs of ixodes persulcatus, 356 larvae and 71 nymphs of i. trianguliceps were collected. the clethrionomys glareolus and sorex araneus are main hosts of larvae of i. persulcatus and i. trianguliceps. c. glareolus feed 76.2% of i. persulcatus larvae and 25% of i ...	1998	9859127
[biological effects in natural populations of small rodents in radiation-polluted territories. description of sites. dynamics of concentration of gamma-emitting radionuclides in populations of two species of small mammals].	it has been revealed that dynamics of gamma-emitting radionuclide concentration in consecutive generations of two species of wild rodents (european bank vole and yellow-necked mouse) is characterised by the phases of an increase, a maximum content (peaks) and a decrease over 10 years after the chernobyl accident. the peaks of specific activity of gamma-emitting radionuclides in populations in the areas with different densities of radio-contamination falls not on the first year but on the next on ...	1998	9876497
[influence of radioactive pollution on the character of the distribution of wild mouselike rodents according to the measure of lipid antioxidant activity in their organs].	the estimation of the degree of the radioactive contamination effect on the antioxidative status in tissues of rodents from natural populations is done by means of biometric methods. it is shown, that the character of distribution and variability of the lipids antioxidant activity (aoa) differs significantly depending of species and age of animals, the degree of contamination on areas where wild rodents were caught and time during which the radioactive factor affected. the change in character of ...	1998	9889789
isolation and characterization of puumala hantavirus from norway: evidence for a distinct phylogenetic sublineage.	puumala (puu) hantavirus is the aetiological agent of nephropathia epidemica (ne), a mild form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, which occurs in fennoscandia, central europe and russia. in norway, ne-like disease has been reported since 1946 and about 50 cases are diagnosed annually; however, the causative agent has not been characterized. in this study, a virus originating from bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) trapped near the town of eidsvoll (akershus county) was isolated and pas ...	1998	9820135
a minority of seropositive wild bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) show evidence of current puumala virus infection.	bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) serve as the reservoir for puumala (puu) virus, the aetiologic agent of nephropathia epidemica. the animals are believed to be persistently infected and the occurrence of serum antibodies is usually taken as an evidence of active infection. we found serum antibodies to puu virus in 42 of 299 wild bank voles captured in a puu virus endemic area. puu virus rna was demonstrated in lung specimens of 11 of these 42 animals and in 2 of them antigen was also found. ...	1998	9825795
serosurvey for orthopoxviruses in rodents and shrews from norway.	two hundred and twenty one blood samples representing eight different rodent species and the common shrew (sorex araneus), collected in norway between 1993 and 1995, were examined for anti-orthopoxvirus antibodies by a competition enzyme linked imunnosorbent assay (elisa) and, when possible, an indirect immunofluorescence assay. the serological results indicated that the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus), woodmouse (apodemus sylvaticus) and norway lemming (lemmus lemmus) may be reservoir speci ...	1998	9577770
chimaeric hbv core particles carrying a defined segment of puumala hantavirus nucleocapsid protein evoke protective immunity in an animal model.	hantaviruses are rodent-born agents which are pathogenic in humans causing haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. to induce a protective immunity against a european hantavirus (puumala) we constructed chimaeric hepatitis b virus (hbv) core particles carrying defined fragments of the puumala virus nucleocapsid protein. after immunisation of bank voles, the natural host of puumala virus, with core particles possessing an insertion of the n-terminal part of puumala ...	1998	9607042
infectivity of cryptosporidium muris isolated from cattle.	the infectivity of a bovine isolate of cryptosporidium muris for various animals was studied by transmission experiments. neonatal balb/c mice, adult balb/c mice, scid mice, common voles (microtus arvalis), bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus), common field mice (apodemus sylvaticus), mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus), desert gerbils (gerbilus gerbilus), guinea pigs, rats, rabbits and goats were used to test the infectivity of this isolate. among these host species, only mongolian gerbil ...	1998	9615952
prevalence of antibodies specific to puumala virus among farmers in sweden.	the puumala virus is the causative agent of nephropathia epidemica, a european form of hemorrhagic fever with a renal syndrome. from its reservoir in bank voles, the virus is spread by airborne transmission to humans. occupational risks for the acquisition of nephropathia epidemica are not well defined. the prevalence of serum antibodies to puumala virus was determined for swedish farmers. from a comparison of the prevalence among farmers from various parts of the country, the assumption that pu ...	1998	9630057
naturally occurring orthopoxviruses: potential for recombination with vaccine vectors.	orthopoxviruses are being increasingly used as live recombinant vectors for vaccination against numerous infectious diseases in humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. for risk assessments and surveillance, information about the occurrence, distribution and ecology of orthopoxviruses in western europe is important but has mainly been based on serological investigations. we have examined kidneys, lungs, spleens, and livers of norwegian small rodents and common shrews (sorex araneus) for the prese ...	1998	9705389
[estimation of the cytogenetic homeostasis in natural populations of small murine rodents from the lower (astrakhan') and middle (chapaevsk) volga regions].	frequencies of chromosomal aberrations were estimated in the bone marrow of two background small rodent species, the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) and the house mouse (mus musculus) from the middle (chapaevsk, samarskaya oblast) and lower (astrakhanskaya oblast) volga regions. the majority of chromosomal aberrations were chromatid deletions. in the studied species, cytogenetic disturbances were most prevalent in areas where the anthropogenic environmental pollution was maximum. the lowest ...	1997	9480223
[relation between characteristics of the small mammal population and occurrence of leptospira antibodies].	five rodent species (apodemus flavicollis, a. agrarius, a. microps, clethrionomys glareolus and microtus arvalis) were examined serologically for presence of antibodies to leptospira. small mammals were caught in several areas of eastern slovakia, an important part of host material coming from east slovakian lowland (45.7%), south part of kosice basin (26.5%) and slovak carst (10.1%). serological examinations were used by kmety and bakoss (1978), the sexual condition of rodents were ascertained ...	1997	9481926
a major antigenic domain of hantaviruses is located on the aminoproximal site of the viral nucleocapsid protein.	hantavirus nucleocapsid protein has recently been shown to be an immunodominant antigen in hemorrhagic with renal syndrome (hfrs) inducing an early and long-lasting immune response. recombinant proteins representing various regions of the nucleocapsid proteins as well as segments of the g1 and the g2 glycoproteins of hantavirus strains cg18-20 (puumala serotype) and hantaan 76-118 have been expressed in e. coli. the antigenicity of these proteins was tested in enzyme immunoassays and immunoblots ...	1997	9208453
high prevalence of hantavirus antibodies in bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) captured in the vicinity of households afflicted with nephropathia epidemica.	puumala virus, the causative agent of nephropathia epidemica (ne), occurs endemically in europe and is spread mainly by the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus). in the vicinity of each of four households afflicted with ne, we studied rodents with regard to population density and prevalence of puumala virus-specific antibodies. for each case area, a control area was randomly selected 10 km away, without regard to the presence of human settlement. during 6,000 trap nights, 328 rodents were caught, ...	1997	9230802
the effect of cowpox virus infection on fecundity in bank voles and wood mice.	although epidemic infectious diseases are a recognized cause of changes in host population dynamics, there is little direct evidence for the effect of endemic infections on populations. cowpox virus is an orthopoxvirus which is endemic in bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus), wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) and field voles (microtus agrestis) in great britain. it does not cause obvious signs of disease nor does it affect survival, but in this study we demonstrate experimentally that it can reduc ...	1997	9364786
cowpox in british voles and mice.	serosurveys indicate that bank voles, field voles and woodmice are probably reservoir hosts of cowpox virus in western europe, although virus has not yet been isolated from these species. in this study, bank voles, field voles, woodmice and laboratory mice were shown to be susceptible to combined intradermal and subcutaneous inoculation with 3-20 plaque-forming units (pfu) of cowpox virus. bank and field voles, but not laboratory mice, were also susceptible to combined oral and nasal inoculation ...	1997	9076598
puumala hantavirus genome in patients with nephropathia epidemica: correlation of pcr positivity with hla haplotype and link to viral sequences in local rodents.	reverse transcription-pcr was used to analyze specimens from 20 finnish nephropathia epidemica (ne) patients hospitalized during the period from october 1994 to january 1995. blood and/or urine sediment specimens from seven patients were found to be positive for the genome sequences of puumala hantavirus (puu). pcr positivity of the specimens from the patients correlated well with the hla-drb1*0301 and hla b8 alleles, which previously were shown to associate with severe courses of ne. genetic an ...	1997	9114386
[further study of hantavirus circulation in the russian federation].	lung specimens of 1514 small mammals of 35 species captured in 1991-1995 at 9 territories of russia were tested in elisa for virus antigens of hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome (hfrs). the antigens were detected in lung specimens of clethrionomys glareolus, microtus arvalis, microtus gregalis, microtus fortis, arvicola terrestris, apodemus agrarius, micromys minutus, and sorex sp., well known as hantavirus reservoirs, captured in the vologda, yaroslavl, saratov, astrakhan, and chita regi ...	1997	9182404
the prevalence of cryptosporidium parvum and c. muris in mus domesticus, apodemus sylvaticus and clethrionomys glareolus in an agricultural system.	wild mice and voles were tested for cryptosporidium during a 2-year survey at an agricultural site in warwickshire, united kingdom. c. parvum and c. muris, the two cryptosporidial species known to infect mammals, were detected. prevalence figures of 22%, 21% and 13% noted for c. parvum for mus domesticus, apodemus sylvaticus and clethrionomys glareolus, respectively, were higher than those recorded for c. muris at 10%, 6% and 2%. c. parvum causes the sometimes severe diarrhoeal disease cryptospo ...	1997	9197396
single amino acid substitutions in puumala virus envelope glycoproteins g1 and g2 eliminate important neutralization epitopes.	two monoclonal antibody escape virus mutants (mars), rescued from a human mab to glycoprotein 2 (g2) and a bank vole monoclonal antibody (mab) directed to glycoprotein 1 (g1) of puumala virus, strain sotkamo, were produced by using a combination of neutralization tests and antigen detection. the mars and the original virus were analyzed by nucleotide sequencing and the responsible mutations were defined and characterized. the g1 mutation was found to constitute an a to t nucleotide substitution, ...	1997	9140197
investigations of pneumocystosis among humans and rodents in lithuania.	pneumocystosis (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia) is a parasitic disease which in lithuania used to be diagnosed only with the use of pathohistological methods. the aim of our study was to determine prevalence of p. carinii antibodies among children and women, using immunochemical method (elisa) and to find out which groups of patients have higher antibody titres. we also addressed the question of infection with p. carinii among rodents. after investigating 9 species of rodents it was found that m ...	1997	9259608
the impact of chronic radioactive stress on the immuno-physiological condition of small mammals.	the mass of internal organs and cellularity index of thymus and spleen were measured in small mammals inhabiting territories with a low level of chronic irradiation caused by the chernobyl accident. comparing with uncontaminated territories from the same region, bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) demonstrated an increase in liver and thymus mass and cellularity index of thymus, while sub-adult shrews (sorex araneus) at contaminated territories had larger body mass, heavier spleen, kidney, and ...	1997	9281840
tick-borne encephalitis virus transmission between ticks cofeeding on specific immune natural rodent hosts.	to determine whether the portion of a vertebrate host population having specific immunity to tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus can participate in the tbe virus transmission cycle, natural hosts immunized against tbe virus were challenged with infected and uninfected ticks. yellow-necked field mice (apodemus flavicollis) and bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) were either immunized with tbe virus by subcutaneous inoculation of the virus, or they were exposed to virus-infected ixodes ricinus ti ...	1997	9300045
puumala virus and two genetic variants of tula virus are present in austrian rodents.	puumala and tula viruses are hantaviruses found in europe and are associated with the rodents clethrionomys glareolus and microtus arvalis, respectively. puumala virus is associated with the human disease nephropathia epidemica. in austria, ten clinically diagnosed cases of nephropathia epidemica, presumably caused by puumala virus infection, have been reported but not virologically confirmed [leschinskaya et al., 1991; aberle et al., 1996]. to identify the hantaviruses that are present in austr ...	1997	9334930
spontaneous and radiation-induced micronuclei in erythrocytes from four species of wild rodents: a comparison with cba mice.	almost 100 animals of 4 different species of small wild rodents (bank vole, clethrionomys glareolus; field vole, microtus agrestis; yellow-necked mouse, apodemus flavicollis; and wood mouse, apodemus sylvaticus) were trapped in central sweden and used in experiments to determine the spontaneous and radiation-induced frequencies of polychromatic (fmpce) and normochromatic erythrocytes (fmnce) from bone marrow (bm) and peripheral blood (pb) using flow cytometric analysis. the results were compared ...	1997	9357562
cell culture adaptation of puumala hantavirus changes the infectivity for its natural reservoir, clethrionomys glareolus, and leads to accumulation of mutants with altered genomic rna s segment.	this paper reports the establishment of a model for hantavirus host adaptation. wild-type (wt) (bank vole-passaged) and vero e6 cell-cultured variants of puumala virus strain kazan were analyzed for their virologic and genetic properties. the wt variant was well adapted for reproduction in bank voles but not in cell culture, while the vero e6 strains replicated to much higher efficiency in cell culture but did not reproducibly infect bank voles. comparison of the consensus sequences of the respe ...	1997	9371614
infestation of mammals by ixodes ricinus ticks (acari: ixodidae) in south-central sweden.	infestation by ixodes ricinus ticks on rodents, hares and cervids was examined at bogesund, 10 km north of stockholm, in south-central sweden during 1991-1994 and on varying hares (lepus timidus) at stora karlsö and gotska sandön in the baltic sea during 1992-1993. at bogesund, there were great differences between two consecutive years in the number of i. ricinus larvae infesting bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus). the seasonal pattern of infestation by i. ricinus larvae and nymphs on bank vol ...	1997	9423270
the hantaviruses of europe: from the bedside to the bench.	in europe, hantavirus disease can hardly be called an emerging zoonosis; it is rather a rediscovered disease. since 1934 an epidemic condition with primarily renal involvement has been described in sweden. nowadays, hundreds to thousands of cases per year are registered in fennoscandia, fluctuating with the numbers of the specific arvicoline-rodent reservoir, the red bank vole, which carries the main european serotype, puumala (puu). in the early 1980s, the rat-transmitted serotype, seoul (seo), ...	1997	9204306
population growth and habitat distribution in cyclic small rodents: to expand or to change?	habitat selection determined by intraspecific interactions (social behaviour), being either free or despotic, should result in the largest densities in the most favourable habitat at least in late increase and decline phases of cyclic populations. habitat distribution determined by interspecific effects such as herbivore-plant or predator-prey interactions may result in higher densities in inferior habitats at late peaks and/or declines due to overgrazing of preferred habitats, or invasion of su ...	1997	28307483
isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from apodemus flavicollis (rodentia, muridae) and clethrionomys glareolus (rodentia, cricetidae).		1997	9200832
lack of concordance between mtdna gene flow and population density fluctuations in the bank vole.	the genetic structure of bank voles clethrionomys glareolus was determined from analyses of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) sequences, and compared with previous data on geographical synchrony in population density fluctuations. from 31 sample sites evenly spaced out along a 256-km transect in se norway a total of 39 distinct mtdna haplotypes were found. the geographical distribution of the haplotypes was significantly non-random, and a cladistic analysis of the evolutionary relationship among haploty ...	1997	9262013
effect of apomorphine on the conflict-induced jumping stereotypy in bank voles.	in conventional laboratory cages, bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) develop a jumping up-and-down stereotypy already before the age of one month. central da systems are thought to be involved in the expression of these conflict-induced stereotypies (cis). stereotypies can also be elicited pharmacologically, most commonly by amphetamine and apomorphine. hence, administration of apomorphine to jumping bank voles provides the opportunity to compare pharmacologically-induced stereotypies (phis) a ...	1997	9259017
male rank and female choice in the bank vole, clethrionomys glareolus.	this study aims to determine whether bank vole females selectively prefer the odour of a dominant male over that of a subordinate. the dominance rank of males was established by their aggression. the males that were considered dominants had higher aggression scores, measured as the sum of the number of attacks and pursuits. dominants had sex accessory glands weighing significantly more than those of the subordinates, as a consequence of their higher plasma testosterone levels. in a two-choice te ...	1997	24897713
[estimation of intensity of dietary fiber degradation by symbionts in the stomach and cecum of the bank vole clethrionomys glareolus].		1997	9376808
[reduction of dietary fiber in the digestive tract of the bank vole clethrionomys glareolus].		1997	9376807
the capability of androgen aromatization by bank vole leydig cells in vitro: the effect of aromatase inhibitor.	the effect of increasing concentrations of aromatase inhibitor cgs 16949a on lh- and testosterone-supplemented estradiol secretion by leydig cells was studied. leydig cells were obtained from immature and mature bank voles, which were reared in a long or a short photoperiod conditions. they were either incubated for 6 hrs with lh and/or testosterone (lh/testosterone-supplemented cultures), or as the control cultures. aromatase inhibitor was added for further 18 h. after 24-h incubation period te ...	1997	9444631
photoperiod-induced changes in androgen receptor expression in testes and accessory sex glands of the bank vole, clethrionomys glareolus.	photoperiodic modulation of androgen levels and androgen receptor (ar) expression in testes and accessory sex glands were studied in a seasonally breeding rodent, the bank vole. juvenile voles subjected to long photoperiod (20l:4d) for 6-8 wk attained sexual maturity, which was associated with a prominent increase in testicular testosterone (t) levels and weight of testes and accessory sex glands. pubertal development in short photoperiod-treated (6l:18d for 6-8 wk) juveniles was arrested, and s ...	1997	9096871