Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted descending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
protective effect of lactofermented red beetroot juice against aberrant crypt foci formation, genotoxicity of fecal water and oxidative stress induced by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridine in rats model.the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of beetroot juice fermented by lactobacillus brevis 0944 and lactobacillus paracasei 0920 (fbj) on carcinogen induction of aberrant crypt foci (acf) in rat colon. 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridine (phip) was used as carcinogen, which was administrated intragastrically at a dose of 10 μg/day, every day of the experiment. additionally, we investigated the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of fecal water from experimental animals in the ...201222995401
regioselective glycosylation method using partially protected arabino- and galactofuranosyl thioglycosides as key glycosylating substrates and its application to one-pot synthesis of oligofuranoses.we describe in this paper the development of a novel regioselective furanosylation methodology using partially protected furanosyl thioglycosides as central glycosylating building blocks and its application in the efficient one-pot synthesis of a series of linear and branched-type arabino- and galactofuranoside fragments structurally related to the cell wall polysaccharides of mycobacterium tuberculosis , streptococcus pneumoniae serostype 35a, and sugar beet.201222369586
comparing environmental consequences of anaerobic mono- and co-digestion of pig manure to produce bio-energy--a life cycle perspective.the aim of this work was to assess the environmental consequences of anaerobic mono- and co-digestion of pig manure to produce bio-energy, from a life cycle perspective. this included assessing environmental impacts and land use change emissions (luc) required to replace used co-substrates for anaerobic digestion. environmental impact categories considered were climate change, terrestrial acidification, marine and freshwater eutrophication, particulate matter formation, land use, and fossil fuel ...201223026340
unusual and typical features of a novel restorer-of-fertility gene of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.).male gametogenesis in plants can be impaired by an incompatibility between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, termed cytoplasmic male sterility (cms). a sterilizing factor resides in mitochondria, whereas a nuclear factor, restorer-of-fertility (rf), restores male fertility. although a majority of plant rf genes are thought to encode a family of rna-binding proteins called pentatrico-peptide repeat (ppr) proteins, we isolated a novel type of rf from sugar beet. two bacs and one cosmid clone that ...201222997236
the beet r locus encodes a new cytochrome p450 required for red betalain production.anthocyanins are red and violet pigments that color flowers, fruits and epidermal tissues in virtually all flowering plants. a single order, caryophyllales, contains families in which an unrelated family of pigments, the betalains, color tissues normally pigmented by anthocyanins. here we show that cyp76ad1 encoding a novel cytochrome p450 is required to produce the red betacyanin pigments in beets. gene silencing of cyp76ad1 results in loss of red pigment and production of only yellow betaxanth ...201222660548
galacturonic acid inhibits the growth of saccharomyces cerevisiae on galactose, xylose, and arabinose.the efficient fermentation of mixed substrates is essential for the microbial conversion of second-generation feedstocks, including pectin-rich waste streams such as citrus peel and sugar beet pulp. galacturonic acid is a major constituent of hydrolysates of these pectin-rich materials. the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, the main producer of bioethanol, cannot use this sugar acid. the impact of galacturonic acid on alcoholic fermentation by s. cerevisiae was investigated with anaerobic batch cu ...201222582063
combination of sugar analysis and stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry to detect the use of artificial sugars in royal jelly production.the effects of feeding bees artificial sugars and/or proteins on the sugar compositions and (13)c isotopic measurements of royal jellies (rjs) were evaluated. the sugars fed to the bees were two c4 sugars (cane sugar and maize hydrolysate), two c3 sugars (sugar beet, cereal starch hydrolysate), and honey. the proteins fed to them were pollen, soybean, and yeast powder proteins. to evaluate the influence of the sugar and/or protein feeding over time, samples were collected during six consecutive ...201222451177
complex feedback regulations govern the expression of mirna396 and its grf target genes.the beet cyst nematode, heterodera schachtii, is a sedentary root parasite that induces the formation of a specialized root feeding structure, the syncytium. we previously have shown that coordinated regulation of mir396 and its target genes grf1 and grf3 in the syncytium is required for proper formation. to gain a better understanding of this coordinated regulation, we used quantitative real-time pcr to assess the abundance of primary (pri)-mirna396a, pri-mirna396b and mature mirna396 in transg ...201222751317
inducing effect of pgrs on small regulatory si/mirna in resistance to sugar beet cyst nematode.sugar beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii schmidt is an economically important plant parasite of sugar beet in ukraine. the pest control options are limited. sugar beet cyst nematode resistant varieties are not available on the market. carbamate and organophosphate pesticides have been banned due to the high toxicity. the problem is aggravated by continuously increasing of oilseed rape (which is suitable host for h. schachtii) growing area due to biofuel demands. several studies' results ind ...201223885445
nuclear magnetic resonance: a tool for imaging belowground damage caused by heterodera schachtii and rhizoctonia solani on sugar beet.belowground symptoms of sugar beet caused by the beet cyst nematode (bcn) heterodera schachtii include the development of compensatory secondary roots and beet deformity, which, thus far, could only be assessed by destructively removing the entire root systems from the soil. similarly, the symptoms of rhizoctonia crown and root rot (rcrr) caused by infections of the soil-borne basidiomycete rhizoctonia solani require the same invasive approach for identification. here nuclear magnetic resonance ...201221948851
preference for condensed tannins by sheep in response to challenge infection with haemonchus contortus.herbivores prefer feeds that supply required nutrients and avoid those with excess nutrients and plant secondary compounds (psc). nevertheless, psc such as condensed tannins can provide beneficial medicinal effects to herbivores as they act against infective diseases such as parasitism. the objectives of this study were to determine: (1) if parasitized lambs increased preference for a tannin-rich feed after they experienced the beneficial antiparasitic effects of condensed tannins relative to pa ...201222459112
the interaction of the novel 30c02 cyst nematode effector protein with a plant β-1,3-endoglucanase may suppress host defence to promote parasitism.phytoparasitic nematodes secrete an array of effector proteins to modify selected recipient plant cells into elaborate and essential feeding sites. the biological function of the novel 30c02 effector protein of the soybean cyst nematode, heterodera glycines, was studied using arabidopsis thaliana as host and the beet cyst nematode, heterodera schachtii, which contains a homologue of the 30c02 gene. expression of hg30c02 in arabidopsis did not affect plant growth and development but increased pla ...201222442414
expression of beet yellows virus coat protein cdna to create transgenic resistance in plants. 201222562628
complete sequence of rna1 of grapevine anatolian ringspot virus.the nucleotide sequence of rna1 of grapevine anatolian ringspot virus (garsv), a nepovirus of subgroup b, was determined from cdna clones. it is 7,288 nucleotides in length excluding the 3' terminal poly(a) tail and contains a large open reading frame (orf), extending from nucleotides 272 to 7001, encoding a polypeptide of 2,243 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 250 kda. the primary structure of the polyprotein, compared with that of other viral polyproteins, revealed the presence o ...201222752842
influence of beet sugar, calcium lactate, and staphylococcus xylosus (with nitrate reductase activity) on the chemical, microbiological, and sensorial properties of persian uncured frankfurters.this study investigated the effects of beet sugar (bs), calcium lactate (cl), and staphylococcus xylosus (sx) on the general characteristics of uncured frankfurters. minimum residual nitrite was observed in samples with a high level of bs and s. xylosus (8log(10) l0 viable cfu/g) after 2 mo. there was an increase in total aerobic counts in frankfurters after 4 wk. samples containing higher bs and cl had no clostridium perfringens at storage time. histamine content was similar for all treatments ...201222946602
improved candida methylica formate dehydrogenase fermentation through statistical optimization of low-cost culture media.nad⁺-dependent formate dehydrogenase (fdh, ec 1.2.1.2) is of use in the regeneration of nad(p)h coenzymes, and therefore has strong potential for practical application in chemical and medical industries. a low-cost production of recombinant escherichia coli (e. coli) containing fdh from candida methylica (cmfdh) was optimized in molasses-based medium by using response surface methodology (rsm) based on central composite design (ccd). the beet molasses as a sole carbon source, (nh₄)₂hpo₄ as a nit ...201223030463
reconstitution, spectroscopy, and redox properties of the photosynthetic recombinant cytochrome b(559) from higher plants.a study of the in vitro reconstitution of sugar beet cytochrome b(559) of the photosystem ii is described. both α and β cytochrome subunits were first cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. in vitro reconstitution of this cytochrome was carried out with partially purified recombinant subunits from inclusion bodies. reconstitution with commercial heme of both (αα) and (ββ) homodimers and (αβ) heterodimer was possible, the latter being more efficient. the absorption spectra of these reconstitut ...201222855209
homofermentative production of d-lactic acid from sucrose by a metabolically engineered escherichia coli.escherichia coli w, a sucrose-positive strain, was engineered for the homofermentative production of d-lactic acid through chromosomal deletion of the competing fermentative pathway genes (adhe, frdabcd, pta, pflb, alda) and the repressor gene (cscr) of the sucrose operon, and metabolic evolution for improved anaerobic cell growth. the resulting strain, hbut-d, efficiently fermented 100 g sucrose l(-1) into 85 g d-lactic acid l(-1) in 72-84 h in mineral salts medium with a volumetric productivit ...201222791225
cloning of a cystatin gene from sugar beet m14 that can enhance plant salt tolerance.an open reading frame encoding a cysteine protease inhibitor, cystatin was isolated from the buds of sugar beet monosomic addition line m14 (bvm14) using 5'-/3'-race method. it encoded a polypeptide of 104 amino acids with conserved g and pw motifs, the consensus phytocystatin sequence larfav and the active site qvvag. the protein showed significant homology to other plant cystatins. bvm14-cystatin was expressed ubiquitously in roots, stems, leaves and flower tissues with relatively high abundan ...201222682568
characterization of a protease-resistant α-galactosidase from the thermophilic fungus rhizomucor miehei and its application in removal of raffinose family oligosaccharides.the α-galactosidase gene, rmgal36, from rhizomucor miehei was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the gene has an open reading frame of 2256bp encoding 751 amino acid residues. rmgal36 was optimally active at ph 4.5 and 60°c, but is stable between ph 4.5 and 10.0 and at a temperature of up to 55°c for 30min retaining more than 80% of its relative activity. it displayed remarkable resistance to proteases and its activity was not inhibited by galactose concentrations of 100mm. the relative s ...201222349190
characterization of recombinant beta vulgaris 4,5-dopa-extradiol-dioxygenase active in the biosynthesis of betalains.betalains are water-soluble pigments with high antiradical capacity which bestow bright colors to flowers, fruits and other parts of most plants of the order caryophyllales. the formation of the structural unit of all betalains, betalamic acid from the precursor amino acid 4,5-dihydroxyphenylalanine is catalyzed by the enzyme 4,5-dopa-extradiol-dioxygenase followed by intramolecular cyclization of the 4,5-secodopa intermediate. this paper describes the purification and the molecular and function ...201222270561
cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite as a plant gene delivery vector trans-activated by taxonomically diverse geminiviruses.cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite (clcumb) replicates in tobacco, tomato and datura plants in the presence of the helper viruses tomato leaf curl virus-australia, iranian isolates of tomato yellow leaf curl virus, tomato leaf curl karnataka virus, and beet severe curly top virus (bsctv). infectious recombinant clcumb constructs were made in which segments of either the camv 35s or the petunia chsa promoter replaced the clcumb βc1 orf, and these were designated pbinβδc1-35s and pbinβδc1-chsa, ...201222476203
the cysteine-rich proteins of beet necrotic yellow vein virus and tobacco rattle virus contribute to efficient suppression of silencing in roots.many plant viruses encode proteins that suppress rna silencing, but little is known about the activity of silencing suppressors in roots. this study examined differences in the silencing suppression activity of different viruses in leaves and roots of nicotiana benthamiana plants. infection by tobacco mosaic virus, potato virus y and cucumber mosaic virus but not potato virus x (pvx) resulted in strong silencing suppression activity of a transgene in both leaves and roots, whereas infection by b ...201222647371
beet necrotic yellow vein virus subgenomic rna3 is a cleavage product leading to stable non-coding rna required for long-distance movement.beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) is a multipartite rna virus. bnyvv rna3 does not accumulate in non-host transgenic arabidopsis thaliana plants when expressed using a 35s promoter. however, a 3'-derivative species has been detected in transgenic plants and in transient expression assays conducted in nicotiana benthamiana and beta macrocarpa. the 3'-derivative species is similar to the previously reported subgenomic rna3 produced during virus infection. 5' race revealed that the truncated ...201222258860
isolation, cloning and large scale expression of glutathione-s-transferase (gst) protein of polymyxa betae.the plasmodiophoromycete polymyxa betae, an obligate parasite of sugar-beet roots, is a natural vector of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv). to develop protein based diagnosis for any pathogenic agents including p. betae, a specific immunogenic protein has to be prepared. the glutathione-s-transferase (gst) is expressed in all the morphologically different stages of the pathogen's life cycle, and then it is a good candidate as an immunogenic agent for developing of specific antibodies and ...201223878968
development of high-throughput quantum dot biosensor against polymyxa species.the plasmodiophoromycete polymyxa betae and p. graminis are eukaryotic biotrophic parasites residing in the roots of chenopodiacae and gramineae plants. they are natural transmitting agents of several important plant viruses such as are beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyw), beet soil borne mosaic virus (bsbmv), wheat soil-borne mosaic virus (wsbmv). developing advanced high-throughput diagnostic methods capable of accurate detection of these pathogens could assist with the screening programs a ...201223878956
c2 from beet curly top virus meddles with the cell cycle: a novel function for an old pathogenicity factor.geminiviruses are ssdna plant viruses that infect a wide range of crops. since geminiviruses often infect terminally differentiated cells, they must induce cell cycle re-entry in order to replicate; until recently, only two viral proteins, the replication-associated protein rep and the curtoviral pathogenicity factor c4, had been assigned a role in the restoration of cell competency. in a recent work, we demonstrated that c2 from beet curly top virus activates the expression of host genes involv ...201223073019
c2 from beet curly top virus promotes a cell environment suitable for efficient replication of geminiviruses, providing a novel mechanism of viral synergism.• geminiviruses are plant viruses with circular, single-stranded (ss) dna genomes that infect a wide range of species and cause important losses in agriculture. geminiviruses do not encode their own dna polymerase, and rely on the host cell machinery for their replication. • here, we identify a positive effect of the curtovirus beet curly top virus (bctv) on the begomovirus tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus (tylcsv) infection in nicotiana benthamiana plants. • our results show that this pos ...201222404507
two distinct sites are essential for virulent infection and support of variant satellite rna replication in spontaneous beet black scorch virus variants.spontaneous point mutations of virus genomes are important in rna virus evolution and often result in modifications of their biological properties. spontaneous variants of beet black scorch virus (bbsv) and its satellite (sat) rna were generated from cdna clones by serial propagation in chenopodium amaranticolor and nicotiana benthamiana. inoculation with recombinant rnas synthesized in vitro revealed bbsv variants with divergent infectious phenotypes that affected either symptom expression or r ...201222971822
the r-rich motif of beet black scorch virus p7a movement protein is important for the nuclear localization, nucleolar targeting and viral infectivity.beet black scorch virus (bbsv) encodes three movement proteins (p7a, p7b and p5') that facilitate its cell-to-cell movement. an arginine-rich motif of p7a n-terminus was found to determine nuclear and nucleolar localization. amino acids substitution or deletion of the r-rich motif interfered with p7a nuclear and nucleolar localization. bimolecular fluorescence complementation (bifc) assays revealed that p7a protein interacted with nicotiana benthamiana nuclear import factor importin α, suggestin ...201222626884
validation of reference genes for gene expression studies in virus-infected nicotiana benthamiana using quantitative real-time pcr.nicotiana benthamiana is the most widely-used experimental host in plant virology. the recent release of the draft genome sequence for n. benthamiana consolidates its role as a model for plant-pathogen interactions. quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) is commonly employed for quantitative gene expression analysis. for valid qpcr analysis, accurate normalisation of gene expression against an appropriate internal control is required. yet there has been little systematic investigation of reference ge ...201223029521
eicosanoid biosynthesis is activated via toll, but not imd signal pathway in response to fungal infection.phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) catalyzes hydrolysis of phospholipids at sn-2 position and usually releases arachidonic acid, which is oxygenated into various eicosanoids that mediate innate immune responses in insects. pla(2) activities were measured in both immune-associated tissues of hemocyte and fat body in the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. upon challenge of an entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana, the pla(2)s were significantly activated in both hemocyte and fat body. the fungal inf ...201222569137
mass spectral molecular networking of living microbial colonies.integrating the governing chemistry with the genomics and phenotypes of microbial colonies has been a "holy grail" in microbiology. this work describes a highly sensitive, broadly applicable, and cost-effective approach that allows metabolic profiling of live microbial colonies directly from a petri dish without any sample preparation. nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ms), combined with alignment of ms data and molecular networking, enabled monitoring of metabolite ...201222586093
evaluation of corn hybrids expressing cry1f, cry1a.105, cry2ab2, cry34ab1/cry35ab1, and cry3bb1 against southern united states insect pests.studies were conducted across the southern united states to characterize the efficacy of multiple bacillus thuringiensis (bt) events in a field corn, zea mays l., hybrid for control of common lepidopteran and coleopteran pests. cry1f protein in event tc1507 and cry1a.105 + cry2ab2 proteins in event mon 89034 were evaluated against pests infesting corn on above-ground plant tissue including foliage, stalks, and ears. cry34ab1/cry35ab1 proteins in event das-59122-7 and cry3bb1 in event mon 88017 w ...201223156183
purification and characterization of alkaline pectin lyase from a newly isolated bacillus clausii and its application in elicitation of plant disease resistance.alkaline pectin lyase (pnl) shows potential as a biological control agent against several plant diseases. we isolated and characterized a new bacillus clausii strain that can produce 4,180 u/g of pnl using sugar beet pulp as a carbon source and inducer. the pnl was purified to apparent homogeneity using ultrafiltration, ammonium sulfate fractionation, deae sepharose fast flow, and sephadex g-75 gel filtration. the purified pnl was found to be a monomeric protein with a molecular weight of 35 kda ...201222695924
detailed modes of action and biochemical characterization of endo-arabinanase from bacillus licheniformis dsm13.an endo-arabinanase (blabnase) gene from bacillus licheniformis dsm13 was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli, and the biochemical properties of its encoded enzyme were characterized. the blabnase gene consists of a single open reading frame of 987 nucleotides that encodes 328 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of about 36 kda. blabnase exhibited the highest activity against debranched α-(1,5)-arabinan in 50 mm sodium acetate buffer (ph 6.0) at 55°c. enzymatic characterization reve ...201223274993
the p25 pathogenicity factor of beet necrotic yellow vein virus targets the sugar beet 26s proteasome involved in the induction of a hypersensitive resistance response via interaction with an f-box protein.p25, a beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) pathogenicity factor, interacts with a sugar beet protein with high homology to arabidopsis thaliana kelch repeat containing f-box family proteins (fbk) of unknown function in yeast. fbk are members of the skp1-cullin-f-box (scf) complex that mediate protein degradation. here, we confirm this sugar beet fbk-p25 interaction in vivo and in vitro and provide evidence for in planta interaction and similar subcellular distribution in nicotiana tabacum le ...201222512382
hydrophobin genes of the entomopathogenic fungus, metarhizium brunneum, are differentially expressed and corresponding mutants are decreased in virulence.hydrophobins are small, cysteine-rich, secreted proteins, ubiquitously produced by filamentous fungi that are speculated to function in fungal growth, cell surface properties, and development, although this has been rigorously tested for only a few species. herein, we report identification of three hydrophobin genes from the entomopathogenic fungus, metarhizium brunneum, and functional characterization of strains lacking these genes. one gene (hyd1/ssga) encodes a class i hydrophobin identified ...201222388867
heterogeneity of circular mitochondrial dna molecules from sugar beet with normal and male sterile cytoplasms.mitochondrial (mt) dnas from normal (n) and male sterile (s) cytoplasms of sugar beet have been isolated and investigated by electron microscopy. the results showed that mtdna was composed of a heterogeneous population of circular molecules. their contour lengths varied from 0.28 to 51 micron, but unlike in the case of maize, a large difference was not observed in the distribution of molecular classes greater than 1.0 micron between n and s cytoplasms of sugar beet. on the other hand, n and s cy ...20123447745
the molecular basis of vernalization in different plant groups.timing of flowering is key to the reproductive success of many plants. in temperate climates, flowering is often coordinated with seasonal environmental cues such as temperature and photoperiod. vernalization, the process by which a prolonged exposure to the cold of winter results in competence to flower during the following spring, is an example of the influence of temperature on the timing of flowering. in different groups of plants, there are distinct genes involved in vernalization, indicati ...201223619014
population dynamics of dactylella oviparasitica and heterodera schachtii: toward a decision model for sugar beet planting.a series of experiments were performed to examine the population dynamics of the sugarbeet cyst nematode, heterodera schachtii, and the nematophagus fungus dactylella oviparasitica. after two nematode generations, the population densities of h. schachtii were measured in relation to various initial infestation densities of both d. oviparasitica and h. schachtii. in general, higher initial population densities of d. oviparasitica were associated with lower final population densities of h. schacht ...201223481664
tailor-made fructan synthesis in plants: a review.fructan, a fructose polymer, is produced by many bacteria and plants. fructan is used as carbohydrate reserve, and in bacteria also as protective outside layer. chicory is a commercial fructan producing crop. the disadvantage of this crop is its fructan breakdown before harvest. studies using genetically modification showed that fructan biosynthesis is difficult to steer in chicory. alternatives for production of tailor-made fructan, fructan with a desired polymer length and linkage type, are or ...201223465900
comparative evaluation of phenoloxidase activity in different larval stages of four lepidopteran pests after exposure to bacillus thuringiensis.microbial entomopathogen-based bioinsecticides are recognized as alternatives to synthetic pesticides. insects defend themselves against microbial pathogens by innate mechanisms, including increased phenoloxidase (po) activity, but its relationship with microbial bioinsecticides efficacy is little known. this study evaluated the differences in po activity at different developmental stages of the tobacco budworm heliothis virescens fabricius (lepidoptera: noctuidae), indian meal moth plodia inter ...201223414117
high level resistance against rhizomania disease by simultaneously integrating two distinct defense mechanisms.with the aim of achieving durable resistance against rhizomania disease of sugar beet, the employment of different sources of resistance to beet necrotic yellow vein virus was pursued. to this purpose, nicotiana benthamiana transgenic plants that simultaneously produce dsrna originating from a conserved region of the bnyvv replicase gene and the hrpz(psph) protein in a secreted form (sp/hrpz(psph)) were produced. the integration and expression of both transgenes as well as proper production of t ...201223284692
fusarium culmorum: causal agent of foot and root rot and head blight on wheat.fusarium culmorum is a ubiquitous soil-borne fungus able to cause foot and root rot and fusarium head blight on different small-grain cereals, in particular wheat and barley. it causes significant yield and quality losses and results in contamination of the grain with mycotoxins. this review summarizes recent research activities related to f. culmorum, including studies into its population diversity, mycotoxin biosynthesis, mechanisms of pathogenesis and resistance, the development of diagnostic ...201223279114
systemic resistance induced by bacillus lipopeptides in beta vulgaris reduces infection by the rhizomania disease vector polymyxa betae.the control of rhizomania, one of the most important diseases of sugar beet caused by the beet necrotic yellow vein virus, remains limited to varietal resistance. in this study, we investigated the putative action of bacillus amylolequifaciens lipopeptides in achieving rhizomania biocontrol through the control of the virus vector polymyxa betae. some lipopeptides that are produced by bacteria, especially by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, have been found to induce systemic resistance in pl ...201223279057
effects of replacing dietary starch with neutral detergent-soluble fibre on ruminal fermentation, microbial synthesis and populations of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria using the rumen simulation technique (rusitec).a rumen simulation technique (rusitec) apparatus with eight 800 ml fermenters was used to investigate the effects of replacing dietary starch with neutral detergent-soluble fibre (ndsf) by inclusion of sugar beet pulp in diets on ruminal fermentation, microbial synthesis and populations of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria. experimental diets contained 12.7, 16.4, 20.1 or 23.8% ndsf substituted for starch on a dry matter basis. the experiment was conducted over two independent 15-day incubation peri ...201223278844
hspro controls early nicotiana attenuata seedling growth during interaction with the fungus piriformospora indica.in a previous study aimed at identifying regulators of nicotiana attenuata responses against chewing insects, a 26-nucleotide tag matching the hspro (ortholog of sugar beet hs1(pro)(-)(1)) gene was found to be strongly induced after simulated herbivory (gilardoni et al., 2010). here we characterized the function of hspro during biotic interactions in transgenic n. attenuata plants silenced in its expression (ir-hspro). in wild-type plants, hspro expression was not only induced during simulated h ...201222892352
pectin-rich biomass as feedstock for fuel ethanol production.the usa has proposed that 30 % of liquid transportation fuel be produced from renewable resources by 2030 (perlack and stokes 2011). it will be impossible to reach this goal using corn kernel-based ethanol alone. pectin-rich biomass, an under-utilized waste product of the sugar and juice industry, can augment us ethanol supplies by capitalizing on this already established feedstock. currently, pectin-rich biomass is sold (at low value) as animal feed. this review focuses on the three most studie ...201222695801
effect of acid hydrolysis and fungal biotreatment on agro-industrial wastes for obtainment of free sugars for bioethanol production.this study was designed to evaluate selected chemical and microbiological treatments for the conversion of certain local agro-industrial wastes (rice straw, corn stalks, sawdust, sugar beet waste and sugarcane bagasse) to ethanol. the chemical composition of these feedstocks was determined. conversion of wastes to free sugars by acid hydrolysis varied from one treatment to another. in single-stage dilute acid hydrolysis, increasing acid concentration from 1 % (v/v) to 5 % (v/v) decreased the con ...201224031984
relationships between early experience to dietary diversity, acceptance of novel flavors, and open field behavior in sheep.this study determined whether early experiences by sheep to monotonous or diverse diets influence: (1) plasmatic profiles of cortisol, a hormone involved in stress responses by mammals, before and after an acth challenge, (2) the readiness to eat new foods in a new environment, (3) general fearfulness and response to separation--as measured by the open field test (oft) and stress induced hyperthermia (sih)--and (4) the link between (2) and (3). thirty, 2-mo-old lambs were randomly assigned to 3 ...201221903122
the ferulic acid esterases of chrysosporium lucknowense c1: purification, characterization and their potential application in biorefinery.three ferulic acid esterases from the filamentous fungus chrysosporium lucknowense c1 were purified and characterized. the enzymes were most active at neutral ph and temperatures up to 45 °c. all enzymes released ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid from a soluble corn fibre fraction. ferulic acid esterases faea1 and faea2 could also release complex dehydrodiferulic acids and dehydrotriferulic acids from corn fibre oligomers, but released only 20% of all ferulic acid present in sugar beet pectin oli ...201222133444
process model and economic analysis of ethanol production from sugar beet raw juice as part of the cleaner production concept.the batch fermentation process of sugar beet processing intermediates by free yeast cells is the most widely used method in the autonomous province of vojvodina for producing ethanol as fuel. in this study a process and cost model was developed for producing ethanol from raw juice. the model can be used to calculate capital investment costs, unit production costs and operating costs for a plant producing 44millionl of 99.6% pure ethanol annually. in the sensitivity analysis the influence of suga ...201222104094
fiber fermentability effects on energy and macronutrient digestibility, fecal parameters, postprandial metabolite responses, and colon histology of overweight cats.considering the different potential benefits of divergent fiber ingredients, the effect of 3 fiber sources on the energy and macronutrient digestibility, fermentation product formation, postprandial metabolite responses, and colon histology of overweight cats fed kibble diets was compared. twenty-four healthy adult cats were assigned in a complete randomized block design to 2 groups of 12 animals, and 3 animals from each group were fed 1 of 4 of the following kibble diets: control (co; 11.5% die ...201222247109
aminophosphonate-induced changes of betacyanine and ionic efflux.betacyanine and ionic leakage from red beet (beta vulgaris ssp. l. rapacea) roots and lilac (syringa vulgaris l.) leaves under the influence of new aminophosphonates were studied by spectroscopic and conductometric methods. it was found that the leakage of dye or electrolytes depended both on the concentration of the compounds used and their structural features. the results compared to those obtained for the well known herbicide buminafos (dibutyl 1-butylamino-1-cyclohexanephosphonate) enabled t ...201211421448
a rapid, sensitive, and cost-efficient assay to estimate viability of potato cyst nematodes.potato cyst nematodes (pcns) are quarantine organisms, and they belong to the economically most relevant pathogens of potato worldwide. methodologies to assess the viability of their cysts, which can contain 200 to 500 eggs protected by the hardened cuticle of a dead female, are either time and labor intensive or lack robustness. we present a robust and cost-efficient viability assay based on loss of membrane integrity upon death. this assay uses trehalose, a disaccharide present at a high conce ...201221942733
effects of local and landscape factors on population dynamics of a cotton pest.many polyphagous pests sequentially use crops and uncultivated habitats in landscapes dominated by annual crops. as these habitats may contribute in increasing or decreasing pest density in fields of a specific crop, understanding the scale and temporal variability of source and sink effects is critical for managing landscapes to enhance pest control.201222768147
hormonal control of endoreduplication in sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) seedlings growing in vitro.the effect on endoreduplication in sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) seedlings of five plant hormones in ms medium, ethylene, 24-epibrassinolide (ebr), gibberellic acid (ga(3) ), kinetin and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (naa), as well as a combination of kinetin and naa at two different concentrations, was studied using flow cytometry. analyses of dna content in nuclei of the root, hypocotyl and cotyledons of seedlings growing in vitro were performed during their early development, starting from when th ...201221973015
beetroot betalain inhibits peroxynitrite-mediated tyrosine nitration and dna strand cleavage.two major betalains, red-purple betacyanins and yellow betaxanthins, were isolated from red beetroots (beta vulgaris l.), and their peroxynitrite (onoo(-)) scavenging capacity was investigated. apparent colours of the betalains were bleached by the addition of onoo(-), and the absorbance decreases were suppressed in the presence of glutathione, a onoo(-) scavenger. after bleaching, a new absorption maximum was observed at 350 nm in the spectrum of the resulting reaction mixture. new peaks were d ...201222087762
effects of water stress, organic amendment and mycorrhizal inoculation on soil microbial community structure and activity during the establishment of two heavy metal-tolerant native plant species.our aim was to examine the effect of water stress on plant growth and development of two native plant species (tetraclinis articulata and crithmum maritimum) and on microbial community composition and activity in the rhizosphere soil, following the addition of an organic amendment, namely sugar beet residue (sbr), and/or the inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus, namely glomus mosseae, in a non-sterile heavy metal-polluted soil. the am inoculation did not have any significant ef ...201222076694
characterization of a basidiomycete fungus from stored sugar beet roots.eighteen isolates from sugar beet roots associated with an unknown etiology were characterized based on observations of morphological characters, hyphal growth at 4-28 c, production of phenol oxidases and sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer (its) and large subunit (lsu) regions of the ribosomal dna (rdna). the isolates did not produce asexual or sexual spores, had binucleate hyphal cells with clamp connections, grew 4-22 c with estimated optimal growth at 14.5 c and formed a dark br ...201222067302
retention of agronomically important variation in germplasm core collections: implications for allele mining.the primary targets of allele mining efforts are loci of agronomic importance. agronomic loci typically exhibit patterns of allelic diversity that are consistent with a history of natural or artificial selection. natural or artificial selection causes the distribution of genetic diversity at such loci to deviate substantially from the pattern found at neutral loci. the germplasm utilized for allele mining should contain maximum allelic variation at loci of interest, in the smallest possible numb ...201222228243
is rna editing implicated in group ii intron survival in the angiosperm mitochondrial genome?introns may be considered as optional because they are removed from mrna molecules, but introns are fairly preserved for unknown reasons. previously, the mitochondrial rps3 gene of sugar beet ( beta vulgaris l., caryophyllales) was shown to represent a unique example of an intron loss. we have determined the distribution of the rps3 intron in 19 caryophyllalean species. the intron was absent from the amaranthaceae and the achatocarpaceae. in the caryophyllaceae, dianthus japonicus rps3 was pseud ...201222224446
palaeohexaploid ancestry for caryophyllales inferred from extensive gene-based physical and genetic mapping of the sugar beet genome (beta vulgaris).sugar beet (beta vulgaris) is an important crop plant that accounts for 30% of the world's sugar production annually. the genus beta is a distant relative of currently sequenced taxa within the core eudicotyledons; the genomic characterization of sugar beet is essential to make its genome accessible to molecular dissection. here, we present comprehensive genomic information in genetic and physical maps that cover all nine chromosomes. based on this information we identified the proposed ancestra ...201222211633
gynodioecy in structured populations: understanding fine-scale sex ratio variation in beta vulgaris ssp. maritima.natural selection, random processes and gene flow are known to generate sex ratio variations among sexually polymorphic plant populations. in gynodioecious species, in which hermaphrodites and females coexist, the relative effect of these processes on the maintenance of sex polymorphism is still up for debate. the aim of this study was to document sex ratio and cytonuclear genetic variation at a very local scale in wind-pollinated gynodioecious beta vulgaris ssp. maritima and attempt to elucidat ...201222211480
the origin of metamitron resistant chenopodium album populations in sugar beet.chenopodium album l. is a major weed in spring-planted crops in the temperate regions of the world. since 2000, farmers have reported an unsatisfactory control of this weed in sugar beet fields in belgium, france and the netherlands. frequently, the surviving c. album plants are resistant to metamitron, a key herbicide in this crop. metamitron resistance in c. album is caused by a ser264 to gly mutation in the psba gene on the chloroplast genome, which prevents binding of metamitron to its targe ...201223878988
toxicity of allyl esters in insect cell lines and in spodoptera littoralis larvae.we investigated the effects of five allyl esters, two aromatic (allyl cinnamate and allyl 2-furoate) and three aliphatic (allyl hexanoate, allyl heptanoate, and allyl octanoate) in established insect cell lines derived from different species and tissues. we studied embryonic cells of the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster (s2) (diptera) and the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua (se4) (lepidoptera), fat body cells of the colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata (cpb) (coleoptera), ovarian ce ...201223589218
assessment of allelopathic properties of aloe ferox mill. on turnip, beetroot and carrot.turnip (brassica rapa var. rapa l.), beetroot (beta vulgaris l.) and carrot (daucus carota l.) are common vegetables in south africa. the allelopathic potential of aqueous leaf and root extracts of aloe ferox mill.- a highly valued medicinal plant- was evaluated against seed germination and seedling growth of the three vegetables in petri dish experiments. the extracts were tested at concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg/ml. leaf extract concentrations above 4 mg/ml inhibited the germination o ...201223558992
feeding motivation and plasma metabolites in pregnant sows fed diets rich in dietary fiber either once or twice daily.the present study investigated the effects of source and level of dietary fiber (df) and feeding frequency (once vs. twice daily) on feeding motivation and plasma metabolites at 4 different time points post feeding. sixty pregnant sows (sus scrofa, 4 blocks of 15 sows) were allocated to 1 of 5 diets within blocks. four diets were restricted (approximately 35 mj me/d): a barley and wheat control diet (171 g df/kg dm; 12 g df/mj me), and 3 fiber diets formulated to contain 35% df by including pect ...201222178853
impact of extra virgin olive oil and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) on the oxidative stability of fish oil emulsions and spray-dried microcapsules stabilized by sugar beet pectin.the influence of edta on lipid oxidation in sugar beet pectin-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions (ph 6, 15% oil, wet basis), prepared from fish oil (fo) and fish oil-extra virgin olive oil (fo-evoo) (1:1 w/w), as well as the spray-dried microcapsules (50% oil, dry basis) prepared from these emulsions, was investigated. under accelerated conditions (80 °c, 5 bar oxygen pressure) the oxidative stability was significantly (p < 0.05) higher for fo and fo-evoo formulated with edta, in comparison to co ...201222136143
the ip amplitude of the fluorescence rise ojip is sensitive to changes in the photosystem i content of leaves: a study on plants exposed to magnesium and sulfate deficiencies, drought stress and salt stress.the hypothesis that changes in the ip amplitude of the fluorescence transient ojip reflect changes in leaf photosystem i (psi) content was tested using mineral-deficient sugar beet plants. young sugar beet plants (beta vulgaris) were grown hydroponically on nutrient solutions containing either 1 mm or no mg(2+) and 2.1 µm to 1.88 mm so(4)(2-) for 4 weeks. during this period two leaf pairs were followed: the already developed second leaf pair and the third leaf pair that was budding at the start ...201222121914
considerations on methodological challenges for water footprint calculations.we have investigated how different approaches for water footprint (wf) calculations lead to different results, taking sugar beet production and sugar refining as examples. to a large extent, results obtained from any wf calculation are reflective of the method used and the assumptions made. real irrigation data for 59 european sugar beet growing areas showed inadequate estimation of irrigation water when a widely used simple approach was used. the method resulted in an overestimation of blue wat ...201222437024
feed ingredients differing in fermentable fibre and indigestible protein content affect fermentation metabolites and faecal nitrogen excretion in growing pigs.to study the fermentation characteristics of different non-conventional dietary fibre (df) sources with varying levels of indigestible cp content and their effects on the production of fermentation metabolites and on faecal nitrogen (n) excretion, an experiment was conducted with 40 growing pigs (initial bw 23 kg) using wheat bran (wb), pea hulls (ph), pea inner fibres (pif), sugar beet pulp (sbp) or corn distillers dried grains with solubles (ddgs). the diets also contained soya protein isolate ...201222436276
a new rnaseq-based reference transcriptome for sugar beet and its application in transcriptome-scale analysis of vernalization and gibberellin responses.sugar beet (beta vulgaris sp. vulgaris) crops account for about 30% of world sugar. sugar yield is compromised by reproductive growth hence crops must remain vegetative until harvest. prolonged exposure to cold temperature (vernalization) in the range 6 °c to 12 °c induces reproductive growth, leading to bolting (rapid elongation of the main stem) and flowering. spring cultivation of crops in cool temperate climates makes them vulnerable to vernalization and hence bolting, which is initiated in ...201222429863
evaluating acoustic speaker normalization algorithms: evidence from longitudinal child data.speaker vowel formant normalization, a technique that controls for variation introduced by physical differences between speakers, is necessary in variationist studies to compare speakers of different ages, genders, and physiological makeup in order to understand non-physiological variation patterns within populations. many algorithms have been established to reduce variation introduced into vocalic data from physiological sources. the lack of real-time studies tracking the effectiveness of these ...201222423719
hydrogen production from sugar industry wastes using single-stage photofermentation.beet molasses and black strap are two major waste streams of the sugar industry. they both contain high amounts of sucrose, making them suitable substrates for biological hydrogen production. photofermentation, usually used to convert organic acids to hydrogen, has the potential capacity to effectively use a variety of feed stocks, including sugars. a comparative study on photofermentative biohydrogen production from beet molasses, black strap, and sucrose was conducted. with yields of 10.5 mol ...201222420990
improvement of growth and nitrogen utilization in sheep using sugar beet pulp treated with trichoderma reesei or urea.twenty-five intact barki lambs with mean body weight of 24.81 ± 0.16 kg were used to investigate the effect of including in the diet sugar beet pulp (sbp) treated biologically with trichoderma reesei or chemically with urea 4 % on nutrients digestibility, growth performance, nitrogen (n) utilization, and hematological and biochemical parameters. two experiments were conducted. in the growth experiment, five lambs were randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments. lambs were offered isonit ...201222411049
effect of pectin, starch, and locust bean gum on the interfacial activity of monostearin and β-lactoglobulin.the behavior of some hydrocolloids widely used as stabilizers of low-oil-content water emulsions (starch, pectins, and a locust bean gum-pectin blend) at the air-water and model oil-water interface is analyzed. their influence on the surface and interface activity of typical food emulsifiers, such as β-lactoglobulin and monostearin, is also considered. it is demonstrated that the greatest interfacial activity is provided by one of the commercial pectins studied. it is capable of modifying the ch ...201222352850
assessment of different dietary fibers (tomato fiber, beet root fiber, and inulin) for the manufacture of chopped cooked chicken products.three dietary fibers (tomato fiber [tf], beet root fiber [brf], and inulin) at 3 levels of addition (1%, 2%, and 3%) were assessed for the manufacture of chopped, cooked chicken products and compared with a control product without fiber added. the effect of fiber incorporation on (i) batters, (ii) cooked (30 min at 70 °c), and (iii) cooked and stored (for 10 d at 4 °c) chicken products were studied. the addition of the fiber to chicken meat products reduced the ph of chicken batters in proportio ...201222352766
e-screen evaluation of sugar beet feedstuffs in a case of reduced embryo transfer efficiencies in cattle: the role of phytoestrogens and zearalenone.the e-screen assay was used to evaluate the estrogenicity of sugar beet by-products obtained from a dairy farm experiencing low success rates of embryo transfer. the beet tailings had ~3-fold the estradiol equivalents of the pelleted beet pulp (3.9 and 1.2 μg estradiol equivalents or e(2)eq/kg dry matter, respectively). whole sugar beets, sugar beet pellets, and shreds from several midwest us locations were also evaluated by e-screen. all pellets examined were found to have some estrogenic activ ...201222350809
synchronized oviposition triggered by migratory flight intensifies larval outbreaks of beet webworm.identifying the reproductive consequences of insect migration is critical to understanding its ecological and evolutionary significance. however, many empirical studies are seemingly contradictory, making recognition of unifying themes elusive and controversial. the beet webworm, loxostege sticticalis l. is a long-range migratory pest of many crops in the northern temperate zone from 36 °n to 55 °n, with larval populations often exploding in regions receiving immigrants. in laboratory experiment ...201222347494
enzymatic pretreatment of lignocellulosic wastes to improve biogas production.the effect of enzymatic pretreatment of sugar beet pulp and spent hops prior to methane fermentation was determined in this study. these industrial residues were subjected to enzymatic digestion before anaerobic fermentation because of high fiber content (of 85.1% dry matter (dm) and 57.7% dm in sugar beet pulp and spent hops, respectively). their 24h hydrolysis with a mix of enzymatic preparations celustar xl and agropect pomace (3:1, v/v), with endoglucanase, xylanase and pectinase activities, ...201222342637
removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by biochars derived from anaerobically digested biomass.this study examined the ability of two biochars converted from anaerobically digested biomass to sorb heavy metals using a range of laboratory sorption and characterization experiments. initial evaluation of dawc (digested dairy waste biochar) and dwsbc (digested whole sugar beet biochar) showed that both biochars were effective in removing a mixture of four heavy metals (pb(2 +), cu(2+), ni(2+), and cd(2+)) from aqueous solutions. compared to dawc, dwsbc demonstrated a better ability to remove ...201222325901
uptake and incorporation of iron in sugar beet chloroplasts.chloroplasts contain 80-90% of iron taken up by plant cells. though some iron transport-related envelope proteins were identified recently, the mechanism of iron uptake into chloroplasts remained unresolved. to shed more light on the process of chloroplast iron uptake, trials were performed with isolated intact chloroplasts of sugar beet (beta vulgaris). iron uptake was followed by measuring the iron content of chloroplasts in the form of ferrous-bathophenantroline-disulphonate complex after sol ...201222305071
phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated farmland soil by the hyperaccumulator beta vulgaris l. var. cicla.a field study was conducted to evaluate the phytoremediation efficiency of cadmium (cd) contaminated soil utilizing the cd hyperaccumulator beta vulgaris l. var. cicla during one growing season (about 2 months) on farmland in zhangshi irrigation area, the representative wastewater irrigation area in china. results showed that b. vulgaris l. var. cicla is a promising plant in the phytoremediation of cd contaminated farmland soil. the maximum of cd phytoremediation efficiency by b. vulgaris l. var ...201222286610
empirical evaluation of dart, snp, and ssr marker-systems for genotyping, clustering, and assigning sugar beet hybrid varieties into populations.dominant and co-dominant molecular markers are routinely used in plant genetic research. in the present study we assessed the success-rate of three marker-systems for estimating genotypic diversity, clustering varieties into populations, and assigning a single variety into the expected population. a set of 54 diploid sugar beet (beta vulgaris l. ssp. vulgaris) hybrid varieties from five seed companies was genotyped with 702 diversity array-technology (dart), 34 single nucleotide polymorphisms (s ...201222284710
hyperspectral imaging for small-scale analysis of symptoms caused by different sugar beet diseases.hyperspectral imaging (hsi) offers high potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for disease detection. in this paper leaf characteristics and spectral reflectance of sugar beet leaves diseased with cercospora leaf spot, powdery mildew and leaf rust at different development stages were connected. light microscopy was used to describe the morphological changes in the host tissue due to pathogen colonisation. under controlled conditions a hyperspectral imaging line scanning spectrometer (imspec ...201222273513
long-term foliar persistence and efficacy of spinosad against beet armyworm under greenhouse conditions.the immediate lethality caused by spinosad has been widely studied on spodoptera exigua (hübner). however, long-term effects can also provide valuable information on insecticide toxic action. here, the persistence of spinosad on capsicum annuum l. foliage and the lethal and sublethal effects of greenhouse-aged foliar residues of this insecticide on third instars of s. exigua are reported.201222262560
nitrate supplementation's improvement of 10-km time-trial performance in trained cyclists.six days of dietary nitrate supplementation in the form of beetroot juice (~0.5 l/d) has been reported to reduce pulmonary oxygen uptake (vo₂) during submaximal exercise and increase tolerance of high-intensity work rates, suggesting that nitrate can be a potent ergogenic aid. limited data are available regarding the effect of nitrate ingestion on athletic performance, and no study has investigated the potential ergogenic effects of a small-volume, concentrated dose of beetroot juice. the author ...201222248502
acetylesterase-mediated deacetylation of pectin impairs cell elongation, pollen germination, and plant reproduction.pectin is a major component of the primary cell wall of higher plants. some galacturonyl residues in the backbone of pectinaceous polysaccharides are often o-acetylated at the c-2 or c-3 position, and the resulting acetylesters change dynamically during the growth and development of plants. the processes involve both enzymatic acetylation and deacetylation. through genomic sequence analysis, we identified a pectin acetylesterase (pae1) from black cottonwood (populus trichocarpa). recombinant pt ...201222247250
choosing between good and better: optimal oviposition drives host plant selection when parents and offspring agree on best resources.insect preferences for particular plant species might be subjected to trade-offs among several selective forces. here, we evaluated, through laboratory and field experiments, the feeding and ovipositing preferences of the polyphagous leafminer liriomyza huidobrensis (diptera: agromyzidae) in relation to adult and offspring performance and enemy-free space. female leafminers preferred laying their eggs on vicia faba (fabaceae) over beta vulgaris var. cicla (chenopodiaceae), in both laboratory and ...201222246471
survey of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) hat transposons and mite-like hatpin derivatives.genome-wide analyses of repetitive dna suggest a significant impact particularly of transposable elements on genome size and evolution of virtually all eukaryotic organisms. in this study, we analyzed the abundance and diversity of the hat transposon superfamily of the sugar beet (b. vulgaris) genome, using molecular, bioinformatic and cytogenetic approaches. we identified 81 transposase-coding sequences, three of which are part of structurally intact but nonfunctional hat transposons (bvhat), i ...201222246381
no improvement in endurance performance after a single dose of beetroot juice.dietary nitrate supplementation has received much attention in the literature due to its proposed ergogenic properties. recently, the ingestion of a single bolus of nitrate-rich beetroot juice (500 ml, ~6.2 mmol no3-) was reported to improve subsequent time-trial performance. however, this large volume of ingested beetroot juice does not represent a realistic dietary strategy for athletes to follow in a practical, performance-based setting. therefore, we investigated the impact of ingesting a si ...201222805107
evolutionary reshuffling in the errantivirus lineage elbe within the beta vulgaris genome.ltr retrotransposons and retroviruses are closely related. although a viral envelope gene is found in some ltr retrotransposons and all retroviruses, only the latter show infectivity. the identification of ty3-gypsy-like retrotransposons possessing putative envelope-like open reading frames blurred the taxonomical borders and led to the establishment of the errantivirus, metavirus and chromovirus genera within the metaviridae. only a few plant errantiviruses have been described, and their evolut ...201222804913
a sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) reference fish karyotype for chromosome and chromosome-arm identification, integration of genetic linkage groups and analysis of major repeat family distribution.we developed a reference karyotype for b. vulgaris which is applicable to all beet cultivars and provides a consistent numbering of chromosomes and genetic linkage groups. linkage groups of sugar beet were assigned to physical chromosome arms by fish (fluorescent in situ hybridization) using a set of 18 genetically anchored bac (bacterial artificial chromosome) markers. genetic maps of sugar beet were correlated to chromosome arms, and north-south orientation of linkage groups was established. t ...201222775355
effects of starch content of calf starter on growth and rumen ph in holstein calves during the weaning transition.the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of substituting high fiber byproducts for dry ground corn in calf starter on growth and rumen ph during the weaning transition. holstein bull calves were raised on an intensified nursing program using milk replacer containing 26% cp and 18% fat. calves were fed a texturized calf starter containing either dry ground corn at 18.8% of dry matter (dm; crn), beet pulp replacing dry ground corn at 10.2% dietary dm (bp), or triticale dried distill ...201222818462
genome-based prediction of test cross performance in two subsequent breeding cycles.genome-based prediction of genetic values is expected to overcome shortcomings that limit the application of qtl mapping and marker-assisted selection in plant breeding. our goal was to study the genome-based prediction of test cross performance with genetic effects that were estimated using genotypes from the preceding breeding cycle. in particular, our objectives were to employ a ridge regression approach that approximates best linear unbiased prediction of genetic effects, compare cross valid ...201222814724
rumen microbial and fermentation characteristics are affected differently by bacterial probiotic supplementation during induced lactic and subacute acidosis in sheep.ruminal disbiosis induced by feeding is the cause of ruminal acidosis, a digestive disorder prevalent in high-producing ruminants. because probiotic microorganisms can modulate the gastrointestinal microbiota, propionibacteria- and lactobacilli-based probiotics were tested for their effectiveness in preventing different forms of acidosis.201222812531
organic and conventional fertilisation procedures on the nitrate, antioxidants and pesticide content in parts of vegetables.different parts of plant foods are generally discarded by consumers such as peel, stalk and leaves, which could however possess a nutritional value. however, few studies have analysed the composition of these marginal foods. the phenolic compound, flavonoid, polyamine, nitrate and pesticide contents of parts of vegetables that are usually discarded--but which were cultivated according to conventional and non-conventional procedures--were analysed to provide suggestions on how to improve the cons ...201224779784
combined hilic-elsd/esi-ms(n) enables the separation, identification and quantification of sugar beet pectin derived oligomers.the combined action of endo-polygalacturonase (endo-pgii), pectin lyase (pl), pectin methyl esterase (fungal pme) and rg-i degrading enzymes enabled the extended degradation of methylesterified and acetylated sugar beet pectins (sbps). the released oligomers were separated, identified and quantified using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (hilic) with online electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (esi-it-ms(n)) and evaporative light scattering detection (elsd). by ms(n), ...201224751008
Refresh
firstprev
...11121314151617181920...
nextlast
Displaying items 1001 - 1100 of 4531