Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| robust and ubiquitous gfp expression in a single generation of chicken embryos using the avian retroviral vector, rcasbp. | functional genomics in avian models has lagged behind that of mammals, and the production of transgenic birds has proven to be challenging and time-consuming. all current methods rely upon breeding chimeric birds through at least one generation. here, we report a rapid method for the ubiquitous expression of gfp in chicken embryos in a single generation (g-0), using the avian retroviral vector, replication-competent avian sarcoma-leukosis virus, with a splice acceptor, bryan rsv pol (rcasbp). hi ... | 2009 | 19395148 |
| transmission of surfactant protein variants and haplotypes in children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus. | severity of lung injury with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is variable and may be related to genetic variations. this preliminary report describes a prospective, family-based association study of children hospitalized secondary to rsv, aimed to determine whether intragenic and other haplotypes of surfactant proteins (sp)-a and sp-d are transmitted disproportionately from parents to offspring with rsv disease. genomic dna was genotyped for several sp-a and sp-d single nucleotide pol ... | 2009 | 19287351 |
| effect of dexamethasone on respiratory syncytial virus-induced lung inflammation in children: results of a randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial. | inflammatory mediators play a major role in the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of i.v. dexamethasone on cytokine concentrations in tracheal aspirates (ta) of children with severe rsv disease and to correlate them with disease severity. twenty-five cytokines were measured in ta obtained from children <2 yr old intubated for severe rsv disease, and enrolled in a double-blind study of i.v. dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg; ... | 2009 | 19397752 |
| lack of antibody affinity maturation due to poor toll-like receptor stimulation leads to enhanced respiratory syncytial virus disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of hospitalization in infants. a formalin-inactivated rsv vaccine was used to immunize children and elicited nonprotective, pathogenic antibody. immunized infants experienced increased morbidity after subsequent rsv exposure. no vaccine has been licensed since that time. a widely accepted hypothesis attributed the vaccine failure to formalin disruption of protective antigens. here we show that the lack of protection was not due to alterations ... | 2009 | 19079256 |
| structural characterization of the rous sarcoma virus rna stability element. | in eukaryotic cells, an mrna bearing a premature termination codon (ptc) or an abnormally long 3' untranslated region (utr) is often degraded by the nonsense-mediated mrna decay (nmd) pathway. despite the presence of a 5- to 7-kb 3' utr, unspliced retroviral rna escapes this degradation. we previously identified the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) stability element (rse), an rna element downstream of the gag natural translation termination codon that prevents degradation of the unspliced viral rna. ins ... | 2009 | 19091866 |
| [lower respiratory tract infections with influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses in hospitalized elderly patients during the 2005-2006 winter season]. | to assess the proportion of lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) attributable to influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) during the 2005-2006 winter period, among hospitalized elderly in a geriatric unit of a french hospital near paris and and describe the characteristics of these infections. | 2009 | 19097850 |
| palivizumab: where to from here? | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of respiratory tract infections. in severely immunosuppressed patients rsv can cause significant morbidity and mortality. the only fda-approved drug for rsv is aerosolized ribavirin. given the high morbidity and mortality in high-risk populations and inconsistent results with aerosolized ribavirin, new strategies for prevention and treatment of rsv are being sought. palivizumab is an rsv-specific monoclonal antibody. a randomized, double-blind, ... | 2009 | 19063700 |
| virus-specific ige enhances airway responsiveness on reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus in newborn mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific ige is a component of the host response to rsv infection, but its role in the subsequent enhancement of altered airway responsiveness is unknown. | 2009 | 19056111 |
| excess drug prescriptions during influenza and rsv seasons in the netherlands: potential implications for extended influenza vaccination. | influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections are responsible for considerable morbidity, mortality and health-care resource use. for the netherlands, we estimated age and risk-group specific numbers of antibiotics, otologicals and cardiovascular prescriptions per 10,000 person-years during periods with elevated activity of influenza or rsv, and compared these with peri-season rates. data were taken from the university of groningen in-house prescription database (www.iadb.nl) and vi ... | 2009 | 19071185 |
| respiratory syncytial virus neutralizing antibodies in cord blood, respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization, and recurrent wheeze. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalization is associated with wheeze. | 2009 | 19101023 |
| genetic diversity of the host and severe respiratory syncytial virus-induced lower respiratory tract infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced lower respiratory tract disease is a common problem in children and adults in western societies. the clinical range of rsv infection from asymptomatic to respiratory distress syndrome is believed to be the outcome of viral and host immunity interactions. genes associated with immune response are of particular interest regarding genetic predisposition to severe rsv infection. several investigators have sought to identify genetic markers for high-risk pati ... | 2009 | 19106772 |
| dscg reduces rsv-induced illness in rsv-infected mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the pathogens generally associated with the common cold, lower respiratory infection, and exacerbation of asthma. disodium cromoglycate (dscg) is a safe and widely used drug for the prevention of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis attacks. the effect of dscg on acute upper respiratory tract viral infections remains controversial. the purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of dscg on parameters of rsv induced-illness. using a well-chara ... | 2009 | 19107959 |
| pulmonary v gamma 4+ gamma delta t cells have proinflammatory and antiviral effects in viral lung disease. | host defenses, while effecting viral clearance, contribute substantially to inflammation and disease. this double action is a substantial obstacle to the development of safe and effective vaccines against many agents, particularly respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). rsv is a common cold virus and the major cause of infantile bronchiolitis worldwide. the role of alphabeta t cells in rsv-driven immunopathology is well studied, but little is known about the role of "unconventional" t cells. during p ... | 2009 | 19124761 |
| temperature affects expression of symptoms induced by soybean mosaic virus in homozygous and heterozygous plants. | seven strains (g1 to g7) of soybean mosaic virus (smv) and 3 resistance loci (rsv1, rsv3, and rsv4) have been identified in soybean. the interaction of smv strains and host resistance genes results in resistant (symptomless), susceptible (mosaic), or necrotic (leaf and stem necrosis) reactions. the necrotic reaction may be gene dosage dependent and influenced by temperature. using a set of soybean isolines and hybrids containing homozygous or heterozygous alleles of rsv, rsv1, rsv1-n, rsv3, or r ... | 2009 | 19126638 |
| pc4, a putative movement protein of rice stripe virus, interacts with a type i dnaj protein and a small hsp of rice. | rice stripe virus (rsv) infects rice and causes great yield reduction in some asian countries. in this study, rice cdna library was screened by a gal4-based yeast two-hybrid system using pc4, a putative movement protein of rsv, as the bait. a number of positive colonies were identified and sequence analysis revealed that they might correspond to ten independent proteins. two of them were selected and further characterized. the two proteins were a j protein and a small hsp, respectively. interact ... | 2009 | 19130198 |
| the causal direction in the association between respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization and asthma. | earlier studies have reported an increased risk of asthma after respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalization. other studies found that asthmatic disposition and propensity to wheeze increase the risk of rsv hospitalization. | 2009 | 19130934 |
| respiratory syncytial virus inhibits lung epithelial na+ channels by up-regulating inducible nitric-oxide synthase. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection has been shown to reduce na+-driven alveolar fluid clearance in balb/c mice in vivo. to investigate the cellular mechanisms by which rsv inhibits amiloride-sensitive epithelial na+ channels (enac), the main pathways through which na+ ions enter lung epithelial cells, we infected human clara-like lung (h441) cells with rsv that expresses green fluorescent protein (rra2). 3-6 days later patch clamp recordings showed that infected cells (i.e. cells expres ... | 2009 | 19131335 |
| genetic association study for rsv bronchiolitis in infancy at the 5q31 cytokine cluster. | the pathophysiological basis of severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in infancy is poorly understood and has hindered vaccine development. studies implicate the cell-mediated immune response in the pathogenesis of the disease. a recent twin study estimated a heritable contribution of 22% to rsv bronchiolitis. genetic epidemiology provides a new approach to identifying important immune determinants of disease severity. | 2009 | 19131452 |
| cigarette smoke alters respiratory syncytial virus-induced apoptosis and replication. | individuals exposed to cigarette smoke have a greater number and severity of viral infections, including respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections, than do nonsmokers, but the cellular mechanism is unknown. our objective was to determine the mechanism by which cigarette smoke augments viral infection. we hypothesize that cigarette smoke causes necrosis and prevents virus-induced cellular apoptosis, and that this is associated with increased inflammation and viral replication. primary airway e ... | 2009 | 19131644 |
| efficacy of oral ribavirin in lung transplant patients with respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can cause severe lower respiratory tract infection (lri) and is a risk factor for the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (bos) after lung transplantation (ltx). currently, the most widely used therapy for rsv is inhaled ribavirin. however, this therapy is costly and cumbersome. we investigated the utility of using oral ribavirin for the treatment of rsv infection after ltx. | 2009 | 19134533 |
| lower levels of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in peripheral blood are associated with a diagnosis of asthma 6 yr after severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdc) play a crucial role in antiviral immunity and promoting th1 polarization, possibly protecting against development of allergic disease. examination of the relationship between peripheral blood plasmacytoid dc levels and manifestations of asthma and atopy early in life. we have isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from 73 children (mean age +/- sd: 6.6 +/- 0.5 yr old) participating in the rsv bronchiolitis in early life (rbel) study. flow cytometry ... | 2009 | 19140903 |
| integrin alphavbeta1 promotes infection by human metapneumovirus. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently described paramyxovirus that causes lower respiratory infections in children and adults worldwide. the hmpv fusion (f) protein is a membrane-anchored glycoprotein and major protective antigen. all hmpv f protein sequences determined to date contain an arg-gly-asp (rgd) sequence, suggesting that f engages rgd-binding integrins to mediate cell entry. the divalent cation chelator edta, which disrupts heterodimeric integrin interactions, inhibits infectivit ... | 2009 | 19164533 |
| an unusual respiratory syncytial virus nosocomial outbreak in an adult psychiatry ward. | herein we report our experience in containing an outbreak of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in a psychiatric ward in central taiwan during a non-widespread rsv seasonal occurrence. a total of 8 patients and 4 healthcare workers in the psychiatric ward developed febrile illness or upper respiratory tract infection symptoms between august 23 and 29, 2005. rsv was identified by either viral culture or reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay. rsv was is ... | 2009 | 19168963 |
| delayed exposure to infections and childhood lymphomas: a case-control study. | delayed exposure to common infections during childhood, have been implied to cause strong immunological response to a single infectious agent that eventually triggers leukemogenesis. the aim of the present study was to investigate whether decreased exposure to infections, as reflected in a more seronegative spectrum to several common infectious agents, is associated with increased risk for the development of childhood lymphomas. | 2009 | 19169895 |
| evidence that selective changes in the lipid composition of raft-membranes occur during respiratory syncytial virus infection. | we examined the structure of lipid-raft membranes in respiratory syncytial virus infected cells. cholesterol depletion studies using methyl-beta-cyclodextrin suggested that membrane cholesterol was required for virus filament formation, but not inclusion bodies. in addition, virus filament formation coincided with elevated 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase expression, suggesting an increase in requirement for endogenous cholesterol synthesis during virus assembly. lipid raft membra ... | 2009 | 19178924 |
| comparison of cytokine responses in nasopharyngeal aspirates from children with viral lower respiratory tract infections. | to determine whether nasopharyngeal aspirates (npas) cytokine response is different according to the causative viruses in children with lower respiratory tract infections (lrti). | 2009 | 19183120 |
| respiratory syncytial virus outbreak in a long-term care facility detected using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction: an argument for real-time detection methods. | to report an outbreak of respiratory synctyial virus (rsv) in a long-term care facility (ltcf) during ongoing routine respiratory illness surveillance. | 2009 | 19187415 |
| gene profiling studies in the neonatal ovine lung show enhancing effects of vegf on the immune response. | preterm and young neonates have an increased predisposition to respiratory distress syndrome (rds) associated with an immature development of lung surfactant. glucocorticoids (gcs) are the major immunomodulatory agents used to increase lung development and reduce the mortality and morbidity of preterm infants with rds. however, their safety remains uncertain, and the precise mechanisms by which they improve lung function are unclear. in previous studies, we found that vascular endothelial growth ... | 2009 | 19189846 |
| establishing a surveillance network for severe lower respiratory tract infections in korean infants and young children. | to reduce morbidity and mortality through integrated case management, a pilot study to detect respiratory viruses in patients with acute lower respiratory infections (alris) was designed as part of a nationwide surveillance for this disease in korea. the study population consisted of hospitalized patients under the age of 5 years with bronchiolitis, pneumonia, croup, or acute respiratory distress syndrome. a prospective 6-month study was performed. two hundred and ninety-seven nasopharyngeal sec ... | 2009 | 19190941 |
| progress towards recombinant anti-infective antibodies. | the global market for monoclonal antibody therapeutics reached a total of $11.2 billion in 2004, with an impressive 42% growth rate over the previous five years and is expected to reach approximately $34 billion by 2010. coupled with this growth are stream-lined product development, production scale-up and regulatory approval processes for the highly conserved antibody structure. while only one of the 21 current fda-approved antibodies, and one of the 38 products in advanced clinical trials targ ... | 2009 | 19149692 |
| [association of inf-gamma/a+874t gene polymorphisms with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis]. | a deficient interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) response has been involved in the pathogenesis of severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. gene polymorphisms in ifn-gamma/a+874t have been associated with the susceptibility to asthma and might be related to disease severity of rsv infection. this study investigated the single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) of ifn-gamma/a+874t in han children in wenzhou area and to explore the correlation between gene polymorphisms of ifn-gamma/a+874t and the ... | 2009 | 19149916 |
| seasonal variation of maternally derived respiratory syncytial virus antibodies and association with infant hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus. | this study used 459 prospectively sampled cord blood samples to examine the association between maternally derived respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-neutralizing antibodies and the rsv hospitalization season in denmark. we found a clear temporal association and suggest that rsv-neutralizing antibody level plays a role in the rsv seasonal pattern. | 2009 | 19150677 |
| respiratory syncytial virus induces oxidative stress by modulating antioxidant enzymes. | oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of lung inflammation. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection induces reactive oxygen species (ros) production in vitro and oxidative injury in lungs in vivo; however, the mechanism of rsv-induced cellular oxidative stress has not been investigated. therefore, we determined whether rsv infection of airway epithelial cells modified the expression and/or activities of antioxidant enzymes (aoe). a549 cells, a human alveolar type ii-li ... | 2009 | 19151318 |
| regulatory t cells promote early influx of cd8+ t cells in the lungs of respiratory syncytial virus-infected mice and diminish immunodominance disparities. | in addition to regulating autoimmunity and antitumor immunity, cd4(+) cd25(+) foxp3(+) natural regulatory t (treg) cells are global regulators of adaptive immune responses. depletion of these cells with the anti-cd25 antibody pc61 prior to primary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection was partial but had several effects on the rsv-specific cd8(+) response in a hybrid mouse model. mediastinal lymph node and spleen epitope-specific cd8(+) t-cell responses were enhanced in treg-cell-depleted ... | 2009 | 19153229 |
| broad spectrum antiviral fractions from the lichen ramalina farinacea (l.) ach. | an ethylacetate-soluble fraction (et4) from the lichen ramalina farinacea has previously been shown to inhibit the infectivity of lentiviral and adenoviral vectors, as well as wild-type hiv-1. we now determined the antiviral activity of et4 against other wild-type viruses, including the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 2009 | 19155620 |
| mast cell degranulation is induced by a549 airway epithelial cell infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a major causative agent of respiratory tract infections, influences allergic diseases. mast cells, important effector cells in allergic disease, also express chemokine (c-x(3)-c motif) receptor 1 (cx(3)cr1). the rsv attachment glycoprotein (g protein) is structurally similar to cx(3)c ligand 1 (cx(3)cl1), the cx(3)cr1 ligand, suggesting that rsv directly interacts with and affects mast cell function, including degranulation. in this paper, the effect of rsv inf ... | 2009 | 19195674 |
| the burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children. | the primary role of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in causing infant hospitalizations is well recognized, but the total burden of rsv infection among young children remains poorly defined. | 2009 | 19196675 |
| human piv-2 recombinant sendai virus (rsev) elicits durable immunity and combines with two additional rsevs to protect against hpiv-1, hpiv-2, hpiv-3, and rsv. | the human parainfluenza viruses (hpivs) and respiratory syncytial viruses (rsvs) are the leading causes of hospitalizations due to respiratory viral disease in infants and young children, but no vaccines are yet available. here we describe the use of recombinant sendai viruses (rsevs) as candidate vaccine vectors for these respiratory viruses in a cotton rat model. two new sendai virus (sev)-based hpiv-2 vaccine constructs were generated by inserting the fusion (f) gene or the hemagglutinin-neur ... | 2009 | 19200447 |
| optimization strategy to minimize wastage of palivizumab during the 2008 rsv season in são paulo, brazil. | palivizumab is currently recommended to high-risk children as a prophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. however, it is still very expensive for developing countries like brazil. herein, we describe our strategy to minimize wastage of palivizumab during the 2008 rsv season. appointments were fixed for 304 children on 2 days of the week, so that a mean of 19.9 children received palivizumab per day. that allowed remaining volumes of palivizumab vials to be pooled and used for o ... | 2009 | 19203985 |
| infant exposure to fine particulate matter and traffic and risk of hospitalization for rsv bronchiolitis in a region with lower ambient air pollution. | few studies investigate the impact of air pollution on the leading cause of infant morbidity, acute bronchiolitis. we investigated the influence of pm(2.5) and other metrics of traffic-derived air pollution exposure using a matched case-control dataset derived from 1997 to 2003 birth and infant hospitalization records from the puget sound region, washington state. mean daily pm(2.5) exposure for 7, 30, 60 and lifetime days before case bronchiolitis hospitalization date were derived from communit ... | 2009 | 19211100 |
| a chimeric a2 strain of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) with the fusion protein of rsv strain line 19 exhibits enhanced viral load, mucus, and airway dysfunction. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of respiratory failure and viral death in infants. abundant airway mucus contributes to airway obstruction in rsv disease. interleukin-13 (il-13) is a mediator of pulmonary mucus secretion. it has been shown that infection of balb/c mice with the rsv line 19 strain but not with the rsv a2 laboratory strain results in lung il-13 and mucus expression. here, we sequenced the rsv line 19 genome and compared it to the commonly used a2 and long st ... | 2009 | 19211758 |
| school age outcome of hospitalisation with respiratory syncytial virus infection of prematurely born infants. | hospitalisation due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the first 2 years after birth has been associated with increased healthcare utilisation and associated costs up to 5 years of age in children born prematurely at less than 32 weeks of gestation who developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd). a study was undertaken to determine whether hospitalisation due to rsv infection in the first 2 years was associated with increased morbidity and lung function abnormalities in such childr ... | 2009 | 19213770 |
| micronutrient concentrations in respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus in yemeni children. | acute respiratory infections (ari) cause significant childhood mortality. nutritional homeostasis, particularly micronutrient levels, is important in modulating response to infection. more information is required regarding micronutrient levels in ari viral infections, especially newly identified viruses such as human metapneumovirus (hmpv). | 2009 | 19222932 |
| foreign glycoproteins can be actively recruited to virus assembly sites during pseudotyping. | retroviruses like human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), as well as many other enveloped viruses, can efficiently produce infectious virus in the absence of their own surface glycoprotein if a suitable glycoprotein from a foreign virus is expressed in the same cell. this process of complementation, known as pseudotyping, often can occur even when the glycoprotein is from an unrelated virus. although pseudotyping is widely used for engineering chimeric viruses, it has remained unknown wheth ... | 2009 | 19224995 |
| recognizing the importance of respiratory syncytial virus in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) are responsible for a large proportion of the health care dollar expenditure, morbidity, and mortality related to copd. respiratory infections are the most common cause of acute exacerbations, but recent evidence indicates that the importance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in copd is under-appreciated. improved detection of rsv using techniques based on the polymerase chain reaction accounts for much of the incre ... | 2009 | 19229710 |
| respiratory syncytial virus: from primary care to critical care. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common disease in pediatrics. certain subpopulations of children are at greatest risk for serious disease. however, previously healthy children also may become critically ill. in the clinic or the intensive care unit, children with rsv pose the challenge of how to treat a disease when evidence to support therapeutic options is severely limited. prophylaxis is an option for certain children, although many do not qualify. rsv has been implicated in continued ... | 2009 | 19232926 |
| intranasal immunization with a replication-deficient adenoviral vector expressing the fusion glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus elicits protective immunity in balb/c mice. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a serious pediatric pathogen of the lower respiratory tract worldwide. there is currently no clinically approved vaccine against rsv infection. recently, it has been shown that a replication-deficient first generation adenoviral vector (fgad), which encodes modified rsv attachment glycoprotein (g), elicits long-term protective immunity against rsv infection in mice. the major problem in developing such a vaccine is that g protein lacks mhc-i-restricted ... | 2009 | 19233131 |
| murine host responses to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) following intranasal administration of a protollin-adjuvanted, epitope-enhanced recombinant g protein vaccine. | immunization of mice with the g protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) characteristically induces an immune response that is partially protective, but which can prime for pulmonary eosinophilia. we have shown previously that the n191a mutation in a recombinant rsv g protein fragment is associated with reduced pulmonary eosinophilic infiltration when administered with alum subcutaneously in balb/c mice followed by rsv challenge. we hypothesize that the performance of this "epitope enhanced" ... | 2009 | 19233722 |
| fas ligand is required for the development of respiratory syncytial virus vaccine-enhanced disease. | children immunized with a formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine experienced enhanced disease and exhibited pulmonary eosinophilia upon natural rsv infection. balb/c mice immunized with either formalin-inactivated rsv or a recombinant vaccinia virus (vacv) expressing the rsv attachment (g) protein develop extensive pulmonary eosinophilia after rsv challenge that mimics the eosinophilic response observed in the children during the 1960s vaccine trials. fas ligand (fasl) is ... | 2009 | 19234198 |
| subversion of pulmonary dendritic cell function by paramyxovirus infections. | lower respiratory tract infections caused by the paramyxoviruses human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are characterized by short-lasting virus-specific immunity and often long-term airway morbidity, both of which may be the result of alterations in the ag-presenting function of the lung which follow these infections. in this study, we investigated whether hmpv and rsv experimental infections alter the phenotype and function of dendritic cell (dc) subsets that are re ... | 2009 | 19234204 |
| epidemiological and clinical study of viral respiratory tract infections in children from italy. | impact of recently discovered viruses on epidemiology of acute respiratory tract infections (arti) is still unclear. we studied the impact of recently discovered human metapneumovirus (hmpv), human bocavirus (hbov), and new coronaviruses (hcov-nl63 and hku1) on the global epidemiology of arti. from october 2006 to april 2007, 237 pediatric patients affected by arti were enrolled in our study. specimens were tested for respiratory viruses by polymerase chain reaction. one hundred twenty-four out ... | 2009 | 19235872 |
| in very young infants severity of acute bronchiolitis depends on carried viruses. | rt amplification reaction has revealed that various single viruses or viral co-infections caused acute bronchiolitis in infants, and rv appeared to have a growing involvement in early respiratory diseases. because remaining controversial, the objective was to determine prospectively the respective role of rsv, rv, hmpv and co-infections on the severity of acute bronchiolitis in very young infants. | 2009 | 19240806 |
| characterization and subcellular localization of an rna silencing suppressor encoded by rice stripe tenuivirus. | rice stripe virus (rsv) is a single-stranded (ss) rna virus belonging to the genus tenuivirus. rsv is present in many east asian countries and causes severe diseases in rice fields, especially in china. in this study, we analyzed six proteins encoded by the virus for their abilities to suppress rna silencing in plant using a green fluorescent protein (gfp)-based transient expression assay. our results indicate that ns3 encoded by rsv rna3, but not other five rsv encoded proteins, can strongly su ... | 2009 | 19251298 |
| surface features of a mononegavirales matrix protein indicate sites of membrane interaction. | the matrix protein (m) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the prototype viral member of the pneumovirinae (family paramyxoviridae, order mononegavirales), has been crystallized and the structure determined to a resolution of 1.6 a. the structure comprises 2 compact beta-rich domains connected by a relatively unstructured linker region. due to the high degree of side-chain order in the structure, an extensive contiguous area of positive surface charge covering approximately 600 a(2) can be res ... | 2009 | 19251668 |
| treatment with respiratory syncytial virus g glycoprotein monoclonal antibody or f(ab')2 components mediates reduced pulmonary inflammation in mice. | therapeutic treatment with a non-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mab) (131-2g) specific to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g glycoprotein mediates virus clearance and decreases leukocyte trafficking and interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) production in the lungs of rsv-infected mice. its f(ab')(2) component only mediates decreased leukocyte trafficking and ifn-gamma production without reducing virus replication. thus, this mab has two independent actions that could facilitate treatment and/or preve ... | 2009 | 19264600 |
| genetic diversity and population structure of rice stripe virus in china. | rice stripe virus (rsv) is one of the most economically important pathogens of rice and is repeatedly epidemic in china, japan and korea. the most recent outbreak of rsv in eastern china in 2000 caused significant losses and raised serious concerns. in this paper, we provide a genotyping profile of rsv field isolates and describe the population structure of rsv in china, based on the nucleotide sequences of isolates collected from different geographical regions during 1997-2004. rsv isolates cou ... | 2009 | 19264655 |
| characterization of respiratory syncytial virus m- and m2-specific cd4 t cells in a murine model. | cd4 t cells have been shown to play an important role in the immunity and immunopathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. we identified two novel cd4 t-cell epitopes in the rsv m and m2 proteins with core sequences m(213-223) (fkyikpqsqfi) and m2(27-37) (yfewpphallv). peptides containing the epitopes stimulated rsv-specific cd4 t cells to produce gamma interferon (ifn-gamma), interleukin 2 (il-2), and other th1- and th2-type cytokines in an i-a(b)-restricted pattern. construct ... | 2009 | 19264776 |
| immune dysregulation in severe influenza. | among previously healthy children with severe influenza, the mechanisms leading to increased pathology are not understood. we hypothesized that children with severe influenza would have high levels of circulating cytokines. to examine this, we recruited patients with severe influenza and examined plasma cytokine levels as well as the ability of peripheral blood cells to respond to stimuli. ten patients with severe influenza were enrolled during the 2005-2007 influenza seasons. we evaluated plasm ... | 2009 | 19276177 |
| association of tnf-alpha with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection and bronchial asthma. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf-)alpha is a proinflammatory cytokine that is important in the innate host defence and thus in the defence of infectious agents. however, in excess it provokes the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. the aim of this study was to test association of tnf with severe rsv bronchiolitis as example of an infectious disease and asthma as representative for a chronic inflammatory condition. the following study populations were genotyped for 4 polymorphisms within tnf- ... | 2009 | 18811622 |
| respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis: a survey of pediatric solid organ transplant centers. | rsv can cause respiratory illness after sot, yet preventive recommendations are lacking for this population. to ascertain current preventive practices against rsv disease in pediatric sot candidates and recipients, a survey was developed. the survey was mailed to 108 sot programs in the united states (liver, 42; heart, 28; lung, 11; intestinal, 25; and heart-lung, 2). results were tabulated and analyzed using standard methods. sixty-two percent (67/108) of surveys were completed. forty-nine perc ... | 2009 | 18785906 |
| multiple viral respiratory pathogens in children with bronchiolitis. | the aim of the study was to describe the frequency of viral pathogens and relative frequency of co-infections in nasal specimens obtained from young children with bronchiolitis receiving care at a children's hospital. | 2009 | 18785966 |
| inhibition of na+ transport in lung epithelial cells by respiratory syncytial virus infection. | we investigated the mechanisms by which respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection decreases vectorial na+ transport across respiratory epithelial cells. mouse tracheal epithelial (mte) cells from either balb/c or c57bl/6 mice and human airway h441 cells were grown on semipermeable supports under an air-liquid interface. cells were infected with rsv-a2 and mounted in ussing chambers for measurements of short-circuit currents (i(sc)). infection with rsv for 24 hours (multiplicity of infection = ... | 2009 | 18952569 |
| antiviral activity of nrf2 in a murine model of respiratory syncytial virus disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most frequent cause of significant lower respiratory illness in infants and young children, but its pathogenesis is not fully understood. the transcription factor nrf2 protects lungs from oxidative injury and inflammation via antioxidant response element (are)-mediated gene induction. | 2009 | 18931336 |
| lipopolysaccharide induces il-6 production in respiratory syncytial virus-infected airway epithelial cells through the toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of bronchiolitis in young children. microbial agents such as endotoxin and rsv are implicated in airway inflammation during the development of reactive airway disease (rad) later in childhood. toll-like receptors (tlrs) are involved in an inflammation cascade through pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition including lipopolysaccharide (lps) and viral components. in this study, we investigated the expression of tlrs and cytokine-chemo ... | 2009 | 18948841 |
| effect of variation in rantes promoter on serum rantes levels and risk of recurrent wheezing after rsv bronchiolitis in children from han, southern china. | to investigate the association among rantes (regulated on activation normal t cell expressed and secreted) gene promoter polymorphism, serum rantes levels, and recurrent wheezing after rsv (respiratory syncytial virus) bronchiolitis in children (1-12 months of age) from han, southern china. three hundred twenty children with rsv bronchiolitis and 272 controls were enrolled in the 3-year follow-up study. the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-relp), enzyme-lin ... | 2009 | 19005677 |
| tlr4 and myd88 control protection and pulmonary granulocytic recruitment in a murine intranasal rsv immunization and challenge model. | an intranasal vaccine composed of toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) ligand neisseria meningitidis outer membrane proteins and toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) ligand shigella flexneri lipopolysaccharide (lps) (protollin) and enriched respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) proteins (ersv) has been demonstrated to promote balanced th1/th2 responses without eosinophil recruitment and to protect against challenge in mouse models. we used tlr2, tlr4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (myd88) knock-out (-/-) mice ... | 2009 | 19013492 |
| characterization of a persistent respiratory syncytial virus showing a low-fusogenic activity associated to an impaired f protein. | in this work we have characterized the virus (rsv(48)) present in passage 48 of a respiratory syncytial virus persistently infected murine macrophage-like cell culture. this virus was noncytopathic in macrophages and had a low-fusogenic activity in rsv-permissive cell lines, although the level of this activity varied among the different cell lines tested. the fusogenic activity of rsv(48) in vero cells, as evaluated by the number and size (nuclei per syncytium) of syncytia, was lower than that s ... | 2009 | 19014983 |
| respiratory syncytial virus activates innate immunity through toll-like receptor 2. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of infection that is associated with a range of respiratory illnesses, from common cold-like symptoms to serious lower respiratory tract illnesses such as pneumonia and bronchiolitis. rsv is the single most important cause of serious lower respiratory tract illness in children <1 year of age. host innate and acquired immune responses activated following rsv infection have been suspected to contribute to rsv disease. toll-like receptors (tlrs) a ... | 2009 | 19019963 |
| identification of viral and atypical bacterial pathogens in children hospitalized with acute respiratory infections in hong kong by multiplex pcr assays. | acute respiratory tract infection is a leading cause of hospital admission of children. this study used a broad capture, rapid and sensitive method (multiplex pcr assay) to detect 20 different respiratory pathogens including influenza a subtypes h1, h3, and h5; influenza b; parainfluenza types 1, 2, 3, and 4; respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) groups a and b; adenoviruses; human rhinoviruses; enteroviruses; human metapneumoviruses; human coronaviruses oc43, 229e, and sars-cov; chlamydophila pneum ... | 2009 | 19031443 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in children admitted to hospital but ventilated mechanically for other reasons. | one thousand five hundred sixty-eight rsv infections were documented prospectively in 1,541 pediatric patients. of these, 20 (1.3%) had acquired the rsv infection while treated by mechanical ventilation for reasons other than the actual rsv infection (group ventilated mechanically). the clinical characteristics of children who were infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection while ventilated mechanically for other reasons are described and compared with a matched control group. six ... | 2009 | 19031467 |
| comparison of four nasal sampling methods for the detection of viral pathogens by rt-pcr-a ga(2)len project. | the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and patient discomfort between four techniques for obtaining nasal secretions. nasal secretions from 58 patients with symptoms of a common cold, from three clinical centers (amsterdam, lodz, oslo), were obtained by four different methods: swab, aspirate, brush, and wash. in each patient all four sampling procedures were performed and patient discomfort was evaluated by a visual discomfort scale (scale 1-5) after each procedure. single pathogen rt ... | 2009 | 19041346 |
| association of respiratory virus activity and environmental factors with the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease. | to correlate the incidence rate of invasive pneumococcal disease (ipd) with fluctuations in respiratory virus activity and environmental factors in christchurch, new zealand. | 2009 | 19042025 |
| [human metapneumovirus]. | the human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a new pneumovirinae related to the avian metapneumovirus type c. hmpv genome differs from human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) genome by the gene order and the lack of nonstructural genes. two genetic sub-groups and four sub-types of hmpv are identified. hmpv infections evolve as regular winter outbreaks which have roughly the same size and overlaping rsv epidemics. among hospitalized children in caen, hmpv is detected in 9.7% of the cases after rsv (37%), ... | 2009 | 18515017 |
| pre-existing disease is associated with a significantly higher risk of death in severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | 600,000 deaths worldwide are estimated to be directly or indirectly attributable to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 2009 | 18653625 |
| healthy but not rsv-infected lung epithelial cells profoundly inhibit t cell activation. | respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), can cause asthma exacerbations and bronchiolitis. both conditions are associated with enhanced cognate immune responses and inflammation and reduced immune regulation. lung epithelial cells (lecs) can contribute to antiviral and allergic immune responses while gut epithelial cells can inhibit effector t cell responses. a study was performed to determine whether healthy lecs regulate antigen-specific t cell responses and if this re ... | 2009 | 18710906 |
| first report on fatal myocarditis associated with adenovirus infection in cuba. | myocarditis is caused frequently by viral infections of the myocardium. in the past, enteroviruses (ev) were considered the most common cause of myocarditis in all age groups. other viruses that cause myocarditis are adenovirus and influenza viruses. parvovirus b19 infection is associated sometimes with myocarditis. members of the herpesviridae family, cytomegalovirus (cmv), and human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) have been associated occasionally with myocarditis. during an atypical outbreak of acute f ... | 2008 | 18712847 |
| nef can enhance the infectivity of receptor-pseudotyped human immunodeficiency virus type 1 particles. | nef is an accessory protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) that enhances the infectivity of progeny virions when expressed in virus-producing cells. the requirement for nef for optimal infectivity is, at least in part, determined by the envelope (env) glycoprotein, because it can be eliminated by pseudotyping hiv-1 particles with ph-dependent env proteins. to investigate the role of env in the function of nef, we have examined the effect of nef on the infectivity of env-deficient ... | 2008 | 18715908 |
| [human bocavirus-infection (hbov): an important cause of severe viral obstructive bronchitis in children]. | apart from established pathogens of lower respiratory tract infections, such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), an increasing number of additional agents has been identified in recent years. in 2005 the human bocavirus (hbov) has been isolated from respiratory tract samples and has been reported worldwide with frequencies ranging from 1.5 to 18.3% in respiratory samples from children with airway infections. | 2008 | 18716982 |
| optimization of plasmid-only rescue of highly attenuated and temperature-sensitive respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine candidates for human trials. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of severe bronchiolitis in infants and young children in the u.s. no licensed rsv vaccines are currently available. established techniques for recovering rsv from cdna utilize mammalian cells, such as hep-2 or bsr t7/5, that are not currently suitable for vaccine manufacture. when using hep-2 cells, co-infection with an attenuated vaccinia virus that expresses t7 rna polymerase is also required. for human clinical trials, processes that ... | 2008 | 18722472 |
| cigarette smoke condensate enhances respiratory syncytial virus-induced chemokine release by modulating nf-kappa b and interferon regulatory factor activation. | exposure to cigarette smoke is a risk factor contributing to the severity of respiratory tract infections associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). stimulation of airway epithelial cells by either rsv or cigarette smoke condensate (csc) has been shown to induce secretion of the proinflammatory chemokines. however, the effect of coexposure of airway epithelial cells to csc and rsv on inducible chemokine production has not been previously investigated. the results of this study indicate t ... | 2008 | 18723827 |
| tiotropium bromide attenuates respiratory syncytial virus replication in epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection could be related to airway inflammation as well as exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). tiotropium bromide decreases the frequency of exacerbation in patients with copd; however, the mechanisms of tiotropium bromide to reduce the chances of exacerbation have not been defined. one potential mechanism could be that tiotropium bromide protects against rsv infection in epithelial cells. | 2008 | 18728351 |
| oncogenesis by retroviruses: old and new paradigms. | retroviruses are associated with a variety of diseases including an array of malignancies, immunodeficiencies and neurological disorders. in particular, studies of oncogenic retroviruses established fundamental principles of modern molecular cancer biology. studies of avian rous sarcoma virus (rsv) led to the discovery of the viral oncogene src, and this was followed by the discovery of other viral oncogenes in retroviruses of mammals including rodents, cats, monkeys and so forth. studies of the ... | 2008 | 18729235 |
| relevance of viral context and diversity of antigen-processing routes for respiratory syncytial virus cytotoxic t-lymphocyte epitopes. | antigen processing of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) protein epitopes f85-93 and f249-258 presented to cytotoxic t-lymphocytes (ctls) by the murine major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecule kd was studied in different viral contexts. epitope f85-93 was presented through a classical endogenous pathway dependent on the transporters associated with antigen processing (tap) when the f protein was expressed from either rsv or recombinant vaccinia virus (rvacv). at least in ... | 2008 | 18753229 |
| cytokine response after severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in early life. | immune response after viral infection usually involves t(h)1-mediated response; however, severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection appears to be associated with the development of asthma, a t(h)2-predominant phenotype. | 2008 | 18760461 |
| vaccination of calves using the brsv nucleocapsid protein in a dna prime-protein boost strategy stimulates cell-mediated immunity and protects the lungs against brsv replication and pathology. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of respiratory disease in both cattle and young children. despite the development of vaccines against bovine (b)rsv, incomplete protection and exacerbation of subsequent rsv disease have occurred. in order to circumvent these problems, calves were vaccinated with the nucleocapsid protein, known to be a major target of cd8(+) t cells in cattle. this was performed according to a dna prime-protein boost strategy. the results showed that dna vaccina ... | 2008 | 18644416 |
| pertussis and respiratory syncytial virus infections. | during the winter 2005-2006, all infants <4 months of age admitted for bronchiolitis or acute respiratory tract infection in a tertiary care pediatric hospital in paris were tested for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and pertussis with real-time polymerase-chain reaction (rt-pcr). a positive pertussis-pcr was found in 14/90 (16%) infants infected with rsv and in 5/30 negative for rsv. similar clinical symptoms were found in all rsv-positive infants with or without pertussis co-infection. most ... | 2008 | 18034357 |
| epidemiologic characteristics and seasonal distribution of human metapneumovirus infections in five epidemic seasons in stockholm, sweden, 2002-2006. | the presence of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) was analyzed retrospectively by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) in five epidemic seasons, in stockholm, 2002-2006. the occurrence of hmpv was compared with five common respiratory viruses; respiratory syncytial virus, influenza a virus, influenza b virus, parainfluenza virus and adenovirus. with a detection rate of 2.9% (n = 143/4,989) in nasopharyngeal samples over the whole period, hmpv was the fourth most common respiratory ... | 2008 | 18649344 |
| wheezy babies--wheezy adults? review on long-term outcome until adulthood after early childhood wheezing. | population-based birth cohort studies have documented that about 30% of children suffer from wheezing during respiratory infection before their third birthday. recurrent wheezing is common in early childhood, but most patients outgrow their symptoms by school age. however, recent long-term postbronchiolitis follow-up studies from sweden and finland have revealed that asthma is present in about 40% of young adults and over half of the cases are relapses after many symptom-free years. in populatio ... | 2008 | 18052998 |
| [nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections in three cases in a bone marrow transplantation unit]. | here we report the spread of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection among three patients, who were hospitalized in an adult hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (hsct) unit because of hematologic diseases, and effects of rsv infection on post-transplant outcome. the patients were placed into reverse isolation for administration of preparative regimens (high dose chemotherapy) in hsct unit with high-energy particulate air (hepa)-filtered single rooms. first case was a 62 years-old man with ... | 2008 | 18697436 |
| cytokine production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of mite allergen-sensitized atopic adults stimulated with respiratory syncytial virus and mite allergen. | the interaction between viral respiratory tract infection and allergen sensitization in allergic asthma is unclear. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has attracted attention as an important lower respiratory pathogen during childhood, while recent evidence indicates that rsv is also an important lower respiratory pathogen for adults. immunity against rsv differs between children and adults. several reports suggest that rsv infection in children results in a th2-skewed immune response. the purpos ... | 2008 | 18204281 |
| human metapneumovirus in lung transplant recipients and comparison to respiratory syncytial virus. | human metapneumovirus is a newly described virus isolated in 2001 from children with acute respiratory viral infection. it has subsequently been reported globally, although there are limited data in lung transplant recipients. | 2008 | 18658110 |
| seasonality of primary care utilization for respiratory diseases in ontario: a time-series analysis. | respiratory diseases represent a significant burden in primary care. determining the temporal variation of the overall burden of respiratory diseases on the health care system and their potential causes are keys to understanding disease dynamics in populations and can contribute to the rational management of health care resources. | 2008 | 18662391 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection and disease in infants and young children observed from birth in kilifi district, kenya. | in developing countries, there are few data that characterize the disease burden attributable to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and clearly define which age group to target for vaccine intervention. | 2008 | 18171213 |
| flip-2 study: risk factors linked to respiratory syncytial virus infection requiring hospitalization in premature infants born in spain at a gestational age of 32 to 35 weeks. | ex-premature infants are more predisposed to complicated primary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the aim of the present study was to validate the risk factors found in a previous epidemiologic case-control study regarding hospitalization as a result of rsv infection in premature infants born at 32-35 weeks of gestational age (wga) in spain. | 2008 | 18664927 |
| host species-specific usage of the tlr4-lps receptor complex. | recognition of lps depends on the interaction of at least three molecules forming the lps-receptor complex. the most important ones, cd14, md2 and toll-like receptor (tlr) 4 share a high degree of homology between species. in the present study, we investigated the importance of species-specific restriction on the recognition of lps using stably transfected hek293 cell lines expressing either human or bovine lps-receptor complex components. species-specific md2 appeared to confer lps recognition, ... | 2008 | 18669608 |
| bench-to-bedside review: rare and common viral infections in the intensive care unit--linking pathophysiology to clinical presentation. | viral infections are common causes of respiratory tract disease in the outpatient setting but much less common in the intensive care unit. however, a finite number of viral agents cause respiratory tract disease in the intensive care unit. some viruses, such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and varicella-zoster virus (vzv), are relatively common. others, such as adenovirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-coronavirus, hantavirus, and the viral hemo ... | 2008 | 18671826 |
| purkinje-cell-preferential transduction by lentiviral vectors with the murine stem cell virus promoter. | viral-vector-mediated gene delivery into purkinje cells is a promising method for exploring the pathophysiology of the cerebellum; however, it is generally difficult to achieve sufficiently high levels of gene expression in purkinje cells using viral vectors with a cell-type-specific promoter because of the weakness of transcriptional activity. in this study, we prepared lentiviral vectors that express gfp under the control of various ubiquitous promoters derived from murine stem cell virus (msc ... | 2008 | 18675313 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections in children with acute myeloid leukemia: a report from the children's oncology group. | morbidity and mortality related to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (aml) is not known. | 2008 | 18680152 |
| retroviral nucleocapsid proteins display nonequivalent levels of nucleic acid chaperone activity. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) nucleocapsid protein (nc) is a nucleic acid chaperone that facilitates the remodeling of nucleic acids during various steps of the viral life cycle. two main features of nc's chaperone activity are its abilities to aggregate and to destabilize nucleic acids. these functions are associated with nc's highly basic character and with its zinc finger domains, respectively. while the chaperone activity of hiv-1 nc has been extensively studied, less is known ... | 2008 | 18684831 |
| host immunity during rsv pathogenesis. | infection by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of childhood hospitalization as well as a major health and economic burden worldwide. unfortunately, rsv infection provides only limited immune protection to reinfection, mostly due to inadequate immunological memory, which leads to an exacerbated inflammatory response in the respiratory tract promoting airway damage during virus clearance. this exacerbated and inefficient immune-inflammatory response triggered by rsv, has often ... | 2008 | 18687294 |