Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| progress in filovirus vaccine development: evaluating the potential for clinical use. | marburg and ebola viruses cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates. currently, there are no effective treatments and no licensed vaccines; although a number of vaccine platforms have proven successful in animal models. the ideal filovirus vaccine candidate should be able to provide rapid protection following a single immunization, have the potential to work postexposure and be cross-reactive or multivalent against all marburg virus strains and all relevant ebola virus speci ... | 2011 | 21162622 |
| a functional c-terminal traf3-binding site in mavs participates in positive and negative regulation of the ifn antiviral response. | recognition of viral rna structures by the cytosolic sensor retinoic acid-inducible gene-i (rig-i) results in the activation of signaling cascades that culminate with the generation of the type i interferon (ifn) antiviral response. onset of antiviral and inflammatory responses to viral pathogens necessitates the regulated spatiotemporal recruitment of signaling adapters, kinases and transcriptional proteins to the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (mavs). we previously demonstrated that ... | 2011 | 21200404 |
| 14-3-3sigma regulates b-cell homeostasis through stabilization of foxo1. | 14-3-3σ regulates cytokinesis and cell cycle arrest induced by dna damage but its role in the immune system is unknown. using gene-targeted 14-3-3σ-deficient (i.e., ko) mice, we studied the role of 14-3-3σ in b-cell functions. total numbers of b cells were reduced by spontaneous apoptosis of peripheral b cells. upon b-cell antigen receptor engagement in vitro, ko b cells did not proliferate properly or up-regulate cd86. in response to t cell-independent antigens, ko b cells showed poor secretion ... | 2011 | 21205887 |
| the n(0)-binding region of the vesicular stomatitis virus phosphoprotein is globally disordered but contains transient α-helices. | the phosphoprotein (p) of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) interacts with nascent nucleoprotein (n), forming the n(0)-p complex that is indispensable for the correct encapsidation of newly synthesized viral rna genome. in this complex, the n-terminal region (p(ntr)) of p prevents n from binding to cellular rna and keeps it available for encapsidating viral rna genomes. here, using nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy and small-angle x-ray scattering (saxs), we show that an isolated pept ... | 2011 | 21207454 |
| trim56 is a virus- and interferon-inducible e3 ubiquitin ligase that restricts pestivirus infection. | the tripartite motif (trim) protein family comprises more than 60 members that have diverse functions in various biological processes. although a small number of trim proteins have been shown to regulate innate immunity, much remains to be learned about the functions of the majority of the trim proteins. here we identify trim56 as a cellular protein associated with the n-terminal protease (n(pro)) of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a pestiviral interferon antagonist which degrades interferon ... | 2011 | 21289118 |
| the nlrp3 inflammasome detects encephalomyocarditis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus infection. | inflammasomes are cytosolic protein complexes that regulate caspase-1 activation and the secretion of interleukin-1ß (il-1ß) and il-18. several different inflammasome complexes have been identified, but the nlrp3 inflammasome is particularly notable because of its central role in diseases of inflammation. recent work has demonstrated an essential role for the nlrp3 inflammasome in host defense against influenza virus. we show here that two other rna viruses, encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and ... | 2011 | 21289120 |
| assessment of bioactivity of a recombinant chicken interferon-gamma expressed using a baculovirus expression system. | the full-length coding sequence of chicken interferon-? (chifn-?) was cloned into a baculovirus nonfusion vector, pfastbacdual, and expressed in sf21 insect cells. recombinant chifn-? (rchifn-?) protein was found to be expressed both intracellularly as well as in the culture supernatants. the affinity-purified rchifn-? contained 14, 17, and 28 kda proteins, possibly representing both glycosylated and nonglycosylated protein forms of chifn-?. the bioactivity of rchifn-? was confirmed in vitro by ... | 2011 | 21291322 |
| cytosolic lysine residues enhance anterograde transport and activation of the erythropoietin receptor. | lysine residues are key residues in many cellular processes, in part due to their ability to accept a wide variety of post-translational modifications. in the present study, we identify the epo-r [epo (erythropoietin) receptor] cytosolic lysine residues as enhancers of receptor function. epo-r drives survival, proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells via binding of its ligand epo. we mutated the five epo-r cytosolic lysine residues to arginine residues (5kr epo-r), elimina ... | 2011 | 21291419 |
| engineering fibrinogen-binding vsv-g envelope for spatially- and cell-controlled lentivirus delivery through fibrin hydrogels. | we recently demonstrated that fibrin hydrogels can be used as vehicles for efficient lentivirus gene delivery. gene transfer in fibrin gels was strongly dependent on matrix degradation by target cells but a fraction of lentiviral particles diffused out of the gels over time compromising spatial control of gene transfer. to overcome this challenge, we engineered lentiviral particles that bind covalently to fibrin during polymerization. to this end, we fused into the viral envelope glycoprotein (v ... | 2011 | 21296411 |
| il-15 and type i interferon are required for activation of tumoricidal nk cells by virus-infected dendritic cells. | there is increasing evidence that natural killer (nk) cells play an important role in antitumor immunity following dendritic cell (dc) vaccination. little is known, however, about the optimal stimulation of dcs that favors nk activation in tumor-bearing hosts. in this study, we demonstrate that treatment with toll-like receptor (tlr) ligands and infection with a mutant vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv-?m51) both induced dc maturation. further, inoculation of these dcs led to robust nk-mediated pr ... | 2011 | 21307131 |
| the irf-3/bax-mediated apoptotic pathway, activated by viral cytoplasmic rna and dna, inhibits virus replication. | induction of apoptosis in cells infected by sendai virus (sev), which triggers the cytosolic rig-i pathway, requires the presence of interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf-3). independent of irf-3's transcriptional role, a novel irf-3 activation pathway causes its interaction with the proapoptotic protein bax and its mitochondrial translocation to induce apoptosis. here we report that two other rna viruses, vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), may also activate th ... | 2011 | 21307205 |
| detecting protein-protein interactions in vesicular stomatitis virus using a cytoplasmic yeast two hybrid system. | protein-protein interactions play an important role in many virus-encoded functions and in virus-host interactions. while a "classical" yeast two-hybrid system (y2h) is one of the most common techniques to detect such interactions, it has a number of limitations, including a requirement for the proteins of interest to be relocated to the nucleus. modified y2h, such as the sos recruitment system (srs), which detect interactions occurring in the cytoplasm rather than the nucleus, allow proteins fr ... | 2011 | 21320532 |
| vesicular stomatitis virus-based h5n1 avian influenza vaccines induce potent cross-clade neutralizing antibodies in rhesus macaques. | we analyzed the ability of a vaccine vector based on vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) to induce a neutralizing antibody (nab) response to avian influenza viruses (aivs) in rhesus macaques. animals vaccinated with vectors expressing either strain a/hong kong/156/1997 or strain a/vietnam/1203/2004 h5 hemagglutinin (ha) were able to generate robust nab responses. the ability of the vectors to induce nabs against homologous and heterologous aivs after a single dose was dependent upon the ha antigen ... | 2011 | 21325423 |
| ebola virus glycoprotein fc fusion protein confers protection against lethal challenge in vaccinated mice. | ebola virus is a filoviridae that causes hemorrhagic fever in humans and induces high morbidity and mortality rates. filoviruses are classified as "category a bioterrorism agents", and currently there are no licensed therapeutics or vaccines to treat and prevent infection. the filovirus glycoprotein (gp) is sufficient to protect individuals against infection, and several vaccines based on gp are under development including recombinant adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, venezuelan equine encephalit ... | 2011 | 21329775 |
| a simple and rapid colloidal gold-based immunochromatogarpic strip test for detection of fmdv serotype a. | a sandwich format immunochromatographic assay for detecting foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) serotypes was developed. in this rapid test, affinity purified polyclonal antibodies from guinea pigs which were immunized with sucking-mouse adapted fmd virus (a/av88(l) strain) were conjugated to colloidal gold beads and used as the capture antibody, and affinity purified polyclonal antibodies from rabbits which were immunized with cell-culture adapted fmd virus (a/cha/09 strain) were used as detect ... | 2011 | 21331888 |
| promotion of vesicular stomatitis virus fusion by the endosome-specific phospholipid bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (bmp). | vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) is a prototypic virus commonly used in studies of endocytosis and membrane trafficking. one proposed mechanism for vsv entry involves initial fusion with internal vesicles of multivesicular endosomes followed by back-fusion of these vesicles into the cytoplasm. one feature of endosomal internal vesicles is that they contain the lipid bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (bmp). here, we show that the presence of bmp significantly increases the rate of vsv g-mediated memb ... | 2011 | 21333650 |
| validation of assays to monitor immune responses in the syrian golden hamster (mesocricetus auratus). | the syrian golden hamster (mesocricetus auratus) is a valuable but under-utilized animal model for studies of human viral pathogens such as bunyaviruses, arenaviruses, flaviviruses, henipaviruses, and sars-coronavirus. a lack of suitable reagents and specific assays for monitoring host responses has limited the use of this animal model to clinical observations, pathology and humoral immune responses. the objective of this study was to establish and validate assays to monitor host immune response ... | 2011 | 21334343 |
| label-free multiplexed virus detection using spectral reflectance imaging. | we demonstrate detection of whole viruses and viral proteins with a new label-free platform based on spectral reflectance imaging. the interferometric reflectance imaging sensor (iris) has been shown to be capable of sensitive protein and dna detection in a real time and high-throughput format. vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) was used as the target for detection as it is well-characterized for protein composition and can be modified to express viral coat proteins from other dangerous, highly pa ... | 2011 | 21342761 |
| hiv-1 requires arf6-mediated membrane dynamics to efficiently enter and infect t lymphocytes. | as the initial barrier to viral entry, the plasma membrane along with the membrane trafficking machinery and cytoskeleton are of fundamental importance in the viral cycle. however, little is known about the contribution of plasma membrane dynamics during early human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection. considering that adp ribosylation factor 6 (arf6) regulates cellular invasion via several microorganisms by coordinating membrane trafficking, our aim was to study the function of arf6 ... | 2011 | 21346189 |
| protection from rna and dna viruses by il-32. | several studies have documented a proinflammatory role for il-32, which induces il-1a, il-1ß, il-6, tnf, and chemokines via nf-?b, p38mapk, and ap-1. however, il-32 also participates in the responses to infection with viruses such as hiv-1 and influenza. in this study, we explored these antiviral properties of il-32. vital staining assays demonstrated that low concentrations (5-10 ng/ml) of ril-32? protected epithelial wish cells from vesicular stomatitis virus-induced cell death. by lactate deh ... | 2011 | 21346229 |
| taxon ordering in phylogenetic trees: a workbench test. | phylogenetic trees are an important tool for representing evolutionary relationships among organisms. in a phylogram or chronogram, the ordering of taxa is not considered meaningful, since complete topological information is given by the branching order and length of the branches, which are represented in the root-to-node direction. we apply a novel method based on a (? + µ)-evolutionary algorithm to give meaning to the order of taxa in a phylogeny. this method applies random swaps between two t ... | 2011 | 21352514 |
| targeting tumor vasculature with an oncolytic virus. | oncolytic viruses (ovs) have been engineered or selected for cancer cell-specific infection however, we have found that following intravenous administration of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), tumor cell killing rapidly extends far beyond the initial sites of infection. we show here for the first time that vsv directly infects and destroys tumor vasculature in vivo but leaves normal vasculature intact. three-dimensional (3d) reconstruction of infected tumors revealed that the majority of the tu ... | 2011 | 21364541 |
| activating systemic t-cell immunity against self tumor antigens to support oncolytic virotherapy with vesicular stomatitis virus. | abstract we have shown that the antitumor activity of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) against b16ova tumors in c57bl/6 mice is predominantly due to innate antiviral immune effectors. we have also shown that the innate immune-activating properties of vsv can be harnessed to prime adaptive t-cell responses against a tumor-associated antigen (taa) if the virus is engineered to express the cdna of the antigen. here, we show that the combination of vsv expressing ova as a model tumor antigen, along ... | 2011 | 21366404 |
| localization of smap2 to the tgn and its function in the regulation of tgn protein transport. | smap2 is an arf gtpase-activating protein that is located and functions on early endosome membranes. in the present study, the trans-golgi network (tgn) was verified as an additional site of smap2 localization based on its co-localization with various tgn-marker proteins. mutation of specific stretches of basic amino acid residues abolished the tgn-localization of smap2. over-expression of wild-type smap2, but not of the mutated smap2, inhibited the transport of vesicular stomatitis virus-g prot ... | 2011 | 21368446 |
| partial efficacy of a vsv-siv/mva-siv vaccine regimen against oral siv challenge in infant macaques. | despite antiretroviral medications, the rate of pediatric hiv-1 infections through breast-milk transmission has been staggering in developing countries. therefore, the development of a vaccine to protect vulnerable infant populations should be actively pursued. we previously demonstrated that oral immunization of newborn macaques with vesicular stomatitis virus expressing simian immunodeficiency virus genes (vsv-siv) followed 2 weeks later by an intramuscular boost with modified vaccinia ankara ... | 2011 | 21377510 |
| a mathematical model for cell cycle-specific cancer virotherapy. | oncolytic viruses preferentially infect and replicate in cancerous cells, leading to elimination of tumour populations, while sparing most healthy cells. here, we study the cell cycle-specific activity of viruses such as vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). in spite of its capacity as a robust cytolytic agent, vsv cannot effectively attack certain tumour cell types during the quiescent, or resting, phase of the cell cycle. in an effort to understand the interplay between the time course of the cell ... | 2011 | 22873678 |
| oncolytic virotherapy for hematological malignancies. | hematological malignancies such as leukemias, lymphomas, multiple myeloma (mm), and the myelodysplastic syndromes (mdss) primarily affect adults and are difficult to treat. for high-risk disease, hematopoietic stem cell transplant (hct) can be used. however, in the setting of autologous hct, relapse due to contamination of the autograft with cancer cells remains a major challenge. ex vivo manipulations of the autograft to purge cancer cells using chemotherapies and toxins have been attempted. be ... | 2011 | 22312362 |
| vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccines for prophylaxis and treatment of filovirus infections. | ebola and marburg viruses are emerging/re-emerging zoonotic pathogens that cause severe viral hemorrhagic fever with case-fatality rates up to 90% in humans. over the last three decades numerous outbreaks, of increasing frequency, have been documented in endemic regions. furthermore, as a result of increased international travel filovirus infections have been imported into south africa, europe and north america. both viruses possess the potential of being used as bioterrorism agents and are clas ... | 2011 | 22288023 |
| development and applications of vsv vectors based on cell tropism. | viral vectors have been available in various fields such as medical and biological research or gene therapy applications. targeting vectors pseudotyped with distinct viral envelope proteins that influence cell tropism and transfection efficiency are useful tools not only for examining entry mechanisms or cell tropisms but also for vaccine vector development. vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) is an excellent candidate for development as a pseudotype vector. a recombinant vsv lacking its own envelo ... | 2011 | 22279443 |
| a conserved hydrophobic patch on vβ domains revealed by tcrβ chain crystal structures: implications for pre-tcr dimerization. | the αβ t cell receptor (tcr) is a multimeric complex whose β chain plays a crucial role in thymocyte development as well as antigen recognition by mature t lymphocytes. we report here crystal structures of individual β subunits, termed n15β (vβ5.2dβ2jβ2.6cβ2) and n30β (vβ13dβ1jβ1.1cβ2), derived from two αβ tcrs specific for the immunodominant vesicular stomatitis virus octapeptide (vsv-8) bound to the murine h-2k(b) mhc class i molecule. the crystal packing of the n15β structure reveals a homodi ... | 2011 | 22566796 |
| development and laboratory evaluation of two lateral flow devices for the detection of vesicular stomatitis virus in clinical samples. | two lateral flow devices (lfd) for the detection of vesicular stomatitis (vs) virus (vsv), types indiana (vsv-ind) and new jersey (vsv-nj) were developed using monoclonal antibodies c1 and f25vsvnj-45 to the respective vsv serotypes. the performance of the lfds was evaluated in the laboratory on suspensions of vesicular epithelia and cell culture passage derived supernatants of vsv. the collection of test samples included 105 positive for vsv-ind (92 vesicular epithelial suspensions and 13 cell ... | 2011 | 22230813 |
| vsv-mp gene therapy strategy inhibits tumor growth in nude mice model of human lung adenocarcinoma. | vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) matrix protein (mp) can induce in vitro apoptosis of tumor cells in the absence of other viral components. here, the antitumor activity of vsv-mp against lung adenocarcinoma was investigated in vivo. a pvax-plasmid dna encoding vsv-mp and control empty vectors (pvax) were constructed and wrapped-up with liposome. a549 and spc-a1 human lung adenocarcinoma cells were transfected with liposomal-vsv-mp (lip-mp) or lip-pvax and then examined for cell viability or apop ... | 2011 | 22052213 |
| Structure of the vesicular stomatitis virus N°-P complex. | Replication of non-segmented negative-strand RNA viruses requires the continuous supply of the nucleoprotein (N) in the form of a complex with the phosphoprotein (P). Here, we present the structural characterization of a soluble, heterodimeric complex between a variant of vesicular stomatitis virus N lacking its 21 N-terminal residues (N(?21)) and a peptide of 60 amino acids (P(60)) encompassing the molecular recognition element (MoRE) of P that binds RNA-free N (N(0)). The complex crystallized ... | 2011 | 21960769 |
| A new splice variant of the human guanylate-binding protein 3 mediates anti-influenza activity through inhibition of viral transcription and replication. | Guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) belong to the family of large GTPases that are induced in response to interferons. GBPs contain an N-terminal globular GTPase domain and a C-terminal a-helical regulatory domain that are connected by a short middle domain. Antiviral activity against vesicular stomatitis virus and encephalomyocarditis virus has been shown for hGBP-1; however, no anti-influenza virus properties for GBPs have been described to date. Here we show that hGBP-1 and hGBP-3 possess anti- ... | 2011 | 22106366 |
| A novel borna disease virus vector system that stably expresses foreign proteins from an intercistronic noncoding region. | Borna disease virus (BDV), a nonsegmented, negative-strand RNA virus, infects a wide variety of mammalian species and readily establishes a long-lasting, persistent infection in brain cells. Therefore, this virus could be a promising candidate as a novel RNA virus vector enabling stable gene expression in the central nervous system (CNS). Previous studies demonstrated that the 5' untranslated region of the genome is the only site for insertion and expression of a foreign gene. In this study, we ... | 2011 | 21937656 |
| [Development of viral vectors and application for viral entry mechanisms]. | Virus is identified as one of the obligate intracellular parasites, which only amplify in cells of specific living things. Viral vectors, which are developed by utilizing these properties, are available in the various fields such as basic research of medical biology or application of gene therapy. Our research group has studied development of viral vectors using properties of baculovirus or vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Due to the development of new baculoviral vectors for mammalian cells, i ... | 2011 | 21972561 |
| vesicular stomatitis virus oncolytic treatment interferes with tumor-associated dendritic cell functions and abrogates tumor antigen presentation. | oncolytic virotherapy is a promising biological approach to cancer treatment that contributes to tumor eradication via immune- and non-immune-mediated mechanisms. one of the remaining challenges for these experimental therapies is the necessity to develop a durable adaptive immune response against the tumor. vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) is a prototypical oncolytic virus (ov) that exemplifies the multiple mechanisms of oncolysis, including direct cell lysis, cellular hypoxia resulting from th ... | 2011 | 21917977 |
| Progress with schistosome transgenesis. | Genome sequences for Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mansoni are now available. The schistosome genome encodes ~13,000 protein encoding genes for which the function of only a minority is understood. There is a valuable role for transgenesis in functional genomic investigations of these new schistosome gene sequences. In gain-of-function approaches, transgenesis can lead to integration of transgenes into the schistosome genome which can facilitate insertional mutagenesis screens. By contras ... | 2011 | 22124549 |
| RNAi screening reveals requirement for host cell secretory pathway in infection by diverse families of negative-strand RNA viruses. | Negative-strand (NS) RNA viruses comprise many pathogens that cause serious diseases in humans and animals. Despite their clinical importance, little is known about the host factors required for their infection. Using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a prototypic NS RNA virus in the family Rhabdoviridae, we conducted a human genome-wide siRNA screen and identified 72 host genes required for viral infection. Many of these identified genes were also required for infection by two other NS RNA viru ... | 2011 | 22065774 |
| phenotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus mutants with mutations in the psap motif of the matrix protein. | vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) matrix protein (m) has a flexible amino-terminal part that recruits cellular partners. it contains a dynamin binding site, that is required for efficient viral assembly, and two motifs, 24pppy27 and 37psap40, that constitute potential late domains. late domains are present in proteins of several enveloped viruses and are involved in the ultimate step of the budding process (i.e. fission between viral and cellular membranes). in bhk21 cells, it has been demonstrat ... | 2011 | 22190013 |
| Ribosomal Protein L19 and L22 Modulate TLR3 Signaling. | Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and induces inflammation. In this study we attempted to ascertain if there are endogenous host molecules controlling the production of cytokines and chemokines. Two candidates, ribosomal protein L19 and L22, were analyzed to determine if they influence cytokine production followed by TLR3 activation. In this study we report that L19 acts upon production of IP-10 or IL-8 differently in glioblastoma cells. | 2011 | 21860608 |
| impact of ebola mucin-like domain on antiglycoprotein antibody responses induced by ebola virus-like particles. | ebola virus (ebov) glycoprotein (gp), responsible for mediating host-cell attachment and membrane fusion, contains a heavily glycosylated mucin-like domain hypothesized to shield gp from neutralizing antibodies. to test whether the mucin-like domain inhibits the production and function of anti-gp antibodies, we vaccinated mice with ebola virus-like particles (vlps) that express vesicular stomatitis virus g, wild-type ebov gp (ebgp), ebov gp without its mucin-like domain (δmucgp), or ebov gp with ... | 2011 | 21987758 |
| vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein g carrying a tandem dimer of foot and mouth disease virus antigenic site a can be used as dna and peptide vaccine for cattle. | effective foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) peptide vaccines for cattle have two major constraints: resemblance of one or more of the multiple conformations of the major vp1 antigenic sites to induce neutralizing antibodies, and stimulation of t cells despite the variable bovine-mhc polymorphism. to overcome these limitations, a chimeric antigen was developed, using vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (vsv-g) as carrier protein of an in tandem-dimer of fmdv antigenic site a (asa), the majo ... | 2011 | 21889542 |
| Vesicular stomatitis virus as a treatment for colorectal cancer. | M protein mutant vesicular stomatitis virus is an attractive candidate oncolytic virus for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer due to its ability to kill cancer cells that are defective in their antiviral responses. The oncolytic activity of recombinant wild-type and M protein mutant vesicular stomatitis viruses was determined in RKO, Hct116 and LoVo colorectal cancer cells, as well as in human fibroblast and hepatocyte primary cultures. RKO and Hct116 cells were sensitive to both viru ... | 2011 | 21886191 |
| the interdomain linker region of hiv-1 capsid protein is a critical determinant of proper core assembly and stability. | the hiv-1 capsid protein consists of two independently folded domains connected by a flexible peptide linker (residues 146-150), the function of which remains to be defined. to investigate the role of this region in virus replication, we made alanine or leucine substitutions in each linker residue and two flanking residues. three classes of mutants were identified: (i) s146a and t148a behave like wild type (wt); (ii) y145a, i150a, and l151a are noninfectious, assemble unstable cores with aberran ... | 2011 | 22036671 |
| rapid titration of measles and other viruses: optimization with determination of replication cycle length. | measles virus (mv) is a member of the paramyxoviridae family and an important human pathogen causing strong immunosuppression in affected individuals and a considerable number of deaths worldwide. currently, measles is a re-emerging disease in developed countries. mv is usually quantified in infectious units as determined by limiting dilution and counting of plaque forming unit either directly (pfu method) or indirectly from random distribution in microwells (tcid50 method). both methods are tim ... | 2011 | 21915289 |
| Dynamics of melanoma tumor therapy with vesicular stomatitis virus: explaining the variability in outcomes using mathematical modeling. | Tumor selective, replication competent viruses are being tested for cancer gene therapy. This approach introduces a new therapeutic paradigm due to potential replication of the therapeutic agent and induction of a tumor-specific immune response. However, the experimental outcomes are quite variable, even when studies utilize highly inbred strains of mice and the same cell line and virus. Recognizing that virotherapy is an exercise in population dynamics, we utilize mathematical modeling to under ... | 2011 | 21918546 |
| Enhanced pseudotyping efficiency of HIV-1 lentiviral vectors by a rabies/vesicular stomatitis virus chimeric envelope glycoprotein. | Rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) can pseudotype lentiviral vectors, although at a lower efficiency to that of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG). Transduction with VSVG-pseudotyped vectors of rodent central nervous system (CNS) leads to local neurotropic gene transfer, whereas with RVG-pseudotyped vectors additional disperse transduction of neurons located at distal efferent sites occurs via axonal retrograde transport. Attempts to produce high-titre RVG-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors ... | 2011 | 21900965 |
| multigene expression in vivo: supremacy of large versus small terminators for t7 rna polymerase. | designing and building multigene constructs is commonplace in synthetic biology. yet functional successes at first attempts are rare because the genetic parts are not fully modular. in order to improve the modularity of transcription, we previously showed that transcription termination in vitro by bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase could be made more efficient by substituting the standard, single, tφ large (class i) terminator with adjacent copies of the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) small (clas ... | 2011 | 22094962 |
| protective efficacy of a bivalent recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vaccine in the syrian hamster model of lethal ebola virus infection. | outbreaks of filoviral hemorrhagic fever occur sporadically and unpredictably across wide regions in central africa and overlap with the occurrence of other infectious diseases of public health importance. | 2011 | 21987746 |
| mip-t3 is a negative regulator of innate type i ifn response. | tnfr-associated factor (traf) 3 is an important adaptor that transmits upstream activation signals to protein kinases that phosphorylate transcription factors to induce the production of type i ifns, the important effectors in innate antiviral immune response. mip-t3 interacts specifically with traf3, but its function in innate ifn response remains unclear. in this study, we demonstrated a negative regulatory role of mip-t3 in type i ifn production. overexpression of mip-t3 inhibited rig-i-, mda ... | 2011 | 22079989 |
| permissivity of the nci-60 cancer cell lines to oncolytic vaccinia virus glv-1h68. | oncolytic viral therapy represents an alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. we previously described glv-1h68, a modified vaccinia virus with exclusive tropism for tumor cells, and we observed a cell line-specific relationship between the ability of glv-1h68 to replicate in vitro and its ability to colonize and eliminate tumor in vivo. | 2011 | 22011439 |
| subcellular trafficking in rhabdovirus infection and immune evasion: a novel target for therapeutics. | vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and rabies virus (rabv) are the prototypic members of the rhabdovirus family. these viruses have a particularly broad host range, and despite the availability of vaccines, rabv still causes more than 50,000 human deaths a year. trafficking of the virion or viral particles is important at several stages of the replicative life cycle, including cellular entry, localization into the cytoplasmic inclusion bodies which primarily house the transcription and replication ... | 2011 | 22034934 |
| measles virus v protein inhibits nlrp3 inflammasome-mediated interleukin-1β secretion. | inflammasomes are cytosolic protein complexes that stimulate the activation of caspase-1, which in turn induces the secretion of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (il-1β) and il-18. recent studies have indicated that the inflammasome known as the nod-like-receptor-family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (nlrp3) inflammasome recognizes several rna viruses, including the influenza and encephalomyocarditis viruses, whereas the retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i) inflammasome may detect vesicul ... | 2011 | 21994456 |
| vesicular stomatitis virus matrix protein (vsvmp) inhibits the cell growth and tumor angiogenesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the anticancer property of vesicular stomatitis virus matrix protein (vsvmp) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc) via in vitro and in vivo approaches. in this study, we found that oscc cells treated with vsvmp showed retarded cell growth in vitro. the percentage of apoptotic cells in vsvmp group was much higher than that of the control groups. moreover, our in vivo experiments showed that the growth of tumor xenografts was significantly suppressed b ... | 2011 | 22032899 |
| reduction of n-tropic mutant porcine endogenous retrovirus infectivity by human tripartite motif-containing 5-isoform alpha. | in cases of retroviral infection, the host cell deploys antiviral proteins as a type of innate immunity. tripartite motif-containing 5-isoform alpha (trim5α) is a potent antiviral protein. trim5α has been reported to restrict human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) 1 infection in rhesus monkey cells by targeting the incoming viral capsid at the postentry or preintegration stage of the viral life cycle. as a consequence, virus replication and reverse transcription are interrupted. trim5α of human orig ... | 2011 | 21911161 |
| regulation of antiviral innate immunity by deubiquitinase cyld. | an antiviral innate immune response involves induction of type i interferons (ifns) and their subsequent autocrine and paracrine actions, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are incompletely understood. here we report that cyld, a deubiquitinase that specifically digests lysine 63-linked ubiquitin chains, is required for antiviral host defense. loss of cyld renders mice considerably more susceptible to infection by vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). consistently, cyld-deficient dendritic cel ... | 2011 | 21946435 |
| Inhibition of dengue virus by targeting viral NS4B protein. | We report a novel inhibitor that selectively suppresses dengue virus (DENV) by targeting viral NS4B protein. The inhibitor was identified by screening a 1.8-million-compound library using a luciferase replicon of DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2). The compound specifically inhibits all four serotypes of DENV (50% effective concentration [EC(50)], 1 to 4 µM; and 50% cytotoxic concentration [CC(50)], >40 µM), but it does not inhibit closely related flaviviruses (West Nile virus and yellow fever virus) or n ... | 2011 | 21865382 |
| use of replication restricted recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vectors for detection of antigen-specific t cells. | detection of antigen-specific t cells at the single-cell level by elispot or flow cytometry techniques employing intracellular cytokine staining (ics) is now an indispensable tool in many areas of immunology. when precisely mapped, optimal mhc-binding peptide epitopes are unknown, these assays use antigen in a variety of forms, including recombinant proteins, overlapping peptide sets representing one or more target protein sequences, microbial lysates, lysates of microbially-infected cells, or g ... | 2011 | 22004852 |
| a vesicular stomatitis virus replicon-based bioassay for the rapid and sensitive determination of multi-species type i interferon. | type i interferons (ifn) comprise a family of cytokines that signal through a common cellular receptor to induce a plethora of genes with antiviral and other activities. recombinant ifns are used for the treatment of hepatitis c virus infection, multiple sclerosis, and certain malignancies. the capability of type i ifn to suppress virus replication and resultant cytopathic effects is frequently used to measure their bioactivity. however, these assays are time-consuming and require appropriate bi ... | 2011 | 21998709 |
| synthesis of benzopolycyclic cage amines: nmda receptor antagonist, trypanocidal and antiviral activities. | the synthesis of several 6,7,8,9,10,11-hexahydro-9-methyl-5,7:9,11-dimethano-5h-benzocyclononen-7-amines is reported. several of them display low micromolar nmda receptor antagonist and/or trypanocidal activities. two compounds are endowed with micromolar anti vesicular stomatitis virus activity, while only one compound shows micromolar anti-influenza activity. the anti-influenza activity of this compound does not seem to be mediated by blocking of the m2 protein. | 2011 | 22178660 |
| vesicular stomatitis virus-based ebola vaccines with improved cross-protective efficacy. | for ebola virus (ebov), 4 different species are known: zaire, sudan, côte d'ivoire, and reston ebolavirus. the newly discovered bundibugyo ebolavirus has been proposed as a 5th species. so far, no cross-neutralization among ebov species has been described, aggravating progress toward cross-species protective vaccines. with the use of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rvsv)-based vaccines, guinea pigs could be protected against zaire ebolavirus (zebov) infection only when immunized with a v ... | 2011 | 21987743 |
| lentiviral gene transfer into the dorsal root ganglion of adult rats. | lentivector-mediated gene delivery into the dorsal root ganglion (drg) is a promising method for exploring pain pathophysiology and for genetic treatment of chronic neuropathic pain. in this study, a series of modified lentivector particles with different cellular promoters, envelope glycoproteins, and viral accessory proteins were generated to evaluate the requirements for efficient transduction into neuronal cells in vitro and adult rat drg in vivo. | 2011 | 21861915 |
| chemical inhibition of rna viruses reveals redd1 as a host defense factor. | a chemical genetics approach was taken to identify inhibitors of ns1, a major influenza a virus virulence factor that inhibits host gene expression. a high-throughput screen of 200,000 synthetic compounds identified small molecules that reversed ns1-mediated inhibition of host gene expression. a counterscreen for suppression of influenza virus cytotoxicity identified naphthalimides that inhibited replication of influenza virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). the mechanism of action occurs ... | 2011 | 21909097 |
| potential of vesicular stomatitis virus as an oncolytic therapy for recurrent and drug-resistant ovarian cancer. | in the last decade, we have gained significant understanding of the mechanism by which vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) specifically kills cancer cells. dysregulation of translation and defective innate immunity are both thought to contribute to vsv oncolysis. safety and efficacy are important objectives to consider in evaluating vsv as a therapy for malignant disease. ongoing efforts may enable vsv virotherapy to be considered in the near future to treat drug-resistant ovarian cancer when othe ... | 2011 | 22059911 |
| single immunization with a monovalent vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine protects nonhuman primates against heterologous challenge with bundibugyo ebolavirus. | the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rvsv) vector-based monovalent vaccine platform expressing a filovirus glycoprotein has been demonstrated to provide protection from lethal challenge with ebola (ebov) and marburg (marv) viruses both prophylactically and after exposure. this platform provides protection between heterologous strains within a species; however, protection from lethal challenge between species has been largely unsuccessful. to determine whether the rvsv-ebov vaccines have t ... | 2011 | 21987745 |
| sustained cytoplasmic delivery and anti-viral effect of plga nanoparticles carrying a nucleic acid-hydrolyzing monoclonal antibody. | purpose: cytoplasmic delivery of a monoclonal antibody (mab) with nucleic acid-hydrolyzing activity (3d8 scfv) using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (plga nps) was investigated for persistent anti-viral effect. methods: 3d8 scfv-loaded plga (3d8-plga) nps were prepared via a double emulsion method that was previously optimized. flow cytometry and confocal microscopy was carried out to confirm the cell ... | 2011 | 22139535 |
| lack of correlation between virus barosensitivity and the presence of a viral envelope during inactivation of human rotavirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and avian metapneumovirus by high-pressure processing. | high-pressure processing (hpp) is a nonthermal technology that has been shown to effectively inactivate a wide range of microorganisms. however, the effectiveness of hpp on inactivation of viruses is relatively less well understood. we systematically investigated the effects of intrinsic (ph) and processing (pressure, time, and temperature) parameters on the pressure inactivation of a nonenveloped virus (human rotavirus [hrv]) and two enveloped viruses (vesicular stomatitis virus [vsv] and avian ... | 2011 | 22003028 |
| nongenomic stat5-dependent effects on golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum structure and function. | we report unexpected nongenomic functions of "transcription factor" stat5 species in the cytoplasm aimed at preserving the structure and function of the golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum (er) in vascular cells. immunoimaging and gfp-tagged-stat5a protein localization studies showed the constitutive association of non-phosphorylated stat5a, and to a lesser extent stat5b, with the golgi apparatus and of stat5a with centrosomes in human pulmonary arterial endothelial and smooth muscle ... | 2011 | 22159083 |
| sensitivity of cervical carcinoma cells to vesicular stomatitis virus induced oncolysis: potential role of human papilloma virus infection. | high-risk carcinogenic subtypes of human papilloma virus (hpv) are associated with the development of squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix (cc) and a subset of head and neck (hnscc). recurrent metastatic diseases of these sites display a dismal prognosis. therefore, there is an urgent need to uncover innovative therapeutic strategies in this clinical setting. oncolytic viruses, including vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), were identified due to their ability to specifically target tumour cells ... | 2011 | 22173567 |
| human t-cell leukemia viruses are highly unstable over a wide range of temperatures. | the biological properties of human t-cell leukaemia virus type i (htlv-i) and htlv type ii (htlv-ii) are not well elucidated as cell-free viruses. we established new assay systems to detect the infectivity of cell-free htlvs and examined the stability of cell-free htlvs at different temperatures. htlvs lost infectivity more rapidly than did bovine leukaemia virus (blv), which is genetically related to htlvs. the half-lives of three htlv-i strains (two cosmopolitan strains and one melanesian s ... | 2011 | 22113012 |
| multiple effects of honokiol on the life cycle of hepatitis c virus. | background: honokiol, a small active molecular compound extracted from magnolia, has recently been shown to inhibit hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in vitro. aims: this study further characterized aspects of the hcv lifecycle affected by the antiviral functions of honokiol. methods: the influence of honokiol on hcv infection, entry, translation and replication was assessed in huh-7.5.1 cells using cell culture-derived hcv (hcvcc), hcv pseudo-type (hcvpp) and sub-genomic replicons. results: hon ... | 2011 | 22098176 |
| retargeting vesicular stomatitis virus using measles virus envelope glycoproteins. | oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) has potent antitumor activity but infects a broad range of cell types. here, we used the measles virus (mv) hemagglutinin (h) and fusion (f) envelope glycoproteins to redirect vsv entry and infection specifically to tumor-associated receptors. replication defective vsv, deleted of its glycoprotein gene (vsv-δg), were pseudotyped with mv-f and mv-h displaying single-chain antibodies specific for epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr), folate receptor ( ... | 2011 | 22171635 |
| management of accidental exposure to ebola virus in the biosafety level 4 laboratory, hamburg, germany. | a needlestick injury occurred during an animal experiment in the biosafety level 4 laboratory in hamburg, germany, in march 2009. the syringe contained zaire ebolavirus (zebov) mixed with freund's adjuvant. neither an approved treatment nor a postexposure prophylaxis (pep) exists for ebola hemorrhagic fever. following a risk-benefit assessment, it was recommended the exposed person take an experimental vaccine that had shown pep efficacy in zebov-infected nonhuman primates (nhps) [12]. the vacci ... | 2011 | 21987751 |
| gesicles: microvesicle "cookies" for transient information transfer between cells. | 2011 | 21886114 | |
| vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine protects hamsters against lethal challenge with andes virus. | andes virus (andv) is a highly pathogenic south american hantavirus that causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). a high case fatality rate, the potential for human-to-human transmission, the capacity to infect via aerosolization, and the absence of effective therapies make it imperative that a safe, fast-acting, and effective andv vaccine be developed. we generated and characterized a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) vector expressing the andv surface glycoprotein precursor (vsvδ ... | 2011 | 21917979 |
| baculovirus-mediated vegf-d(δnδc) gene transfer induces angiogenesis in rabbit skeletal muscle. | background: occluded arteries and ischemic tissues cannot always be treated by angioplasty, stenting or by-pass-surgery. under such circumstances viral gene therapy may be useful in inducing increased blood supply to ischemic area. there is evidence of improved blood flow in ischemic skeletal muscle and myocardium in both animal and human studies using adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) gene therapy. however, the expression is transient and repeated gene transfers with the same ... | 2011 | 22162149 |
| efficient production of hantaan and puumala pseudovirions for viral tropism and neutralization studies. | puumala (puuv) and hantaan (htnv) viruses are hantaviruses within the family bunyaviridae and associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in humans. little is known about how these viruses interact with host cells, though pathogenic hantaviruses interact with α(v)β(3) integrin. to study host cell interactions and rapidly test the ability of antibodies to prevent infection, we produced htnv and puuv pseudovirions on a vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) core. similar to replication- ... | 2011 | 22209230 |
| guanylate binding protein 4 negatively regulates virus-induced type i ifn and antiviral response by targeting ifn regulatory factor 7. | irf7 is known as the master regulator in virus-triggered induction of type i ifns (ifn-i). in this study, we identify gbp4 virus-induced protein interacting with irf7 as a negative regulator for ifn-i response. overexpression of gbp4 inhibits virus-triggered activation of irf7-dependent signaling, but has no effect on nf-κb signaling, whereas the knockdown of gbp4 has opposite effects. furthermore, the supernatant from sendai virus-infected cells in which gbp4 have been silenced inhibits the rep ... | 2011 | 22095711 |
| Enforced viral replication activates adaptive immunity and is essential for the control of a cytopathic virus. | The innate immune system limits viral replication via type I interferon and also induces the presentation of viral antigens to cells of the adaptive immune response. Using infection of mice with vesicular stomatitis virus, we analyzed how the innate immune system inhibits viral propagation but still allows the presentation of antigen to cells of the adaptive immune response. We found that expression of the gene encoding the inhibitory protein Usp18 in metallophilic macrophages led to lower type ... | 2011 | 22101728 |
| Sphingomyelin synthases regulate protein trafficking and secretion. | Sphingomyelin synthases (SMS1 and 2) represent a class of enzymes that transfer a phosphocholine moiety from phosphatidylcholine onto ceramide thus producing sphingomyelin and diacylglycerol (DAG). SMS1 localizes at the Golgi while SMS2 localizes both at the Golgi and the plasma membrane. Previous studies from our laboratory showed that modulation of SMS1 and, to a lesser extent, of SMS2 affected the formation of DAG at the Golgi apparatus. As a consequence, down-regulation of SMS1 and SMS2 redu ... | 2011 | 21980337 |
| pathogen-induced inflammatory environment controls effector and memory cd8+ t cell differentiation. | in response to infection, cd8(+) t cells integrate multiple signals and undergo an exponential increase in cell numbers. simultaneously, a dynamic differentiation process occurs, resulting in the formation of short-lived effector cells (slecs; cd127(low)klrg1(high)) and memory precursor effector cells (cd127(high)klrg1(low)) from an early effector cell that is cd127(low)klrg1(low) in phenotype. cd8(+) t cell differentiation during vesicular stomatitis virus infection differed significantly than ... | 2011 | 21987662 |
| prototypic chromatin insulator chs4 protects retroviral transgene from silencing in schistosoma mansoni. | vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (vsvg) pseudotyped murine leukemia virus (mlv) virions can transduce schistosomes, leading to chromosomal integration of reporter transgenes. to develop vsvg-mlv for functional genomics in schistosomes, the influence of the chicken β-globin chs4 element, a prototypic chromatin insulator, on transgene expression was examined. plasmid plnhx encoding the mlv 5'- and 3'-long terminal repeats flanking the neomycin phosphotransferase gene (neo) was modified to i ... | 2011 | 21918820 |
| lentiviral vector delivery of shrna into cultured primary myogenic cells: a tool for therapeutic target validation. | rna interference has emerged as a powerful technique to down-regulate gene expression. the lentiviral vector-mediated expression of small hairpin rnas (shrnas) from polymerase iii promoters allows permanent down-regulation of a specific gene in a wide range of cell types both in vitro and in vivo. in this chapter, we describe a method permitting the expression of shrna from lentiviral vectors in primary murine myogenic cells. we designed shrnas targeted to the muscular glycogen synthase isoform ... | 2011 | 21194031 |
| Generation of high-titer viral preparations by concentration using successive rounds of ultracentrifugation. | Viral vectors provide a method of stably introducing exogenous DNA into cells that are not easily transfectable allowing for the ectopic expression or silencing of genes for therapeutic or experimental purposes. However, some cell types, in particular bone marrow cells, dendritic cells and neurons are difficult to transduce with viral vectors. Successful transduction of such cells requires preparation of highly concentrated viral stocks, which permit a high virus concentration and multiplicity o ... | 2011 | 21849073 |
| Conventional PKC-a/ß Negatively Regulate RIG-I Antiviral Signal Transduction. | Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) is a key sensor for viral RNA in the cytosol and initiates a signaling cascade leading to the establishment of an interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral state. Because of its integral role in immune signaling, RIG-I activity must be precisely controlled. Recent studies have shown that RIG-I CARD-dependent signaling function is regulated by the dynamic balance between phosphorylation and TRIM25-induced K(63)-linked ubiquitination: While ubiquitination of RIG-I ... | 2011 | 22114345 |
| antibody-dependent enhancement of marburg virus infection. | marburg virus (marv) and ebola virus (ebov) cause severe hemorrhagic fever in primates. earlier studies demonstrated that antibodies to particular epitopes on the glycoprotein (gp) of ebov enhanced virus infectivity in vitro. | 2011 | 21987779 |
| Vesicular stomatitis virus infection promotes immune evasion by preventing NKG2D-ligand surface expression. | Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has recently gained attention for its oncolytic ability in cancer treatment. Initially, we hypothesized that VSV infection could increase immune recognition of cancer cells through induction of the immune stimulatory NKG2D-ligands. Here we show that VSV infection leads to a robust induction of MICA mRNA expression, however the subsequent surface expression is potently hindered. Thus, VSV lines up with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and adenovirus, which actively su ... | 2011 | 21857986 |
| targeting viral dsrna for antiviral prophylaxis. | double-stranded (ds)rna in the infected cells is a trait shared by most if not all viruses. while humans have developed variable immune responses, viruses have also developed countermeasures to defeat dsrna-induced antiviral strategies. thus, we proposed a broad antiviral strategy to antagonize the countermeasures of viruses and bypass the dsrna-induced signals that are readily defeated by viruses. by rewiring the dsrna-binding proteins in the dsrna complex and reconnecting them to apoptosis sig ... | 2011 | 19880628 |
| interference of cd40l-mediated tumor immunotherapy by oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus. | oncolytic virotherapy can be achieved in two ways: (1) by exploiting an innate ability of certain viruses to selectively replicate in tumor tissues, and (2) by using viruses to deliver toxic or immunostimulatory genes to tumors. vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) selectively replicates in tumors lacking adequate type i interferon response. the efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy using vsv against b16 melanomas in c57bl/6 mice is dependent on cd8(+) t and natural killer cells. because immunotherapies ... | 2010 | 19922169 |
| optimized gene transfer into human primary leukemic t cell with nod-scid/leukemia-initiating cell activity. | 2010 | 19924146 | |
| explicit targeting of transformed cells by vsv in ovarian epithelial tumor-bearing wv mouse models. | current treatment options for epithelial ovarian cancer are limited and therapeutic development for recurrent and drug-resistant ovarian cancer is an urgent agenda. we investigated the potential use of genetically engineered vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) to treat ovarian cancer patients who fail to respond to available therapies. specifically, we examined the toxicity to hosts and specificity of targeting ovarian tumors using a wv ovarian tumor model. | 2010 | 19932656 |
| refined methods for propagating vesicular stomatitis virus vectors that are defective for g protein expression. | propagation-defective vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) vectors that encode a truncated g protein (vsv-gstem) or lack the g gene entirely (vsv-deltag) are attractive vaccine vectors because they are immunogenic, cannot replicate and spread after vaccination, and do not express many of the epitopes that elicit neutralizing anti-vsv immunity. to consider advancing non-propagating vsv vectors towards clinical assessment, scalable technology that is compliant with human vaccine manufacturing must be ... | 2010 | 19941901 |
| rna induced polymerization of the borna disease virus nucleoprotein. | the borna disease virus (bdv) nucleoprotein (n) monomer resembles the nucleoprotein structures from rabies virus (rabv) and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). we show that bdv n assembles into ring- and string-like structures in the presence of 5' genomic bdv rna. rna induced polymerization is partly rna-specific since polymerization is inefficient in the presence of 3' genomic bdv rna or e. coli rna. mutagenesis of basic residues located in the cleft made up by the n- and c-terminal domains of n ... | 2010 | 19945724 |
| reprogramming of human fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells under xeno-free conditions. | the availability of induced pluripotent stem cells (ipscs) has created extraordinary opportunities for modeling and perhaps treating human disease. however, all reprogramming protocols used to date involve the use of products of animal origin. here, we set out to develop a protocol to generate and maintain human ipsc that would be entirely devoid of xenobiotics. we first developed a xeno-free cell culture media that supported the long-term propagation of human embryonic stem cells (hescs) to a s ... | 2010 | 19890879 |
| characterization of the structure of the phosphoprotein of chandipura virus, a negative stranded rna virus probing intratryptophan energy transfer using single and double tryptophan mutants. | the phosphoprotein (p protein) of chandipura virus (chpv), a negative stranded rna virus, is involved in both transcription and replication phases of the viral life cycle. the two tryptophan (trp) residues of chpv, located at 105 and 135 respectively and two single trp mutants w135f and w105f and a double trp mutant w135f/w105f have been characterized by steady state and time-resolved fluorescence and phosphorescence at 298 k and 77 k. results indicate that trp135 is more buried with less polar ... | 2010 | 19895867 |
| study of andes virus entry and neutralization using a pseudovirion system. | andes virus (andv), a member of the hantavirus genus in the family bunyaviridae, causes an acute disease characteristic of new-world hantaviruses called hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). hps is a highly pathogenic disease with a case-fatality rate of 40%. andv is the only hantavirus reported to spread directly from human-to-human. the aim of the present study was to develop a quantitative and high-throughput pseudovirion assay to study andv infection and neutralization in biosafety level 2 fa ... | 2010 | 19903496 |
| some attenuated variants of vesicular stomatitis virus show enhanced oncolytic activity against human glioblastoma cells relative to normal brain cells. | vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) has been shown in laboratory studies to be effective against a variety of tumors, including malignant brain tumors. however, attenuation of vsv may be necessary to balance the potential toxicity toward normal cells, particularly when targeting brain tumors. here we compared 10 recombinant vsv variants resulting from different attenuation strategies. attenuations included gene shifting (vsv-p1-gfp/rfp), m protein mutation (vsv-m51), g protein cytoplasmic tail trun ... | 2010 | 19906910 |
| attenuation of vesicular stomatitis virus encephalitis through microrna targeting. | vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) has long been regarded as a promising recombinant vaccine platform and oncolytic agent but has not yet been tested in humans because it causes encephalomyelitis in rodents and primates. recent studies have shown that specific tropisms of several viruses could be eliminated by engineering microrna target sequences into their genomes, thereby inhibiting spread in tissues expressing cognate micrornas. we therefore sought to determine whether microrna targets could b ... | 2010 | 19906911 |
| viral mutagenesis as a means for generating novel proteins. | we demonstrate that a mutation-prone virus engineered to express a foreign gene is an expedient means for generating novel mutant nonviral proteins in mammalian cells. using vesicular stomatitis virus to express a gene coding for a fluorescent dsred protein, a number of green mutant variants including a new variant not previously described were rapidly isolated from infected cells, sequenced, and cloned. similar methods may be useful in the development of physiologically sensitive fluorescent re ... | 2010 | 19906913 |