Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| development of a duplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 and bovine viral diarrhea virus in bovine follicular fluid. | the objective of this study was to develop a duplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assay for simultaneous detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type i and type ii. follicular fluid was collected from a bohv-1 acutely infected heifer, a bvdv i persistently infected heifer, and from 10 ovaries recovered from an abattoir. both the bohv-1 and bvdv contaminated follicular fluid were diluted 1:5 to 1:10(7) using the pooled, abattoir-origin fol ... | 2008 | 18452983 |
| histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings in two white-tailed deer fawns persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is an important pathogen of domestic cattle. serologic, experimental, and individual case studies explored the presence and pathogenesis of the virus in wild ungulates; however, there remain large gaps in knowledge regarding bvdv infection in nonbovine species. live twins were born from a white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) doe infected with noncytopathic bvdv during its first trimester of pregnancy. the twins died at 1 day of age from trauma unrelated t ... | 2008 | 18460614 |
| application of restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to simple and rapid genotyping of bovine viral diarrhea virus strains isolated in japan. | the e2 regions of 177 bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) strains isolated in japan between 1957 and 2006 were analyzed for genotyping. the strains were classified into 8 genotypes (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, so and 2a) based on the phylogenetic analysis. the restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of the rt-pcr products using 6 selected enzymes (apo i, mly i, bstap i, pvu ii, ear i, ecor v) disclosed the cutting patterns classified into 11 groups (i-xi), each of that consisted of s ... | 2008 | 18460835 |
| the fetal brain in bovine viral diarrhea virus-infected calves: lesions, distribution, and cellular heterogeneity of viral antigen at 190 days gestation. | previous studies have shown that the brain is a target of persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and have demonstrated viral tropism for neurons as well as other endogenous cell types in diverse brain areas. apart from foci of mild residual inflammation in some postnatal calves, consistent brain lesions, per se, have not been reported. no similar comprehensive studies of the brain have been reported in bovine fetuses. in the current study, 12 bvdv-seronegative heifers were ... | 2008 | 18487484 |
| a comparison of 2 vaccination programs in feedlot calves at ultra-high risk of developing undifferentiated fever/bovine respiratory disease. | the aim of this study was to compare 2 vaccination programs in feedlot calves at ultra-high risk of developing undifferentiated fever (uf)/bovine respiratory disease (brd). at feedlot arrival, 3882 calves were enrolled in the study and randomly allocated to 2 groups, which were housed by group in 12 pens. at the time of allocation, 1 group (mlv3-bt2) received a multivalent, modified-live viral vaccine containing infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) and types i and ii bovine viral diarr ... | 2008 | 18512457 |
| microbiological and histopathological findings in cases of fatal bovine respiratory disease of feedlot cattle in western canada. | the aim of this study was to describe the microbiologic agents and pathologic processes in fatal bovine respiratory disease (brd) of feedlot cattle and to investigate associations between agents and pathologic processes. ninety feedlot calves diagnosed at necropsy with brd and 9 control calves without brd were examined, using immunohistochemical (ihc) staining and histopathologic studies. mannheimia haemolytica (mh) (peracute, acute, and subacute cases) and mycoplasma bovis (mb) (subacute, bronc ... | 2008 | 18512458 |
| [new furano- and pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleosides and their 5'-triphosphates: synthesis and biological properties]. | bicyclic furano[2,3-d]pyrimidine ribonucleosides were synthesized by pd(0)- and cui-catalyzed coupling of 5-iodouridine with terminal alkynes. the treatment of the resulting nucleosides with ammonia or methylamine solution in aqueous alcohol resulted in pyrrolo- and n(7)-methylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleosides. 5'-o-triphosphates of bicyclic nucleosides were obtained by the treatment of the nucleosides with pocl3 in the presence of a "proton sponge." the 5'-o-triphosphates are not substrates ... | 2008 | 19060941 |
| reproductive tract disease associated with inoculation of pregnant white-tailed deer with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | to inoculate white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) during the sixth or seventh week of gestation with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and observe for signs of reproductive tract disease during a 182-day period. | 2008 | 19046011 |
| inactivation of virus in intravenous immunoglobulin g using solvent/detergent treatment and pasteurization. | the safety of plasma derived medicinal products, such as immunoglobulin, depends on viral inactivation steps that are incorporated into the production process. several attempts have been made to validate the effectiveness of these inactivation methods against a range of physio-chemically diverse viruses. treatment with solvent/detergent (s/d) and pasteurization (p) has been continuously used in our igg production and these methods were analysed in this study as models of viral inactivation. bovi ... | 2008 | 19029665 |
| antiviral activity of benzimidazole derivatives. i. antiviral activity of 1-substituted-2-[(benzotriazol-1/2-yl)methyl]benzimidazoles. | forty-three 2-[(benzotriazol-1/2-yl)methyl]benzimidazoles, bearing either linear (dialkylamino)alkyl- or bulkier (quinolizidin-1-yl)alkyl moieties at position 1, were evaluated in cell-based assays for cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against viruses representative of two of the three genera of the flaviviridae family, i.e. flaviviruses (yellow fever virus (yfv)) and pestiviruses (bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv)), as hepaciviruses can hardly be used in routine cell-based assays. compounds ... | 2008 | 19035566 |
| backscattering particle immunoassays in wire-guide droplet manipulations. | abstract: a simpler way for manipulating droplets on a flat surface was demonstrated, eliminating the complications in the existing methods of open-surface digital microfluidics. programmed and motorized movements of 10 mul droplets were demonstrated using stepper motors and microcontrollers, including merging, complicated movement along the programmed path, and rapid mixing. latex immunoagglutination assays for mouse immunoglobulin g, bovine viral diarrhea virus and escherichia coli were demons ... | 2008 | 19014703 |
| genetic analysis of a bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 isolate from slovakia. | the identification and genetic characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) isolate 17237 detected in western slovakia is described. the analysis of 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr), autoprotease (npro) gene, and structural genes (c, erns, e1, e2) was carried out. the percentage of nucleotide and deduced amino acid identity in analyzed genes implied that the isolate was closely related to the bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (bvdv-2). furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis revealed that th ... | 2008 | 18999890 |
| prevalence of infectious agents in free-ranging white-tailed deer in northeastern mexico. | the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of antibodies against brucellosis, leptospirosis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in northeastern mexico. deer (n=521) were captured from helicopter using a netgun on 15 ranches covering 62,114 ha in the states of coahuila, nuevo leon, and tamaulipas during spring 2004. the prevalence of antibodies against leptospira, infectious bovine rhinot ... | 2008 | 18957659 |
| evidence for persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in a captive mountain goat (oreamnos americanus). | bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) viruses are pestiviruses that have been isolated from domestic and wild ruminants. there is serologic evidence of pestiviral infection in more than 40 species of free-range and captive mammals. vertical transmission can produce persistently infected animals that are immunotolerant to the infecting strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and shed virus throughout their lives. seven species (white-tailed deer, mouse deer, eland, domestic cattle, alpaca, sheep, and ... | 2008 | 18987224 |
| genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1: italian isolates clustered in at least seven subgenotypes. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is an economically important pathogen of cattle. two approved species are recognized, namely bvdv-1 and bvdv-2. to date, only 4 subgenotypes of bvdv-2 are known, and at least 11 distinct subgenotypes have been detected for bvdv-1. in a previous study, the genetic characteristics of 38 field isolates of bvdv from northern italy were investigated, and all 38 isolates were classified as bvdv-1 and could be assigned to 5 different subgenotypes, namely bvdv-1b, bvdv ... | 2008 | 18987229 |
| molecular modelling study of the 3d structure of the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) helicase. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a member of the flaviviridae family of viruses and constitutes a very important pathogen for livestock around the world. the viral helicase is an enzyme essential for the proliferation and transmission of the virus. in this work a 3d-model of the bvdv helicase was produced using homology modelling techniques and the known 3d-structure of the hepatitis c helicase of the flaviviridae family as template, in an attempt to provide the means for structure-based de ... | 2008 | 19374131 |
| prevalence of neospora caninum and bovine viral diarrhoea virus in dairy cows in southern vietnam. | the main purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of neospora caninum and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in some dairy herds in southern vietnam, and to ascertain whether there were differences in seroprevalences between herds with imported and locally bred cows. serum samples collected on five state farms and 97 smallholder herds were analysed for the presence of antibodies to n. caninum and bvdv. all bvdv antibody-negative sera were further tested by antigen-elisa in order ... | 2008 | 17349807 |
| a scoring system for risk assessment of the introduction and spread of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in dairy herds in northern italy. | to support a voluntary disease control program, this study aimed to develop an integrated scoring system for the risk assessment of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection in dairy herds in northern italy. sixty-two dairy herds were classified according to their bvdv serological status. farmers were interviewed using a questionnaire on potential bvdv risk factors. scores were used to define risk levels for factors related to (1) bvdv introduction (through livestock trade, attendance of ani ... | 2008 | 17574459 |
| characterizing clearance of helper adenovirus by a clinical raav1 manufacturing process. | recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (raav) are being developed as gene therapy delivery vehicles and as genetic vaccines, and some of the most scaleable manufacturing methods for raav use live adenovirus to induce production. one aspect of establishing safety of raav products is therefore demonstrating adequate and reliable clearance of this helper virus by the vector purification process. the ich q5a regulatory guidance on viral safety provides recommendations for process design and char ... | 2008 | 17644406 |
| bovine viral diarrhea viruses modulate toll-like receptors, cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules genes expression in bovine peripheral blood monocytes. | we have used noncytopathic (ncp) and cytopathic (cp) bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv) to determine the expression levels of tlr genes, type i ifn, pro-inflammatory and th1/th2 cytokine gene expression in bovine monocytes. in general, both bvdv strains had similar effects. however, we found some significant differences that could be due to biological differences between cp and ncp bvdv strains. tlr3 was significantly up-regulated in 1h ncp, but not in cp bvdv- infected monocytes, whereas tlr7 ... | 2008 | 17706777 |
| genomic analyses of bovine viral diarrhea viruses isolated from cattle imported into japan between 1991 and 2005. | thirty-one isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) isolated within the past 15 years from imported cattle by the japanese animal quarantine service (aqs) were used in this study in which a 5'-untranslated region of each isolate was genetically analyzed. twenty-six of the 31 isolates were classified as bvdv1 and the remainder as bvdv2. phylogenetic analysis of the rt-pcr fragments amplified from the isolates showed the presence of viruses belonging to the bvdv1a, bvdv1b, bvdv1c, unclassifi ... | 2008 | 17881158 |
| epidemiological study of border disease virus infection in southern chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica) after an outbreak of disease in the pyrenees (ne spain). | in 2001 and 2002, an outbreak of a previously unreported disease, associated with a border disease virus (bdv), caused high mortality in the southern chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica) population in the alt pallars-aran national hunting reserve in the catalan pyrenees (ne spain). between 2002 and 2006, sera and/or tissue samples taken from 116 healthy chamois shot during the hunting season, plus 42 from chamois affected by different diseases, were studied. a blocking enzyme-immunosorbent assay (elisa ... | 2008 | 17881162 |
| self-clearance from bvdv infections--a frequent finding in dairy herds in an endemically infected region in peru. | in this cross-sectional study, a stratified two-stage random sampling procedure was employed to select 221 dairy herds for bulk tank milk (btm) sampling, and a subset of 55 dairy herds for individual blood sampling of a number of young animals (spot test), to predict presence or absence of current bvdv infection, and for data collection. the prediction was based on the high probability of seropositivity in groups of animals where pi animals are present because of the efficient spread of virus fr ... | 2008 | 17904667 |
| the extended genetic diversity of bvdv-1: typing of bvdv isolates from france. | 2008 | 17657577 | |
| identification of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 in yaks (bos poephagus grunniens) in the himalayan region. | since cattle are widely infected by bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in india, we searched for pestivirus infection in yaks. of 71 pure and crossbred yaks from himalayan region, pestivirus antigen was detected by ag-elisa in three animals. pestivirus in leukocyte and cell culture isolated virus samples originating from positive yaks was also confirmed by rt-pcr using panpestivirus specific primers selected from 5'-untranslated region (5' utr). the 5' utr, n(pro) and e2 regions were sequenced a ... | 2008 | 17663013 |
| detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) nucleic acid and antigen in different organs of water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis). | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is a pestivirus that infects mainly bovine cattle. nevertheless, there are several reports about infections in other members of the artiodactyla order including serological studies, that indicate infection of bvdv in buffaloes. the aim of this article is to study the presence of bvdv in three young water buffaloes, displaying nonspecific clinical signs, compatible with the bvdv infection. both immunohistochemistry and rt-pcr confirmed the presence of bvdv in t ... | 2008 | 17949764 |
| acute non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus infection induces pronounced type i interferon response in pregnant cows and fetuses. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection occurs in the cattle population worldwide. non-cytopathic (ncp) bvdv strains cause transient infection (ti) or persistent infection (pi) depending on the host's immune status. immunocompetent adult animals and fetuses in late gestation resolve the infection. fetal infection in early gestation results in pi with chronic viremia and life-long viral shedding, ensuring virus perpetuation in the population. eighteen pregnant heifers, divided into three gro ... | 2008 | 18053605 |
| cytoplasmic vacuolization responses to cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a positive sense, single-stranded rna virus which exhibits two biotypes in standard cell culture systems. the cytopathic strains of this virus (cpbvdv) induce dramatic cytoplasmic vacuolization in cell cultures, while infection with the non-cytopathic (ncp-bvdv) strains produces no overt changes in the host cells. our results show that extensive cytoplasmic vacuolization is the earliest morphological change in response to cpbvdv infection in mdbk cells. cell ... | 2008 | 18054406 |
| new 1-indanone thiosemicarbazone derivatives active against bvdv. | identification of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of viral diseases represents an area of active investigation. in an effort to develop new antiviral compounds, a series of 1-indanone thiosemicarbazone derivatives were synthesized. these derivatives were structurally characterized using several spectroscopic techniques and evaluated against bovine viral diarrhoea virus as a surrogate model for hepatitis c virus. thiosemicarbazone 2m showed potent anti-bovine viral diarrhoea virus activi ... | 2008 | 18063227 |
| transdominant inhibition of bovine viral diarrhea virus entry. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a positive-strand rna virus and a member of the genus pestivirus in the family flaviviridae. to identify and characterize essential factors required for bvdv replication, a library expressing random fragments of the bvdv genome was screened for sequences that act as transdominant inhibitors of viral replication by conferring resistance to cytopathic bvdv-induced cell death. we isolated a bvdv-nonpermissive mdbk cell clone that harbored a 1.2-kb insertion spa ... | 2008 | 18094189 |
| the effect of becoming bvdv-free on fertility and udder health in dutch dairy herds. | the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of bvdv-free certification of dairy herds on fertility and udder health. cases were defined as dairy herds that had at least one bvdv-antigen positive animal, subsequently gained the bvdv-free status by participating in the bvdv-control programme of the animal health service (ahs) and maintained this status for at least 2 years. controls had an unknown status for bvdv and two controls were matched to one case by region and herd size. data concer ... | 2008 | 18155307 |
| the relationship between the viral rna level and upregulation of innate immunity in spleen of cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | persistent infection in cattle with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), which is classified in the genus pestivirus, family flaviviridae, may result in growth retardation and immunosuppression. in vitro infection with noncytopathogenic (ncp) bvdv has been shown to suppress interferon (ifn) responses, whereas ncpbvdv induces transient strong ifn responses in vivo following acute infection of naïve cattle. in this study, the innate immune response of the spleen, a crucial organ for immune system h ... | 2008 | 18155368 |
| identification of new genetic subtypes of bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype 1 isolated in japan. | a part of the nucleotide sequence of the 5' untranslated region (5'utr) and e rns region, and the genomic regions encoding for n pro, core, and e2 of so-like isolates and is25cp/01 strain which belong to bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype 1 (bvdv-1) were determined and genetic comparisons were made with sequences of other bvdv subgenotypes. phylogenetic analysis using the 5'utr and n pro revealed that so-like isolates and is25cp/01 branched into independent phylogenetic branch. so-like isolate ... | 2008 | 18181015 |
| respiratory disease associated with bovine coronavirus infection in cattle herds in southern italy. | four outbreaks of bovine respiratory disease (brd) associated with bovine coronavirus (bcov) infection in italian cattle herds were reported. in 3 outbreaks, brd was observed only in 2-3-month-old feedlot calves, whereas in the remaining outbreak, lactating cows, heifers, and calves were simultaneously affected. by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), bcov rna was detected in all outbreaks without evidence of concurrent viral pathogens (i.e., bovine respiratory syncyti ... | 2008 | 18182504 |
| prevalence and characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus in the white-tailed deer population in indiana. | bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) is one of the economically important diseases of cattle. for many years, different types of vaccines have been commercially available, yet this disease is hard to control in high-density population areas. detection and isolation of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) from any potential reservoir is vital, especially when considering virus eradication from a herd or locale. one potential source is wild ruminants. ear notches and lymph nodes were collected from the wild ... | 2008 | 18182513 |
| sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus in pooled serum samples and use of pooled polymerase chain reaction to determine prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus in auction market cattle. | two reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction tests, 1 quantitative (qrt-npcr) and 1 standard (rt-npcr), were evaluated to assess sensitivity for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) of a single positive serum sample in a pool of 30. the rt-npcr and qrt-npcr each detected 95 of 100 known positives. the rt-npcr was used to estimate the prevalence of bvdv in adult beef cows. serum samples were obtained from the us department of agriculture brucellosis testing laboratories i ... | 2008 | 18182514 |
| evaluation of hunter-harvested white-tailed deer for evidence of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in alabama. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is one of the most relevant pathogens affecting today's cattle industries. although great strides have been made in understanding this virus in cattle, little is known about the role of wildlife in the epidemiology of bvdv. while persistently infected cattle are the most important reservoir, free-ranging ungulates may become infected with bvdv as demonstrated by serosurveys and experimental infections. therefore, free-ranging wildlife may maintain bvdv as the r ... | 2008 | 18182515 |
| assessing the effect of sample handling on the performance of a commercial bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | handling practices of specimens may affect the sensitivity or specificity of diagnostic tests. in this study, as part of the voluntary iowa bovine viral diarrhea virus screening project held in 2006, 2 sample-handling practices were evaluated to determine how they affect the sensitivity and specificity of the antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ace) for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). the null hypotheses investigated were 1) that maintenance of samples at room temperature woul ... | 2008 | 18182528 |
| humoral and t cell-mediated immune responses to bivalent killed bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccine in beef cattle. | the objective of this research project was to evaluate the antibody and cell-mediated immune responses to a multivalent vaccine containing killed bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) types 1 and 2. twenty castrated male crossbred beef cattle (350-420kg body weight) seronegative to bvdv were randomly divided into two groups of 10 each. group 1 served as negative mock-vaccinated control. group 2 was vaccinated subcutaneously twice, 3 weeks apart, with modified live bovine herpesvirus 1, parainfluenz ... | 2008 | 18190971 |
| dna prime protein boost strategies protect cattle from bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 challenge. | at present, infections with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type 2 occur nearly as frequently as those with bvdv type 1, so development of vaccines that protect cattle from both type 1 and type 2 bvdv has become critical. in this study, we compared various dna prime-protein boost vaccination strategies to protect cattle from challenge with bvdv-2 using the major protective antigen of bvdv, glycoprotein e2. calves were immunized with a plasmid encoding either type 1 e2 (e2.1) or type 2 e2 (e2. ... | 2008 | 18198376 |
| transmission of bovine viral diarrhoea virus through the semen of acutely infected bulls under field conditions. | epidemiological investigations implicated the semen of artificial insemination (ai) bulls as the only plausible source of infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in 10 finnish dairy herds. the infection was traced back to two northern finncattle bulls that had been transiently infected when their semen had been collected while they were in a gene bank herd containing persistently infected (pi) animals. the isolates of bvdv from the animals in the gene bank herd, from the semen of the ... | 2008 | 18204031 |
| effect of dexamethasone administration on bulls with a localized testicular infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | the objective of this research was to evaluate reactivation of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) following dexamethasone treatment in 4 bulls that had previously been inoculated with bvdv, 3 of which had been demonstrated to have a localized testicular infection. bulls were housed in an isolated pasture with in-contact steers. beginning on day 0 of this study, all bulls received a daily dose of 0.1 mg/kg body weight (bw) of dexamethasone intravenously for 5 consecutive days. blood was collected ... | 2008 | 18214163 |
| diagnostic evaluation of multiplexed reverse transcription-pcr microsphere array assay for detection of foot-and-mouth and look-alike disease viruses. | a high-throughput multiplexed assay was developed for the differential laboratory detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) from viruses that cause clinically similar diseases of livestock. this assay simultaneously screens for five rna and two dna viruses by using multiplexed reverse transcription-pcr (mrt-pcr) amplification coupled with a microsphere hybridization array and flow-cytometric detection. two of the 17 primer-probe sets included in this multiplex assay were adopted from prev ... | 2008 | 18216216 |
| immune evasion by pathogens of bovine respiratory disease complex. | bovine respiratory tract disease is a multi-factorial disease complex involving several viruses and bacteria. viruses that play prominent roles in causing the bovine respiratory disease complex include bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus and parinfluenza-3 virus. bacteria that play prominent roles in this disease complex are mannheimia haemolytica and mycoplasma bovis. other bacteria that infect the bovine respiratory tract of cattle are histophi ... | 2007 | 18218162 |
| effects of feeding heat-treated colostrum on passive transfer of immune and nutritional parameters in neonatal dairy calves. | the first objective of this study was to describe the effect of on-farm heat treatment of colostrum on colostral bacteria counts and igg concentrations. the second objective was to describe the effect of feeding heat-treated (vs. raw) colostrum on passive transfer of colostral immune and nutritional parameters in neonatal calves. pooled batches of colostrum were mixed and divided equally: one half was fed raw whereas the other half was fed after heat treatment at 60 degrees c for 60 min using a ... | 2007 | 17954759 |
| natural iminosugar derivatives of 1-deoxynojirimycin inhibit glycosylation of hepatitis viral envelope proteins. | a silkworm (bombyx mori l.) extract known to contain naturally occurring iminosugars, including 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-dnj) derived from the mulberry tree (morus alba l.), was evaluated in surrogate hcv and hbv in vitro assays. antiviral activity of the silkworm extract and one of its purified constituents, 1-dnj, was demonstrated against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and gb virus-b (gbv-b), both members of the flaviviridae family, and against woodchuck hepatitis virus (whv) and hepatitis b ... | 2007 | 17978803 |
| bovine viral diarrhoea virus infection of alpacas (vicugna pacos) in the uk. | three alpacas (vicugna pacos) aged two to 22 months with a history of illthrift and diarrhoea were examined postmortem, and tissues were collected for histology, including immunohistochemical labelling for pestivirus antigen, virus isolation and taqman reverse transcriptase-pcr assay. blood samples from two clinical cases and the remaining herd members were tested for bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) antibody by serum neutralisation, antigen detection and pcr assay. the three affected alpacas ... | 2007 | 17652435 |
| bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) diversity and vaccination. a review. | bvdv is associated with a range of economically important clinical diseases including reproductive disorders and acute fatal haemorrhagic disease in cattle industry. vaccination is still the most important control strategy for controlling bvdv infections in many countries of the world. the existence of great genetic and antigenic diversity of bvdv isolates is very important concern for bvdv vaccine development and protective efficacy of current vaccines. in this review, the protective efficacies ... | 2007 | 17663212 |
| compatibility of a live infectious bovine rhinotraheitis (ibr) marker vaccine and an inactivated bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) vaccine. | the target animals and vaccination regimes for vaccines against the bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) and the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) are very similar. therefore, we have compared different schedules for the combined use of a live ibr marker vaccine and an inactivated bvd vaccine. the neutralizing antibody response against bvdv did not reveal any differences between the group vaccinated only with the bvd vaccine and the groups that were vaccinated simultaneously (together in the same syri ... | 2007 | 17669560 |
| the imidazopyrrolopyridine analogue ag110 is a novel, highly selective inhibitor of pestiviruses that targets the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase at a hot spot for inhibition of viral replication. | ethyl 2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-8-carboxylate (ag110) was identified as a potent inhibitor of pestivirus replication. the 50% effective concentration values for inhibition of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv)-induced cytopathic effect, viral rna synthesis, and production of infectious virus were 1.2 +/- 0.5 microm, 5 +/- 1 microm, and 2.3 +/- 0.3 microm, respectively. ag110 proved inactive against the hepatitis c virus and a flavivirus. ag110 inhibits bvdv replication at a tim ... | 2007 | 17686854 |
| detection of bovine herpesvirus 4 dna in aborted bovine fetuses. | the presence of bovine herpesvirus 4 (bohv-4) was investigated by several methods in 24 aborted bovine fetuses. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and in situ dna hybridization proved the presence of bohv-4 dna in 7 (29%) of the fetuses. the bohv-4 genome was detected in the cytoplasm of splenic lymphocytes and monocytes, and sometimes in renal tubular epithelial cells or hepatic kupffer cells, in all 7 pcr-positive fetuses. however, bohv-4-specific monoclonal antibody failed to detect viral antige ... | 2007 | 17695599 |
| induction of virus-neutralizing antibodies by immunization with rachiplusia nu per os infected with a recombinant baculovirus expressing the e2 glycoprotein of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | this work describes the development of a novel protein expression system based on rachiplusia nu larvae for the production of the recombinant e2 protein to be used as a vaccine candidate against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). a recombinant baculovirus (ac-e2pol+) bearing the e2 glycoprotein coding sequence of bvdv was obtained. fourth-instar r. nu larvae were infected orally with recombinant polyhedra and the expression of e2 protein was confirmed by immunoblot. in order to test the recombi ... | 2007 | 17905447 |
| reproductive safety of vaccination with vista 5 l5 sq near breeding time as determined by the effect on conception rates. | replacement heifers (n=799; 10 to 13 months of age) were vaccinated with vista 5 l5 sq (intervet; a reconstituted vaccine-bacterin product containing modified-live cultures of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis [ibr] virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus [bvdv; types 1 and 2], parainfluenza-3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus and inactivated cultures of leptospira serovars canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae, and pomona with a proprietary adjuvant) at either 40 plus/minu ... | 2007 | 17926303 |
| impact of variation in acute virulence of bvdv1 strains on design of better vaccine efficacy challenge models. | due to antigenic differences between bvdv1 and bvdv2 strains, both pestivirus species are included in u.s. vaccines. the efficacy of these vaccines in preventing acute infections is evaluated based on reduction of clinical disease. while high virulence bvdv2 strains are used in u.s. vaccine efficacy studies, the bvdv1 strain used (ny-1) produces very little in the way of clinical disease. in order to identify a bvdv1 strain that generates a more pronounced clinical presentation, three field stra ... | 2007 | 17942196 |
| establishment of a bovine herpesvirus 4 based vector expressing a secreted form of the bovine viral diarrhoea virus structural glycoprotein e2 for immunization purposes. | the biological characteristics of bohv-4 make it a good candidate as a gene delivery vector for vaccination purposes. these characteristics include little or no pathogenicity, unlikely oncogenicity, the capability to accommodate large amounts of foreign genetic material, the ability to infect several cell types from different animal species, and the ability to maintain transgene expression in both undifferentiated and differentiated cells. | 2007 | 17945009 |
| the npro product of classical swine fever virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus uses a conserved mechanism to target interferon regulatory factor-3. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is a member of the genus pestivirus in the family flaviviridae. the n(pro) product of csfv targets the host's innate immune response and can prevent the production of type i interferon (ifn). the mechanism by which csfv orchestrates this inhibition was investigated and it is shown that, like the related pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), this involves the n(pro) protein targeting interferon regulatory factor-3 (irf-3) for degradation by proteasomes ... | 2007 | 17947522 |
| numerical taxonomy of the genus pestivirus based on palindromic nucleotide substitutions in the 5' untranslated region. | the palindromic nucleotide substitutions (pns) at the three variable loci (v1, v2 and v3) in the 5' untranslated region (utr) of pestivirus rna have been considered for taxonomical segregation of species, through the evaluation of 430 genomic sequences. on the basis of qualitative and quantitative secondary structure characteristics, six species have been identified: bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (bvdv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (bvdv-2), classical swine fever virus (csfv), border disease ... | 2007 | 17719098 |
| optimisation of the response to respiratory virus vaccines in cattle. | 2007 | 17720964 | |
| sequence-optimised e2 constructs from bvdv-1b and bvdv-2 for dna immunisation in cattle. | we report dna immunisation experiments in cattle using plasmid constructs that encoded glycoprotein e2 from bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv)-1 (e2.1) and bvdv-2 (e2.2). the coding sequences were optimised for efficient expression in mammalian cells. a modified leader peptide sequence from protein gd of bohv1 was inserted upstream of the e2 coding sequences for efficient membrane export of the proteins. recombinant e2 were efficiently expressed in cos7 cells and they presented the native viral ... | 2007 | 17727807 |
| immunohistochemical diagnosis of persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) on skin biopsies. | detection of persistent infection with bovineviral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is essential for both epidemiological and clinical reasons. in addition to the classical virological methods such as virus isolation in tissue culture, elisa and rt-pcr, immunohistochemistry of skin biopsies has become a useful and reliable tool. assuming that the presence of bvdv antigen in skin structures is restricted to persistent infection, this method could differentiate from transient infection. in order to answer th ... | 2007 | 17803113 |
| [heifer breeding farms as a source for spreading the bvd virus?]. | it is well known that, in switzerland, communal grazing of livestock on alpine pastures plays an important role in the spread of bvd virus. analogously, we might expect that the communal raising on farms specialising in raising heifers of animals born on different farms would also favour the spread of bvdv. this study investigated whether a persistently infected (pi) breeding heifer kept on this type of farm over a period of 26 months would put the other animals at risk of being infected. the pi ... | 2007 | 17803114 |
| testicular hypoplasia in a bull persistently infected with bovine diarrhoea virus. | a bull aged 16 months with bilateral testicular hypoplasia and azoospermia was persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). viral antigen was detected in serum and semen by elisa, but the animal was serologically negative. after slaughter, the genital tract was examined histopathologically and by immunohistochemistry, including double immunolabelling with bvdv antibody and either s-100 antibody (for sertoli cells) or ferritin antibody (for leydig cells). the seminiferous tubul ... | 2007 | 17822654 |
| transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus to adult goats from persistently infected cattle. | the transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) from persistently infected (pi) heifers to adult seronegative goats was examined in this study. ten seronegative adult goats were exposed to 4 pi heifers. none of the goats developed any clinical signs but all goats seroconverted by 42 days after exposure to the pi cattle. results indicate that goats are susceptible to bvdv infection when housed with pi cattle. | 2007 | 17823400 |
| selection of mimotopes of bovine viral diarrhoea virus using a solid-phase peptide library. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is an important pathogen of cattle, causing important economical losses world-wide. in this study, an 8-mer solid-phase peptide library was screened with a neutralising monoclonal antibody 157 to generate mimotopes mimicking a conformational neutralising epitope of bvdv e2 protein. two sequences selected 157a1 lfeqyyyf and 157a2 lyrfgefd that did not show a high structural or sequence similarity with bvdv e2 glycoprotein reacted specifically with monoclonal an ... | 2007 | 17825961 |
| distribution and cellular heterogeneity of bovine viral diarrhea viral antigen expression in the brain of persistently infected calves: a new perspective. | persistent infection following in utero exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) early in gestation is a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in cattle industries worldwide. the brain is a primary target of persistent infection. in the current study, the types of cells infected and topography of viral antigen expression were examined in brain sections from 9 bvdv persistently infected crossbred calves, all less than 1 year of age, by immunohistochemical staining using the 15c5 primary ... | 2007 | 17846236 |
| assessment of viral inactivation during ph 3.3 pepsin digestion and caprylic acid treatment of antivenoms. | antivenoms are manufactured by the fractionation of animal plasma which may possibly be contaminated by infectious agents pathogenic to humans. this study was carried out to determine whether pre-existing antivenom production steps, as carried out by egyvac in egypt, may reduce viral risks. two typical manufacturing steps were studied by performing down-scaled viral inactivation experiments: (a) a ph 3.3 pepsin digestion of diluted plasma at 30 degrees c for 1h, and (b) a caprylic acid treatment ... | 2007 | 17363271 |
| recombinant e2 glycoprotein of bovine viral diarrhea virus induces a solid humoral neutralizing immune response but fails to confer total protection in cattle. | two recombinant baculoviruses were produced in order to obtain a bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) immunogen: acnpv/e2 expressing e2 glycoprotein, and acnpv/e0e1e2 expressing the polyprotein region coding for the three structural proteins of bvdv (e0, e1, and e2). mice were immunized with sf9 cells infected with the recombinant baculoviruses in a water in oil formulation and the production of neutralizing antibodies was evaluated. since e2 elicited higher neutralizing antibody titers than e0-e1 ... | 2007 | 17581680 |
| variation in e(rns) viral glycoprotein associated with failure of immunohistochemistry and commercial antigen capture elisa to detect a field strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) affects cattle populations causing clinical signs that range from subclinical immunosuppression to severe reproductive and respiratory problems. detection and removal of persistently infected (pi) calves is the single most important factor for control and eradication of bvdv. current testing strategies to detect pi calves rely heavily on immunohistochemistry (ihc) and a commercially available antigen capture elisa (ace) assay. these viral assays depend on 1 or ... | 2007 | 17582710 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv): epidemiologic concerns relative to semen and embryos. | artificial insemination and embryo transfer are used commonly in cattle production and exchange of germplasm between populations of cattle. if properly monitored, assisted reproductive techniques can be used to prevent the spread of infectious agents. however, these techniques potentially represent unnatural routes for transmission of diseases. bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is broadly distributed among the world's populations of cattle. fluids, gametes and somatic cells from infected animal ... | 2007 | 17588651 |
| molecular phylogenetic analysis of bovine viral diarrhoea virus: a bayesian approach. | genetic typing of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is important for precise classification of viruses. traditionally, inferring bvdv phylogeny has been performed by distance-based method, i.e. neighbor-joining for single genes. in this study, a bayesian approach was exploited to analyze five genetic regions of bvdv genome (5' utr, n(pro), e2a, e2b, and ns3) for 68 taxa retrieved from genbank. the results showed that all taxa in the consensus tree of e2a have been assigned correctly to corresp ... | 2007 | 17597244 |
| compatibility of plasmids encoding bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 and type 2 e2 in a single dna vaccine formulation. | type 2 bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) has become increasingly prevalent worldwide, and currently the ratio of type 2 to type 1 strains in the usa approaches 50%. although there is cross-reactivity between bvdv type 1 and type 2 strains, bvdv1 vaccine strains poorly protect from type 2 infection, so vaccines against bvdv should contain antigens from both bvdv types. previously we demonstrated efficacy of a bvdv1 e2 dna vaccine, and in this study we optimized a bvdv2 e2 dna vaccine. furthermor ... | 2007 | 17597267 |
| resistance of surface-dried virus to common disinfection procedures. | it is believed that surface-dried viruses can remain infectious and may therefore pose a threat to public health. to help address this issue, we studied 0.1 n naoh and 0.1% hypochlorite for their capacity to inactivate surface-dried lipid-enveloped (le) [human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and pseudorabies virus (prv)] and non-lipid-enveloped [nle; canine parvovirus (cpv) and hepatitis a virus (hav)] viruses in a background of either plasma or culture medium. ... | 2007 | 17601636 |
| calf-level risk factors for neonatal diarrhea and shedding of cryptosporidium parvum in ontario dairy calves. | this work was conducted to investigate calf-level factors that influence the risk of neonatal diarrhea and shedding of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in calves, on dairy farms in ontario with histories of calf diarrhea or cryptosporidiosis. fecal samples were collected weekly for 4 weeks from each of 1045 calves under 30 days of age on 11 dairy farms in south-western ontario during the summer of 2003 and the winter of 2004. a questionnaire designed to gather information on calf-level management ... | 2007 | 17602767 |
| effect of maternal cells transferred with colostrum on cellular responses to pathogen antigens in neonatal calves. | to assess the effect of maternal cells or cellular components on neonatal immune responses to intracellular pathogens in calves. | 2007 | 17605614 |
| characterization of protection against systemic infection and disease from experimental bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 infection by use of a modified-live noncytopathic type 1 vaccine in calves. | to evaluate protection resulting from use of a modified-live noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type 1 vaccine against systemic infection and clinical disease in calves challenged with type 2 bvdv. | 2007 | 17605616 |
| comparison of tests for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus in diagnostic samples. | currently, a variety of tests are used to detect bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in persistently infected (pi) cattle. these tests include immunohistochemical staining (ihc), antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ace), virus isolation (vi), and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). however, a lack of methods standardization could compromise the ability to consistently identify animals infected with bvdv. this study evaluated the diagnostic proficiency of curre ... | 2007 | 17609346 |
| reduction of the infectivity of hepatitis c virus pseudoparticles by incorporation of misfolded glycoproteins induced by glucosidase inhibitors. | folding and assembly into complexes of some viral glycoproteins are exquisitely sensitive to endoplasmic reticulum (er) alpha-glucosidase inhibition, which prevents the trimming of glucose from n-linked glycans. derivatives of deoxynojirimycin (dnj) iminosugars, which are potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, were shown to have antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus, a pestivirus related to hepatitis c virus (hcv). the aim of this study was to determine whether these inhibitors wo ... | 2007 | 17374756 |
| activation of cell signaling pathways is dependant on the biotype of bovine viral diarrhea viruses type 2. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a pestivirus of the flaviviridae family, is an economically important cattle pathogen with a worldwide distribution. besides the segregation into two distinct species (bvdv1/bvdv2) two different biotypes, a cytopathic (cp) and a noncytopathic (ncp) biotype, are distinguished based on their behavior in epithelial cell cultures. one of the most serious forms of bvdv infection affecting immunocompetent animals of all ages is severe acute bvd (sa bvd) which is cau ... | 2007 | 17376555 |
| pathogenicity of an indian isolate of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1b in experimentally infected calves. | the aim of this study was to determine the pathogenicity of an indian bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) 1b isolate in 7-9-months-old male calves. infected (four) and control (two) calves were bled at three days interval for hematological, virological and serological studies until day 27. all infected calves developed respiratory illness, biphasic pyrexia, mild diarrhea, leucopenia and mild thrombocytopenia. viraemia was demonstrated between 3 and 15dpi and the infected calves seroconverted by 1 ... | 2007 | 17383693 |
| seroprevalence of selected viral and bacterial pathogens in free-ranging european bison from the białowieza primeval forest (poland). | blood was collected from bison that were selected between 1991 and 2001 for poor body condition, cachexia, lameness and balanoposthitis. sera were tested for antibodies to bovine herpes virus type 1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi-3), brucella abortus, chlamydophila abortus, coxiella burnetti, and leptospira interrogans. the results of serological tests showed a prevalence of low titers of a serological reaction to ... | 2007 | 17388020 |
| prevalence of neospora caninum and persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus in dairy-breed steers in a feedlot. | to determine the prevalence and effect of neospora caninum infection and persistent infection (pi) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) on weight gain, morbidity, and mortality rate in dairy-breed steer calves located on a feedlot in california. | 2007 | 17397345 |
| detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in single or small groups of preimplantation bovine embryos. | the objectives of this study were to develop techniques to detect bvdv associated with single or small groups of bovine embryos contained in small aliquots of medium using either virus isolation (vi) or real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) assays. in vivo-derived and in vitro-produced bovine embryos at 7 d post-fertilization were exposed to sd-1, a high affinity strain of bvdv, for 2 h and then processed according to the international embryo transfer society (iets) guidelin ... | 2007 | 17420041 |
| evaluation of a commercial erns-capture elisa for detection of bvdv in routine diagnostic cattle serum samples. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is an important pathogen in cattle. the ability of the virus to cross the placenta during early pregnancy can result in the birth of persistently infected (pi) calves. these calves shed the virus during their entire lifespan and are the key transmitters of infection. consequently, identification (and subsequent removal) of pi animals is necessary to rapidly clear infected herds from the virus. the objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of a co ... | 2007 | 17352830 |
| experimental persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus in white-tailed deer. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections cause substantial economic losses to the cattle industries. persistently infected (pi) cattle are the most important reservoir for bvdv. white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) are the most abundant species of wild ruminants in the united states and contact between cattle and deer is common. if the outcome of fetal infection of white-tailed deer is similar to cattle, pi white-tailed deer may pose a threat to bvdv control programs. the objective of ... | 2007 | 17353103 |
| antiviral profiles of novel iminocyclitol compounds against bovine viral diarrhea virus, west nile virus, dengue virus and hepatitis b virus. | the antiviral activity of iminocyclitol compounds with a deoxynojirimycin (dnj) head group and either a straight chain alkyl or alkylcycloalkyl group attached to the nitrogen atom have been tested in vitro against multiple-enveloped viruses. several of these analogues were superior to previously reported dnj compounds. iminocyclitols that inhibit the glycan-processing enzyme endoplasmic-reticular glucosidase have been shown to inhibit the morphogenesis of viruses that bud from the endoplasmic re ... | 2007 | 17354651 |
| aetiology of bovine abortion in switzerland from 1986 to 1995--a retrospective study with emphasis on detection of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii by pcr. | in a retrospective study, covering the period from 1986 to 1995, tissues of aborted fetuses were re-examined. a total of 347 cases were tested immunohistochemically, among them samples of 223 brains were examined for neospora caninum, toxoplasma gondii and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv), and 249 placentae for chlamydiaceae. two real-time pcr assays, one for n. caninum, and one for t. gondii, were developed. these potential abortion-inducing agents were detected - and confirmed by pcr, excep ... | 2007 | 17359449 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus: prevention of persistent fetal infection by a combination of two mutations affecting erns rnase and npro protease. | different genetically engineered mutants of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) were analyzed for the ability to establish infection in the fetuses of pregnant heifers. the virus mutants exhibited either a deletion of the overwhelming part of the genomic region coding for the n-terminal protease n(pro), a deletion of codon 349, which abrogates the rnase activity of the structural glycoprotein e(rns), or a combination of both mutations. two months after infection of pregnant cattle with wild-type ... | 2007 | 17215285 |
| production effects of pathogens causing bovine leukosis, bovine viral diarrhea, paratuberculosis, and neosporosis. | the primary purpose of this research was to determine associations among seropositivity for bovine leukemia virus (blv), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map), and neospora caninum (nc) and each of 3 outcome variables (305-d milk, fat, and protein production) in canadian dairy cattle. serum samples from up to 30 randomly selected cows from 342 herds on monthly milk testing were tested for antibodies against blv (idexx elisa; idexx corporation, westbr ... | 2007 | 17235141 |
| mycobacterium bovis shedding patterns from experimentally infected calves and the effect of concurrent infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | concurrent infection of cattle with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and mycobacterium bovis is considered to be a possible risk factor for onward transmission of bovine tuberculosis (btb) in infected cattle and is known to compromise diagnostic tests. a comparison is made here of m. bovis shedding (i.e. release) characteristics from 12 calves, six experimentally co-infected with bvdv and six infected with m. bovis alone, using simple models of bacterial replication. these statistical and mat ... | 2007 | 17251130 |
| virulence, immunogenicity and vaccine properties of a novel chimeric pestivirus. | a chimeric pestivirus of border disease virus gifhorn and bovine viral diarrhea virus cp7 (meyers et al., 1996) was constructed. virulence, immunogenicity and vaccine properties of the chimeric virus were studied in a vaccination-challenge experiment in pigs. the chimeric virus proved to be avirulent and neither chimeric virus nor viral rna was detected in serum after vaccination. the safety of the vaccine was tested by horizontal transmission to sentinel pigs, which remained uninfected. the vac ... | 2007 | 17251566 |
| cp7_e2alf: a safe and efficient marker vaccine strain for oral immunisation of wild boar against classical swine fever virus (csfv). | wild boar are an important reservoir of classical swine fever virus (csfv) in several european countries, where most of the primary outbreaks in domestic pigs are directly related to the endemic disease situation in the wild boar population. oral immunisation has been introduced as an additional control measure to accelerate csf eradication in wild boar in germany since 1993. immunisation with an oral bait vaccine based on the conventionally attenuated live vaccine strain "c" proved to be safe a ... | 2007 | 17257713 |
| efficacy of a quadrivalent vaccine against respiratory diseases caused by bhv-1, pi3v, bvdv and brsv in experimentally infected calves. | the efficacy of a quadrivalent vaccine against viral bovine respiratory diseases (brd) was assessed in four experimental studies. calves between 2 and 9 months of age were allocated to one of two treatment groups (n=9-15) and then received either the vaccine or sterile saline in two doses approximately 3 weeks apart. three to 5 weeks after the second injection, animals were challenged experimentally with one of the viruses, bovine herpes-virus-1 (bhv-1), parainfluenza type-3 virus (pi(3)v), bovi ... | 2007 | 17276108 |
| [transgenic wheat expressing virus-derived hairpin rna is resistant to barley yellow dwarf virus]. | an expression vector expected to induce rna interference against barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv), which expressed a composite hprna with the dsrna stem homologous of bydv gpv replicase gene and the antisense rna loop homologous of coat protein gene, was designed without marker gene. the vector was transferred into callus cells from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) immature embryos by particle bombardment. to select the positive transformants as early as possible, a rapid pcr, which does not need ex ... | 2007 | 17284432 |
| crystal structure of the rna polymerase domain of the west nile virus non-structural protein 5. | viruses of the family flaviviridae are important human and animal pathogens. among them, the flaviviruses dengue (denv) and west nile (wnv) cause regular outbreaks with fatal outcomes. the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) activity of the non-structural protein 5 (ns5) is a key activity for viral rna replication. in this study, crystal structures of enzymatically active and inactive wnv rdrp domains were determined at 3.0- and 2.35-a resolution, respectively. the determined structures were sho ... | 2007 | 17287213 |
| suitability of vaccinia virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) for determining activities of three commonly-used alcohol-based hand rubs against enveloped viruses. | a procedure for including activity against enveloped viruses in the post-contamination treatment of hands has been recommended, but so far no european standard is available to implement it. in 2004, the german robert koch-institute (rki) and the german association for the control of virus disease (dvv) suggested that vaccinia virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) should be used as test viruses in a quantitative suspension test to determine the activity of a disinfectant against all envelo ... | 2007 | 17291338 |
| sensitivity analysis to identify key-parameters in modelling the spread of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in a dairy herd. | models have been developed to represent the spread of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in cattle herds. whereas the herd dynamics is well known, biological data are missing to estimate the parameters of the infection process. our objective was to identify the parameters of the infection process that highly influence the spread of bvdv in a dairy herd. a stochastic compartmental model in discrete time represented bvdv infection in a typical holstein dairy herd structured into five groups (calv ... | 2007 | 17303270 |
| impairment of innate immune responses of airway epithelium by infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection is an important risk factor for development of shipping fever pneumonia in feedlot cattle, and infects but does not cause morphologic evidence of damage to airway epithelial cells. we hypothesized that bvdv predisposes to bacterial pneumonia by impairing innate immune responses in airway epithelial cells. primary cultures of bovine tracheal epithelial cells were infected with bvdv for 48 h, then stimulated with lps for 16 h. expression of tracheal ant ... | 2007 | 17306889 |
| evaluation of the vaccine potential of an equine herpesvirus type 1 vector expressing bovine viral diarrhea virus structural proteins. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is an economically important pathogen of cattle that is maintained in the population by persistently infected animals. virus infection may result in reproductive failure, respiratory disease and diarrhoea in naïve, susceptible bovines. here, the construction and characterization of a novel vectored vaccine, which is based on the incorporation of genes encoding bvdv structural proteins (c, erns, e1, e2) into a bacterial artificial chromosome of the equine herpes ... | 2007 | 17325347 |
| evaluation of the induction of ns3 specific bvdv antibodies using a commercial inactivated bvdv vaccine in immunization and challenge trials. | in order to evaluate whether cattle vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine against bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) can be differentiated serologically from bvdv infected animals, two different aspects were investigated. firstly the antibody response against non-structural proteins (ns) was measured after multiple vaccinations of cattle with a single or double dose of a commercially available inactivated bvdv vaccine. in a second study, the animals were first vaccinated with the product, and ... | 2007 | 17336433 |
| evaluation of two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in serum and skin biopsies of cattle. | to assess the ability of two commercial bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd) virus (bvdv) antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) to detect virus in serum and skin biopsies. | 2007 | 17339916 |