Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| antlers of cervus elaphus as biomonitors of ⁹⁰sr in the environment. | adequate radioprotection of the environment requires the identification of biomonitors sensitive to the variation of its radionuclide content. due to the chemical similarities between calcium and strontium, calcified tissues of mammals are considered to be good ⁹⁰sr biomonitors. this work considered cervus elaphus antlers which, being shed annually, can give information about the importance of radiostrontium contamination in an ecosystem in the time period required for the growth of the antler. ... | 2011 | 21255884 |
| signal transduction of pregnenolone sulfate in insulinoma cells: activation of egr-1 expression involving trpm3, voltage-gated calcium channels, erk, and ternary complex factors. | the neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate acts on the nervous system by modifying neurotransmission and receptor functions, thus influencing synaptic strength, neuronal survival, and neurogenesis. here we show that pregnenolone sulfate induces a signaling cascade in insulinoma cells leading to enhanced expression of the zinc finger transcription factor egr-1 and egr-1-responsive target genes. pharmacological and genetic experiments revealed that influx of ca(2+) ions via transient receptor potential ... | 2011 | 21257751 |
| epidermal growth factor regulates mcl-1 expression through the mapk-elk-1 signalling pathway contributing to cell survival in breast cancer. | myeloid cell leukaemia-1 (mcl-1) is an anti-apoptotic member of the bcl-2 family that is elevated in a variety of tumour types including breast cancer. in breast tumours, increased mcl-1 expression correlates with high tumour grade and poor patient survival. we have previously demonstrated that her-2 levels correspond to increased mcl-1 expression in breast tumours. epidermal growth factor (egf) receptor signalling is frequently deregulated in breast cancer and leads to increased proliferation a ... | 2011 | 21258408 |
| development of in-situ measurement for 90 sr specific activity by ß-ray survey meter combined with sensitivity correction by monte carlo calculation. | the objective of this study was to develop an in-situ measurement technique for the instant detection of the (90)sr contamination. a numerical method to correct the detection efficiency of the ß survey meter was applied for an elk antler sample from the vicinity of the mayak facility. the estimated (90)sr specific activity of 0.21±0.04 bq/g agrees within the factor of two to the value 0.11±0.06 bq/g evaluated with the imaging plate, which was previously validated. also, the dependence of the det ... | 2011 | 21310623 |
| babesias of red deer (cervus elaphus) in ireland. | abstract: blood samples were obtained from 38 wild red deer (cervus elaphus) at two sites in ireland and subjected to pcr analysis of the 18s rrna gene followed by sequencing. two fragments of the 18s rrna gene were generated by two different pcr protocols and subsequent sequencing suggested that at least six of the deer were infected by a babesia that, in those loci, is indistinguishable from babesia divergens, an important tick-borne pathogen of cattle and of zoonotic significance. additionall ... | 2011 | 21314977 |
| immunoregulatory cytokines are associated with protection from immunopathology following mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in red deer. | although the causative agent of johne's disease, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, is well known, the etiology of disease and the immune responses generated in response to infection are still poorly understood. knowledge of definitive markers of protective immunity, infection, and the establishment of chronic granulomatous johne's disease is necessary to advance vaccine and diagnostic development. we sought to profile the immune responses occurring within jejunal lymph nodes of experi ... | 2011 | 21321071 |
| genetic variants of anaplasma phagocytophilum in wild caprine and cervid ungulates from the alps in tyrol, austria. | the occurrence of genetic variants of anaplasma phagocytophilum was studied in wild ungulates from the northern and central eastern alps in tyrol, austria. for this purpose, spleen samples collected from 53 game animals during the hunting season 2008/2009 (16 roe deer [capreolus capreolus], 10 red deer [cervus elaphus], 16 alpine chamois [rupicapra r. rupicapra], 7 alpine ibex [capra i. ibex], and 4 european mouflons [ovis orientalis musimon]) were analyzed. thirty-five animals originated from t ... | 2011 | 21323423 |
| iron storage disease in red deer (cervus elaphus elaphus) is not associated with mutations in the hfe gene. | iron storage diseases are rare conditions of dysregulated iron metabolism in man and animals. a genetic basis has been confirmed only for human haemochromatosis. iron storage disease was diagnosed in six related, 2-year-old male red deer of the same herd. these animals presented with weight loss and rough hair coats. haematological examination was unremarkable. at necropsy examination, gross lesions were restricted to cachexia. microscopical examination revealed severe, diffuse hepatocellular ne ... | 2011 | 21334004 |
| effect of sitagliptin plus metformin on ß-cell function, islet integrity and islet gene expression in zucker diabetic fatty rats. | the combination of metformin and a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (dpp-4) inhibitor has been shown to be an effective, safe, and well-tolerated treatment for type 2 diabetes. we evaluated ß-cell function and morphological changes in islets in zucker diabetic fatty (zdf) rats following combined therapy with sitagliptin and metformin and investigated the expression of potentially relevant genes using cdna microarrays. | 2011 | 21345512 |
| regulation of heart rate and rumen temperature in red deer: effects of season and food intake. | red deer, cervus elaphus, like other temperate-zone animals, show a large seasonal fluctuation in energy intake and expenditure. many seasonal phenotypic adjustments are coordinated by endogenous signals entrained to the photoperiod. the cues determining variation in the resting metabolism of ungulates remain equivocal, however, largely because of the confounding effects of food intake and thus the heat increment of feeding. to distinguish endogenous seasonal and environmental effects on metabol ... | 2011 | 21346124 |
| seasonal variations in red deer (cervus elaphus) hematology related to antler growth and biometrics measurements. | the aim of the study was to relate seasonal hematology changes with the rest of physiological variations suffered by red deer, such as antler and biometrics cycle, and to assess the relationship between hematology and the effort performed in antler development. blood samples were taken from 21 male red deer every 4 weeks during 18 months. samples were analyzed for the main hematological parameters. simultaneously, biometrics measurements were taken, such as antler length, body weight, body condi ... | 2011 | 21351240 |
| expression profile analysis of the inflammatory response regulated by hepatocyte nuclear factor 4a. | hepatocyte nuclear factor 4a (hnf4a), a liver-specific transcription factor, plays a significant role in liver-specific functions. however, its functions are poorly understood in the regulation of the inflammatory response. in order to obtain a genomic view of hnf4a in this context, microarray analysis was used to probe the expression profile of an inflammatory response induced by cytokine stimulation in a model of hnf4a knock-down in hepg2 cells. | 2011 | 21352552 |
| ets-domain transcription factor elk-1 mediates neuronal survival: smn as a potential target. | elk-1 belongs to the ternary complex factors (tcfs) subfamily of the ets domain proteins, and plays a critical role in the expression of immediate-early genes (iegs) upon mitogen stimulation and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascade. the association of tcfs with serum response elements (sres) on ieg promoters has been widely studied and a role for elk-1 in promoting cell cycle entry has been determined. however, the presence of the ets domain transcription factor elk- ... | 2011 | 21362474 |
| sprouty2 and spred1-2 proteins inhibit the activation of the erk pathway elicited by cyclopentenone prostanoids. | sprouty and spred proteins have been widely implicated in the negative regulation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor-extracellular regulated kinase (erk) pathway. in considering the functional role of these proteins, we explored their effects on erk activation induced by cyclopentenone prostanoids, which bind to and activate ras proteins. we therefore found that ectopic overexpression in hela cells of human sprouty2, or human spred1 or 2, inhibits erk1/2 and elk-1 activation triggered by t ... | 2011 | 21364986 |
| characteristics of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli from meat and milk products of different origins and association with food producing animals as main contamination sources. | shiga toxin-producing strains of escherichia coli (stec) cause diarrhoea and haemorrhagic colitis in humans. most human infections are attributed to consumption of stec contaminated foodstuff. food producing animals constitute important reservoirs of stec and serve as source of food contamination. in this study, we have analyzed 593 foodborne stec strains for their serotypes and for nine virulence genes (stx1, stx1c, stx1d, stx2, stx2b, stx2e, stx2g, e-hly and eae). the 593 stec strains grouped ... | 2011 | 21371769 |
| regulation of cancer cell proliferation by caveolin-2 down-regulation and re-expression. | we investigated whether altering caveolin-2 (cav-2) expression affects the proliferation of cancer cells. cav-2 was not detected in hepg2, sh-sy5y and ln-cap cells, and the loss of cav-2 expression was not restored by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment. in contrast, c6, hela, a549, mcf7 and pc3m cells expressed cav-2. effects of re-expression of exogenous cav-2 in hepg2, sh-sy5y and ln-cap cells, and sirna-mediated down-regulation of endogenous cav-2 in c6, hela, a549, mcf7 and pc3m cells on cance ... | 2011 | 21373752 |
| prevalence, distribution, and diversity of salmonella enterica in a major produce region of california. | a survey was initiated to determine the prevalence of salmonella enterica in the environment in and around monterey county, ca, a major agriculture region of the united states. trypticase soy broth enrichment cultures of samples of soil/sediment (n = 617), water (n = 252), wildlife (n = 476), cattle feces (n = 795), and preharvest lettuce and spinach (n = 261) tested originally for the presence of pathogenic escherichia coli were kept in frozen storage and later used to test for the presence of ... | 2011 | 21378057 |
| molecular dynamic simulation of wild type and mutants of the polymorphic amyloid nnqntf segments of elk prion: structural stability and thermodynamic of association. | a hexapeptide with amino acid sequence nnqntf from the elk prion protein forms amyloid fibrils. here we use molecular dynamic simulations of the oligomers and their single point glycine mutants to study their stability. in an effort to probe the structural stability and association thermodynamic in a realistic environment, all wildtype of nnqntf polymorphic forms with different size and their corresponding double layer 5 strands single point glycine mutants were subjected to a total of 500 ns of ... | 2011 | 21384336 |
| spg4 gene promoter regulation via elk1 transcription factor. | the most common cause of autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia, that is characterized with axonal degeneration in corticospinal tracts and posterior columns, is known to be caused by mutations in the spg4 gene which encodes spastin, a microtubule severing atpase belonging to aaa family. spastin promotes the formation of microtubule networks that are essential for axon growth and branching which are important for neuronal plasticity. mutations observed in spg4 gene of hereditary spasti ... | 2011 | 21395583 |
| use of the intradermal tuberculin test in a herd of captive elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) naturally infected with mycobacterium bovis. | in the united states, tuberculosis of captive cervids, caused by mycobacterium bovis, attracted attention in 1991 when investigations, prompted by the identification of a tuberculous elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) of u.s. origin exported to canada, revealed tuberculosis in 10 different elk herds in 8 different states. based on methods used in cattle, official regulations pertaining to testing and eradication of tuberculosis in captive cervids were added to the u.s. department of agriculture bovine ... | 2011 | 21398465 |
| a feedback loop between androgen receptor and erk signaling in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. | estrogen receptor (er)-negative breast cancer is heterogeneous, and the biology of this disease has remained poorly understood. molecular apocrine is a subtype of er-negative breast cancer that is characterized by the overexpression of steroid-response genes such as ar and a high rate of erbb2 amplification. in this study, we have identified a positive feedback loop between the ar and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) signaling pathways in molecular apocrine breast cancer. in this proc ... | 2011 | 21403841 |
| requirement of osteopontin in the migration and protection against taxol-induced apoptosis via the atx-lpa axis in sgc7901 cells. | autotaxin (atx) possesses lysophospholipase d (lyso pld) activity, which converts lysophosphatidylcholine (lpc) into lysophosphatidic acid (lpa). the atx-lpa signaling axis has been implicated in angiogenesis, chronic inflammation and tumor progression. osteopontin (opn) is an important chemokine involved in the survival, proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. the focus of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the atx-lpa axis and opn. | 2011 | 21406114 |
| btv infection in wild ruminants, with emphasis on red deer: a review. | the distribution of bluetongue virus has changed, possibly related to climate change. vaccination of domestic ruminants is taking place throughout europe to control bt expansion. the high density of wild red deer (cervus elaphus) in some european regions has raised concerns about the potential role that unvaccinated european wild ungulates might play in maintaining or spreading the virus. most species of wild ruminants are susceptible to btv infection, although frequently asymptomatically. the r ... | 2011 | 21411246 |
| vaccination with brucella abortus recombinant in vivo-induced antigens reduces bacterial load and promotes clearance in a mouse model for infection. | current vaccines used for the prevention of brucellosis are ineffective in inducing protective immunity in animals that are chronically infected with brucella abortus, such as elk. using a gene discovery approach, in vivo-induced antigen technology (iviat) on b. abortus, we previously identified ten loci that encode products up-regulated during infection in elk and consequently may play a role in virulence. in our present study, five of the loci (d15, 0187, virj, mdh, afua) were selected for fur ... | 2011 | 21412420 |
| descended and mobile larynx, vocal tract elongation and rutting roars in male goitred gazelles (gazella subgutturosa güldenstaedt, 1780). | similar to male humans, homo sapiens, the males of a few polygynous ruminants - red deer cervus elaphus, fallow deer dama dama and mongolian gazelle procapra gutturosa- have a more or less enlarged, low-resting larynx and are capable of additional dynamic vocal tract elongation by larynx retraction during their rutting calls. the vocal correlates of a large larynx and an elongated vocal tract, a low fundamental frequency and low vocal tract resonance frequencies, deter rival males and attract re ... | 2011 | 21413987 |
| glutathione peroxidase (gshpx) activity in the liver of red deer in relation to hepatic selenium concentrations, sex, body weight and season of the year. | the purpose of this study was to determine glutathione peroxidase (gshpx) activity in the liver of red deer in relation to selenium concentrations in the liver, as well as to evaluate changes in gshpx activity according to sex, body weight and season of the year. total selenium concentration in the liver of red deer averaged 0.095?±?0.018 µg/g of wet weight. gshpx activity in the liver of red deer ranged widely from 4.4 to 45.8 u/g of protein. females were characterized by higher gshpx activity ... | 2011 | 21416340 |
| selenium and 17 other largely essential and toxic metals in muscle and organ meats of red deer (cervus elaphus)--consequences to human health. | concentrations, composition and interrelationships of selenium and metallic elements (ag, ba, cd, co, cr, cs, cu, ga, mn, mo, pb, rb, sb, sr, tl, v and zn) have been examined in muscle and organ meats of red deer hunted in poland. the analytical data obtained were also discussed in terms of se supplementation and deficit to deer as well as the benefits and risk to humans associated with the essential and toxic metals intake resulting from consumption of deer meat and products. these elements wer ... | 2011 | 21429582 |
| replication efficiency of soil-bound prions varies with soil type. | prion sorption to soil is thought to play an important role in the transmission of scrapie and chronic wasting disease (cwd) via the environment. sorption of prp to soil and soil minerals is influenced by the strain and species of prp(sc) and by soil characteristics. however, the ability of soil-bound prions to convert prp(c) to prp(sc) under these wide-ranging conditions remains poorly understood. we developed a semiquantitative protein misfolding cyclic amplification (pmca) protocol to evaluat ... | 2011 | 21430062 |
| quantitative ultrasound and vertebral fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes. | patients with type 2 diabetes (t2dm) are known to have increased risks of femoral neck and vertebral fractures, although their bone mineral density (bmd) is normal or even slightly increased compared to non-dm controls. this observation suggests that bone fragility not reflected by bmd, possibly deterioration of bone quality, may participate in their fracture risks. quantitative ultrasound (qus), unlike bmd, could possibly evaluate bone quality, especially the microarchitecture, and therefore ma ... | 2011 | 21437613 |
| the testing season affects red deer skinfold increase in response to phytohaemagglutinin. | red deer (cervus elaphus) have a pronounced seasonality in their physiology. the aim of this study was to assess the effect of the season on red deer responsiveness to skin testing with the phytohaemagglutinin (pha) mitogen. study subjects included 270 farmed adult red deer (19 stags and 251 hinds). the skin testing was carried out between january 2009 and august 2010. the animals were injected intradermally with a 0.1 ml volume containing 250 µg of pha diluted in phosphate buffered saline. the ... | 2011 | 21440317 |
| progress in the control of bovine tuberculosis in spanish wildlife. | despite the compulsory test and slaughter campaigns in cattle, bovine tuberculosis (btb) is still present in spain, and the role of wildlife reservoirs is increasingly recognized. we provide an update on recent progress made in btb control in spanish wildlife, including aspects of epidemiology, surveillance, host-pathogen interaction and wildlife vaccination. at the high densities and in the particular circumstances of mediterranean environments, wild ungulates, mainly eurasian wild boar and red ... | 2011 | 21440387 |
| the wnt antagonist dkk1 regulates intestinal epithelial homeostasis and wound repair. | dkk1 is a secreted antagonist of the wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. it is induced by inflammatory cytokines during colitis and exacerbates tissue damage by promoting apoptosis of epithelial cells. however, little is known about the physiologic role of dkk1 in normal intestinal homeostasis and during wound repair following mucosal injury. we investigated whether inhibition of dkk1 affects the morphology and function of the adult intestine. | 2011 | 21440550 |
| elk-1 a transcription factor with multiple facets in the brain. | the ternary complex factor (tcf) elk-1 is a transcription factor that regulates immediate early gene (ieg) expression via the serum response element (sre) dna consensus site. elk-1 is associated with a dimer of serum response factor (srf) at the sre site, and its phosphorylation occurs at specific residues in response to mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks), including c-jun-n terminal kinase (jnk), p38/mapk, and extracellular-signal regulated kinase (erk). this phosphorylation event is crit ... | 2011 | 21441990 |
| do multiple herbivores maintain chemical diversity of scots pine monoterpenes? | a central issue in our understanding of the evolution of the diversity of plant secondary metabolites (psms) is whether or not compounds are functional, conferring an advantage to the plant, or non-functional. we examine the hypothesis that the diversity of monoterpene psms within a plant species (scots pine pinus sylvestris) may be explained by different compounds acting as defences against high-impact herbivores operating at different life stages. we also hypothesize that pairwise coevolution, ... | 2011 | 21444308 |
| collagen fragments inhibit hyaluronan synthesis in skin fibroblasts in response to ultraviolet b (uvb): new insights into mechanisms of matrix remodeling. | uvb irradiation causes characteristic features of skin aging including remodeling of the dermal extracellular matrix. a key feature during this process is the up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases and cleavage of collagen. hyaluronic acid (ha), a major component of the dermal matrix, decreases after chronic uvb exposure. however, the factors that govern the decline of ha synthesis during the course of actinic aging are largely unknown. the aim of the present study was to explore whether col ... | 2011 | 21454612 |
| maintenance, spillover and spillback transmission of bovine tuberculosis in multi-host wildlife complexes: a new zealand case study. | the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (btb; mycobacterium bovis) has a broad host range. the role of each animal species in spreading the disease depends on how transmission occurs, on the abundance of each host, and on the interactions between hosts. this paper explores differences in the roles individual host species can play in allowing m. bovis infection to persist and spread within a multi-species complex, using new zealand as a case study. in new zealand, four wild mammal species are ... | 2011 | 21458931 |
| implications and challenges of tuberculosis in wildlife ungulates in portugal: a molecular epidemiology perspective. | mycobacterium bovis and, more rarely, mycobacterium caprae, may cause zoonotic bovine tuberculosis (btb) in an extensive range of animal species. in portugal, during 2009, a remarkable raise of btb incidence was registered in cattle along with an increase of new cases in wildlife. in this work, we reassess and update the molecular epidemiology of btb in wild ungulates by including 83 new m. bovis and m. caprae isolates from wild boar and red deer obtained during 2008-2009. spoligotyping identifi ... | 2011 | 21459394 |
| investigation of the effects of experimental autolysis on the detection of abnormal prion protein in lymphoid and central nervous system tissues from elk and sheep using the western blotting method. | tissues unsuitable for standard immunohistochemical and histopathological examinations for chronic wasting disease (cwd) in cervids and for scrapie in sheep are frequently submitted for testing. this study investigated the effects of experimental autolysis on the detection of abnormal prion protein (prpsc) in lymphoid and central nervous system (cns) tissues from elk and sheep. the prpsc was detected using a western blotting (wb) test following prpsc enrichment using sodium phosphotungstic acid ... | 2011 | 21461199 |
| effect of different factors on proliferation of antler cells, cultured in vitro. | antlers as a potential model for bone growth and development have become an object of rising interest. to elucidate processes explaining how antler growth is regulated, in vitro cultures have been established. however, until now, there has been no standard method to cultivate antler cells and in vitro results are often opposite to those reported in vivo. in addition, many factors which are often not taken into account under in vitro conditions may play an important role in the development of ant ... | 2011 | 21464927 |
| parapoxvirus infections of red deer, italy. | to characterize parapoxviruses causing severe disease in wild ruminants in stelvio park, italy, we sequenced and compared the dna of several isolates. results demonstrated that the red deer isolates are closely related to the parapox of red deer in new zealand virus. | 2011 | 21470460 |
| calcium input potentiates the transforming growth factor (tgf)-{beta}1-dependent signaling to promote the export of inorganic pyrophosphate by articular chondrocyte. | transforming growth factor (tgf)-β1 stimulates extracellular pp(i) (epp(i)) generation and promotes chondrocalcinosis, which also occurs secondary to hyperparathyroidism-induced hypercalcemia. we previously demonstrated that ank was up-regulated by tgf-β1 activation of erk1/2 and ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase c (pkcα). thus, we investigated mechanisms by which calcium could affect epp(i) metabolism, especially its main regulating proteins ank and pc-1 (plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1). we ... | 2011 | 21471198 |
| srf-dependent micrornas regulate gastrointestinal smooth muscle cell phenotypes. | background & aims:: smooth muscle cells (smcs) change phenotypes under various pathophysiological conditions. such change is controlled by the serum response factor (srf), a transcription factor that binds to carg boxes in sm contractile genes. micrornas (mirna) regulate transitions among smc phenotypes. the smc mirna transcriptome (smc mirnaome) and the regulation of the smc mirnaome by srf have not been determined. methods:: we performed massively parallel sequencing to identify gastrointestin ... | 2011 | 21473868 |
| presence and seeding activity of pathological prion protein (prp(tse)) in skeletal muscles of white-tailed deer infected with chronic wasting disease. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a contagious, rapidly spreading transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (tse), or prion disease, occurring in cervids such as white tailed-deer (wtd), mule deer or elk in north america. despite efficient horizontal transmission of cwd among cervids natural transmission of the disease to other species has not yet been observed. here, we report for the first time a direct biochemical demonstration of pathological prion protein prp(tse) and of prp(tse)-associated se ... | 2011 | 21483771 |
| differential expression of ets family members in prostate cancer tissues and androgen-sensitive and insensitive prostate cancer cell lines. | the ets family of transcription factors plays important roles in both normal and neoplastic cells for different biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, development, transformation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and angiogenesis. the 27 ets factors are probably a part of complex regulatory networks including interactions among family members. in human prostate cancer, rearrangements have been found in several genes of the ets family resulting in chimeric oncoproteins. in a p ... | 2011 | 21491078 |
| a model of a mapk•substrate complex in an active conformation: a computational and experimental approach. | the mechanisms by which map kinases recognize and phosphorylate substrates are not completely understood. efforts to understand the mechanisms have been compromised by the lack of mapk-substrate structures. while mapk-substrate docking is well established as a viable mechanism for bringing mapks and substrates into close proximity the molecular details of how such docking promotes phosphorylation is an unresolved issue. in the present study computer modeling approaches, with restraints derived f ... | 2011 | 21494553 |
| seasonal luteal cyclicity of pubertal and adult red deer (cervus elaphus). | reproductive failure of rising-two-year-old (r(2)) hinds and seasonal misalignment between calving and pastoral feed production are two factors limiting reproductive productivity of farmed red deer hinds in new zealand. this study aimed to better understand processes around female puberty and breeding seasonality by describing the potential breeding season (i.e., oestrous cyclicity) of three red deer genotypes. a total of 27 hinds born in december 2005, representing eastern european (cervus elap ... | 2011 | 21497465 |
| mek-erk pathway regulates ezh2 overexpression in association with aggressive breast cancer subtypes. | ezh2 overexpression occurs in various malignancies and is associated with a poor outcome. we have so far demonstrated that ezh2 downregulates the important genes such as e-cadherin and runx3 by increasing histone h3k27 trimethylation. however, the mechanism of ezh2 overexpression in various cancer cells remains unclear. in this study we carried out a promoter analysis of the ezh2 gene and investigated whether a survival signal that is upregulated in cancer cells is related to overexpression at t ... | 2011 | 21499305 |
| adaptation of a species-specific multiplex pcr assay for the identification of blood meal source in culicoides (ceratopogonidae: diptera): applications on palaearctic biting midge species, vectors of orbiviruses. | culicoides are small biting midges involved worldwide in the transmission of bluetongue and african horse sickness viruses. feeding behaviours of palaearctic biting midge species and their spatio-temporal dynamics remain unclear at the specific level. three multiplex species-specific pcr-based assays were developed and used to identify blood meal source of engorged females of palaearctic midge species of veterinary interest. species-specific primers of potential hosts from livestock, domestic an ... | 2011 | 21511056 |
| body condition and pregnancy in northern yellowstone elk: evidence for predation risk effects? | s. creel et al. reported a negative correlation between fecal progesterone concentrations and elk:wolf ratios in greater yellowstone elk (cervus elaphus) herds and interpreted this correlation as evidence that pregnancy rates of elk decreased substantially in the presence of wolves (canis lupus). apparently, the hypothesized mechanism is that decreased forage intake reduces body condition and either results in elk failing to conceive during the autumn rut or elk losing the fetus during winter. w ... | 2011 | 21516883 |
| fate of prions in soil: a review. | prions are the etiological agents of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tsses), a class of fatal neurodegenerative diseases affecting humans and other mammals. the pathogenic prion protein is a misfolded form of the host-encoded prion protein and represents the predominant, if not sole, component of the infectious agent. environmental routes of tse transmission areimplicated in epizootics of sheep scrapie and chronic wasting disease (cwd) of deer, elk, and moose. soil represents a plausi ... | 2011 | 21520752 |
| dimer formation and conformational flexibility ensure cytoplasmic stability and nuclear accumulation of elk-1. | the ets (e26) protein elk-1 serves as a paradigm for mitogen-responsive transcription factors. it is multiply phosphorylated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks), which it recruits into pre-initiation complexes on target gene promoters. however, events preparatory to elk-1 phosphorylation are less well understood. here, we identify two novel, functional elements in elk-1 that determine its stability and nuclear accumulation. one element corresponds to a dimerization interface in the ets ... | 2011 | 21543455 |
| paleozoological data suggest euroamerican settlement did not displace ursids and north american elk from lowlands to highlands. | the hypothesis that euroamerican settlement displaced some populations of large mammal taxa from lowland plains habitats to previously unoccupied highland mountain habitats was commonly believed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. by the middle twentieth century biologists had come to favor the hypothesis that euroamerican colonization resulted in the extirpation of populations of large mammal in lowland habitats and those taxa survived in pre-existing relict populations in the ... | 2011 | 21544707 |
| morphological characteristics of pelves of estonian holstein and estonian native breed cows from the perspective of calving. | with 4 figures and 1 table summary: dystocia is more common in holstein-friesian (hf) breed cows than in other dairy breeds. this is often caused by a disproportion between the birth canal of a female animal and the fetus. it is thought that the main determiners of unsuitability are the birth mass of the calf and the shape of the female pelvis. from the perspective of calving the cranial and caudal pelvic apertures are of great significance. this study focuses on pluriparous pelves of the estoni ... | 2011 | 21545644 |
| bovine tuberculosis in a nebraska herd of farmed elk and fallow deer: a failure of the tuberculin skin test and opportunities for serodiagnosis. | in 2009, mycobacterium bovis infection was detected in a herd of 60 elk (cervus elaphus) and 50 fallow deer (dama dama) in nebraska, usa. upon depopulation of the herd, the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (tb) was estimated at ∼71-75%, based upon histopathology and culture results. particularly with elk, gross lesions were often severe and extensive. one year ago, the majority of the elk had been tested for tb by single cervical test (sct), and all were negative. after initial detection of a t ... | 2011 | 21547234 |
| interactions between endogenous and dietary antioxidants against pb-induced oxidative stress in wild ungulates from a pb polluted mining area. | certain physiologic disorders, attributed to lead (pb) exposure are related to the generation of oxidative stress. organisms rely on a complex antioxidant system, composed of endogenously produced compounds such as glutathione (gsh), superoxide dismutase (sod) and gsh peroxidase (gpx); and dietary antioxidants such as vitamins a and e. the aim of this work was to study the interactions between both groups of antioxidants and to evaluate their role in fighting pb-induced oxidative stress in wild ... | 2011 | 21550099 |
| antiangiogenic antitumor activities of igfbp-3 are mediated by igf-independent suppression of erk1/2 activation and egr-1-mediated transcriptional events. | most antiangiogenic therapies currently being evaluated in clinical trials target the vegf pathway; however, the tumor vasculature can acquire resistance to vegf-targeted therapy by shifting to other angiogenesis mechanisms. insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (igfbp-3) has been reported to suppress tumor growth and angiogenesis by both igf-dependent and igf-independent mechanisms; however, our understanding of its igf-independent mechanisms is limited. we observed that igfbp-3 blocked ... | 2011 | 21551235 |
| neuronal nitric oxide contributes to neuroplasticity-associated protein expression through cgmp, protein kinase g, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. | nitric oxide (no) synthesized by neuronal no synthase (nnos) has long been implicated in brain plasticity. however, it is unclear how this short-lived mediator contributes to the long-term molecular changes underlying neuroplasticity, which typically require activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) signaling pathway and gene expression. to address this issue, we used a neuroplasticity model based on treatment of neuronal cultures with bicucul ... | 2011 | 21562256 |
| the effect of amplitude modulation on the spectrum structure of the red deer sound signal. | 2011 | 21562958 | |
| assessment of levels of bacterial contamination of large wild game meat in europe. | the variations in prevalence and levels of pathogens and fecal contamination indicators in large wild game meat were studied to assess their potential impact on consumers. this analysis was based on hazard analysis, data generation and statistical analysis. a total of 2919 meat samples from three species (red deer, roe deer, wild boar) were collected at french game meat traders' facilities using two sampling protocols. information was gathered on the types of meat cuts (forequarter or haunch; fi ... | 2011 | 21569954 |
| [investigate of dna extraction of os cervi]. | to establish a convenient, practical and high efficient method of dna extraction of os cervi, and lay the foundation of identification of animal bones. | 2011 | 21585046 |
| chronic wasting disease. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a prion disease of free-ranging and farmed ungulates (deer, elk, and moose) in north america and south korea. first described by the late e.s. williams and colleagues in northern colorado and southern wyoming in the 1970s, cwd has increased tremendously both in numerical and geographical distribution, reaching prevalence rates as high as 50% in free-ranging and >90% in captive deer herds in certain areas of usa and canada. cwd is certainly the most contagious pri ... | 2011 | 21598099 |
| modeling routes of chronic wasting disease transmission: environmental prion persistence promotes deer population decline and extinction. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a fatal disease of deer, elk, and moose transmitted through direct, animal-to-animal contact, and indirectly, via environmental contamination. considerable attention has been paid to modeling direct transmission, but despite the fact that cwd prions can remain infectious in the environment for years, relatively little information exists about the potential effects of indirect transmission on cwd dynamics. in the present study, we use simulation models to demonstr ... | 2011 | 21603638 |
| trypanosoma spp. in swedish game animals. | serum and blood samples from 36 game animals, shot during the hunting seasons 2007-2009, were collected and analyzed for the presence of trypanosoma spp. by three methods: isolation, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and serology. only fissiped animals were included, four different ruminants and wild boar. trypanosomes could be isolated from two of the animals, and eight had detectable parasite dna. seven animals had high titers of anti-trypanosoma igg antibodies. the two isolated strains, one fr ... | 2011 | 21614542 |
| neonatal mortality of elk driven by climate, predator phenology and predator community composition. | 1. understanding the interaction among predators and between predation and climate is critical to understanding the mechanisms for compensatory mortality. we used data from 1999 radio-marked neonatal elk (cervus elaphus) calves from 12 populations in the north-western united states to test for effects of predation on neonatal survival, and whether predation interacted with climate to render mortality compensatory. 2. weibull survival models with a random effect for each population were fit as a ... | 2011 | 21615401 |
| travel history, hunting, and venison consumption related to prion disease exposure, 2006-2007 foodnet population survey. | the transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) to human beings and the spread of chronic wasting disease (cwd) among cervids have prompted concerns about zoonotic transmission of prion diseases. travel to the united kingdom and other european countries, hunting for deer or elk, and venison consumption could result in the exposure of us residents to the agents that cause bse and cwd. the foodborne diseases active surveillance network 2006-2007 population survey was used to assess the ... | 2011 | 21616198 |
| 'carg'ing for micrornas. | 2011 | 21620846 | |
| the ets family transcription factor elk-1 regulates induction of the cell cycle regulatory gene p21waf1/cip1 and the bax gene in sodium arsenite-exposed human keratinocyte hacat cells. | cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (cdkn1a), often referred to as p21(waf1/cip1) (p21), is induced by a variety of environmental stresses. transcription factor elk-1 is a member of the ets oncogene superfamily. here, we show that elk-1 directly trans-activates the p21 gene, independently of p53 and egr-1, in sodium arsenite (naaso(2))-exposed hacat cells. promoter-deletion analysis and site-directed mutagenesis identified the presence of an elk-1-binding core motif between -190 and -170 bp of the ... | 2011 | 21642427 |
| genome-wide analysis reveals padi4 cooperates with elk-1 to activate c-fos expression in breast cancer cells. | peptidylarginine deiminase iv (padi4) catalyzes the conversion of positively charged arginine and methylarginine residues to neutrally charged citrulline, and this activity has been linked to the repression of a limited number of target genes. to broaden our knowledge of the regulatory potential of padi4, we utilized chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with promoter tiling array (chip-chip) analysis to more comprehensively investigate the range of padi4 target genes across the genome in mcf-7 ... | 2011 | 21655091 |
| vaccination for leptospirosis improved the weaning percentage of 2-year-old farmed red deer hinds in new zealand. | to investigate the effect of leptospiral vaccination against serovars hardjo-bovis and pomona on fetal loss and weaning percentage in rising 2-year-old farmed red deer hinds. | 2011 | 21660849 |
| possible subclinical hepatopathy after copper supplementation in farmed red deer. | to determine the effect of parenteral supplementation with cu on the activities of hepatic enzymes in deer with adequate concentration(s) of cu in liver and serum. | 2011 | 21660850 |
| differential responses of vertebrate and invertebrate herbivores to traits of new zealand subalpine shrubs. | plant traits are influenced by herbivore diet selection, but little is known about how traits are affected by different types of herbivores. we related eight traits of 27 subalpine shrub species in south island, new zealand, to damage of these shrubs by introduced red deer (cervus elaphus) and native invertebrate herbivores using phylogenetically explicit modeling. deer preferentially consumed species that grew quickly, were low in foliar tannins, or had high leaf area per unit mass. however, th ... | 2011 | 21661560 |
| embryo transfer and sex determination following superovulated hinds inseminated with frozen-thawed sex-sorted y sperm or unsorted semen in wapiti (cervus elaphus songaricus). | the aim of this study was to evaluate embryo production in superovulated wapiti hinds inseminated with either y-sorted or unsorted semen. eighteen hinds were allocated to three treatment groups: ai following multiple ovulation (cidr/fsh) with 10×10(6) y-sorted frozen-thawed semen (y group, n=6), or 10×10(6) and 100×10(6) unsorted frozen-thawed semen for the unsorted (n=6) and the control group (n=6). the embryos from the sixth day following insemination were collected and classified. fifteen ... | 2011 | 21664079 |
| bis(12)-hupyridone, a novel multifunctional dimer, promotes neuronal differentiation more potently than its monomeric natural analog huperzine a possibly through alpha7 nachr. | the cause of many neurodegenerative disorders can be ascribed to the loss of functional neurons, and thus agents capable of promoting neuronal differentiation may have therapeutic benefits to patients of these disorders. in this study, the effects and underlying mechanisms of bis(12)-hupyridone (b12h), a novel dimeric acetylcholinesterase inhibitor modified from huperzine a (ha), on neuronal differentiation were investigated using both the rat pc12 pheochromocytoma cell line and adult rat hippoc ... | 2011 | 21665194 |
| cox-2 gene expression in colon cancer tissue related to regulating factors and promoter methylation status. | increased cyclooxygenase activity promotes progression of colorectal cancer, but the mechanisms behind cox-2 induction remain elusive. this study was therefore aimed to define external cell signaling and transcription factors relating to high cox-2 expression in colon cancer tissue. | 2011 | 21668942 |
| analysis of the effect of osteon diameter on the potential relationship of osteocyte lacuna density and osteon wall thickness. | an important hypothesis is that the degree of infilling of secondary osteons (haversian systems) is controlled by the inhibitory effect of osteocytes on osteoblasts, which might be mediated by sclerostin (a glycoprotein produced by osteocytes). consequently, this inhibition could be proportional to cell number: relatively greater repression is exerted by progressively greater osteocyte density (increased osteocytes correlate with thinner osteon walls). this hypothesis has been examined, but only ... | 2011 | 21809466 |
| long-lasting behavioral responses to stress involve a direct interaction of glucocorticoid receptors with erk1/2-msk1-elk-1 signaling. | stressful events are known to have a long-term impact on future behavioral stress responses. previous studies suggested that both glucocorticoid hormones and glutamate acting via glucocorticoid receptors (grs) and n-methyl d-aspartate (nmda) receptors, respectively, are of critical importance for the consolidation of these long-lasting behavioral responses at the dentate gyrus, the gateway of the hippocampal formation. we found that an acute psychologically stressful event resulted in erk1/2 pho ... | 2011 | 21808001 |
| biochemical and molecular analysis of the interaction between erk2 map kinase and hypoxia inducible factor-1a | the mitogen activated protein kinase (mapk) signaling pathways play significant roles in fundamental cellular processes, such as cell growth and differentiation. it has been shown that the specificity and efficacy of phosphorylation by map kinases rely upon distinct mapk-docking domains (d-domains) found in a wide range of mapk substrates including the ets-transcription factor elk-1. importantly, the mapk signaling cascade converges with the hypoxia-induced signaling pathway. the key regulator o ... | 2011 | 21807114 |
| dj-1 modulates the expression of cu/zn-superoxide dismutase-1 through the erk1/2-elk1 pathway in neuroprotection. | objective: loss of function mutations of park7/dj-1 gene increase the susceptibility of dopaminergic cells to reactive oxygen species and cause early onset familial parkinson disease (pd). however, the mechanisms underlying dopaminergic neuron loss related to dj-1 mutation remain undefined. therefore, it is important to find the new mechanisms underlying the antioxidative functions of dj-1. methods: dj-1 knockdown cells and dj-1 knockout mice were used to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the ... | 2011 | 21796667 |
| temporal stability in the genetic structure of sarcoptes scabiei under the host-taxon law: empirical evidences from wildlife-derived sarcoptes mite in asturias, spain. | abstract: background: implicitly, parasite molecular studies assume temporal genetic stability. in this study we tested, for the first time to our knowledge, the extent of changes in genetic diversity and structure of sarcoptes mite populations from pyrenean chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica) in asturias (spain), using one multiplex of 9 microsatellite markers and sarcoptes samples from sympatric pyrenean chamois, red deer (cervus elaphus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and red fox (vulpes vulpes). ... | 2011 | 21794141 |
| analysis of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of red deer subspecies in xinjiang, china. | polymorphisms for seven microsatellite loci in three red deer subspecies (9 populations) found in xinjiang were detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), 12% nondenaturation polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the sanguinetti silver staining method. numbers of alleles, average effective numbers of alleles (e) and the average rate of homozygosity, allelic frequencies of seven microsatellite loci, polymorphism information content (pic), mean heterozygosity (h) and genetic distances among the ... | 2011 | 21794008 |
| p300-dependent atf5 acetylation is essential for egr-1 gene activation and cell proliferation and survival. | atf5 has been shown to be a critical regulator of cell proliferation and survival; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. we demonstrate here that atf5 interacts with transcriptional coactivator p300, which acetylates atf5 at lysine-29 (k29), which in turn enhances the interaction between atf5 and p300 and binding of the atf5/p300 complex to the are region of the egr-1 promoter. are-bound atf5/p300 acetylates lysine-14 (k14) of nucleosomal histone h3 at both the are and sre o ... | 2011 | 21791614 |
| compressive mechanical properties of demineralized and deproteinized cancellous bone. | a method to completely demineralize and deproteinize bone was used to investigate the mechanical properties of either the mineral or protein phase in cancellous bone and compared to an untreated one. compression tests on cancellous bovine femur and elk antler (cervus elaphus canadensis) were performed on demineralized, deproteinized, and untreated samples in an air-dry condition. results showed that the elastic modulus and compressive strength of the demineralized (protein only) and deproteinize ... | 2011 | 21783106 |
| immunological and pathological responses of red deer resistant or susceptible genotypes, to experimental challenge with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | this study aimed to monitor the clinical, immunological and pathological changes in red deer for 49 weeks after experimental oral challenge with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) and to assess the heritability of resistance in the offspring of two red stags. eighteen young deer, which were bred from unselected hinds and sired by two stags resistant (r) or susceptible (s) to paratuberculosis, were challenged with map and monitored for 49 weeks. biopsy samples of the jejunal lymph ... | 2011 | 21782254 |
| role of wild ruminants in the epidemiology of bluetongue virus serotypes 1, 4 and 8 in spain. | abstract: although the importance of wild ruminants as potential reservoirs of bluetongue virus (btv) has been suggested, the role played by these species in the epidemiology of bt in europe is still unclear. we carried out a serologic and virologic survey to assess the role of wild ruminants in the transmission and maintenance of btv in andalusia (southern spain) between 2006 and 2010. a total of 473 out of 1339 (35.3%) wild ruminants analyzed showed antibodies against btv by both elisa and ser ... | 2011 | 21781340 |
| chronic wasting disease prion trafficking via the autonomic nervous system. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a fatal spongiform encephalopathy that is efficiently transmitted among members of the mammalian family cervidae, including deer, elk, and moose. typical of prion diseases, cwd is characterized by the conversion of the native protease-sensitive protein prp(c) to a protease-resistant isoform, denoted prp(res). in native species, spread of the disease likely results from the ingestion of prion-containing excreta, including urine, saliva, or feces. although cervid p ... | 2011 | 21777560 |
| estrogen receptor ? stimulates egr-1 transcription via mek1/erk/elk-1 cascade in c6 glioma cells. | the egr-1 is an immediate early response gene encoding a transcription factor that functions in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. estrogen has diverse physiological effects, including cellular proliferation and neuroprotection against brain injury. there are two types of estrogen receptors (ers), era and er?. era-induced egr-1 expression has been extensively studied; however, the role of er? is yet not known. in the present study, we investigated whether or not er? i ... | 2011 | 21777515 |
| lesion distribution and epidemiology of mycobacterium bovis in elk and white-tailed deer in south-western manitoba, canada. | surveillance for mycobacterium bovis in free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus) and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from south-western manitoba was carried out from 1997 to 2010 to describe the lesions, epidemiology, and geographic distribution of disease. tissues were cultured from animals killed by hunters, culled for management, blood-tested, or found opportunistically. period prevalence in elk was approximately six times higher than deer, suggesting a significant reservoir role for elk, ... | 2011 | 21776351 |
| composition and some quality characteristics of the longissimus muscle of reindeer in norway compared to farmed new zealand red deer. | norwegian reindeer of finnmark county live under harsh conditions on extensive feed sources. thus the meat may have special qualities. m. longissimus lumborum from 30 animals was investigated with respect to carcass and meat quality and compositional/nutritional characteristics. meat from calves had a higher myofibrillar fragmentation index and tenderness, and had lighter, redder and more yellow colour than meat from adult reindeer. regarding nutritional compounds the meat from calves had lower ... | 2011 | 21757298 |
| effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone immunization on reproductive function and behavior in captive female rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni). | fertility control is a potential method for managing overabundant wildlife populations; however, current technology is limited by duration of treatment efficacy and unacceptable side-effects. the objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a single immunization with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) vaccine to suppress reproductive function in pregnant female elk and to evaluate potential behavioral and pathological side-effects of treatment. eighteen captive adult female elk we ... | 2011 | 21753192 |
| ontogenesis of the omasum: a comparative analysis of the merino sheep and iberian red deer. | the aim of this study is to describe differences in the ontogenesis of the omasum in sheep (domestic ruminant) and deer (wild ruminant). a total of 50 embryos and fetuses of merino sheep and 50 iberian deer were used, from the first stages of prenatal life until birth. for the study, the animals were divided into five experimental groups according to the most relevant histological characteristics. the appearance of the omasum from the primitive gastric tube was earlier in sheep (22% gestation, 3 ... | 2011 | 21751145 |
| characterization of fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition in animal fats using silver-ion and non-aqueous reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/flame ionization detection. | fatty acid (fa) and triacylglycerol (tg) composition of natural oils and fats intake in the diet has a strong influence on the human health and chronic diseases. in this work, non-aqueous reversed-phase (narp) and silver-ion high-performance liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry detection and gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection (gc/fid) and mass spectrometry detection are used for the characterization of fa and tg composition in comp ... | 2011 | 21835413 |
| saturation deficit and deer density affect questing activity and local abundance of ixodes ricinus (acari, ixodidae) in italy. | the wood tick ixodes ricinus, one of the most common arthropod-borne disease vectors, is of increasing relevance for human and animal health in europe. the aim of this study was to determine the relative contribution of several abiotic and biotic factors potentially affecting questing activity and local abundance of i. ricinus in italy, considering the scale at which these factors interact with the host-seeking ticks. within eden, a large-scale eu collaborative project on eco-epidemiology of vec ... | 2011 | 21820245 |
| mycobacterial screening of czech red deer (cervus elaphus) populations in overwintering sites, 2004-2006. | one isolate of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was detected in 2,212 fecal samples of wild deer assembled in overwintering sites (ows). neither m. bovis nor m. a. subsp. avium was found. therefore, congregating deer in owss does not automatically lead to the amplification of these pathogens among animals in owss. | 2011 | 21719853 |
| liver enzymes and blood metabolites in a population of free-ranging red deer ( cervus elaphus) naturally infected with fascioloides magna. | we investigated the effects of fascioloides magna infection on the serum biochemistry values of the naturally infected red deer population in eastern croatia. the investigation was performed on 47 red deer with f. magna infection confirmed patho-anatomically in 27 animals (57.4%). fibrous capsules and migratory lesions were found in 14 deer while only fibrous capsules without migratory lesions were found in 13 deer. in 13 deer both immature and mature flukes were found, in 5 deer only immature f ... | 2011 | 21729388 |
| sorbitol-fermenting, +¦-glucuronidase-positive, shiga toxin-negative escherichia coli o157:h7 in free-ranging red deer in south-central spain. | abstract we investigated the prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 in free-ranging red deer in south-central spain, to assess their potential as reservoir hosts of sorbitol-fermenting (sf) e. coli o157:h7 strains, which are emerging causes of hemolytic uremic syndrome in europe. fecal samples from 264 hunter-harvested iberian red deer (cervus elaphus) were collected in 25 different game estates and examined for e. coli o157:h7 by culture and pcr. e. coli o157:h7 was detected and isolated in 4 o ... | 2011 | 21819212 |
| a case of hepatic carcinoid in a red deer hind (cervus elaphus). | a carcinoid tumour in the liver of a red deer hind (cervus elaphus) is described. macroscopically, the liver was considerably enlarged with multifocal, firm, yellow and red nodular neoplastic masses, which were histopathologically diagnosed as hepatic carcinoids. the diagnosis was confirmed by modified grimelius staining, which demonstrated numerous small argyrophilic granules in the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells, and by immunohistochemistry. the neoplastic cells gave a strong positive reaction ... | 2011 | 21727064 |
| sufentanil and xylazine immobilization of rocky mountain elk. | from october 2009 through july 2010, five captive, 3-yr-old, female rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus) and nine free-ranging elk (one male, eight female) were immobilized with 0.1 mg/kg sufentanil plus 0.5 mg/kg xylazine which was antagonized with 1 mg/kg naltrexone and 2 mg/kg tolazoline. induction and recovery times averaged 4.9 -¦ 0.3 min and 3.9 -¦ 0.4 min, respectively. physiologic and blood gas parameters as well as bispectral index (bis) were measured on the captive elk every 10 min for ... | 2011 | 21719828 |
| secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor is associated with mmp-2 and mmp-9 to promote migration and invasion in snu638 gastric cancer cells. | secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (slpi) protects tissue from proteases, and promotes cell proliferation and healing during inflammatory response. slpi is also overexpressed in gastric, lung and ovarian cancers, which accelerates the metastasis of cancer cells. matrix metalloproteinases-2, -9 (mmp-2 and mmp-9) are overexpressed in high metastatic cancers, and promote the migration of cancer cells through collagen degradation. slpi and mmp-2, -9 are critical factors in stimulating the metast ... | 2011 | 21687932 |
| herbal formula hmc05 prevents human aortic smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation by inhibiting the erk1/2 mapk signaling cascade. | hmc05 is a formulation derived from eight medicinal herbs, and prevents neointima formation by inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) pathway with induction of heat shock protein 27 expression. in this study, we investigated the influence of hmc05 regulation on the mapk/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) 1/2 signaling cascade in the inhibition of the migration and proliferation of human aortic smooth muscle cells (hasmcs). the inhibitory effects of hmc05 (25, 50, and ... | 2011 | 21833774 |
| phylogenetic study of setaria cervi based on mitochondrial cox1 gene sequences. | the objective of the present study was to examine the phylogenetic position of setaria cervi based on sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. a fragment of the cox1 gene from two morphologically identified s. cervi collected from red deer (cervus elaphus) from italy were amplified, sequenced, and compared with corresponding sequences of other filarioid nematode species. phylogenetic studies using bayesian analysis revealed s. cervi as monophyletic with other setari ... | 2011 | 21695569 |